CN114113327A - Pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves - Google Patents
Pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN114113327A CN114113327A CN202010891363.4A CN202010891363A CN114113327A CN 114113327 A CN114113327 A CN 114113327A CN 202010891363 A CN202010891363 A CN 202010891363A CN 114113327 A CN114113327 A CN 114113327A
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves, which comprises an excitation module, an efficient acquisition module, a signal processing module and a battery module, wherein the excitation module freely switches channels; the excitation module of the free switching channel arranges a piezoelectric sensor at the position of the pipeline to be detected, the piezoelectric sensor applies excitation on the pipeline, and the high-efficiency acquisition module receives a guided wave signal generated on the pipeline; and the signal processing module extracts and processes the damage signals acquired by the acquisition end and realizes the positioning and imaging of the damage position by using a damage distance imaging algorithm on the upper computer. According to the invention, all modules are packaged and integrated, so that the detection personnel can conveniently carry the detection equipment, the damaged position can be visually displayed, the working efficiency of the detection personnel is improved, and safety accidents are effectively prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure health detection technology, in particular to a pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves.
Background
In daily life, pipeline laying relates to various industries and plays an important role in production. During service of the pipeline, most pipelines need to be exposed to various complex environments, such as severe weather, impact, corrosion of the chemical substances inside the pipeline, and the like. In engineering, the detection of the health condition of the pipeline is particularly important because the pipeline failure frequently causes great damage to the survival and property safety of people.
At present, pipeline maintenance personnel generally detect the damage of a pipeline by methods such as visual detection, electromagnetic flaw detection, infrared thermography and the like, the methods not only take long time, but also easily influence the detection result by the external environment. In particular, in the bent part of the pipeline, some instruments are difficult to arrange at the bent part, and sometimes, the damage of the bent part cannot be detected in time, and finally, immeasurable loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves, and solves the problems that in the existing pipeline detection technology, when some damages at the bent part in a pipeline are detected, the operation is complex, the damage position is difficult to accurately detect, and the like.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves comprises an excitation module, a high-efficiency acquisition module, a signal processing module and a battery module, wherein the excitation module, the high-efficiency acquisition module, the signal processing module and the battery module can freely switch channels; the excitation module is used for arranging a piezoelectric sensor at the position of the pipeline to be detected according to the detection range, the piezoelectric sensor is used for exciting the pipeline, and the high-efficiency acquisition module is used for receiving guided wave signals generated on the pipeline; the signal processing module is used for extracting and processing the damage signals acquired by the acquisition end and realizing the positioning and imaging of the damage position by using a distance imaging algorithm on the upper computer; the battery module supplies power to the excitation module, the high-efficiency acquisition module and the signal processing module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the arrangement of a sensor group at the bent part of the pipeline is difficult to monitor, and the damage at the bent part of the pipeline is detected; (2) the number of the piezoelectric sensors can be increased or decreased according to the actual condition of the flaw detection structure, the arrangement mode of the sensors is changed, the detection range is expanded, and the accuracy of local detection is improved; (3) multi-path excitation and collection can be realized; the damage distance imaging algorithm is used for completing imaging demonstration of the damage position, and an operator can visually see the damage position; (4) the whole machine is packaged, the carrying is convenient, the power consumption is low, and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the inspection system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the response of the excitation signal of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a layout view of a sensor probe at a pipe bend according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the detection system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1, a pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves includes an active excitation module for freely switching channels, a high-efficiency acquisition module, a signal processing module, and a battery module;
the excitation module of freely switching channel comprises PICO data acquisition and signal generator, matrix switch, DC-DC converter, power amplifier and piezoelectric sensor: an excitation signal generated by the PICO data acquisition and signal generator is subjected to channel switching and shunting through the matrix switch, amplified by the power amplifier and acted on the piezoelectric sensor; wherein the DC-DC converter is used to amplify the input voltage of the power amplifier.
The PICO data acquisition and signal generator generates signals with small amplitude and low power, and when the PICO data acquisition and signal generator meets a thicker pipe structure, guided wave signals can not be excited almost or the excited guided wave signals are transmitted for a short distance, so that the receiving sensor cannot receive the signals or the received signals are weak. And by a method of increasing power, the excitation signal is ensured to excite the guided wave signal in the structure. In this embodiment, the power is amplified by a factor of 100.
To increase the sensitivity of the detection, multiple sets of excitation signals are required. In this embodiment, the channel switching uses a matrix switch with 8 × 16 channels to complete the shunting of the excitation signal.
Preferably, the number of the piezoelectric sensors used for excitation is more than 8, the piezoelectric sensors used for excitation are arranged at the bend of the pipeline, the transverse position and the longitudinal position of the bend of the pipeline are respectively 50cm in length, and the piezoelectric sensor groups are arranged along the axial position of the pipeline; two piezoelectric sensors spaced 10cm apart in the axial direction are grouped, and a plurality of groups are arranged at intervals of 10cm in the radial direction.
Selection of excitation signal: the frequency components of the narrowband excitation signal are concentrated, and the guided wave signal generated in the structure can be generally obtained by intercepting a sinusoidal signal by using a wide function, such as the narrowband excitation signal used in the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
In the formula fcH (t) is the Heaviside function, and N is the peak number of the sin modulation signal. In this embodiment, N is 5, and the center frequency of the excitation signal is 300 KH.
The high-efficiency acquisition module mainly comprises a receiving probe and a voltage amplifier, wherein the receiving probe adopts a piezoelectric sensor and is used for receiving a guided wave signal excited by an excitation signal on a pipeline and amplifying a weak voltage signal by the voltage amplifier, so that the signal is conveniently analyzed and processed by a signal processing module at the later stage.
The receiving probe is used for receiving the guided wave signals excited on the pipeline by the excitation signals and amplifying weak voltage signals through the voltage amplifier.
The signal processing module consists of a PICO data acquisition and signal generator and an upper computer. The upper computer controls the oscilloscope to generate an excitation signal and controls the matrix switch to switch the detection channel, so that the excitation signal actively acts on the bent part of the pipeline through the free switching channel. The PICO data acquisition and signal generator transmits the amplified voltage signal to the upper computer. The upper computer can control each hardware module, analyze and process the damage signal, extract the damage characteristic parameter, and finally complete the positioning and imaging of the damage by combining the damage distance imaging algorithm. The upper computer mainly comprises filtering, spectrum analysis, wavelet analysis and Huangshi transformation; the extraction of the characteristic parameters of the damage signal mainly comprises the extraction of the amplitude value, the peak value and the time required from excitation to receiving of the signal.
Loss of the inventionThe injury distance imaging algorithm is mainly characterized by that the region to be tested is divided into n x n points, and an image matrix T is builtnSeparately find the functional formula fn(t) corresponding pixel point parameters, and assigning values to each point on the matrix:
wherein T isijRepresents an arbitrary point in the matrix, AnRepresenting the coefficient of difference, t, of the sensor0Which represents the moment in time at which the excitation signal is generated,
indicating the distance from any point in the matrix to the excitation sensor,
representing the distance from any point in the matrix to the receiving sensor, v representing the propagation velocity of the guided wave signal in the pipe structure, M being the number of detection channels, fnAnd (t) representing an envelope function of the received and processed damage scattering signal, and finally realizing imaging through pixel matrix superposition so as to obtain damage information.
The battery module adopts a power supply of +/-12V to provide a stable power supply for the whole system.
And in a small section of the bent part of the pipeline, which is not provided with the piezoelectric sensor group, a reagent for absorbing the guided wave signals is coated, so that the influence of the guided wave signals reflected from other positions on the actual detection result, which are not in the detection range, is reduced.
The present invention arranges more than 8 sets of piezoelectric sensors in the manner shown in fig. 3, 1 denotes a piezoelectric sensor, and 2 denotes an agent that absorbs a guided wave signal. The piezoelectric sensor groups are arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline, each group consists of two piezoelectric sensors, the distance between the two piezoelectric sensors is 10cm, and the piezoelectric sensors are equally spaced at a distance of 10cm in the radial direction of the pipeline.
The invention coats a circle of reagent for absorbing the guided wave signals at the position 5cm away from the outermost laminated electric sensor group at the bending part of the pipeline, thereby reducing the influence of the guided wave signals which are not in the detection range and are reflected from other positions on the actual detection result.
The working flow of the invention is shown in fig. 4, after the software of the invention runs, the detection system is initialized, the piezoelectric sensor is fixed at the bend of the pipeline, the signal generator generates a proper excitation signal, and the detection system is started to complete the detection of the damage condition of the bend of the pipeline.
The invention utilizes the principle that ultrasonic guided waves can be reflected and scattered when encountering the damage in the structure to complete the damage detection of the pipeline structure. In a practical environment, the invention can arrange the piezoelectric sensors at any position according to the actual detection requirement, and increase or decrease the number of the piezoelectric sensors according to the actual detection range. The detection system integrates a damage distance imaging algorithm, so that a maintainer can intuitively find the position of a damage point.
Claims (9)
1. A pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves is characterized by comprising an excitation module, an efficient acquisition module, a signal processing module and a battery module, wherein the excitation module, the efficient acquisition module, the signal processing module and the battery module can freely switch channels; the excitation module is used for arranging a piezoelectric sensor at the position of the pipeline to be detected according to the detection range, the piezoelectric sensor is used for exciting the pipeline, and the high-efficiency acquisition module is used for receiving guided wave signals generated on the pipeline; the signal processing module is used for extracting and processing the damage signals acquired by the acquisition end and realizing the positioning and imaging of the damage position by using a distance imaging algorithm on the upper computer; the battery module supplies power to the excitation module, the high-efficiency acquisition module and the signal processing module.
2. The ultrasonic guided wave based pipeline damage detection system of claim 1, wherein the excitation module is composed of a PICO data acquisition and signal generator, a matrix switch, a DC-DC converter, a power amplifier and a piezoelectric sensor: an excitation signal generated by the PICO data acquisition and signal generator is subjected to channel switching and shunting through the matrix switch, amplified by the power amplifier and acted on the piezoelectric sensor; wherein a DC-DC converter is used to amplify the supply voltage.
3. The guided ultrasound wave based pipe damage detection system of claim 2, wherein the matrix switch comprises 8 x 16 channels.
4. The ultrasonic guided-wave based pipeline damage detection system of claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric sensor groups are arranged at axial positions along the pipeline, taking lengths of 50cm each at the transverse and longitudinal positions of the bend of the pipeline; two piezoelectric sensors spaced 10cm apart in the axial direction are grouped, and a plurality of groups are arranged at intervals of 10cm in the radial direction.
5. The ultrasonic guided-wave-based pipeline damage detection system of claim 2, wherein the excitation signal is a sine modulation signal with a center frequency of 300KHz and a peak number of 5:
in the formula fcH (t) is the Heaviside function, and N is the peak number of the sin modulation signal.
6. The system for detecting the pipeline damage based on the ultrasonic guided wave according to claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency acquisition module consists of a receiving probe and a voltage amplifier, the receiving probe is used for receiving signals, and the voltage amplifier amplifies the voltage of the signals.
7. The pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves of claim 1, characterized in that, the signal processing module comprises PICO data acquisition and signal generator and host computer: the PICO data acquisition and signal generator transmits voltage signals transmitted by the voltage amplifier to the upper computer, and the upper computer controls the work of each module and stores and processes guided wave signals in the PICO data acquisition and signal generator.
8. The guided ultrasound wave based pipe damage detection system of claim 1, wherein the battery module uses a power source of ± 12v to power other modules.
9. The ultrasonic guided-wave based pipeline damage detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance imaging algorithm is to divide the detected region into n x n points and establish an image matrix TnSeparately find the functional formula fn(t) corresponding pixel point parameters, and assigning values to each point on the matrix:
wherein T isijRepresents an arbitrary point in the matrix, AnRepresenting the coefficient of difference, t, of the sensor0Which represents the moment in time at which the excitation signal is generated,
indicating the distance from any point in the matrix to the excitation sensor,
representing the distance from any point in the matrix to the receiving sensor, v representing the propagation velocity of the guided wave signal in the pipe structure, M being the number of detection channels, fnAnd (t) representing an envelope function of the received and processed damage scattering signal, and finally realizing imaging through pixel matrix superposition.
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| CN202010891363.4A CN114113327A (en) | 2020-08-30 | 2020-08-30 | Pipeline damage detection system based on ultrasonic guided waves |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108956771A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-12-07 | 南京理工大学 | Special vehicle transmission shaft damage detection system based on supersonic guide-wave |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108956771A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-12-07 | 南京理工大学 | Special vehicle transmission shaft damage detection system based on supersonic guide-wave |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| JIAN WU 等: "A Structural Health Monitoring System Research for Special Vehicles Based on Ultrasonic Guided Waves", 7TH ASIA-PACIFIC WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING, 15 November 2018 (2018-11-15), pages 1 - 7 * |
| 孙继康: "基于超声导波的典型工程结构损伤监测方法研究", 中国优秀硕士论文全文数据库 工程科技II辑, no. 6, 15 June 2020 (2020-06-15), pages 51 - 52 * |
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