CN114113255A - Electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

Electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114113255A
CN114113255A CN202111407981.8A CN202111407981A CN114113255A CN 114113255 A CN114113255 A CN 114113255A CN 202111407981 A CN202111407981 A CN 202111407981A CN 114113255 A CN114113255 A CN 114113255A
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electrode
saccharomyces cerevisiae
solution
electrochemical sensor
ito electrode
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李恭新
闻浩
刘飞
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Jiangnan University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416Systems
    • G01N27/48Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical sensors, and particularly relates to an electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof. In the preparation process, GO, AuNPs, MPA, EDC/NHS, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibodies and BSA are modified on an ITO electrode through electroplating deposition and incubation to obtain the electrochemical sensor. The principle of the invention is that GO and AuNPs are fixed on the surface of an ITO electrode, MPA and EDC/NHS are used as the linking groups of the antibody and AuNPs, and BSA is used for covering redundant reaction sites. The sensing material can be specifically combined with the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to realize the accurate detection and analysis of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, provides an application of an electrochemical sensor for quantitatively detecting the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and has important significance for researching a rapid and accurate saccharomyces cerevisiae cell detection method, and timely discovering and early preventing invasive saccharomyces cerevisiae cell infection.

Description

Electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical sensors, and particularly relates to an electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof.
Background
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are commonly used in fermentation processes in the food industry, such as bread, steamed bread, and wine brewing, and also as probiotic preparations for preventing and treating various diarrhea and intestinal diseases, etc. Generally considered a safe, non-pathogenic microorganism, often colonizes the skin, vaginal mucosa, digestive tract and respiratory tract. However, in recent decades, the number of cases of fungal infections due to the uptake of s.cerevisiae cells has increased in immunocompromised patients. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen and are associated with a variety of infections, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute adult diarrhea, and HIV-associated diarrhea. After the preparation is taken by the patient with the hypoimmunity, the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells can penetrate the immune barrier to enter the blood and spread to tissues, so that the fungal infection problem of various tissue parts is generated.
Clinically, to perform initial diagnosis and treatment of invasive infection of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, staphylococcus cerevisiae in blood of a patient is detected and purified. Clinically, the commonly used pathogen detection and screening methods include Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods, DNA microarrays, DNA sequencing technologies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, separations and cell culture. However, these methods require extensive screening and handling of suspect samples for pathogen detection, such as cell lysis, DNA extraction, amplification and purification. Thus, the entire procedure is not only cumbersome and time consuming and requires expensive high precision instruments, but also may contaminate the test sample during the procedure. Therefore, establishing a new rapid and accurate detection method for the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells has important significance for timely discovering and early preventing invasive saccharomyces cerevisiae cell infection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides an electrochemical sensor, and preparation and application thereof, so that the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells can be accurately detected.
The invention provides a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode, punching a hole on an adhesive tape, sticking one end of the surface of the ITO electrode, and mixing GO (graphene oxide) aqueous solution and HAuCl4Mixing the aqueous solution of the gold nanoparticles, and electroplating on an ITO electrode to obtain an ITO electrode A;
(2) dripping MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) solution on the ITO electrode A, incubating, and removing impurities to obtain an ITO electrode B;
(3) dropping EDC/NHS (1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide) solution on the electrode B, incubating, and removing impurities to obtain an ITO electrode C;
(4) dropwise adding a saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody solution on the electrode C, incubating, and removing impurities to obtain an ITO electrode D;
(5) and dropwise adding a BSA (bovine serum albumin) solution on the electrode D, incubating, and removing impurities to obtain the electrochemical sensor.
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of the GO aqueous solution is 0.8-1.2 mg/L; the HAuCl4The concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.4-0.6 mM; further, GO aqueous solution and HAuCl4The water solution is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, the electroplating uses an electrochemical workstation, the working electrode is connected with one end of the ITO non-adhesive tape, the other two electrodes are inserted into the liquid, and the parameters are set as follows: the scanning voltage is set to be-0.2-0.4V, the scanning rate is set to be 40-60mV/s, and the scanning times are set to be 10-30 times.
Preferably, the mass ratio of MPA, EDC/NHS, the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody and BSA is 1: 5-15: 0.1-0.5: 15-25.
Preferably, in the steps (2) and (3), the MPA solution is incubated at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 2-3 h; the incubation temperature of the EDC/NHS solution is 20-30 ℃ and the incubation time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (4), the incubation temperature of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody solution is 20-30 ℃ and the incubation time is 30-50 min.
Preferably, in the step (5), the BSA solution is incubated at 2-6 deg.C for 20-40 min.
Further, the impurity removal process is washing by PBS standard solution and removing in N2And (5) drying.
The invention also provides an electrochemical sensor.
Further, the electrochemical sensor can be applied to quantitative detection of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides an electrochemical sensor which can accurately and quickly quantitatively detect the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells through the specific action of the saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody and the saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the introduction of GO and AuNPs improves the biocompatibility, greatly improves the detection limit of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and is beneficial to the application in the field of biological detection.
(2) GO and AuNPs are used as binding sites of saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, on one hand, more antibodies can be adsorbed on the surfaces of AuNPs, and on the other hand, AuNPs can also be used as catalysts of redox reaction, and have a high transfer effect on electron transfer in the reaction process.
(3) The method disclosed by the invention has a good detection effect on the low-concentration saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by utilizing the strong biocompatibility of GO and AuNPs for detecting the low-concentration saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of an electrochemical sensing material;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a modified ITO electrode;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the voltammetric cycling curves of the modified ITO electrodes;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing CV curves after processing in each step;
fig. 5 is a graph of current peaks for different concentrations.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Taking ITO electrode, placing ITO (length 1cm, width 2cm, height 0.7cm) electrode into anhydrous alcohol, ultrasonic treating for 5min, taking out, placing into deionized water, ultrasonic treating for 5min, and adding into N2Drying in the atmosphere for later use. Then taking a piece of adhesive tape (length 16mm, width 13mm), processing into a hole with diameter of 2mm by using a laser engraving machine, and measuring the currentThe thickness of the ITO electrode is 10mA, the cutting speed is 15mm/s, one end of the cut adhesive tape along the length direction of the ITO is attached to the surface of the ITO, and the modified ITO electrode is obtained for standby;
1ml of 1mg/L GO solution diluted in water, 1ml of 0.5mM HAuCl diluted in water4Mixing the solutions, and ultrasonically obtaining GO-HAuCl for electroplating4The suspension liquid is electroplated by using a CHI660E electrochemical workstation, a standard three-electrode system is adopted, an ITO electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a Pt electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode is connected with one end, which is not pasted with an adhesive tape, of the modified ITO electrode before electroplating, the other two electrodes are inserted into the liquid, and the parameters are set as follows: and setting the scanning voltage to be-0.2V, setting the scanning speed to be 50mV/s, and setting the scanning times to be 20 times to obtain the GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode.
Placing GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode in a culture dish, dripping 50 μ L of 1mM MPA solution on a small hole at one side of an electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 25 deg.C for 2.5h, finally washing residual solution on the electrode with water and using N2Carefully drying; dripping 10 μ L of 5mg/mL EDC/NHS solution into the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 25 deg.C for 1.5h, washing with deionized water, and washing with N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; dripping 5 μ L of 100ug/mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody into the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 25 deg.C for 40min, washing with deionized water, and washing with N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; 10 μ L of 10mg/mL BSA solution was added dropwise to the well on one side of the electrode tape, incubated at 4 ℃ for 30min, then washed with water and washed with N2The atmosphere was carefully dried to obtain an electrochemical sensor.
Example 2
Taking ITO electrode, placing ITO (length 1cm, width 2cm, height 0.7cm) electrode into anhydrous alcohol, ultrasonic treating for 4min, taking out, placing into deionized water, ultrasonic treating for 4min, and adding into N2Drying in the atmosphere for later use. Then, a piece of adhesive tape (with the length of 16mm and the width of 13mm) is taken, a laser engraving machine is used for processing a hole with the diameter of 1mm, the current is 25mA, the cutting speed is 10mm/s, and one end of the cut adhesive tape along the length direction of the ITO is attached to the surface of the ITO to obtain a modified ITO electrode for later use;
0.5ml of 0.8mg/L GO solution diluted in deionized water and 0.5ml of 0.4mM HAuCl diluted in deionized water are taken4The solution is mixed and ultrasonically treated to obtain GO-HAuCl for electroplating4The suspension liquid is electroplated by using a CHI660E electrochemical workstation, a standard three-electrode system is adopted, an ITO electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a Pt electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode is connected with one end, which is not pasted with an adhesive tape, of the modified ITO electrode before electroplating, the other two electrodes are inserted into the liquid, and the parameters are set as follows: and setting the scanning voltage to be 0.4V, setting the scanning speed to be 40mV/s, and setting the scanning times to be 10 times to obtain the GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode.
Placing GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode in a culture dish, dripping 50 μ L of 1mM MPA solution on a small hole at one side of an electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 20 deg.C for 2h, finally washing residual solution on the electrode with water and using N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; dropping 10 μ L of 5mg/mL EDC/NHS solution on the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 20 deg.C for 1h, finally washing with deionized water and using N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; dripping 5 μ L of 100ug/mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody into the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 20 deg.C for 30min, washing with deionized water, and washing with N2Carefully drying; 10 μ L of 10mg/mL BSA solution was added dropwise to the well on one side of the electrode tape, incubated at 2 ℃ for 20min, then washed with water and washed with N2The atmosphere was carefully dried to obtain an electrochemical sensor.
Example 3
Taking ITO electrode, placing ITO (length 1cm, width 2cm, height 0.7cm) electrode into anhydrous alcohol, ultrasonic treating for 6min, taking out, placing into deionized water, ultrasonic treating for 6min, and adding into N2Drying in the atmosphere for later use. Then, a piece of adhesive tape (with the length of 16mm and the width of 13mm) is taken, a laser engraving machine is used for processing a hole with the diameter of 1mm, the current is 10mA, the cutting speed is 20mm/s, and one end of the cut adhesive tape along the length direction of the ITO is attached to the surface of the ITO to obtain a modified ITO electrode for later use;
0.8ml of 1.2mg/L GO solution diluted in deionized water and 0.8ml of 0.6mM HAuCl diluted in deionized water4Solutions ofMixing, and ultrasonically obtaining GO-HAuCl for electroplating4The suspension liquid is electroplated by using a CHI660E electrochemical workstation, a standard three-electrode system is adopted, an ITO electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a Pt electrode is used as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode is connected with one end, which is not pasted with an adhesive tape, of the modified ITO electrode before electroplating, the other two electrodes are inserted into the liquid, and the parameters are set as follows: and setting the scanning voltage to be 0.1V, setting the scanning speed to be 60mV/s, and setting the scanning times to be 30 times to obtain the GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode.
Placing GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode in a culture dish, dripping 50 μ L of 1mM MPA solution on a small hole at one side of an electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 30 deg.C for 2h, finally washing residual solution on the electrode with water and using N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; dropping 10 μ L of 5mg/mL EDC/NHS solution on the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 30 deg.C for 1h, finally washing with deionized water and using N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; dripping 5 μ L of 100ug/mL Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody into the small hole at one side of the electrode adhesive tape, incubating at 30 deg.C for 50min, washing with deionized water, and washing with N2Carefully drying in the atmosphere; 10 μ L of 10mg/mL BSA solution was added dropwise to the well on one side of the electrode tape, incubated at 6 ℃ for 40min, then washed with water and washed with N2The atmosphere was carefully dried to obtain an electrochemical sensor.
Effect comparison 1
The electrochemical sensor in FIG. 1 mainly comprises two parts, namely an ITO electrode modified by GO/AuNPs and a built electrochemical sensor. Wherein the GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode is formed by sticking an ITO electrode with a perforated adhesive tape on GO-HAuCl4Electroplating in the suspension; the electrochemical sensor is mainly obtained by modifying MPA, EDC/NHS, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibodies, BSA and saccharomyces cerevisiae cells layer by layer.
The GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode and the electrochemical sensor in the example are subjected to cyclic voltammetry at 1mM K3Fe(CN)6Measurements in solution were carried out using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E) using a standard three-electrode system comprising a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. In the invention, ITO is used as the materialThe electrode is a working electrode, the Ag/AgCl electrode is a reference electrode, the Pt electrode is an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode is connected with one end of the ITO non-adhesive tape before electroplating, the other two electrodes are inserted into the liquid, and the parameters are set as: the scanning voltage is set to be-0.2-0.4V, the scanning rate is set to be 50mV/s, and the scanning times are set to be 2 times.
The electrochemical characteristics of the ITO after electroplating modification are shown in FIG. 3, and the current magnitude of the cyclic volt-ampere characteristic curve of the ITO modified by GO/AuNPs is obviously improved compared with that of a bare ITO electrode, which shows that GO and AuNPs are successfully modified on the ITO electrode to prepare the GO/AuNPs modified ITO electrode.
The CV curves of the steps are drawn as shown in fig. 4, and the peak value of the current is reduced a little after the modification of each step, which may be that the non-conductive substance is modified to generate the blocking effect on the electron transfer, and the more the non-conductive substance is modified, the more the blocking effect on the electron transfer is obvious.
Effect comparison 2
In one example, the specific steps for measuring cyclic voltammetry curves of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at different concentrations are as follows:
adding 47.5g of deionized water into 2.5g of sucrose, and heating until the sucrose is completely melted; taking 10mg of saccharomyces cerevisiae in a sucrose solution, heating in water bath at 37 ℃ for 30min, then taking 1mL of saccharomyces cerevisiae cell solution for centrifugation, and setting parameters as follows: the rotating speed is 8000r/min, and the time is 5 min; washing out the centrifuged clarified solution, adding PBS to 1mL, fully shaking up, diluting the cell solution after shaking up to 10 and 100 times, and respectively taking 10uL of undiluted cell solution, 10 times diluted cell solution and 100 times diluted cell solution to a small hole on the side of the electrode stuck with the adhesive tape.
Using cyclic voltammetry at 1mM K3Fe(CN)6Measurements in solution were carried out using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E) using a standard three-electrode system comprising a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. In the invention, an ITO electrode is taken as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is taken as a reference electrode, a Pt electrode is taken as an auxiliary electrode, the working electrode is connected with one end of the ITO not-pasted adhesive tape before electroplating, the other two electrodes are inserted into liquid, and the ITO electrode, the Ag/AgCl electrode and the Pt electrode are connected with each otherThe parameters are set as follows: the scanning voltage is set to be-0.2-0.4V, the scanning rate is set to be 50mV/s, and the scanning times are set to be 2 times. And drawing CV curves of the 3 different concentrations to find out the peak value of the current.
As shown in FIG. 5, the CV curves of the 3 different concentrations are plotted, and it can be seen that the current peak values corresponding to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with different concentrations are different, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with corresponding concentrations can be detected by the change of the current peak values, which is an innovative aspect of the present invention.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an electrochemical sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing GO aqueous solution with HAuCl4Mixing the aqueous solution, and electroplating on an ITO electrode to obtain an ITO electrode A;
(2) dripping MPA solution on the ITO electrode A, and incubating to obtain an ITO electrode B;
(3) dropping the EDC/NHS solution on the electrode B, and incubating to obtain an ITO electrode C;
(4) dropwise adding a saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody solution on the electrode C, and incubating to obtain an ITO electrode D;
(5) and dropwise adding the BSA solution on the electrode D, and incubating to obtain the electrochemical sensor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the concentration of the GO aqueous solution is 0.8-1.2mg/L, and the HAuCl is added4The concentration of the aqueous solution is 0.4-0.6mM, GO aqueous solution and HAuCl4The volume ratio of the aqueous solution is 1-2: 1-2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), an electrochemical workstation is used for electroplating, and the parameters are set as follows: the scanning voltage is set to be-0.2-0.4V, the scanning rate is set to be 40-60mV/s, and the scanning times are set to be 10-30 times.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of MPA, EDC/NHS, a saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody and BSA is 1: 5-15: 0.1-0.5: 15-25.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the incubation temperature of the MPA solution is 20-30 ℃, and the incubation time is 2-3 h.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the incubation temperature of the EDC/NHS solution is 20-30 ℃ and the incubation time is 1-2 h.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the incubation temperature of the saccharomyces cerevisiae cell antibody solution is 20-30 ℃, and the incubation time is 30-50 min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the incubation temperature of the BSA solution is 2-6 ℃ and the incubation time is 20-40 min.
9. An electrochemical sensor produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of an electrochemical sensor according to claim 9 as a quantitative detection of saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
CN202111407981.8A 2021-11-19 2021-11-19 Electrochemical sensor and preparation and application thereof Pending CN114113255A (en)

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