CN114111609A - Gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on interference signal measurement method - Google Patents
Gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on interference signal measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/50—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed
- G01P3/505—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed by using eddy currents
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on an interference signal measurement method, which comprises an eddy current type speed measuring sensor, a spectroscope, a convergent lens, a collimating lens, a semiconductor laser transmitter, a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor, a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor, a data control processor and a laser power supply. When the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine changes, laser interference signals received by the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor change, and the frequency change of the laser signals is converted into the distance change between the measured blade and the semiconductor laser transmitter by utilizing Fourier inversion transformation, so that the blade tip clearance is monitored. The system has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference capability, and can meet the requirement of researchers on monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on an interference signal measurement method.
Background
Gas turbine blades are key components of gas turbines. In the operating state, the blades are subjected to the combined action of steady-state airflow force and unsteady-state airflow force. Under the condition of variable working conditions, the blade is also subjected to the action of alternating stress. Therefore, blade vibration failure often occurs, resulting in a large blade clearance, which poses a great threat to the safe operation of the gas turbine. According to the prior literature report, the blade efficiency of the turbine blade decreases by about 1.5% when the blade tip clearance is increased by 1% of the blade length. Therefore, the method has important significance for monitoring the blade tip clearance in real time and further obtaining the running state of the blade.
The traditional measurement method uses contact measurement at present, and because the turbine blade has high working environment temperature and high rotating speed, the contact measurement is difficult to measure the blade tip clearance, the traditional measurement method has large error and is difficult to control the cost.
The interference signal measurement technology fully utilizes the characteristics of high laser time and space correlation, and measures a measurement target based on the characteristic that the laser fluctuates according to the change of external light feedback. Compared with a traditional Michelson interferometer, the semiconductor laser can complete measurement only by one light path, the semiconductor laser can serve as a detector while serving as a detection light source, measurement object information can be obtained by observing the change of the power of the semiconductor laser through a photoelectric receiving sensor, the structure is extremely simple, and the measurement cost can be effectively reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on an interference signal measurement method aiming at the defects of a traditional contact type gas turbine blade tip clearance measurement system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine based on an interference signal measurement method comprises an eddy current type speed measuring sensor, a spectroscope, a converging lens, a collimating lens, a semiconductor laser transmitter, a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor, a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor, a data control processor and a laser power supply;
the eddy current type speed measuring sensor is fixed on the upper side of the measured blade and used for transmitting an output signal to the data control processor; the laser is driven by a laser power supply to emit laser, the laser reaches the spectroscope through the collimating lens, the spectroscope divides the laser into two paths through light splitting, one path is a main light path and reaches the measured blade as a detection light path, the main light path is reflected by the measured blade and returns to the semiconductor laser emitter to generate a self-mixing effect, the emitted light at the rear end is received by a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor, and the other light path is received by a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor through the converging lens; the two paths of photoelectric signals are transmitted to the data control processor, the data control processor obtains self-mixing interference signals through double-channel trans-impedance operation, and then the self-mixing interference signal frequency change is converted into the distance between the blade and the laser lens through Fourier inversion conversion.
The system is further improved in that when the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine changes, laser interference signals received by the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor change, and the system converts the frequency change of the laser signals into the distance change between the blade and a laser lens by utilizing Fourier inversion conversion, so that the monitoring of the blade tip clearance is realized.
The invention has the further improvement that the eddy current type speed sensor is fixed on the upper side of the blade to be measured, the probe is inserted into the case, when the measured rotor drives the blade to be measured to rotate, the distance between the eddy current type speed sensor and the blade is periodically changed, the output voltage is changed, and the eddy current type speed sensor transmits an output signal to the data control processor.
The invention is further improved in that the converging lens is positioned between the spectroscope and the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor and is used for converging the light path and converging the laser passing through the spectroscope to the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor.
The invention is further improved in that the collimating lens is positioned between the semiconductor laser emitter and the spectroscope and is used for collecting the laser emitted by the semiconductor laser emitter and enabling the laser to be split by the spectroscope.
The invention is further improved in that the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor and the back-end photoelectric receiving sensor are used for receiving self-mixing interference signals emitted by the semiconductor laser transmitter from different positions and transmitting the received self-mixing interference signals to the data control processor.
The invention has the further improvement that the semiconductor laser transmitter plays the roles of a light source, a detector, a spatial optical filter and an optical amplifier in the self-mixing interference measurement, has the same phase sensitivity, can generate the self-mixing interference effect under the feedback intensity of-90 dB, and is suitable for the displacement vibration measurement of the target.
The invention is further improved in that the data control processor has the functions of data receiving, storing and processing, the eddy current type speed measuring sensor, the front end photoelectric receiving sensor and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor transmit received signals to the data control processor, the data control processor obtains the rotating speed n of the blade by calculating the voltage signal pulse of the eddy current type speed measuring sensor, and the data control processor obtains the distance m between the blade to be measured and the semiconductor laser emitter by calculating the phase difference theta of self-mixing interference signals of the front end photoelectric receiving sensor and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor.
The invention further improves that the laser power supply provides an energy source for the semiconductor laser transmitter, so that the laser wavelength output by the semiconductor laser transmitter can be stably increased, thereby meeting the monitoring requirement.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention adopts a non-contact method to monitor the blade tip clearance, avoids the influence of contact type measuring line arrangement on the measuring result and is beneficial to improving the precision of the measuring result.
(2) Compared with the traditional Michelson interferometer, the Michelson interferometer does not need to be provided with an independent reference mirror, has a simpler structure, is suitable for light path alignment, and is more convenient to apply in practical engineering.
(3) The self-mixing interference of the semiconductor laser transmitter adopted by the invention has the same phase sensitivity, can still generate the self-mixing interference effect under the feedback intensity of-90 dB, and is very suitable for the displacement vibration measurement of a target.
In conclusion, the invention meets the requirement of the gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring research, can realize non-contact measurement monitoring, and provides an important guarantee for improving the technical level of the blade tip clearance measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sensor mounting position.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1-a leaf to be tested; 2-the rotor under test; 3-eddy current type speed measuring sensor; 4-a spectroscope; 5-a convergent lens; 6-a collimating lens; 7-front end photoelectric receiving sensor; 8-a data control processor; 9-a back-end photoelectric receiving sensor; 10-a semiconductor laser transmitter; 11-laser power supply; 12-a casing; 13-eddy current type speed measuring sensor lead; 14-semiconductor laser transmitter lead.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that: any technical features and any technical solutions in the present embodiment are one or more of various optional technical features or optional technical solutions, and for the sake of brevity, this document cannot exhaustively enumerate all the alternative technical features and alternative technical solutions of the present invention, and is also not convenient for each embodiment of the technical features to emphasize it as one of various optional embodiments, so those skilled in the art should know that: any technical features and any technical solutions in the present embodiment do not limit the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should include any alternative technical solutions that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of a turbine blade of a gas turbine based on an interference signal measurement method comprises an eddy current type speed measurement sensor 3, a spectroscope 4, a convergent lens 5, a collimating lens 6, a semiconductor laser emitter 10, a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7, a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor 9, a data control processor 8 and a laser power supply 11. The spectroscope 4 is positioned between the collimating lens 6 and the detected blade 1, and can divide the laser into two paths, wherein one path is used as a detection light path for detection, and the other path is received by the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7. The converging lens 5 is located between the spectroscope 4 and the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7, and is used for converging the light path and converging the laser passing through the spectroscope 4 to the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7. The collimating lens 6 is located between the semiconductor laser emitter 10 and the beam splitter 4, and is used for collecting the laser emitted by the semiconductor laser emitter 10 and splitting the laser by the beam splitter 4. The front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 and the back-end photoelectric receiving sensor 9 receive the self-mixing interference signals emitted from the semiconductor laser transmitter 10 from different positions and transmit the received self-mixing interference signals to the data control processor 8. The semiconductor laser transmitter 10 functions as a light source, a detector, a spatial optical filter, and an optical amplifier in the self-mixing interferometry. The data control processor 8 has functions of data receiving, storing and processing, the eddy current type speed measuring sensor 3, the front end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor 9 transmit received signals to the data control processor 8, the data control processor 8 obtains the rotating speed n of the blade by calculating voltage signal pulses of the eddy current type speed measuring sensor 3, and the data control processor 8 obtains the distance m between the blade 1 to be measured and the semiconductor laser emitter 10 by calculating the phase difference theta of self-mixing interference signals of the front end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor 9. The laser power supply 11 provides an energy source for the semiconductor laser transmitter 10, so that the laser wavelength output by the semiconductor laser transmitter 10 can be steadily increased, thereby satisfying the monitoring requirement.
Referring to fig. 2, the eddy current type tachometer sensor 3 is fixed on the upper side of the blade 1 to be measured, the probe is inserted into the case 12, when the measured rotor 2 drives the blade 1 to be measured to rotate, the eddy current type tachometer sensor 3 periodically changes the distance from the blade 1 to be measured, the output voltage is changed accordingly, and the eddy current type tachometer sensor 3 transmits the output signal to the data control processor 8. The semiconductor laser transmitter 10 is fixed on the upper side of the measured blade, the probe is inserted into the case 12, the main optical path is aligned to the blade tip of the measured blade 1, and the distance change between the measured blade 1 and the semiconductor laser transmitter 10 is obtained through the phase change of the self-mixing interference signal of the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor 9.
In order to further understand the interferometric signal measurement based tip clearance monitoring system for a turbine blade of a gas turbine, the operation steps will now be described.
The eddy current type speed measuring sensor 3 is fixed on the upper side of the measured blade 1, and when the measured blade 1 is monitored, the eddy current type speed measuring sensor 3 transmits an output signal to the data control processor 8. A laser power supply 11 provides a source of energy for the semiconductor laser transmitter 10. During monitoring, the semiconductor laser emitter 10 emits laser, and the laser reaches the spectroscope 4 through the collimating lens 6. The light path is divided into two paths by the spectroscope 4, wherein the main light path reaches the tested blade 1, is reflected by the tested blade 1, is received by the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor 9 and transmits a signal to the data control processor 8. The other optical path is received by the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 through the convergence lens 5 and transmits a signal to the data control processor 8. The data control processor 8 obtains the rotating speed n of the blade by calculating the voltage signal pulse of the eddy current type speed measuring sensor 3. The data control processor 8 obtains the distance m between the blade 1 to be measured and the semiconductor laser emitter 10 by calculating the phase difference theta of the self-mixing interference signals of the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor 7 and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor 9. The system can meet the requirement of researchers for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine.
Claims (9)
1. The system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine based on an interference signal measurement method is characterized by comprising an eddy current type speed measurement sensor (3), a spectroscope (4), a convergent lens (5), a collimating lens (6), a semiconductor laser transmitter (10), a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor (7), a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor (9), a data control processor (8) and a laser power supply (11);
the eddy current type speed measuring sensor (3) is fixed on the upper side of the measured blade (1) and is used for transmitting an output signal to the data control processor (8); the laser is driven by a laser power supply (11) to emit laser, the laser reaches a spectroscope (4) through a collimating lens (6), the spectroscope (4) divides the laser into two paths through light splitting, one path is a main light path and reaches the position of a detected blade (1) as a detection light path, the laser is reflected by the detected blade (1) and returns to the semiconductor laser emitter (10) to generate a self-mixing effect, emitted light at the rear end is received by a rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor (9), and the other light path is received by a front-end photoelectric receiving sensor (7) through a converging lens (5); the two paths of photoelectric signals are transmitted to a data control processor (8), the data control processor (8) obtains self-mixing interference signals through double-channel trans-impedance operation, and then the self-mixing interference signal frequency change is converted into the distance between the blade and the laser lens through Fourier inversion conversion.
2. The system for monitoring the turbine blade tip clearance based on the interference signal measurement method according to claim 1, wherein when the turbine blade tip clearance changes, laser interference signals received by the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor (7) and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor (9) change, and the system converts the frequency change of the laser signals into the distance change between the blade and a laser lens by using inverse fourier transform to monitor the tip clearance.
3. The turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on the interference signal measurement method of the gas turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the eddy current type speed sensor (3) is fixed on the upper side of the measured blade (1), the probe is inserted into the case, when the measured rotor drives the measured blade (1) to rotate, the distance between the eddy current type speed sensor (3) and the blade is periodically changed, the output voltage is changed, and the eddy current type speed sensor (3) transmits the output signal to the data control processor (8).
4. The system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade of the gas turbine based on the interferometry according to claim 1, wherein a converging lens (5) is located between the spectroscope (4) and the front photoelectric receiving sensor (7) and is used for converging the light path and converging the laser light passing through the spectroscope (4) to the front photoelectric receiving sensor (7).
5. The system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade based on the interferometric signal measurement method of the claim 1, wherein the collimating lens (6) is located between the semiconductor laser emitter (10) and the beam splitter (4) and is used for collecting the laser emitted by the semiconductor laser emitter (10) and enabling the laser to be split by the beam splitter (4).
6. The turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on the interference signal measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the front-end photoelectric receiving sensor (7) and the rear-end photoelectric receiving sensor (9) are used for receiving self-mixing interference signals emitted by the semiconductor laser emitter (10) from different positions and transmitting the received self-mixing interference signals to the data control processor (8).
7. The turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on the interference signal measurement method of the claim 1 is characterized in that the semiconductor laser transmitter (10) plays the roles of a light source, a detector, a spatial optical filter and an optical amplifier in the self-mixing interferometry, the self-mixing interferometry of the semiconductor laser transmitter (10) has the same phase sensitivity, and the self-mixing interferometry can generate the self-mixing interferometry effect under the feedback intensity of-90 dB, and the self-mixing interferometry is suitable for displacement vibration measurement of a target.
8. The turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on the interference signal measurement method is characterized in that a data control processor (8) has the functions of data receiving, storing and processing, the eddy current type speed measuring sensor (3), the front end photoelectric receiving sensor (7) and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor (8) transmit received signals to the data control processor (8), the data control processor (8) obtains the blade rotating speed n by calculating voltage signal pulses of the eddy current type speed measuring sensor (3), and the data control processor (8) obtains the distance m between the measured blade (1) and the semiconductor laser emitter (10) by calculating the phase difference theta between the self-mixing interference signals of the front end photoelectric receiving sensor (7) and the rear end photoelectric receiving sensor (8).
9. The system for monitoring the blade tip clearance of the turbine blade based on the interferometry according to claim 1, wherein the laser power source (11) provides an energy source for the semiconductor laser transmitter (10), so that the laser wavelength output by the semiconductor laser transmitter (10) can be steadily increased to meet the monitoring requirement.
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| CN202111401712.0A CN114111609A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Gas turbine blade tip clearance monitoring system based on interference signal measurement method |
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