CN114107747A - Preparation method of novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling - Google Patents
Preparation method of novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling Download PDFInfo
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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Abstract
A preparation method of a novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling comprises the following steps of 1) smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: si: 0.5-1.5%, Mg: 0.1-2.0%, Fe: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 0.05-0.5%, Cu: 0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; moreover, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; 2) reinforcing the nano particles; 3) spray deposition and continuous casting; 4) cooling; 5) carrying out first hot rolling; 6) carrying out second hot rolling; 7) coiling; 8) and (5) post-treatment. Compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip cast-rolled by the spray deposition combined double-roll thin strip casting-rolling process has the advantages that the strength is higher by more than 25%, and the formability is higher by more than 35%; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 50 percent can be easily realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting.
Background
The thin strip continuous casting technology is a leading technology in the metallurgy field at present, and the idea was originally proposed by Henry Bessemer in 1865 (US Patent: 49053). The continuous casting of the thin strip integrates the procedures of continuous casting, rolling, even heat treatment and the like, so that the produced thin strip blank can be formed into an industrial finished product at one time through subsequent rolling, the production procedure of the aluminum alloy strip is greatly simplified, the production period is shortened, and the production process of the aluminum alloy strip is more compact, more continuous, more efficient and more environment-friendly; meanwhile, the production cost is obviously reduced, and the quality and the performance of the produced thin strip product are not inferior to or even superior to those of the traditional process.
The weight reduction of automobiles has become a major concern of countries in the world, and in recent years, technologies and innovations for realizing the weight reduction of automobiles are continuously emerging. The light weight is to reduce the net quality of the whole automobile as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety performance of the automobile, so as to improve the dynamic performance of the automobile and reduce the energy consumption of the automobile in the running process, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction. The net quality of the whole automobile is reduced by 10%, and the fuel efficiency can be improved by 6-8%; when the whole vehicle mass is reduced by 100kg, the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers can be reduced by 0.3-0.6L. Nowadays, energy conservation and emission reduction are global tasks, and automobiles are indispensable necessities in modern life, so that the light weight of the automobiles becomes the development trend of the automobiles in the world.
At present, the average energy consumption of Chinese automobiles is about 7.5L/100km, and has a certain gap with developed countries, and the national planning aims to reach 4.5L/km in 2020, is equal to the European standard and exceeds the standard set by the United states. To achieve this, it is necessary to accelerate the weight reduction of the automobile. The european automobile manufacturing industry is advancing "ultra light automobile engineering", and the united states has made a striding progress in automobile aluminization, aiming to reduce the mass of the automobile by 30% on the basis of the existing price.
Aluminum was the first material to be used as a substitute for steel, and the average amount of aluminum used for U.S. passenger cars was 28.6kg in 1960, and increased to 109kg in 1999, and reached about 160kg in 2015, and was estimated to be more than 285kg in 2025, and the body frame and cover of Audi A8 produced by Audi car company in 1994 were all made of extruded aluminum and sheet materials of the U.S. aluminum company, which was the pioneer of all aluminum passenger cars. The current data show that replacing steel with aluminum in automobile manufacturing can reduce the automobile quality by 30-40%, and if using the second generation aluminum alloy, the weight reduction effect is more excellent. Aluminum is second only to the use of steel and cast iron in automobile manufacture, while in all aluminum passenger cars the amount of aluminum rises to the second place. In addition, the new energy automobile is a new branch market for automobile industry development, and the new energy automobile is different from the traditional automobile in that the battery is adopted as power to drive the automobile to run, and the new energy automobile is limited by the weight of the power battery and the endurance mileage of the power battery, so that the requirement of light weight of an automobile body is more urgent in the aspects of vehicle design and material application. In the aspects of application technology, operation safety, cyclic recycling and the like, the aluminum alloy material with mature technology has great advantages and becomes the first choice of new energy vehicles and enterprises.
At present, automobile body sheets (ABS for short) are divided into two types, namely an inner plate and an outer plate. ABS has high requirements for the performance of an outer plate, is difficult to produce, and must have good formability, strong surface smoothness, good weldability and excellent baking hardening property.
The ABS aluminum alloy can be divided into two generations according to the performance and the production process of the ABS aluminum alloy, the first generation is generally the conventional wrought aluminum alloy produced by an ingot casting-hot rolling method, the final aluminum alloy plate and strip product is obtained by subsequent cold rolling and heat treatment, the production period is longer, about 20 days are generally needed, 27 enterprises and workshops which are built globally at present are totally built, and the aluminum alloy plate and strip product belongs to the first generation.
The second generation ABS is generally considered to be a deformed aluminum alloy plate which is prepared by a short-flow new process and has obviously improved performance. Typical short-flow new processes include a Hatzerland (Hazelett) continuous casting and rolling process, a twin-roll thin-strip continuous casting and rolling process and the like. However, the traditional horizontal twin-roll thin strip continuous casting and rolling process can only produce aluminum foil rolled strips and simpler 1XXX and 3XXX series alloy plate strip products, and cannot produce high-end 6XXX series aluminum alloy covering plate strip products for automobiles. And the traditional horizontal twin-roll casting machine has a slow speed which is usually only 1-3m/min, and the production efficiency is low.
In recent years, many famous manufacturers of twin-roll casting machines for aluminum alloy plate and strip have made many developments in increasing the casting speed and increasing the width of the plate and are aimed at improving the production efficiency and wider application fields. The more well-known companies include FataHunter, Italy and Puji, France, Speedcaster developed by FataHunterTMThe ultrathin high-speed casting and rolling machine is characterized in that: the double rollers are driven by double drives, the inclination is 15 degrees, the diameter of the casting roller is 1118mm, the plate width reaches 2184mm, the rolling force is 3000t, the maximum casting speed can reach 38m/min, and the thickness can reach 0.635mm at the thinnest. The Junbo3CM casting and rolling machine developed by Puji corporation is characterized in that: the rolling force is 2900t, the plate width reaches 2020mm, the cast-rolling thickness is 1mm at the thinnest, and the maximum cast-rolling speed is 15 m/min. However, these devices still cannot produce high-end 6XXX series aluminum alloy cladding plate and strip products for automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling, the aluminum alloy strip can realize the combined improvement of strength, elongation and formability by the preparation method, and compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the strength of the prepared 6XXX aluminum alloy strip is higher by more than 25%, and the formability is higher by more than 35%; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the weight is reduced by more than 50%; the composite material can be widely applied to the field of automobile application, particularly can be used for automobile engine covering parts, can also be used for parts such as fenders, doors, roofs, trunk lids and the like, and provides a wide space for the automobile industry in terms of light weight, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement; in addition, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be smoothly formed by using a mold which is universal with a steel plate, can be more easily deformed into a complex shape, and does not need to additionally design a mold.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting comprises the following steps:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: si: 0.5-1.5%, Mg: 0.1-2.0%, Fe: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 0.05-0.5%, Cu: 0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; moreover, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent;
2) nanoparticle reinforcement
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, then conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, flowing into a tundish, and adding hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish, wherein the addition amount of the hard particles is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid introduced into the standing furnace is 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish is 730-800 ℃;
3) spray deposition
Atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid flowing out of the tundish into fine molten drops by adopting inert gas, depositing the molten drops on the surface of a double roller, and continuously casting a double-roller thin strip to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the pressure of inert gas is 0.8-2.0MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 550-600 ℃, the diameter of a crystallization roller is 400-800mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of the casting machine is 20-80 m/min;
4) cooling down
The aluminum alloy casting strip is cooled to 410-510 ℃ through water quenching after coming out of the casting machine;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop end treatment for primary hot rolling; the first hot rolling temperature is 380-480 ℃, and the first hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Carrying out air cooling or water cooling on the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the first hot rolling, and then carrying out second hot rolling;
the second hot rolling temperature is 280-420 ℃, and the second hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm;
7) coiling
Conveying the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiling machine through a pinch roll for coiling, wherein the coiling temperature is 200-370 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching in sequence after the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled.
Preferably, in step 2), the hard particles are TiC, TiN, WC, SiC and B4C、Si3N4And BN.
Preferably, in step 3), the inert gas is one or two of nitrogen and argon.
Preferably, in step 3), the molten drop is in a solid, semi-solid or liquid state.
Further, after quenching in the step 8), aging and baking finish procedures are sequentially carried out.
Preferably, the aging is artificial aging or natural aging plus artificial aging, wherein the artificial aging temperature is 90-200 ℃, the time is 25-120min, and the natural aging time is 25-35 days.
Preferably, the baking varnish temperature is 150-220 ℃, and the duration is 20-50 min.
And performing additional artificial aging after the paint baking, wherein the temperature of the additional artificial aging is 90-200 ℃, and the time is 25-120 min.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 500-560 ℃, and the time is 8-50 min.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
Preferably, before the post-treatment step of step 8), one or more of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, edge cutting, flattening, surface inspection and plate shape inspection can be performed on the aluminum alloy plate strip.
Preferably, in step 3), the nozzle used for spray deposition is a slit linear nozzle.
Preferably, in the step 3), a vertical casting machine or a horizontal casting machine is used for the continuous casting.
Preferably, in the step 3) continuous casting process, the crystallizing roller is a copper roller, and the surface of the crystallizing roller is provided with textures, grooves or embossments.
Preferably, the surface of the crystallization roller is subjected to chromium electroplating treatment, and the thickness of the chromium plating layer is 0.05-0.10 mm.
The microstructure of the aluminum alloy plate strip is fine isometric crystal matrix structure and hard particles which are dispersed and distributed.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 150-230MPa, tensile strength of 230-310MPa, elongation of 27-36% and forming limit test (test under the specification of thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD (flash deformation resistance) under the natural aging condition of T4 or T420In the range of 27-37%.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 170-250MPa, tensile strength of 250-340MPa, elongation of 25-34% and forming limit test (test under the specification of thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD under the artificial aging condition of T60In the range of 24-34%.
After the aluminum alloy plate strip is subjected to paint baking, the yield strength is 250-290MPa, the tensile strength is 330-370MPa, and the elongation is 22-29%.
In the composition design of the 6XXX aluminum alloy plate strip, the following steps are carried out:
si: the silicon-based alloy is a main component for improving the flow property of the aluminum alloy, can greatly improve the casting property of the aluminum alloy, and can improve the tensile strength, the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy by adding a certain content of Si; however, addition of high Si content causes Si-containing hard particles in the aluminum alloy, which increases alloy brittleness and deteriorates machinability. Therefore, the Si content is controlled in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% in the present invention.
Mg: can improve the strength, hardness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy, but the addition of more Mg easily causes hot brittleness, cracks are generated in the alloy, and the formed Mg2Si will alloyAnd becomes brittle. Therefore, the Mg content is controlled in the range of 0.1 to 2.0% in the present invention.
Fe: FeAl is formed in the aluminum alloy3、Fe2The Al or Al-Si-Fe has a plate-like or needle-like structure which reduces mechanical properties and also causes the alloy to have a reduced fluidity and an increased tendency to be thermally cracked, and therefore, the Fe content is controlled in the range of 0.1 to 1.0% in the present invention.
Mn: the harmful effect of Fe can be reduced in the aluminum alloy, the sheet-shaped or needle-shaped structure formed by Fe in the aluminum alloy can be changed into a fine crystal structure, Mn can organize the recrystallization process of the aluminum alloy, the recrystallization temperature is increased, and recrystallized grains can be obviously refined; too high Mn causes segregation and also lowers the thermal conductivity. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% in the present invention.
Cu: cu is dissolved in the aluminum alloy in a solid solution manner, so that the strength, the hardness, the heat resistance and the cutting performance can be improved, and the casting flow performance can be improved; however, too high a Cu content affects the corrosion resistance and plasticity of the aluminum alloy and increases the tendency to hot cracking. Therefore, the Cu content is controlled in the range of 0.02 to 0.2% in the present invention.
The aluminum alloy liquid smelted by the method is led into a standing furnace for standing, one smelting furnace is generally used for 2-3 standing furnaces, the smelting capacity of the smelting furnace is greater than that of the standing furnace, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is fully supplied, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into the standing furnace is controlled to be 780-850 ℃. And conveying the aluminum alloy liquid from the standing furnace to the front box through a launder, degassing, filtering and flowing into a tundish. And adding hard particles with the size of 5 nanometers to 10 micrometers and the melting point higher than that of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The action mechanism of the high-melting-point nano/micron hard particles dispersed and distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix is as follows:
in the process of solidification and crystallization of aluminum alloy liquid, nano/micron hard particles at the grain boundary can effectively limit the grain growth through pinning effect, and refine grains; meanwhile, the nano/micron hard particles can also be used as effective heterogeneous nucleation points and excellent modifiers, so that the nucleation of the aluminum alloy during solidification is effectively increased, the microstructure of the aluminum alloy plate strip is optimized, and the microstructure of the formed aluminum alloy plate strip is as follows: fine equiaxed crystal matrix structure and hard particles in dispersed distribution, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy plate strip is obviously improved.
During spray deposition, the aluminum alloy liquid flowing from the tundish is introduced into a slit type linear nozzle having a slit parallel to the center line of the roll shaft of the twin roll caster in an inert gas (e.g., N)2Ar) under the action of inert gas pressure of 0.8-2.0MPa, atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into the slit type linear nozzle into fine molten drops to be deposited on the surface of the double rollers, and generating thermal conduction or thermal radiation and other thermodynamic behaviors with the outside in the flying process of the molten drops, wherein the molten drops can be in a solid state, a semi-solid state or a liquid state; and then continuously casting the aluminum alloy strip by a double-roller thin strip casting machine to obtain the aluminum alloy cast strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm.
The spray deposition and double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process combines atomization, spray deposition and double-roller casting and rolling of aluminum alloy liquid into one process, and can economically and efficiently prepare aluminum alloy strips with uniform fine grain structures and excellent comprehensive performance.
Compared with the traditional horizontal double-roller casting and rolling, the technology combining the spray deposition and the double-roller thin strip casting and rolling has the following obvious advantages:
(1) the produced aluminum alloy plate strip has the microstructure characteristic of rapid solidification, almost has no macrosegregation and almost no anisotropy, has fine equiaxed crystal structure, and the mechanical property is greatly improved after heat treatment;
(2) the density of the produced aluminum alloy plate strip is high, the density of the aluminum alloy plate strip can easily reach 97-99% after the aluminum alloy plate strip is subjected to spray deposition and twin-roll thin strip casting rolling, and the problem of cracking in the subsequent rolling process is avoided;
(3) the production efficiency is high, and the casting and rolling speed can reach more than 3 times of that of the traditional horizontal double-roller casting and rolling;
(4) the surface quality is excellent, and the problem of uneven cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the traditional horizontal double-roller casting can be avoided;
(5) the range of aluminum alloy varieties which can be produced is greatly widened, the aluminum alloy varieties which can be produced by the traditional horizontal double-roller casting and rolling are few, and the process can produce some alloys with wider solidification temperature intervals, such as 2XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX and the like, because the aluminum alloy liquid is atomized, sprayed and deposited on the surface of the crystallizing roller to form uniform fine crystal structures.
The aluminum alloy cast strip after water quenching and cooling enters a four-roll mill for first hot rolling after being cut by a pinch roll, the hot rolling temperature range is 380-480 ℃, and the reduction rate is less than or equal to 50%. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the pinch roll has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
Although the method of the present invention is described in the above embodiment as having two stands in the rolling step to achieve the target thickness, one skilled in the art can contemplate other embodiments, such as using any suitable number of hot rolling and subsequent cold rolling stands in the rolling step to achieve the appropriate product target thickness.
The post-treatment process in the step 8) comprises the processes of solution heat treatment, quenching, aging, varnish baking and the like.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be subjected to solution heat treatment and quenching, wherein the solution heat treatment temperature is as follows: 500 ℃ and 560 ℃, time: 8-50 min; the temperature range of the aluminum alloy plate strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
After the solution heat treatment and quenching, artificial aging treatment can be carried out, wherein the artificial aging temperature is as follows: 90-200 ℃, time: and 25-120 min. The condition of the aluminum alloy product after solution treatment and artificial aging is referred to as the T6 condition, which means that the final product has been solution heat treated, quenched and artificially aged.
The preparation method can select other processes before the post-treatment in the step 8), including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, leveling, surface inspection, plate shape inspection and the like, and then can perform solid solution heat treatment and quenching after reaching the final specification.
According to the requirement, after the solution heat treatment and the quenching, the aluminum alloy plate strip can be subjected to natural aging, the natural aging standing time is generally 25-35 days, and the state after the solution heat treatment and the natural aging to be basically stable is called as a T4 state or a T42 state. After natural aging, the coiled aluminum alloy product is shipped to a customer for use.
After natural aging, artificial aging can be carried out on the aluminum alloy plate strip according to the requirement so as to generate precipitation hardening. Artificial aging temperature: 90-200 ℃, time: and 25-120 min. In this case, the artificial aging is generally performed after the aluminum alloy sheet and strip are formed into an automobile part, and then the baking finish (bake hardening) may be performed, wherein the baking finish temperature range: 150 ℃ and 220 ℃, time: 20-50 min. According to the needs, the extra artificial aging after the paint baking can be completed, and the extra artificial aging temperature is as follows: 90-200 ℃, time: and 25-120 min.
The twin roll casting machine for continuous casting according to the present invention may be in the form of a vertical type or a horizontal type. The crystallizing roller for twin-roll strip casting is copper roller, and the surface of the crystallizing roller is processed into grains, grooves or embossing, etc. to raise the heat conducting efficiency of the interface and thus raise the strip casting speed. After the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, the chromium electroplating treatment is needed, the thickness of the chromium coating is controlled to be 0.05-0.10mm, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved through the chromium electroplating treatment, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
The aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled in a double-coiling mode, and also can be coiled in a Carrozier coiling mode, so that the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured. The coiling machine reel has an automatic centering function so as to ensure good coil shape when the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled and ensure smooth production.
The invention is distinguished and improved from the prior art:
the preparation of 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strips using nanoparticle reinforcement, spray deposition and twin roll strip casting processes as described in the present invention has not been directly reported.
Chinese patent CN106164308A, which is not related to the twin roll continuous casting strip process, discloses an aluminium alloy product and a method for its preparation, which aluminium alloy has at least 0.8 wt% Mn, at least 0.6 wt% Fe, and which aluminium alloy strip comprises small particles with an equivalent diameter <3 μm at a near surface, in a volume fraction of at least 0.2%.
Chinese patent CN103119184B, which is not directed to nanoparticle reinforcement treatments and the like, discloses "an improved 6XXX aluminum alloy and method of producing the same" that can be produced by preparing an aluminum alloy body for post-solutionizing cold work, cold working by at least 25%, and subsequent heat treatment, can achieve improved strength and properties.
Chinese patent CN104284745A discloses "an improved 6XXX aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof", wherein the aluminum alloy body has a "sandwich" structure with two outer regions plus one inner region, and the inner region contains particles with a concentration greater than that of the outer regions, the patent does not relate to spray deposition and nanoparticle reinforcement measures, and the microstructure of the obtained aluminum alloy is not uniform, but the microstructure of the aluminum alloy strip obtained by the invention is uniform and not layered.
Chinese patent CN200810098094 discloses "a continuous casting process of an aluminum alloy thin strip blank", and proposes that 5052 aluminum alloy can be produced by a vertical twin-roll thin strip continuous casting process, and the patent does not relate to a nanoparticle reinforcing measure and does not relate to 6XXX aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and in the solidification process, the nano/micron hard particles at the grain boundary can effectively limit the grain growth through the pinning effect, and the grains are refined; the hard particles can also be used as effective heterogeneous nucleation points and excellent modifiers, effectively increase nucleation during aluminum alloy liquid solidification, optimize microstructure, form finer isometric crystal matrix tissues and hard particles in dispersion distribution, and play roles in dispersion strengthening and improving comprehensive mechanical properties of aluminum alloy.
2. The spray deposition and double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process combines the atomization, spray deposition and double-roller casting and rolling of aluminum alloy liquid into one process, and can economically and efficiently prepare the aluminum alloy strip with compact and uniform fine grain structure and excellent comprehensive performance.
3. Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the following advantages:
a) short flow, investment saving, low cost and low energy consumption: the double-roll thin strip casting and rolling equipment can replace the traditional DC casting machine, heating furnace and hot rolling mill, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced; the occupied area is only 1/4 of the traditional flow (casting and hot rolling workshop), and the energy consumption is only 50 percent of that of the traditional flow;
b) the production efficiency is high, the processing time of the semi-finished product is greatly shortened, and 5 working procedures (1, sawing the head and the tail of the ingot; 2. homogenizing annealing (which is a long-time process and takes up to 50 hours); 3. milling a surface; 4. heating before hot rolling; 5. hot rolling), from aluminum alloy liquid to hot rolled coil, from 20 days required by the traditional flow, to 20 minutes;
c) the yield is greatly improved: greatly reducing the consumption of head cutting, tail removing and face milling, and improving the yield by more than 20 percent;
d) the production line has a high degree of flexibility: the continuous casting machine of the production line can replace the alloy at any time without stopping the machine, thereby realizing seamless transition among automobiles, industry, household appliances and products in the packaging market.
4. Compared with the product produced by the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the advantages of obvious structure performance:
a) the density is high, and macrosegregation is almost not generated: the microstructure of the produced aluminum alloy plate strip is fine isometric crystal with rapid solidification characteristic and hard particles in dispersion distribution, the density is high, and the cracking problem in the subsequent rolling process is avoided; almost no macrosegregation and almost no anisotropy exist, and the mechanical property is greatly improved after heat treatment;
b) the surface quality is good: because the spray deposition combined double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process is adopted, compared with the traditional double-roller casting and rolling (the drawing speed is only 1-3m/min), the drawing speed can be greatly improved to 20-80m/min, the problem of uneven cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the traditional horizontal double-roller casting and rolling can be avoided, the surface quality is greatly improved, and the harsh requirements of the automobile industry can be met;
c) excellent performance, obvious light weight advantage: the produced aluminum alloy plate strip has the advantages that the formability is higher than that of the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy by more than 35%, and the strength is higher than 25%; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 50 percent can be easily realized. The performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip is close to that of a steel plate, particularly, the aluminum alloy plate strip has high formability, is not easy to crack during forming, can be smoothly formed by a die which is universal with the steel plate during punch forming, can be more easily deformed into a complex shape, and does not need to additionally design the die.
5. The traditional double-roller cast-rolling aluminum alloy production usually adopts steel rollers, and the cooling and heat transfer efficiency is low, so that the drawing speed is only 1-3m/min, and the production efficiency is low.
The crystallization roller used for twin-roller thin strip continuous casting adopts a copper roller, the surface of the crystallization roller is processed into shapes such as textures, grooves or embossing, and the like, so that the interface heat conduction efficiency can be greatly improved, and the thin strip continuous casting speed can be improved; meanwhile, the width of 2200mm can be realized to the maximum, the width is really wide, and the width range required by the automobile engine covering part can be completely covered. After the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, chromium electroplating treatment is carried out, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process of vertical twin roll strip casting according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the process of the second embodiment of the present invention (horizontal twin roll strip casting).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications or improvements based on the basic idea of the invention, but within the scope of the present invention, without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the first embodiment of the present invention, a vertical casting machine is used to prepare a high-performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy strip.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from a standing furnace 3 to a front box 4 through a launder 2, flows into a tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish 7, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
After the nano-particle strengthening treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a slit type linear nozzle 9 and high-energy inert gas 11 (such as N) from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a submerged nozzle 82) The aluminum alloy flowing into the slit type linear nozzle 9 is atomized into fine droplets D and deposited into a roll gap defined by two relatively rotating and rapidly cooled twin roll thin strip casting and crystallizing rolls 10a, 10b and side closing plates 12a, 12 b. The droplets are solidified on the circumferential surfaces of the crystallization rolls 10a, 10b rotating, and then an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 having a thickness of 2-6mm and a width of 1000-. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is between 400 and 800mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 20 to 80m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll strip caster and directly enters the closed chamber 14, the closed chamber 14 is filled with inert gas to protect the aluminum alloy cast strip 15, and the anti-oxidation protection of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is realized, wherein the atmosphere of the anti-oxidation protection can be N2Ar, or other non-oxidizing gas, such as CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice2Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5 percent, and the closed chamber 14 protects the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 from oxidation to the inlet of the No. 1 pinch roll 17. An aluminum alloy cast strip 15 passes through a conveying roller way 20 on a swing guide plate 13, is cooled by a water quenching cooling device 16, enters a 1# pinch roller 17, is cut by a flying shear 18, and enters a four-roll 1# hot rolling mill 19, hot rolling is carried out, the flying shears 18 guide the cut strip heads into a waste hopper 26 through a guide plate 25, and the flying shears 18 also have the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy plate strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy plate strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again, a hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate strip with the thickness of 0.3-4mm is formed after the hot rolling, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double-coiling mode and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode to ensure the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip. The coiling machine 24 has an automatic centering function, so that good coil shape of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured during coiling, and smooth production is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal casting machine is used to prepare a high-performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy strip.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from a standing furnace 3 to a front box 4 through a launder 2, flows into a tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish 7, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
After the nano-particle strengthening treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a slit type linear nozzle 9 and high-energy inert gas 11 (such as N) from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a submerged nozzle 82) The aluminum alloy flowing into the slit type linear nozzle 9 is atomized into fine droplets D and deposited into a roll gap defined by two relatively rotating and rapidly cooled twin roll thin strip casting and crystallizing rolls 10a, 10b and side closing plates 12a, 12 b. The droplets are condensed on the circumferential surfaces of the crystallization rollers 10a, 10b rotatingThen, an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 having a thickness of 2 to 6mm and a width of 1000-. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is between 400 and 800mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 20 to 80m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll strip caster and directly enters the closed chamber 14, the closed chamber 14 is filled with inert gas to protect the aluminum alloy cast strip 15, and the anti-oxidation protection of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is realized, wherein the atmosphere of the anti-oxidation protection can be N2Ar, or other non-oxidizing gas, such as CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice2Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5 percent, and the closed chamber 14 protects the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 from oxidation to the inlet of the No. 1 pinch roll 17. The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 directly comes out of the upper roller channel 20 of the crystallizing rollers 10a and 10b, is cooled by the water quenching cooling device 16, enters the 1# pinch roller 17, is cut by the flying shear 18, and then enters the four-roller 1# hot rolling mill 19 for hot rolling, the flying shear 18 guides the cut strip head into the waste hopper 26 through the guide plate 25, and the flying shear 18 also has the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that the continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy plate strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy plate strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again, a hot-rolled aluminum alloy plate strip with the thickness of 0.3-4mm is formed after the hot rolling, and the rolled aluminum alloy plate strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double-coiling mode and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode to ensure the continuous production of the aluminum alloy plate strip. The coiling machine 24 has an automatic centering function, so that good coil shape of the aluminum alloy plate strip is ensured during coiling, and smooth production is ensured.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy strip may be subjected to a series of post-treatment processes, such as solution heat treatment, quenching, natural/artificial aging, paint baking, and the like. Other processes including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, leveling, surface inspection, plate shape inspection and the like can be performed before the post-treatment, and then a series of post-treatment processes can be performed after the final specification is reached.
The chemical components of the aluminum alloy plate strip in the embodiment of the invention are shown in table 1, and the balance of the components is Al and other unavoidable impurities. The preparation method of the embodiment of the invention has the process parameters shown in the table 2, the post-treatment process parameters shown in the table 3, and the properties of the finally obtained aluminum alloy plate strip shown in the table 4.
In conclusion, the aluminum alloy strip manufactured according to the design range and the preparation method of the aluminum alloy component provided by the invention can realize the yield strength of 150-0In the range of 27-37%.
The aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 170-250MPa, tensile strength of 250-340MPa, elongation of 25-34% and forming limit test (test under the specification of thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD (flash deformation resistance) under the artificial aging condition (T6 state)0In the range of 24-34%.
After the aluminum alloy plate strip is painted, the yield strength is 250-290MPa, the tensile strength is 330-370MPa and the elongation is 22-29 percent. Compared with the existing 6XXX aluminum alloy, the formability is higher by more than 35 percent, and the strength is higher by more than 25 percent; compared with the steel plate for the automobile, the light weight of more than 50 percent can be easily realized.
The performance of the aluminum alloy plate strip produced by the method is close to that of a steel plate, particularly, the aluminum alloy plate strip has high formability, is not easy to crack during forming, can be formed smoothly by a die which is universal with the steel plate during punch forming, can be deformed into a complex shape more easily, and does not need to additionally design the die.
The aluminum alloy plate strip produced by the method can be widely applied to the field of automobile application, such as parts of automobile engine covering parts, mud guards, automobile doors, automobile roofs, trunk lids and the like, and provides a wide space for the automobile industry in light weight, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement.
Table 1 units: weight percent of
Claims (17)
1. A preparation method of a novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: si: 0.5-1.5%, Mg: 0.1-2.0%, Fe: 0.1-1.0%, Mn: 0.05-0.5%, Cu: 0.02-0.2%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; moreover, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.15 percent;
2) nanoparticle reinforcement
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, then conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, flowing into a tundish, and adding hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish, wherein the addition amount of the hard particles is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid introduced into the standing furnace is 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish is 730-800 ℃;
3) spray deposition, continuous casting
Atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid flowing out of the tundish into fine molten drops by adopting inert gas, depositing the molten drops on the surface of a double roller, and continuously casting a double-roller thin strip to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the pressure of inert gas is 0.8-2.0MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 550-600 ℃, the diameter of a crystallization roller is 400-800mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of the casting machine is 20-80 m/min;
4) cooling down
The aluminum alloy casting strip is cooled to 410-510 ℃ through water quenching after coming out of the casting machine;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop treatment, and carrying out first hot rolling, wherein the temperature of the first hot rolling is 380-480 ℃, and the reduction rate of the first hot rolling is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Air cooling or water cooling is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the first hot rolling, then the second hot rolling is carried out, the temperature of the second hot rolling is 280-420 ℃, and the reduction rate of the second hot rolling is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm;
7) coiling
Conveying the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiling machine through a pinch roll for coiling, wherein the coiling temperature is 200-370 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching in sequence after the aluminum alloy plate strip is coiled.
2. The method of claim 1 for making a novel high performance 6XXX aluminum alloy strip by spray casting as specified in claim 1Characterized in that in the step 2), the hard particles are TiC, TiN, WC, SiC and B4C、Si3N4And BN.
3. The method for producing thin strip of high performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 3), the inert gas is one or both of nitrogen and argon.
4. The method of making a thin strip of high performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 3) the droplets are in a solid, semi-solid or liquid state.
5. The method of making a thin strip of high performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein the quenching of step 8) is followed by aging and paint baking in that order.
6. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aging is artificial aging or natural aging plus artificial aging, wherein the artificial aging temperature is 90-200 ℃, the time is 25-120min, and the natural aging time is 25-35 days.
7. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by spray casting and rolling as claimed in claim 5, wherein the baking finish temperature is 150-220 ℃ and the time is 20-50 min.
8. The method for preparing the novel high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting and rolling as claimed in claim 5 or 7, wherein the additional artificial aging is performed after the paint baking, and the temperature of the additional artificial aging is 90-200 ℃ and the time is 25-120 min.
9. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by spray casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 500-560 ℃ and the time is 8-50 min.
10. The method for producing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the temperature of the aluminum alloy strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
11. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by jet casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the post-treatment step of step 8), one or more of the processes of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, edge cutting, flattening, surface inspection and plate shape inspection can be performed on the aluminum alloy strip.
12. The method of making a thin strip of high performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy as specified in claim 1 wherein in step 3) the spray deposition atomizing nozzle is a slot type linear nozzle.
13. The method for manufacturing the thin strip of high performance novel 6XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the continuous casting is performed by using a vertical casting machine or a horizontal casting machine.
14. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by spray casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystallizing roller is a copper roller and the surface of the crystallizing roller is textured, grooved or embossed during the continuous casting process in step 3).
15. The method for preparing the novel 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip with high performance by spray casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1 or 14, wherein the surface of the crystallization roller is electro-chromized, and the thickness of the chrome-plated layer is 0.05-0.10 mm.
16. The method for preparing the novel high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by jet casting and rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstructure of the aluminum alloy strip is fine isometric crystal matrix structure and hard particles distributed in a dispersed manner.
17. The method for preparing the novel spray-cast high-performance 6XXX aluminum alloy thin strip as claimed in claim 1 or 16, wherein the aluminum alloy strip can achieve yield strength of 150-0In the range of 27-37%;
the aluminum alloy plate strip can realize yield strength of 170-250MPa, tensile strength of 250-340MPa, elongation of 25-34% and forming limit test (test under the specification of thickness of 1.0 mm) FLD under the artificial aging condition of T60In the range of 24-34%;
after the aluminum alloy plate strip is subjected to paint baking, the yield strength is 250-290MPa, the tensile strength is 330-370MPa, and the elongation is 22-29%.
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| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104651684A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Aluminum alloy structure material and preparation thereof |
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| JPH06172892A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1994-06-21 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Production of ultrasonic aluminum particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite material by hot extrusion processing and hot rolling processing and processing method therefor |
| CN103866165A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Isotropical high-strength high-toughness particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104651684A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Aluminum alloy structure material and preparation thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114672686A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-28 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method of additional nano-particle reinforced cast aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN114672686B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-10-28 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method of additional nano-particle reinforced cast aluminum-lithium alloy |
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