CN114107598A - Electric arc furnace smelting method based on hot charging molten iron - Google Patents
Electric arc furnace smelting method based on hot charging molten iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107598A CN114107598A CN202111465840.1A CN202111465840A CN114107598A CN 114107598 A CN114107598 A CN 114107598A CN 202111465840 A CN202111465840 A CN 202111465840A CN 114107598 A CN114107598 A CN 114107598A
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- smelting
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method based on a hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps: adding scrap steel into an electric furnace and then immediately adding molten iron; adding the 1 st slag after the electric furnace starts to be in arc, and adding the 2 nd slag before the electric furnace sprays carbon to make foam slag; when the smelting process enters the final stage of melting, carbon powder is injected to make foam slag until the melting stage is finished; and when the smelting process enters an oxidation period, adding the 3 rd batch of slag material, and continuously spraying carbon to make foam slag. The invention improves the service life of the refractory lining of the inner wall of the electric arc furnace; the method is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency, reducing the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting and reducing the smelting cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a smelting method based on a hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace.
Background
In 2020, the yield of crude steel in China reaches 10.65 hundred million tons, and the total carbon emission amount exceeds 18 hundred million tons. From the process flow, the process flow of the steel industry in China is mainly a blast furnace-converter long-flow process with high carbon emission, and accounts for about 90%, while the electric furnace short-flow process with low emission only accounts for 10%. From the process, the carbon emission of the pre-iron process is over 70 percent, and the pre-iron process is mainly concentrated in the iron making and coking processes. The steel industry, as a supporting industry for supporting the development of national economy, faces a number of challenges in the development of low-carbon transformation. Because of the influence of raw material structure and smelting process, the carbon dioxide emission per ton of steel in electric furnace steelmaking is only 30% of that in blast furnace-converter steelmaking.
The electric furnace is a steelmaking method using waste steel as a main raw material, the waste steel is melted by heat generated by an electrode, and decarburization and foam slag smelting are carried out by combining oxygen supply and carbon spraying. In the smelting process of the electric furnace, the foam slag can effectively prolong the service life of the water-cooled furnace wall and the furnace cover, reduce energy loss and shorten the smelting period. At present, in the process of smelting the whole steel scrap, because the carbon content in the steel scrap raw material is very low, the operations of carbon spraying, oxygen supply and the like of an electric furnace do not need to consider the influence of high carbon-containing raw materials such as molten iron, pig iron and the like. At present, because the price of scrap steel is high and many enterprises have surplus molten iron, the mode of adopting the raw materials of the scrap steel and the molten iron to carry out electric furnace smelting is a normalized mode. Because of the difference of the types and the components of the raw materials and the difference of the supply amount of molten iron, the time node of carbon spraying of the electric furnace and the flow rate of carbon spraying and oxygen supply are greatly changed, which causes the smelting process of electric furnace steelmaking enterprises to be greatly different, thereby greatly influencing the power consumption and the electrode consumption and bringing a plurality of problems to the electric furnace smelting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the smelting method of the electric arc furnace based on hot charging molten iron, which improves the service life of the refractory lining of the inner wall of the electric arc furnace; the method is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency, reducing the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting and reducing the smelting cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a smelting method based on a hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace and then immediately adding molten iron;
step 2) adding the 1 st slag after the electric furnace is started, and adding the 2 nd slag before the electric furnace is sprayed with carbon to produce foam slag;
step 3), when the smelting process enters the final stage of melting, blowing carbon powder to make foam slag until the end of the melting stage;
and 4) when the smelting process enters an oxidation period, adding the 3 rd batch of slag materials, and continuously spraying carbon to make foam slag.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 2), the addition amount of the 1 st batch of slag materials is 20-25 kg/t of molten steel of lime and 7-10 kg/t of molten steel of dolomite;
the addition amount of the 2 nd batch of slag charge is 7-9 kg/t molten steel of lime and 4-6 kg/t molten steel of dolomite.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3), when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 60-80 kWh/t in the electric furnace melting period, the electric furnace smelting enters the final melting stage and carbon spraying is started to produce foam slag.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3), when carbon is sprayed to produce foam slag at the final stage of melting, the spraying flow rate of the carbon powder is 25-35 kg/min.
According to the technical scheme, carbon is supplied in the last stage of melting, carbon powder starts to be sprayed when the carbon content in molten steel is reduced to 1.0% -1.2%, the carbon spraying time is 4-6 min, and when the power consumption reaches 150-170 kWh/t, the electric furnace smelting enters an oxidation heating period.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 4), the electric furnace is not required to be powered for 2-4 min before the oxidation period of smelting.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 4), power supply operation is carried out before the 3 rd batch of slag is added in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, and the adding amount of the 3 rd batch of slag is 5-8 kg/t of molten steel.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 4), carbon powder is continuously injected at the flow rate of 55-65kg/min in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, the injection time is 10-14 min, and when the power consumption reaches 210-240 kWh/t, the electric furnace smelting is finished, and steel is prepared.
According to the technical scheme, the average decarburization rate is 0.08%/min-0.12%/min during electric furnace smelting, and the amount of the blown carbon powder is 7-9 kg/t molten steel.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 1), the adding amount of the molten iron accounts for 30-40% of the total amount of the molten iron and the scrap steel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is beneficial to improving the operation of the foamed slag smelted by the electric arc furnace and prolonging the service life of the refractory lining of the inner wall of the electric arc furnace by controlling a reasonable carbon supply system; the method is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency, reducing the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting and reducing the smelting cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a power supply curve diagram in an electric arc furnace smelting process of scrap steel hot-charging molten iron according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a carbon supply curve diagram in an electric arc furnace smelting process of scrap hot-charging molten iron according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the smelting method based on hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace in one embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace and then immediately adding molten iron; in the power transmission arc striking period and the melting initial period, the molten steel contains a large amount of carbon, and carbon spraying is not needed in the period;
step 2) adding the 1 st slag after the electric furnace is started, and adding the 2 nd slag before the electric furnace is sprayed with carbon to produce foam slag;
step 3) when the smelting process enters the final stage of melting, the carbon content in the molten steel is obviously reduced, the requirement of the foam slag cannot be met under the condition of oxygen supply, and carbon powder is blown to make the foam slag until the melting stage is finished;
and 4) when the smelting process enters an oxidation period, adding 3 rd batch of slag materials, and continuously spraying carbon to produce foam slag at the stage.
Further, in the step 2), the adding amount of the 1 st batch of slag charge is 20-25 kg/t molten steel of lime and 7-10 kg/t molten steel of dolomite;
the addition amount of the 2 nd batch of slag charge is 7-9 kg/t molten steel of lime and 4-6 kg/t molten steel of dolomite.
In the step 1), the adding amount of the molten iron accounts for 30-40% of the total amount of the molten iron and the scrap steel.
Furthermore, 20-25 kg/t of lime in molten steel means that 20-25 kg of lime is matched with each ton of molten steel, and 7-10 kg/t of dolomite in molten steel means that 7-10 kg of dolomite is matched with each ton of molten steel; lime 7-9 kg/t molten steel means that lime 7-9kg is matched with each ton of molten steel, and dolomite 4-6 kg/t molten steel means that dolomite 4-6 kg is matched with each ton of molten steel.
Further, in the step 3), when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 60-80 kWh/t in the electric furnace melting period, the electric furnace smelting enters the final melting stage and starts to spray carbon to produce foam slag.
Further, in the step 3), when carbon is sprayed at the final stage of melting to produce foam slag, the spraying flow rate of the carbon powder is 25-35 kg/min.
Further, carbon supply is carried out in the last stage of melting, carbon powder is sprayed for 4-6 min when the carbon content in the molten steel is reduced to 1.0% -1.2%, and the electric furnace smelting enters an oxidation temperature rise period when the power consumption reaches 150-170 kWh/t (also called the power consumption per ton of molten steel reaches 150-170 kWh).
Further, in the step 4), the electric furnace is not required to be powered for 2-4 min before the oxidation period of smelting.
Further, in the step 4), power supply operation is carried out before 3 rd batch of slag is added in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, and the adding amount of the 3 rd batch of slag is 5-8 kg/t molten steel of lime; 5-8 kg of lime per ton of molten steel means that 5-8 kg of lime is matched with each ton of molten steel.
Further, in the step 4), carbon powder is continuously injected at a flow rate of 55-65kg/min in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, the injection time is 10-14 min, and when the power consumption reaches 210-240 kWh/t (namely the power consumption of each ton of molten steel reaches 210-240 kWh), the electric furnace smelting is finished and tapping is prepared.
Further, when the carbon supply amount is calculated, the average decarburization rate during electric furnace smelting is 0.08%/min to 0.12%/min.
Further, the amount of the carbon powder for injection is 7-9 kg/t molten steel; it can also be called that the amount of carbon powder blown to each ton of molten steel is 7-9 kg.
In one embodiment of the invention, the electric furnace comprises the following ingredients: in this case, a common top-charging ultrahigh-power electric furnace with a tapping amount of 120t was used, the type of smelting steel was common carbon structural steel, the tapping amount of the electric furnace was 120t, the total amount of molten iron and scrap steel added was about 130t, wherein the amount of molten iron added was about 45t, and scrap steel was added from the top of the furnace at one time, and the molten iron was charged into the electric furnace by means of a molten iron chute.
The electric furnace smelting steps are as follows:
the main characteristics are as follows:
1. an arcing period: and after adding the scrap steel, starting an arc by adopting low-power transmission for 1-2 min, and adding a burner to heat the scrap steel.
2. A main melting period: and after the arcing is finished, the high power is adopted to penetrate the well to melt the steel scraps, when the electric energy consumption per ton of steel reaches 70kWh/t, most of the steel scraps are melted, the oxygen supply and the decarburization are enhanced, and after the carbon content in the molten steel reaches 1.2 percent, carbon powder is sprayed at the flow rate of 30kg/min for 4.5 min. The melting period is ended when the furnace is powered up to 160kWh/t (or the scrap is completely melted). The slag of the 1 st batch is added after power supply in the melting period, wherein the lime is 2.5 tons, and the dolomite is 1.0 ton. And 2, adding the slag of the 2 nd batch 2min before spraying carbon to make foam slag, wherein 0.9 ton of lime and 0.6 ton of dolomite.
3. And (3) oxidation period: and (3) no power supply is carried out 3min before smelting, carbon powder is injected at the flow rate of 60kg/min in the oxidation temperature rise period, the carbon injection time is 12min, when the electric furnace is powered to 223kWh/t, the melting period is ended, and steel is tapped. Wherein, the 3 rd batch of slag is added after power is supplied in the oxidation period, and 0.7 ton of lime is added.
4. The carbon powder injection amount in the electric furnace smelting process is 7.2kg/t molten steel.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and certainly, the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and therefore, the present invention is not limited by the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace and then immediately adding molten iron;
step 2) adding the 1 st slag after the electric furnace is started, and adding the 2 nd slag before the electric furnace is sprayed with carbon to produce foam slag;
step 3), when the smelting process enters the final stage of melting, blowing carbon powder to make foam slag until the end of the melting stage;
and 4) when the smelting process enters an oxidation period, adding the 3 rd batch of slag materials, and continuously spraying carbon to make foam slag.
2. The hot charging molten iron based electric arc furnace smelting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the addition amount of the 1 st slag is 20-25 kg/t molten steel of lime and 7-10 kg/t molten steel of dolomite;
the addition amount of the 2 nd batch of slag charge is 7-9 kg/t molten steel of lime and 4-6 kg/t molten steel of dolomite.
3. The hot-charging-based molten iron electric arc furnace smelting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), when the ton steel power consumption reaches 60-80 kWh/t in the electric furnace smelting period, the electric furnace smelting enters the final melting stage and starts to spray carbon for foam slag formation.
4. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), when carbon is sprayed at the final stage of melting to form foam slag, the spraying flow rate of the carbon powder is 25-35 kg/min.
5. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein carbon supply is carried out at the end of melting, carbon powder starts to be sprayed when the carbon content in molten steel is reduced to 1.0-1.2%, the carbon spraying time is 4-6 min, and the electric furnace smelting enters an oxidation temperature rise period when the power consumption reaches 150-170 kWh/t.
6. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the oxidation period of the electric furnace smelting is 2-4 min before, and power supply operation is not needed.
7. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace of claim 6, wherein in the step 4), power supply operation is performed before the 3 rd batch of slag is added in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, and the adding amount of the 3 rd batch of slag is 5-8 kg/t molten steel.
8. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), carbon powder is continuously injected at a flow rate of 55-65kg/min in the oxidation period of electric furnace smelting, the injection time is 10-14 min, and when the power consumption reaches 210-240 kWh/t, the electric furnace smelting is finished and the steel is ready to be tapped.
9. The smelting method based on the hot charging molten iron electric arc furnace of claim 1, wherein the average decarburization rate during electric furnace smelting is 0.08%/min to 0.12%/min, and the amount of the injected carbon powder is 7 kg/t to 9kg/t molten steel.
10. The electric arc furnace smelting method based on hot charging molten iron according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the amount of molten iron added is 30-40% of the total amount of molten iron and scrap steel.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014230A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-04-03 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for producing low-phosphorus high-carbon steel by duplex hot-adding slag washing for electric furnace |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103014230A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-04-03 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for producing low-phosphorus high-carbon steel by duplex hot-adding slag washing for electric furnace |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 本书编辑委员会: "《钢铁工业节能减排新技术5000问》", 31 July 2009 * |
| 王维等: "电炉降低冶炼电耗的实践", 《甘肃冶金》 * |
| 邱卫锋: "热装铁水工艺在韶钢CONSTEEL电炉的应用", 《钢铁研究》 * |
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