CN114107599B - Full scrap steel electric furnace smelting method - Google Patents
Full scrap steel electric furnace smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107599B CN114107599B CN202111472325.6A CN202111472325A CN114107599B CN 114107599 B CN114107599 B CN 114107599B CN 202111472325 A CN202111472325 A CN 202111472325A CN 114107599 B CN114107599 B CN 114107599B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting a full scrap steel electric furnace, which comprises the following steps: adding scrap steel into an electric furnace; arcing an electric furnace to supply power to the scrap steel, and preheating the scrap steel by adopting a furnace wall burner; when the electric energy consumption of ton steel reaches the specification, in the melting period of the electric furnace smelting, the electric furnace is powered on for scrap steel, and in the final stage of the electric furnace melting, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished; and (3) supplying power to the electric furnace to heat up the scrap steel, and after the power consumption meets the requirement, finishing smelting and executing tapping operation. The invention improves the service life of the refractory brick of the furnace lining, is beneficial to improving energy efficiency, can reduce the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting, and reduces the smelting cost of steel per ton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting all-steel scrap in an electric furnace.
Background
The mainstream steel making method is a long-flow process of a blast furnace-converter and a short-flow process of an electric furnace, but because of different crude steel production processes, the carbon emission per ton of steel is remarkably different, and the carbon emission per ton of steel of the converter is far larger than that of the electric furnace. At present, the proportion of converter steelmaking accounts for 90%, and the short-flow steelmaking of electric furnace steelmaking accounts for only 10%, so the electric furnace short-flow steelmaking is the direction of green development of the steel industry. The short-flow steelmaking process of the electric arc furnace takes scrap steel as a main raw material, adopts graphite electrodes to heat the scrap steel, and combines a natural gas burner to assist in melting the scrap steel. After the scrap steel is gradually melted, carbon powder is sprayed to make foam slag, and the operation procedures of supplying power and natural gas, supplying carbon, supplying oxygen, making slag and the like are concretely involved.
CN 113515354A discloses a process for smelting full scrap steel in an electric furnace, wherein the carbon powder injection amount is 4kg/t, and the oxygen supply amount is 35-40 Nm 3 And/t, the power consumption of 350-360 kWh per ton of steel can be realized. However, from the viewpoint of energy structure, it is difficult to achieve such low energy consumption. The patent CN108676963A discloses a method for smelting a full light and thin scrap steel electric furnace, the nominal capacity of the electric furnace corresponding to the process is 200-450 t, and only the total supply amount of carbon powder, oxygen and the like is provided, the specific injection node and flow are not explained in detail, and the method is lack of the field guidance effect.
In order to further improve the smelting efficiency of the electric furnace and reduce the consumption of refractory materials and electrodes in the smelting process, on the basis of the traditional electric arc furnace smelting process, the invention accelerates the melting rate of waste steel, improves the foaming effect of slag and improves the energy utilization efficiency by optimizing the operations of power supply, oxygen supply, carbon supply, slag addition and the like, thereby controlling the power consumption of the top charging electric furnace at 380-400 kWh/t and controlling the electrifying time at 35-40 min.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for smelting a full-scrap steel electric furnace, aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the service life of a lining refractory brick is prolonged, the energy efficiency is improved, the electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting can be reduced, and the ton steel smelting cost is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an electric furnace smelting method for all scrap steel comprises the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace;
step 2) adopting lower power to strike arc to supply power to the scrap steel for the electric furnace, and adopting a furnace wall burner to preheat the scrap steel;
step 3) when the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel reaches the specification, in the melting period of the electric furnace smelting, supplying power to the scrap steel by adopting high power for the electric furnace, and in the final stage of the electric furnace melting, adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished;
and 4) supplying power and heating the scrap steel by adopting higher power to the electric furnace, and performing steel discharging operation after finishing smelting when the power consumption meets the requirement.
According to the technical scheme, the proportion of heavy scrap steel in the scrap steel is 60-70%, and the proportion of light scrap steel is 30-40%.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 2), arc striking is carried out by adopting 40-60 MW power to supply power to the waste steel, a first cladding of flux material is added into an electric furnace, and meanwhile, a furnace wall burner starts to supply oxygen and natural gas is used for preheating the waste steel.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 2), after the electric energy consumption of ton steel reaches 10-20 kWh/t after arc striking, the electrode penetrates through the well, and the electric furnace enters the melting period.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3), after the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel is 220-250 kWh/t, the operation of a furnace wall burner is stopped, the electric furnace enters the final melting stage, and after a part of waste steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon for foaming slag until the melting stage is finished.
According to the technical scheme, after 75-85% of waste steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen and spraying carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 3), the time for carbon spraying and slag forming at the final stage of melting is controlled to be 2-4 min, the powder spraying and blowing flow is 120-140 kg/min, and the scrap steel melting period is finished when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 280-310 kWh/t.
According to the technical scheme, in the step 4), after the melting period is finished, adding mixed slag of lime and dolomite solvent, and adopting a carbon oxygen lance to supply oxygen and spray carbon to prepare foam slag, wherein the spraying flow rate of the powder is 140-160 kg/min, the carbon powder spraying time is 10-12 min, and when the power consumption reaches 380-400 kWh/t, the tapping operation is carried out.
According to the technical scheme, the distribution mode of the heavy steel scrap and the light and thin steel scrap in the material basket is that the heavy steel scrap is arranged in the middle of the material basket, and the light and thin steel scrap is arranged at the bottom and the top of the material basket.
According to the technical scheme, the total amount of the injected carbon powder is 17-20 kg/t molten steel in the whole smelting process of the electric furnace.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for smelting the all-steel scrap by the electric furnace can quickly melt slag, is beneficial to forming foam slag, prolongs the service life of the lining refractory brick, is beneficial to improving energy efficiency by controlling a reasonable carbon supply system and a reasonable power supply system, can reduce electric energy and electrode consumption of electric furnace smelting, and reduces the smelting cost of steel per ton.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a method for smelting a full scrap steel electric furnace in one embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace before power supply;
step 2) when the electric furnace smelting enters an arc striking period, the electric furnace is struck with lower power to supply power to the scrap steel, and a furnace wall burner is adopted to preheat the scrap steel;
step 3) when the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel reaches the specification, in the melting period of the electric furnace smelting, supplying power to the scrap steel by adopting high power for the electric furnace, and in the final stage of the electric furnace melting, adopting a carbon-oxygen gun to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished;
and 4) in the period that the electric furnace smelting enters the oxidation heating period, the electric furnace is powered by high power to heat the scrap steel, and when the power consumption meets the requirement, the smelting is finished, and the tapping operation is executed.
Further, the power supply to the scrap steel in the step 3) and the step 4) is higher than the power supply to the scrap steel in the step 2).
Further, before power supply, adding scrap steel into the electric furnace, and smelting the scrap steel by adopting an ultrahigh-power electric arc furnace; in the scrap melting stage, the smelting operation is carried out in three stages, with the lower power being used to power the scrap in the first arcing stage. In the second melting period, high power is used for supplying power to the scrap steel, and a furnace wall burner is used for preheating the scrap steel. When power is supplied to about 80% of the scrap steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen and spraying carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished. In the third oxidation heating period, higher power is adopted for heating, and when the power consumption meets the requirement, the smelting is finished, and the tapping operation is executed.
Furthermore, the proportion of heavy steel scrap in the steel scrap is 60-70%, and the proportion of light steel scrap is 30-40%.
Further, in the step 2), arc striking is carried out by adopting 40-60 MW power to supply power to the scrap steel, a first cladding flux material is added into the electric arc furnace, and meanwhile, the furnace wall burner starts to supply oxygen and natural gas to preheat the scrap steel.
Further, in the step 2), after the electric energy consumption of ton steel (the electric energy consumption of the furnace power supply divided by the actual steel tapping amount of the furnace and the proportion of the scrap steel to the total adding amount at the moment) reaches 10-20 kWh/t after the arc striking, the electrode is started to penetrate through the well, and the electric furnace enters the melting period.
Further, in the step 3), when the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel is 220-250 kWh/t, the operation of the furnace wall burner is stopped, the electric furnace enters the final melting stage, and after a part of waste steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon to make the foam slag until the melting stage is finished.
Furthermore, after 75-85% of the scrap steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is used for supplying oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished.
Further, in the step 3), the time for carbon spraying and slag forming at the final stage of melting is controlled to be 2-4 min, the spraying flow rate of the spraying powder is 120-140 kg/min, and when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 280-310 kWh/t, the melting period of the first furnace scrap steel is finished, and the second furnace scrap steel is prepared to be added;
and (3) carrying out the melting process of the scrap steel in the second furnace according to the steps 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and ending the melting period when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 280-310 kWh/t.
Further, in the step 4), after the melting period is finished, adding a mixed slag material of solvents such as lime, dolomite and the like, and adopting a carbon-oxygen lance to supply oxygen and spray carbon to prepare foam slag, wherein the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 140-160 kg/min, the carbon powder spraying time is 10-12 min, and after the power consumption reaches 380-400 kWh/t, the tapping operation is carried out.
Furthermore, the distribution mode of heavy scrap steel and light and thin scrap steel in the material basket should be that, heavy scrap steel arranges in the middle of the material basket, and light and thin scrap steel arranges in material basket bottom and top, does benefit to the electrode and arcs and reduces the impact to the lower furnace shell.
Furthermore, in the whole smelting process of the electric furnace, the total amount of the injected carbon powder is 17-20 kg/t molten steel.
In one embodiment of the invention, the electric furnace ingredients: the case uses a common top-charging ultrahigh-power electric furnace with the steel tapping quantity of 100t, the smelting steel is common carbon structural steel, and concretely, the invention provides a smelting method of a full scrap steel electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps of;
the main technical and economic indexes finally realized are as follows:
the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and certainly, the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and therefore, the present invention is not limited by the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for smelting all-steel scrap by an electric furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) adding scrap steel into an electric furnace;
step 2) arc striking is carried out on the electric furnace to supply power to the scrap steel, and a furnace wall burner is adopted to preheat the scrap steel;
step 3) when the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel reaches the specification, supplying power to the electric furnace for scrap steel when the electric furnace smelting enters the melting period, and using a carbon-oxygen lance to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting period is finished;
step 4) supplying power to the scrap steel by the electric furnace and heating, and when the power consumption meets the requirement, finishing smelting and executing tapping operation;
in the step 3), stopping the operation of the furnace wall burner after the electric energy consumption of each ton of steel is 220-250 kWh/t, enabling the electric furnace to enter the final melting stage, and after a part of waste steel is melted, adopting a carbon-oxygen lance to supply oxygen to spray carbon for foam slag making until the melting stage is finished;
after 75-85% of the waste steel is melted, a carbon oxygen lance is adopted to supply oxygen and spray carbon to make foam slag until the melting period is finished;
in the step 3), the time for carbon spraying and slag forming at the final stage of melting is controlled to be 2-4 min, the flow rate of powder spraying and blowing is 120-140 kg/min, and the melting period of the scrap steel is ended when the power consumption per ton of steel reaches 280-310 kWh/t;
in the step 4), after the melting period is finished, adding mixed slag of lime and dolomite flux, and adopting a carbon-oxygen lance to supply oxygen to spray carbon to make foamed slag, wherein the spraying flow rate of the sprayed powder is 140-160 kg/min, the carbon powder spraying time is 10-12 min, and when the power consumption reaches 380-400 kWh/t, the tapping operation is carried out.
2. The electric furnace melting method for full scrap steel according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of heavy scrap steel in the scrap steel is 60-70%, and the proportion of light scrap steel in the scrap steel is 30-40%.
3. The process for melting all scrap in an electric furnace according to claim 1 wherein in step 2) the scrap is supplied by striking an arc at a power of 40 to 60MW and adding the first flux charge to the electric furnace while the furnace wall burners are being supplied with oxygen and natural gas to preheat the scrap.
4. The process of smelting in an electric furnace for producing total scrap according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), after the electric power consumption per ton of steel reaches 10-20 kWh/t after the arc start, the electrode penetration is started and the electric furnace enters the melting phase.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the heavy scrap and the light scrap are distributed in the basket such that the heavy scrap is disposed in the middle of the basket and the light scrap is disposed at the bottom and top of the basket.
6. The method for smelting the whole steel scrap by the electric furnace according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the injected carbon powder is 17 to 20kg/t molten steel in the whole smelting process of the electric furnace.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111472325.6A CN114107599B (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Full scrap steel electric furnace smelting method |
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| CN202111472325.6A CN114107599B (en) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Full scrap steel electric furnace smelting method |
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| CN114107599A CN114107599A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
| CN114107599B true CN114107599B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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| CN114891952A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司 | Oxygen-fuel-electricity combined scrap steel premelting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20020000335A (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-05 | 이구택 | Method for producing in electric furnace |
| CN109022675B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-01-22 | 江苏飞达环保科技有限公司 | Energy supply method by using chemical energy for smelting of full-scrap steel electric arc furnace |
| CN108676963A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-10-19 | 江苏久华环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of full thin material steel scrap electric furnace smelting method and smelting system |
| CN111363887A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-03 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Process control method for electric furnace steelmaking |
| CN112430705A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Full scrap steel smelting method and equipment based on electric arc furnace |
| CN113215354B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-08-02 | 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 | Electric furnace full scrap steel smelting process |
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