CN114103647B - Method and device for evaluating residual performance of electric automobile and computer-readable storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating residual performance of electric automobile and computer-readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114103647B CN114103647B CN202111344633.0A CN202111344633A CN114103647B CN 114103647 B CN114103647 B CN 114103647B CN 202111344633 A CN202111344633 A CN 202111344633A CN 114103647 B CN114103647 B CN 114103647B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method, a device and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries; calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile; and calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile so as to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile. By implementing the invention, the efficient and reliable evaluation of the residual performance of the electric automobile is realized, and the evaluation cost consumed in the evaluation process is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for evaluating residual performance of an electric vehicle, and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
At present, the holding capacity of domestic electric vehicles exceeds 1%, the electric vehicles are increased year by year, the electric vehicles adopt motors as driving devices, and energy is provided by vehicle-mounted rechargeable batteries or other energy storage devices, so that the electric vehicles have the advantages of zero emission, high efficiency, quietness, stable operation, easy driving operation, low use and maintenance cost, wide source of required electric energy and the like, and are regarded as long-term development targets in the existing new energy vehicle technology.
With the gradual popularization of electric automobiles, the safety and durability of the vehicle-mounted power batteries are receiving more and more attention. In terms of safety, safety accidents of electric vehicles are mostly caused by explosion of aging power batteries, so how to quickly and accurately evaluate the health state of the vehicle-mounted power batteries of the electric vehicles is extremely important.
However, there is currently a lack of authoritative, low cost, rapid assessment methods within the industry for the remaining performance of electric vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method, a device and a computer readable storage medium for evaluating the residual performance of an electric automobile, which aim to solve the technical problems of how to improve the evaluation reliability and the evaluation efficiency of the residual performance of the electric automobile and save the evaluation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating remaining performance of an electric vehicle, the method comprising the steps of:
performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries;
calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile;
and calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile so as to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile.
Optionally, the step of performing a discharging test and a charging test on the power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries includes:
performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state to obtain initial charge working condition energy W of the power battery b And an initial charging condition DC resistor R b ；
Performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a high-loss state to obtain the end-point charging working condition energy W of the power battery e And end point charging regimeDC resistor R e ；
Performing discharging test and charging test on the power battery in the medium loss state to obtain charging working condition energy W of the power battery in the driving stage r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r 。
Optionally, the step of calculating according to the charging condition energy and the charging condition dc resistance to obtain the charging condition energy attenuation rate and the charging condition dc resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile includes:
will W b 、W e And W is r Substituting the energy attenuation rate into a charging working condition energy attenuation rate formula to calculate so as to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate
R is R b 、R e And R is r Substituting the expansion degree formula of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition to calculate to obtain the expansion degree of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition
Optionally, the step of calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric vehicle to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric vehicle includes:
Acquiring the travelled mileage L of the electric automobileAnd->Substituting the health degree formula of the electric automobile to calculate to obtain the health degree of the electric automobile>
L is,And->Substituting the calculated life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile to obtain the life cycle remaining driving mileage L of the electric automobile r 。
Optionally, the step of performing a discharge test on the power battery in the low-loss state includes:
controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the low-loss state is positioned to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low ；
Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Until the voltage of the power battery is in a preset stable state.
Optionally, the step of performing a charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state includes:
at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up ；
Recording real-time charging voltage U and initial charging time t in charging process 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
the initial charging working condition energy W of the power battery is obtained b The method comprises the following steps:
will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the initial charge condition energy W into a charge condition energy formula to calculate b 。
Optionally, the acquiring the motionInitial charge operating energy W of force cell b The steps of (a) include:
the method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test on the power battery in a low-loss state;
the step of performing a charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state further includes:
at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid ＝(U low +U up )/2；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
at a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference of (c).
Optionally, the power battery voltage and U after the calculation is stabilized mid The step of determining the absolute value of the difference of (a) comprises:
judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s ；
If the absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 ；
I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 ；
The DC resistor R for acquiring the initial charging working condition of the power battery b The method comprises the following steps:
u is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the initial charging condition direct current resistance R b 。
Optionally, the discharging test and the charging test are performed on the power battery in a high-loss state to obtain the end-point charging working condition energy W of the power battery e And end point charging condition direct current resistor R e The method comprises the following steps:
Controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the high-loss state is positioned to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low ；
Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the high-loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Until the voltage of the power battery is in a preset stable state;
at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up ；
Recording real-time charging voltage U and initial charging time t in charging process 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the high-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the energy into the charging condition energy formula to calculate to obtain the end point charging condition energy W e ；
The method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test on the power battery in a high-loss state;
at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid ＝(U low +U up )/2；
Stopping chargingAnd controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the high-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
at a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the high-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference;
judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s ；
If the absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 ；
I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 ；
U is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the end point charging condition direct current resistance R e 。
Optionally, the discharging test and the charging test are performed on the power battery in the medium-loss state to obtain the charging working condition energy W of the power battery in the driving stage r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r The method comprises the following steps:
controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the medium-loss state is located to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low ；
Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the medium loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Up to the power electricityThe voltage of the pool is in a preset stable state;
at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up ；
Recording real-time charging voltage U and initial charging time t in charging process 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the medium-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the energy into the charging condition energy formula to calculate to obtain the charging condition energy W in the driving stage r ；
The method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test on the power battery in the medium loss state;
at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid ＝(U low +U up )/2；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the medium-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
at a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the medium-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference;
judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s ；
If you getThe absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 ；
I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 ；
U is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the charging condition direct current resistance R in the driving stage r 。
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides an electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation device, including: the system comprises a memory, a processor and an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program which is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program realizes the steps of the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method when being executed by the processor.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method as described above.
The invention provides a method, a device and a computer readable storage medium for evaluating the residual performance of an electric automobile, wherein the method is used for acquiring the charge working condition energy and the charge working condition direct current resistance of the power battery by carrying out discharge test and charge test on the power battery of the electric automobile in different preset loss states; calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile; calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile; under the guarantee of a strict data acquisition process and a calculation process, the method realizes the efficient and reliable evaluation of the residual performance of the electric vehicle, effectively controls the evaluation cost consumed in the evaluation process, and avoids the problem that the health state of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle cannot be evaluated rapidly and accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a terminal structure of a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of the method for evaluating residual performance of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a refinement flow chart of step S10 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware environment for accelerated cycle life testing of a power cell of the present invention under vibratory heating conditions;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of an accelerated aging test for cycle life of a power battery under vibration and high temperature conditions in a second embodiment of the method for evaluating residual performance of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a damping curve of charge and discharge capacity of a power battery versus charge and discharge cycle number under vibration and high temperature conditions in a second embodiment of the method for evaluating residual performance of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The main solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are: an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method comprises the following steps:
Performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries;
calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile;
and calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile so as to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile.
As electric vehicles are increasingly popular, safety and durability of the vehicle-mounted power battery thereof are receiving attention. In terms of safety, safety accidents of electric vehicles are mostly caused by explosion of aging power batteries, so how to quickly and accurately evaluate the health state of the vehicle-mounted power batteries of the electric vehicles is extremely important. However, there is currently a lack of authoritative, low cost, rapid assessment methods within the industry for the remaining performance of electric vehicles.
The invention provides an electric automobile residual performance evaluation method, which comprises the steps of performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of an electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain the charge working condition energy and the charge working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries; calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile; calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile; under the guarantee of a strict data acquisition process and a calculation process, the method realizes the efficient and reliable evaluation of the residual performance of the electric vehicle, effectively controls the evaluation cost consumed in the evaluation process, and avoids the problem that the health state of the vehicle-mounted power battery of the electric vehicle cannot be evaluated rapidly and accurately.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a terminal structure of a hardware running environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The terminal of the embodiment of the invention can be a PC, or can be terminal equipment such as a tablet personal computer, a portable computer and the like with a display function, a network connection function and a data operation function.
As shown in fig. 1, the terminal may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a network interface 1004, a user interface 1003, a memory 1005, a communication bus 1002. Wherein the communication bus 1002 is used to enable connected communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a Display, an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface (e.g., WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. The memory 1005 may also optionally be a storage device separate from the processor 1001 described above.
Optionally, the terminal may also include a camera, an RF (Radio Frequency) circuit, a sensor, an audio circuit, a WiFi module, and so on. Among other sensors, such as light sensors, motion sensors, and other sensors. Specifically, the light sensor may include an ambient light sensor that may adjust the brightness of the display screen according to the brightness of ambient light, and a proximity sensor that may turn off the display screen and/or the backlight when the mobile terminal moves to the ear. As one of the motion sensors, the gravity acceleration sensor can detect the acceleration in all directions (generally three axes), and can detect the gravity and the direction when the mobile terminal is stationary, and the mobile terminal can be used for recognizing the gesture of the mobile terminal (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer gesture calibration), vibration recognition related functions (such as pedometer and knocking), and the like; of course, the mobile terminal may also be configured with other sensors such as a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, an infrared sensor, and the like, which are not described herein.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the terminal structure shown in fig. 1 is not limiting of the terminal and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or a different arrangement of components.
As shown in fig. 1, an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and an electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program may be included in a memory 1005 as one type of computer storage medium.
In the terminal shown in fig. 1, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for connecting to a background server and performing data communication with the background server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for connecting a client (user side) and performing data communication with the client; and the processor 1001 may be configured to call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and perform the following operations:
performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries;
calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain a charging working condition energy attenuation rate and a charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile;
And calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile so as to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile.
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the step of performing discharging test and charging test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries comprises the following steps:
performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state to obtain initial charge working condition energy W of the power battery b And an initial charging condition DC resistor R b ；
Performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a high-loss state to obtain the end-point charging working condition energy W of the power battery e And end point charging condition direct current resistor R e ；
Performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in the medium loss state to obtain the dynamic stateCharging condition energy W of power battery in driving stage r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r 。
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the step of calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate and the charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile comprises the following steps:
will W b 、W e And W is r Substituting the energy attenuation rate into a charging working condition energy attenuation rate formula to calculate so as to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate
R is R b 、R e And R is r Substituting the expansion degree formula of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition to calculate to obtain the expansion degree of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the step of calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile comprises the following steps:
acquiring the travelled mileage L of the electric automobileAnd->Substituting the health degree formula of the electric automobile to calculate to obtain the health degree of the electric automobile >
L is,And->Substituting the calculated life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile to obtain the life cycle remaining driving mileage L of the electric automobile r 。
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the step of performing a discharge test on the power battery in a low-loss state includes:
controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the low-loss state is positioned to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low ；
Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Until the voltage of the power battery is in a preset stable state.
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the step of performing a charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state includes:
at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up ；
Recording real-time charging voltage U and initial charging time t in charging process 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand still for a second preset valueTime τ 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
the initial charging working condition energy W of the power battery is obtained b The method comprises the following steps:
will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the initial charge condition energy W into a charge condition energy formula to calculate b 。
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
the method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test on the power battery in a low-loss state;
the step of performing a charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state further includes:
at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid ＝(U low +U up )/2；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
At a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference of (c).
Further, the processor 1001 may call the electric vehicle remaining performance evaluation program stored in the memory 1005, and further perform the following operations:
judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s ；
If the absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 ；
I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 ；
The DC resistor R for acquiring the initial charging working condition of the power battery b The method comprises the following steps:
u is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the initial charging condition direct current resistance R b 。
Referring to fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating remaining performance of an electric vehicle, the method comprising:
Step S10, performing discharge test and charge test on power batteries of the electric automobile in different preset loss states to obtain charging working condition energy and charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries;
referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, step S10 includes:
step S11, performing discharging test and charging test on the power battery in a low-loss state to obtain initial charging working condition energy W of the power battery b And an initial charging condition DC resistor R b ；
Step S12, performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a high-loss state to obtain the end-point charging working condition energy W of the power battery e And end point charging condition direct current resistor R e ；
Step S13, performing discharging test and charging test on the power battery in the medium-loss state to obtain charging working condition energy W of the power battery in the driving stage r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r 。
In this embodiment, the execution body is a PC, and the communication connection between the PC and the electric vehicle is used to enable the On-Board controller of the electric vehicle to cooperatively implement the steps of the method, where the On-Board controller includes, but is not limited to, VCU (Vehicle Control Unit, whole vehicle controller), OBC (On Board Charger), and BMS (Battery Management System ). The power battery can be a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a sodium-sulfur battery, a secondary lithium battery, an air battery, a ternary lithium battery or other chargeable batteries with similar characteristics and capable of being widely used for electric automobiles, and the power batteries in the states are all from the same type of electric automobiles.
In this embodiment, the low-loss power battery refers to a power battery on a new electric vehicle that is newly shipped or newly taken off line and has not been used, and therefore, the state of the power battery may be regarded as a lossless state.
The power battery in the high-loss state is in an aging diving state, and the lithium ion battery is gradually aged and the capacity is gradually reduced in the using process. During the aging process of a given protocol of the battery, the capacity fade process can be roughly divided into two phases. The first stage, the capacity decays with time or the circulation times are approximately linear; in the second phase, the rate of capacity fade suddenly accelerates, and the battery performance suddenly decays, a process commonly referred to as capacity "diving out". The turning point of the two stages is called the capacity jump point, and the power battery in the high-loss state is at the turning point.
Referring to fig. 4, in this scenario, by using three comprehensive test systems, that is, a system composed of the temperature control device and the vibration table in fig. 4, and an accelerated cycle life test of the charge-discharge test cabinet on the power battery of the electric vehicle under the vibration heating condition, the charge-discharge capacity of the power battery in each charge-discharge cycle is recorded, an attenuation curve of the charge-discharge capacity of the power battery to the number of charge-discharge cycles is drawn, linear fitting is performed, and when the charge-discharge capacity of the power battery reaches the water jump inflection point of the linear attenuation curve, the accelerated cycle life test is stopped, and the power battery in the high-loss state can be obtained at this time.
The power battery in the middle loss state is a power battery in an electric vehicle in a driving stage, namely, the power battery in the electric vehicle in a normal use stage, which needs to evaluate the residual performance of the power battery.
It will be appreciated that the purpose of the above steps is to collect the corresponding parameters of the power cell in the initial state, the aged state and the in-use state, namely the initial charge condition energy W b DC resistor for initial charging condition b Energy W of terminal charging condition e DC resistor for terminal charging condition e Charging condition energy W during driving phase r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r 。
In this embodiment, taking step S11 as an example, the step of performing a discharge test on the power battery in the low-loss state in step S11 includes:
step one: controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the low-loss state is positioned to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Until the voltage of the power battery is in a preset stable state.
It should be noted that, regarding the preset steady state, in this embodiment, the open circuit voltage of the power battery is monitored in real time, and if the voltage does not change within the preset time, the power battery is considered to be in a steady state. v is 5% -50% of the highest speed of the whole vehicle; τ 1 The value range of (2) is 30 min-5 h.
In step S11, a power battery in a low-loss state is subjected to a charging test, and initial charging condition energy W of the power battery is obtained b The method comprises the following steps:
step two: at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Recording the charge processReal-time charging voltage U, initial charging time t 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state; will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the initial charge condition energy W into a charge condition energy formula to calculate b 。
I is that 1 The value range of (2) is 0.05-1C; 1C represents the total electric quantity of the power battery, and 0.05C represents 5% of the electric quantity of the power battery; τ 2 The value range of (2) is 3 min-1 h; the energy formula of the charging working condition is as follows
Step three: repeatedly executing the first step;
the step of performing the charge test on the power battery in the low-loss state in step S11 further includes:
step four: at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid ＝(U low +U up ) 2; stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
step five: at a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state; calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference of (c).
I is that 2 The value range of (2) is 0.05-1C; i 3 The range of the value of (C) is 0.01-0.1C；τ 3 The value range of (2) is 1 min-10 min.
After obtaining the absolute value of the difference, the following steps are required to be performed:
Step six: judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the absolute value of the difference is larger than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Continuously entering the fifth and sixth steps; if the absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Step seven is entered.
In which U is as follows s The value range of the voltage regulator is 0.1-2% of the rated voltage of the power battery.
Step seven: recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the U is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the initial charging condition direct current resistance R b 。
Note that τ 4 The value range of the voltage is 1 s-60 s, and the direct current resistance formula of the charging working condition is
The parameters to be acquired in step S11 are all acquired, and the corresponding parameters in step S12 and step S13 are acquired with reference to the above steps one to seven.
Step S20, calculating according to the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate and the charging working condition direct current resistance expansion degree of the electric automobile;
In this embodiment, step S20 includes:
will W b 、W e And W is r Substituting the energy attenuation rate into a charging working condition energy attenuation rate formula to calculate so as to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate
R is R b 、R e And R is r Substituting the expansion degree formula of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition to calculate to obtain the expansion degree of the direct current resistor in the charging working condition
It will be appreciated that W has been obtained by the preceding steps b 、W e And W is r R is as follows b 、R e And R is r In this case, it is only necessary to use the value of (2) for calculation.
It should be noted that the energy attenuation rate formula of the charging condition is as followsThe expansion degree formula of the direct-current resistor under the charging condition is +.>
And step S30, calculating according to the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition, the expansion degree of the direct current resistor of the charging working condition and the travelled mileage of the electric automobile so as to obtain the health degree and the life cycle remaining travelled mileage of the electric automobile.
In this embodiment, step S30 includes:
acquiring the travelled mileage L of the electric automobileAnd->Substituting the health degree formula of the electric automobile to calculate to obtain the health degree of the electric automobile>
L is,And->Substituting the calculated life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile to obtain the life cycle remaining driving mileage L of the electric automobile r 。
It can be understood that the travelled mileage L of the electric vehicle corresponds to the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the loss state in the step S13 is located.
It should be noted that the health formula of the electric automobile is as followsWherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,/>
the life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile is as follows
In the embodiment, the power battery in the high-loss state can be rapidly and accurately obtained by performing accelerated aging and diving on the power battery under the conditions of vibration and high temperature through the combination of the three comprehensive test systems and the charge and discharge test cabinet, and a comparison basis is provided; the charging method of the electric automobile self-contained controller control current is used for rapidly testing the energy of the charging working condition and the direct current internal resistance of the charging working condition, so that the testing flow is simplified, and the testing efficiency is improved; the method comprises the steps of providing an algorithm for calculating the health of the power battery of the electric automobile by utilizing the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition and the maximum value of the expansion degree of the direct-current internal resistance of the charging working condition; the algorithm for calculating the life cycle residual driving mileage of the electric automobile by utilizing the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition and the maximum value of the expansion degree of the direct-current internal resistance of the charging working condition is also provided; the corresponding algorithm based on the health degree of the electric automobile and the residual driving mileage of the life cycle of the electric automobile is also provided; the charging working condition energy and the charging working condition direct current resistance of the power batteries of the electric vehicles in the same type and in three different loss states are obtained through the first step to the seventh step, the residual performance of the power batteries of the electric vehicles in the driving stage is accurately estimated according to the algorithm, and an authoritative, low-cost and rapid method for estimating the residual performance of the electric vehicles is provided for the industry.
Further, taking the example of the general-purpose pentadactyla on-market treasured E100 pure electric automobile model, a second embodiment of the electric automobile residual performance evaluation method of the present invention is provided, based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the embodiment includes:
firstly, running an electric automobile newly off line of Baojun E100 at a speed lower than 30km/h at room temperature, consuming electricity of a power battery to 86.5V of a set cut-off discharge voltage, and standing for more than 3 hours until the open circuit voltage of the power battery is in a stable state; the power battery of the electric vehicle is then charged with current 16A to a cut-off charge voltage of 128.5V using the on-board controllers BMS, OBC and VCU in combination. Standing for more than 30min to enable the voltage of the power battery to fall back to a stable state. Real-time charging voltage value, initial charging time and final charging time of the charging process are recorded by utilizing BMS, and initial charging working condition energy W of the electric automobile at room temperature is calibrated b ＝15.23kWh；
Discharging the electric automobile at a low speed to 86.5V of cut-off discharge voltage and standing to a stable state, charging a power battery of the electric automobile to 107.5V of median voltage by using current 16A through combined control of a vehicle-mounted controller BMS, OBC and VCU, and standing to enable the voltage of the power battery to fall back to the stable state; then, slowly charging the power battery of the electric automobile to 107.5V by using small current 2A, standing for more than 5min, allowing the voltage of the power battery to fall back to a stable state, and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the power battery after the stabilization and 107.5V; if the absolute value of the difference is larger than 0.5V, repeating the 2A small-current charging operation until the absolute value of the difference is smaller than or equal to 0.5V; recording the power battery voltage U at the moment mid1 The electric automobile is continuously charged for 10s with constant current 16A for 107.30V, and the power battery voltage U after 10s is recorded mid2 Calculating the direct current resistance of the initial charging working condition of the power battery under the condition of the normal temperature 10s and the time 16A at 107.81V
Then, the battery of the Baojun E100 pure electric vehicle is vibrated by using a three-in-one test system and a charge-discharge test cabinet (according to the method of 6.3.11 in GB/T34816-2015 electric storage battery electric performance requirement and test method for electric vehicle) and a cycle life accelerated aging test of the battery under high temperature (60 ℃) condition (figure 5), and an attenuation curve (figure 6) of the charge-discharge capacity of the battery to the number of charge-discharge cycles and a jump inflection point (1430 cycles) are obtained. Referring to the above steps, the end point charging condition energy W at the jump inflection point of the decay curve is measured e DC resistor R for terminal charging condition e Respectively calculate W e ＝9.91kWh，R e ＝60mΩ；
Finally, for a Baojun E100 electric automobile which has traveled a certain mileage (L= 64185 km), the charging condition energy W of the electric automobile in the traveling stage is respectively tested by referring to the method r DC resistor for charging condition in driving stage r Respectively calculate and obtain W r ＝14.11kWh，R r ＝40mΩ；
Calculating the energy attenuation rate of the charging working condition of the electric automobile DC resistance expansion degree of charging condition>
Calculating the health degree of the electric automobileLife cycle remaining mileage L r ：
In this embodiment, the method for evaluating the remaining performance of the electric vehicle provided in the first embodiment is applied to a specific vehicle model that has been put into use, and the health degree and the remaining life cycle mileage of the baojun E100 electric vehicle that has already traveled a certain mileage (l= 64185 km) are reflected by visual test data and calculation data, so that the characteristics of rapidness, reliability, high efficiency, practicability and the like of the method for evaluating the remaining performance of the electric vehicle provided in the first embodiment are effectively reflected.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program, and the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program realizes the steps of the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method in each embodiment when being executed by a processor.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, but of course may also be implemented by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (e.g. ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, comprising instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to perform the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.
Claims (7)
1. The electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state to obtain initial charge working condition energy W of the power battery b And an initial charging condition DC resistor R b The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in a high-loss state to obtain the end-point charging working condition energy W of the power battery e And end point charging condition direct current resistor R e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Performing discharge test and charge test on the power battery in the medium loss state to obtain the power electricityCharging condition energy W of driving stage of pool r And charging condition direct current resistor R in driving stage r ；
Will W b 、W e And W is r Substituting the energy attenuation rate into a charging working condition energy attenuation rate formula to calculate so as to obtain the charging working condition energy attenuation rate phi W The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the R is R b 、R e And R is r Substituting the expansion degree formula of the direct current resistor under the charging condition to calculate to obtain the expansion degree phi of the direct current resistor under the charging condition R ；
Acquiring the travelled mileage L of the electric automobile, and obtaining phi W And phi R Substituting the health degree formula of the electric automobile to calculate to obtain the health degree phi of the electric automobile H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the L, phi W 、φ R And phi H Substituting the calculated life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile to obtain the life cycle remaining driving mileage L of the electric automobile r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, the health formula of the electric automobile is as follows，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The life cycle remaining driving mileage formula of the electric automobile is +.>。
2. The method for evaluating the residual performance of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing a discharge test on the power battery in a low-loss state includes:
controlling the electric vehicle in which the power battery in the low-loss state is positioned to run at a preset speed v so as to discharge the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off discharge voltage U low ；
Controlling the electric automobile where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a first preset time tau 1 Until the voltage of the power battery is in a preset stable state.
3. The method for evaluating the remaining performance of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the step of performing the charge test on the power battery in the low-loss state comprises:
at a first preset current I 1 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset cut-off charging voltage U up ；
Recording real-time charging voltage U and initial charging time t in charging process 1 And terminate the charging time t 2 ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset time tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
the initial charging working condition energy W of the power battery is obtained b The method comprises the following steps:
will U, t 1 And t 2 Substituting the initial charge condition energy W into a charge condition energy formula to calculate b 。
4. The method for evaluating the remaining performance of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the initial charge condition energy W of the power battery is obtained b The steps of (a) include:
the method comprises the following steps: performing discharge test on the power battery in a low-loss state;
the step of performing a charge test on the power battery in a low-loss state further includes:
at a second preset current I 2 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches a preset median voltage U mid Wherein U is mid =（U low +U up ）/2;
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a second preset timeM tau 2 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
At a third preset current I 3 Charging the power battery until the voltage of the power battery reaches U mid ；
Stopping charging and controlling the electric vehicle where the power battery in the low-loss state is located to stand for a third preset time tau 3 Until the voltage of the power battery falls back to the preset stable state;
calculating the voltage and U of the stabilized power battery mid Is the absolute value of the difference of (c).
5. The method for evaluating remaining performance of an electric vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the calculated and stabilized power cell voltage and U mid The step of determining the absolute value of the difference of (a) comprises:
judging whether the absolute value of the difference is smaller than a preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s ；
If the absolute value of the difference is smaller than the preset stable voltage value U of the power battery s Recording the voltage U of the power battery mid1 ；
I is as follows 2 Continuously charging the power battery, and recording a fourth preset time tau 4 Voltage U of rear power battery mid2 ；
The DC resistor R for acquiring the initial charging working condition of the power battery b The method comprises the following steps:
u is set to mid1 、U mid2 And I 2 Substituting the charging condition direct current resistance formula to calculate to obtain the initial charging condition direct current resistance R b 。
6. An electric vehicle residual performance evaluation device, characterized in that the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation device includes: a memory, a processor, and an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, which when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein an electric vehicle residual performance evaluation program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the electric vehicle residual performance evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN114103647B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-10-17 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | Method and device for evaluating residual performance of electric automobile and computer-readable storage medium |
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