CN114103327A - 一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单 - Google Patents

一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单 Download PDF

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CN114103327A
CN114103327A CN202111387531.7A CN202111387531A CN114103327A CN 114103327 A CN114103327 A CN 114103327A CN 202111387531 A CN202111387531 A CN 202111387531A CN 114103327 A CN114103327 A CN 114103327A
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water
repellent
hydrophilic
liquid
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CN114103327B (zh
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张瑜佳
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Shanghai Chuhua Instrument Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Chuhua Instrument Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单，涉及医用材料技术领域，改进的无纺布包括位于上层的第一拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜和位于下层的第二拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜；第一拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜从上至下、第二拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜从下至上依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的拒水薄膜、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层、抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层；第一拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱上表面为内凹面，拒水薄膜上表面为外凸面；第二拒水‑亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱下表面为外凸面，拒水薄膜下表面为内凹面。本发明的改进的无纺布具有拒水、强吸液力、无毒无刺激、柔韧、可降解等优点，环保性好，铺单通用于妇科和男科检查，且具有强液体收集能力。

Description

一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单
技术领域
本发明涉及医用材料技术领域，具体涉及一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单。
背景技术
目前的妇科和男科检查，不使用或者使用反复清洗的布料的铺单，容易造成感染。并且这类铺单没有液体收集功能，且反复清洗后的铺单会失去原有的阻隔功能，从而增加了手术中感染的风险。
为了克服上述缺陷，现有技术中有一些铺单，在PE膜主单上设置集液袋，采用集液袋收集手术过程中产生的液体。但是，这些液体往往会在手术过程中喷溅射出，单单采用集液袋无法全面吸收、收集这些液体。且普通的铺单不能通用于妇科和男科检查，增加手术操作的不便捷性，影响手术进程。
发明内容
因此，为了克服上述缺陷，本发明实施例提供一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单，能够很好的通用于妇科和男科检查，且具有优异的液体收集功能。
为此，本发明实施例的一种改进的无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、连接抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，获得基底层；
S2、在所述基底层的抗菌纤维层的表面上旋涂亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h成膜，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成一定厚度的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层，获得亲水膜；
S3、在所述亲水膜的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层的表面上连接拒水薄膜，获得拒水-亲水膜；
S4、在所述拒水-亲水膜的拒水薄膜的表面上旋涂电子束胶，然后对电子束胶按照所需图案进行曝光处理，所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%或70-90%，曝光处理完成后放入显影液内进行显影去除曝光区域的电子束胶，获得图案膜；
S5、对所述图案膜进行反应离子刻蚀，获得具有吸液管道的残留图案膜；
S6、去除所述残留图案膜上的残留电子束胶，获得具有吸液管道的拒水-亲水膜；
S7、在所述具有吸液管道的拒水-亲水膜的吸液管道内充填亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成亲水聚氨酯吸液柱，获得拒水-亲水吸液柱膜；
S8、选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%时制备获得的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜作为上层，选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的70-90%时制备获得的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜作为下层，第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层相连接，进行热压贴合，第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的受压区域为亲水聚氨酯吸液柱，第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的受压区域为拒水薄膜，形成具有上吸液凹陷区和下拒液吸盘区的改进的无纺布。
优选地，所述抗菌纤维层的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S11、在室温下，将氧化铜加入丙酮中，磁力搅拌6-24h，然后再加入聚氨酯充分搅拌溶解，获得第一纺丝液；
S12、将所述第一纺丝液进行静电纺丝，制备获得第一纤维膜；
S13、将所述第一纤维膜置入马弗炉，在600-1000℃下加热1-1.5h，然后冷却至室温，获得抗菌纤维层。
优选地，所述亲水聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S21、将聚四氢呋喃和聚乙二醇按照质量比为1∶0.2-0.3在氮气保护下加入装有回流冷凝管和机械搅拌棒的三口烧瓶中，硅油浴加热至80℃，待充分熔化后滴加甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按照质量比8-9∶1的混合物，然后冷凝回流，机械搅拌2-2.5h，获得预聚体；
S22、在所述预聚体中加入1,4-丁二醇扩链剂和少量丙酮，机械搅拌1-2h，获得反应产物；
S23、将反应产物置入乳化机中搅拌，并缓慢加入三乙胺和去离子水，充分乳化后减压蒸馏去除丙酮，获得亲水聚氨酯乳液。
优选地，所述拒水薄膜4包括硅薄膜。
本发明实施例的一种改进的无纺布，包括位于上层的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜和位于下层的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜从上至下依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的拒水薄膜、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层、抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜从下至上依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的拒水薄膜、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层、抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层和所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层相连接；所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱上表面为内凹面，拒水薄膜上表面为外凸面；所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱下表面为外凸面，拒水薄膜下表面为内凹面。
优选地，所述拒水薄膜包括硅薄膜。
优选地，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的上表面面积比拒水薄膜的上表面面积占上表面总面积的比例小。
优选地，所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的下表面面积比拒水薄膜的下表面面积占下表面总面积的比例大。
本发明实施例的一种一次性会阴铺单，其特征在于，包括矩形盖区、左下肢袋、右下肢袋、手术区、手术孔和集液袋；左下肢袋和右下肢袋为袋状；
所述矩形盖区、左下肢袋和右下肢袋均采用上述的改进的无纺布，所述改进的无纺布的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的下表面为与皮肤接触的一面；
所述左下肢袋和右下肢袋开口处的外层袋壁分别与矩形盖区的下边缘连接；
所述矩形盖区、左下肢袋和右下肢袋的中间所围区域连接有手术区，手术区采用PE材料；
所述手术孔开设在手术区上；
所述集液袋连接在手术区上的手术孔的下方。
优选地，所述手术孔为菱形。
本发明实施例的一种改进的无纺布、制备方法及一次性会阴铺单，具有如下优点：
1.通过第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱上表面为内凹面，形成上吸液凹陷区，凹陷的吸液柱表面更利于液体通过吸液柱进行下渗，具有优异的液体吸收功能。
2.通过第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的拒水薄膜为内凹面，形成下拒液吸盘区，凸起的吸液柱表面更有利于吸取液体，当该改进的无纺布铺于人体皮肤表面时更有利于吸掉皮肤表面出液，保持皮肤干爽，而且凹陷的拒水薄膜呈现吸盘效应，提高了附着力，抗移动性好，尤其在凹陷区内原有的液体被吸收后表现更佳。
3.通过抗菌纤维层提高了该改进的无纺布的抗菌抑菌性能。
4.通过超吸水纤维层提高了该改进的无纺布的快速吸液效率和增加了能吸收液体的量。
5.本发明实施例的改进的无纺布具有拒水、无毒无刺激、柔韧、可降解等优点，环保性好。
6.一次性会阴铺单采用改进的无纺布为主材料，具有良好的拒水阻隔能力，可降低感染的风险，是一种环保铺单。通过设置左、右下肢袋将患者下肢完全装入袋中，实现从头到脚的遮蔽，有效减少了交叉感染的风险。通过设置符合人体工程学设计的菱形手术孔，能够很好的通用于妇科和男科检查。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1中改进的无纺布的制备方法的一个具体示例的流程图；
图2为本发明实施例1中改进的无纺布的一个具体示例的制备工艺流程示意图；
图3为本发明实施例2中改进的无纺布的一个具体示例的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例3中一次性会阴铺单展开时的一个具体示例的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例3中一次性会阴铺单折叠时的一个具体示例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，本文所用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在限制本发明。除非上下文明确指出，否则如本文中所使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”等意图也包括复数形式。使用“包括”和/或“包含”等术语时，是意图说明存在该特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件，而不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、组件、和/或其他组合的存在或增加。术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出项目的任何和所有组合。术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，还可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种改进的无纺布的制备方法，如图1和图2所示，包括以下步骤：
S1、连接抗菌纤维层1和超吸水纤维层2，获得基底层；
优选地，所述超吸水纤维层为采用超吸水纤维和聚酯纤维聚合形成的皮芯型复合纤维制成，皮芯型复合纤维的皮层为超吸水纤维，例如聚丙烯酸钠纤维等，芯层为聚酯纤维，从而有利于超吸水纤维层在吸水后仍然能保持原来的形状。
所述抗菌纤维层为采用抗菌聚氨酯纤维制成，制备方法包括以下步骤：
S11、在室温下，将氧化铜加入丙酮中，磁力搅拌6-24h，然后再加入聚氨酯充分搅拌溶解，获得第一纺丝液；所述第一纺丝液中氧化铜的重量百分比浓度为0.5-15%，聚氨酯的重量百分比浓度为10-23%；
S12、将所述第一纺丝液进行静电纺丝，制备获得第一纤维膜；所述静电纺丝的条件为：温度为室温，相对湿度为3-9%，第一纺丝液以0.5-1mL/h的流速输入到喷头上，喷头与接收器之间的距离为5-30cm，纺丝电压为10-35kV；
S13、将所述第一纤维膜置入马弗炉，在600-1000℃下加热1-1.5h，然后冷却至室温，获得抗菌纤维层。通过高温处理纤维膜，增大比表面积，提高了所获纤维膜的抗菌抑菌性能。
S2、在所述基底层的抗菌纤维层1的表面上旋涂亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h成膜，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成一定厚度的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3，获得亲水膜；
优选地，所述亲水聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S21、将聚四氢呋喃和聚乙二醇按照质量比为1∶0.2-0.3在氮气保护下加入装有回流冷凝管和机械搅拌棒的三口烧瓶中，硅油浴加热至80℃，待充分熔化后滴加甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按照质量比8-9∶1的混合物，然后冷凝回流，机械搅拌2-2.5h，获得预聚体；
S22、在所述预聚体中加入1,4-丁二醇扩链剂和少量丙酮，机械搅拌1-2h，获得反应产物；
S23、将反应产物置入乳化机中搅拌，并缓慢加入三乙胺和去离子水，充分乳化后减压蒸馏去除丙酮，获得亲水聚氨酯乳液。通过在添加聚乙二醇的同时，还进行充分乳化，提高了聚氨酯乳液的亲水性，具有抗凝血性好的优点。
S3、在所述亲水膜的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3的表面上连接拒水薄膜4，获得拒水-亲水膜；优选地，所述拒水薄膜4包括硅薄膜；
S4、在所述拒水-亲水膜的拒水薄膜4的表面上旋涂电子束胶，然后对电子束胶按照所需图案进行曝光处理，所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%或70-90%，曝光处理完成后放入显影液内进行显影去除曝光区域的电子束胶，获得图案膜5；优选地，所述待曝光区域中包括呈阵列排布的正方形、长方形、圆形等图形，即正方形、长方形、圆形等图形的区域被曝光，被显影去除；
S5、对所述图案膜进行反应离子刻蚀，获得具有吸液管道6的残留图案膜；所述吸液管道6的横截面为正方形、长方形、圆形等图形；
优选地，所述反应离子刻蚀的步骤包括：
S51、对所述图案膜进行快速热回流后进行离子轰击和离子反应刻蚀，在刻蚀过程中，拒水薄膜4上覆盖有电子束胶的区域被保留，没有覆盖电子束胶的区域经过离子反应刻蚀被去除，调节反应离子刻蚀参数，使刻蚀过程中仅对拒水薄膜进行充分刻蚀，刻蚀到达亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3时停止刻蚀，从而亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3上方的吸液管道6内的拒水薄膜被完全去除掉，提高了吸液管道的完整性，以提高吸液效率。
S6、去除所述残留图案膜上的残留电子束胶，获得具有吸液管道6的拒水-亲水膜；
S7、在所述具有吸液管道6的拒水-亲水膜的吸液管道内充填亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7，获得拒水-亲水吸液柱膜；
S8、选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%时制备获得的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8作为上层，选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的70-90%时制备获得的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9作为下层，从而上层表面拒水性能占主导，下层表面亲水性能占主导，其中第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的超吸水纤维层和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的超吸水纤维层相连接，进行热压贴合，第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的受压区域为亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7，第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的受压区域为拒水薄膜4，受压区域为表面凹陷区，形成具有上吸液凹陷区和下拒液吸盘区的改进的无纺布。
上述改进的无纺布的制备方法，通过上吸液凹陷区，凹陷的吸液柱表面更利于液体通过吸液柱进行下渗，具有优异的液体吸收功能。通过下拒液吸盘区，凸起的吸液柱表面更有利于吸取液体，当该改进的无纺布铺于人体皮肤表面时更有利于吸掉皮肤表面出液，保持皮肤干爽，而且凹陷的拒水薄膜呈现吸盘效应，提高了附着力，抗移动性好，尤其在凹陷区内原有的液体被吸收后表现更佳。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种改进的无纺布，可采用实施例1的改进的无纺布的制备方法制备获得，如图3所示，包括位于上层的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8和位于下层的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8从上至下依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7的拒水薄膜4、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3、抗菌纤维层1和超吸水纤维层2，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜4间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜4上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9从下至上依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7的拒水薄膜4、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层3、抗菌纤维层1和超吸水纤维层2，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜4间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜4上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的超吸水纤维层2和所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的超吸水纤维层2相连接；所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7上表面为内凹面，拒水薄膜4上表面为外凸面；所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7下表面为外凸面，拒水薄膜4下表面为内凹面。优选地，所述拒水薄膜4包括硅薄膜，硅薄膜能在一个看似缓慢但仍能被人接受的时间内完成分解，这个速度大概是每天5-90纳米，硅在水中溶解，会与水反应形成硅酸，而硅酸具有生物相容性和环境友好的特征，因此完全可以在生物医学领域进行应用。
上述改进的无纺布，通过第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱上表面为内凹面，形成上吸液凹陷区，凹陷的吸液柱表面更利于液体通过吸液柱进行下渗，具有优异的液体吸收功能。通过第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的拒水薄膜为内凹面，形成下拒液吸盘区，凸起的吸液柱表面更有利于吸取液体，当该改进的无纺布铺于人体皮肤表面时更有利于吸掉皮肤表面出液，保持皮肤干爽，而且凹陷的拒水薄膜呈现吸盘效应，提高了附着力，抗移动性好，尤其在凹陷区内原有的液体被吸收后表现更佳。通过抗菌纤维层提高了该改进的无纺布的抗菌抑菌性能，以及通过超吸水纤维层提高了该改进的无纺布的快速吸液效率和增加了能吸收液体的量。而且本改进的无纺布具有拒水、无毒无刺激、柔韧、可降解等优点，环保性好。
优选地，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7的上表面面积比拒水薄膜4的上表面面积占上表面总面积的比例小，以突出第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的干爽性能，更有利于在飞溅射出液体被快速吸收后保持干爽的表面，增加手术操作的舒适性、便捷性和安全性。
优选地，所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱7的下表面面积比拒水薄膜4的下表面面积占下表面总面积的比例大，使第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜具有快速吸液功能，且同时具备抗移动性，防止在手术过程中移动，进一步提高手术操作的舒适性、便捷性和安全性。
优选地，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的拒水薄膜4和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的拒水薄膜4均包括硅薄膜。
优选地，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的超吸水纤维层2和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的超吸水纤维层2均为采用超吸水纤维和聚酯纤维聚合形成的皮芯型复合纤维制成，皮芯型复合纤维的皮层为超吸水纤维，例如聚丙烯酸钠纤维等，芯层为聚酯纤维，从而有利于超吸水纤维层在吸水后仍然能保持原来的形状。
优选地，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜8的抗菌纤维层1和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的抗菌纤维层1均为采用抗菌聚氨酯纤维制成。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种一次性会阴铺单，如图4所示，包括矩形盖区101、左下肢袋102、右下肢袋103、手术区104、手术孔105和集液袋106；左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103为袋状，使用时可将患者的下肢装入袋中；
所述矩形盖区101、左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103均采用实施例2中的改进的无纺布，所述改进的无纺布的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜9的下表面为与皮肤接触的一面；
所述左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103开口处的外层袋壁分别与矩形盖区101的下边缘连接，可以是一体成形或无缝拼接，从而使矩形盖区101和左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103的外层袋壁共同构成一体盖布，使左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103的开口均位于盖布的下方；
所述矩形盖区101、左下肢袋102和右下肢袋103的中间所围区域连接有手术区104，手术区104采用PE材料；
所述手术孔105开设在手术区104上，用于手术操作；优选地，手术孔105为菱形，符合人体工程学设计，开孔边缘处采用无缝拼接，例如使用2.5cm医用双面胶无缝拼接，实现有效阻隔；
所述集液袋106连接在手术区104上的手术孔105的下方，用于收集手术过程中流出的液体；优选地，集液袋106与手术区104的连接处安装有定型铝条，可以任意调整集液袋的姿势，更有利于液体的收集；优选地，集液袋106的下方安装有出水嘴，用于及时排出集液袋中的液体，从而对液体可以及时清理。
上述一次性会阴铺单，采用改进的无纺布为主材料，具有良好的拒水阻隔能力，可降低感染的风险，是一种环保铺单。通过设置左、右下肢袋将患者下肢完全装入袋中，实现从头到脚的遮蔽，有效减少了交叉感染的风险。通过设置符合人体工程学设计的菱形手术孔，能够很好的通用于妇科和男科检查。
优选地，一次性会阴铺单还包括医用双面胶，设于矩形盖区101、左下肢袋102、右下肢袋103和/或手术区104上，用于使用时揭掉医用双面胶保护层可将铺单粘贴到患者身上。
优选地，如图4所示，一次性会阴铺单展开时，整体长度L1为258-262cm，例如260cm，整体高度H1为228-232cm，例如230cm。手术孔105的长度L2为13-17cm，例如15cm，高度H2为6-10cm，例如8.5cm。集液袋106的长度L3为34-38cm，例如36cm。手术孔105与集液袋106之间的间隔D1为10-14cm，例如12cm。
优选地，如图5所示，一次性会阴铺单采用扇形折叠，可以快速打开并防止打开过程中污染灭菌区域。优选地，折叠好后铺单的宽度W1为28-32cm，例如30cm，长度W2为23-27cm，例如25cm。
在进行妇科和男科检查或者手术的时候患者按照要求躺在检查台或者手术台上，张开双腿，医务打开一次性会阴铺单产品包装揭掉操作部位的双面胶，粘贴到患者裆部，露出会阴，调整集液袋的定型铝条直到满意的姿势，以便液体掉入集液袋中。将患者的双腿插入左、右下肢袋中，铺单上半部分矩形盖区盖在患者身上。铺单铺开完毕后，医务人员可以进行相关的检查或手术操作，操作过程中可以在集液袋中收集液体，约3500mL的液体，也可以使用管路连接到集液袋上的出水嘴将液体吸走。操作完毕后，需要关闭出水嘴的阀门，避免污染，将铺单拿下。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种改进的无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、连接抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，获得基底层；
S2、在所述基底层的抗菌纤维层的表面上旋涂亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h成膜，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成一定厚度的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层，获得亲水膜；
S3、在所述亲水膜的亲水聚氨酯薄膜层的表面上连接拒水薄膜，获得拒水-亲水膜；
S4、在所述拒水-亲水膜的拒水薄膜的表面上旋涂电子束胶，然后对电子束胶按照所需图案进行曝光处理，所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%或70-90%，曝光处理完成后放入显影液内进行显影去除曝光区域的电子束胶，获得图案膜；
S5、对所述图案膜进行反应离子刻蚀，获得具有吸液管道的残留图案膜；
S6、去除所述残留图案膜上的残留电子束胶，获得具有吸液管道的拒水-亲水膜；
S7、在所述具有吸液管道的拒水-亲水膜的吸液管道内充填亲水聚氨酯乳液，置于45-65℃烘箱中36-48h，然后真空干燥18-24h，形成亲水聚氨酯吸液柱，获得拒水-亲水吸液柱膜；
S8、选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的10-30%时制备获得的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜作为上层，选取所述所需图案的待曝光区域面积占总面积的70-90%时制备获得的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜作为下层，第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层和第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层相连接，进行热压贴合，第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的受压区域为亲水聚氨酯吸液柱，第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的受压区域为拒水薄膜，形成具有上吸液凹陷区和下拒液吸盘区的改进的无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抗菌纤维层的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S11、在室温下，将氧化铜加入丙酮中，磁力搅拌6-24h，然后再加入聚氨酯充分搅拌溶解，获得第一纺丝液；
S12、将所述第一纺丝液进行静电纺丝，制备获得第一纤维膜；
S13、将所述第一纤维膜置入马弗炉，在600-1000℃下加热1-1.5h，然后冷却至室温，获得抗菌纤维层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述亲水聚氨酯乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S21、将聚四氢呋喃和聚乙二醇按照质量比为1∶0.2-0.3在氮气保护下加入装有回流冷凝管和机械搅拌棒的三口烧瓶中，硅油浴加热至80℃，待充分熔化后滴加甲苯二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯按照质量比8-9∶1的混合物，然后冷凝回流，机械搅拌2-2.5h，获得预聚体；
S22、在所述预聚体中加入1,4-丁二醇扩链剂和少量丙酮，机械搅拌1-2h，获得反应产物；
S23、将反应产物置入乳化机中搅拌，并缓慢加入三乙胺和去离子水，充分乳化后减压蒸馏去除丙酮，获得亲水聚氨酯乳液。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述拒水薄膜4包括硅薄膜。
5.一种改进的无纺布，其特征在于，包括位于上层的第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜和位于下层的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜从上至下依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的拒水薄膜、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层、抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜从下至上依次包括具有亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的拒水薄膜、亲水聚氨酯薄膜层、抗菌纤维层和超吸水纤维层，亲水聚氨酯吸液柱呈阵列直立排布在拒水薄膜间，用于作为连通拒水薄膜上下表面的吸液通道；
所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层和所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的超吸水纤维层相连接；所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱上表面为内凹面，拒水薄膜上表面为外凸面；所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱下表面为外凸面，拒水薄膜下表面为内凹面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的改进的无纺布，其特征在于，所述拒水薄膜包括硅薄膜。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的改进的无纺布，其特征在于，所述第一拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的上表面面积比拒水薄膜的上表面面积占上表面总面积的比例小。
8.根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的改进的无纺布，其特征在于，所述第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的亲水聚氨酯吸液柱的下表面面积比拒水薄膜的下表面面积占下表面总面积的比例大。
9.一种一次性会阴铺单，其特征在于，包括矩形盖区、左下肢袋、右下肢袋、手术区、手术孔和集液袋；左下肢袋和右下肢袋为袋状；
所述矩形盖区、左下肢袋和右下肢袋均采用如权利要求5-8任一项所述的改进的无纺布，所述改进的无纺布的第二拒水-亲水吸液柱膜的下表面为与皮肤接触的一面；
所述左下肢袋和右下肢袋开口处的外层袋壁分别与矩形盖区的下边缘连接；
所述矩形盖区、左下肢袋和右下肢袋的中间所围区域连接有手术区，手术区采用PE材料；
所述手术孔开设在手术区上；
所述集液袋连接在手术区上的手术孔的下方。
10.根据权利要求9所述的改进的无纺布，其特征在于，所述手术孔为菱形。
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