CN114101873A - Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component - Google Patents

Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114101873A
CN114101873A CN202111464798.1A CN202111464798A CN114101873A CN 114101873 A CN114101873 A CN 114101873A CN 202111464798 A CN202111464798 A CN 202111464798A CN 114101873 A CN114101873 A CN 114101873A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
welding
regulating
deformation
stress
orthopedic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202111464798.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郭文亮
荣佑民
袁宁
许勇
吕娅
刘星
陈文兴
邹剑锋
邝稳钢
刘军祥
陈成
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CRRC Yangtze Transportation Equipment Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Yangtze Transportation Equipment Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CRRC Yangtze Transportation Equipment Group Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Yangtze Transportation Equipment Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111464798.1A priority Critical patent/CN114101873A/en
Publication of CN114101873A publication Critical patent/CN114101873A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/003Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to controlling of welding distortion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006Vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon component, which comprises a base, and a preheating mechanism, a positioning mechanism during welding, a welding head and a post-welding ultrasonic shape correcting mechanism which are sequentially arranged on the base along the X direction, wherein the preheating mechanism heats a welding area before welding, the positioning mechanism during welding is used for regulating plates in the welding area to be at a uniform height, the welding head is used for welding the plates, and the post-welding ultrasonic shape correcting mechanism is used for rolling two sides of a welding seam. The preheating device is used for heating the welded plate to a preset temperature, the temperature difference after welding is reduced, the cooling speed is reduced, the ultrasonic straightening mechanism after welding is used for carrying out ultrasonic knocking on the welded area during welding so as to increase the plastic flowing of metal in the welding seam area, the fatigue strength of a welding joint is improved, and the welding residual stress and the welding deformation are effectively reduced.

Description

Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding of railway wagon components, in particular to a device and a method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon component.
Background
The wagon compartment is mainly formed by welding structural components such as end walls, side walls, floors and the like, each structural component is generally a plate column type structure, and a plate is thin in thickness, large in length and width and generally formed by splicing a plurality of small-sized steel plates. The length of a single welding line is about 3 meters generally, and the total length of the splicing welding line of a single part can reach dozens of meters and even hundreds of meters; during welding, welding stress and deformation inevitably occur because a part of the metal is affected by a welding heat cycle of heating and cooling at a high temperature. Meanwhile, the larger the temperature difference in the welding process is, the faster the cooling is, and the larger the residual stress and welding deformation of the welding metal are. The residual stress and the welding deformation cause great adverse effects on the quality of the whole automobile. When the flame preheating device is used for preheating, the interaction between the preheating gas and the protective gas can be caused, and the welded seam has the defects of air holes and the like. Therefore, the problems of poor welding residual stress and deformation control and low welding plate positioning efficiency exist in the current welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a device and a method for regulating and controlling the welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon component, and solves the problems of poor control on welding residual stress and deformation and low positioning efficiency of a welded plate in the welding process in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the device for regulating and controlling the welding stress and deformation of the railway wagon component comprises a base, and a preheating mechanism, a positioning mechanism during welding, a welding head and a post-welding ultrasonic shape-righting mechanism which are sequentially arranged on the base along the X direction, wherein the preheating mechanism heats a welding area before welding, the positioning mechanism during welding is used for regulating plates in the welding area to be at a uniform height, the welding head is used for welding the plates, and the post-welding ultrasonic shape-righting mechanism is used for rolling two sides of a welding seam.
Furthermore, the preheating mechanism comprises a sliding guide rail fixed on the base, a sliding block slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail and a heating air pipe mounted on the sliding block through a movable clamp, and the sliding direction of the sliding guide rail is consistent with the welding advancing method.
Furthermore, positioning mechanism includes the first mount pad of installing on the base through the bolt and installs the locating rack on first mount pad in welding, and the upper portion and the middle part of locating rack are all installed on first mount pad through movable fixture, and the wheel roller that carries out the roll-in to welding region panel is installed to the lower part of locating rack.
Further, the welding head comprises a welding gun and a wire feeding mechanism, wherein the welding gun and the wire feeding mechanism are fixedly arranged on the base through a fixing clamp, and the wire feeding mechanism is connected to the lower portion of the welding gun through a bolt.
Further, the post-welding ultrasonic orthopedic mechanism comprises a second mounting seat fixed on the base through a bolt and an orthopedic device arranged on the second mounting seat, and the orthopedic device is connected with the ultrasonic generator through a cable; the upper part and the middle part of the orthopedic device are fixed on the mounting base through movable clamps; the lower part of the orthosis is provided with a correcting block which is provided with a groove in the middle along the X direction.
Furthermore, the heating air pipe inclines towards the welding direction and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction.
Furthermore, the left side of locating rack lower part has two round rollers, the right side has two round rollers, and has the gap that supplies the welding between two round rollers of homonymy.
Furthermore, the welding gun inclines towards the welding direction and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction.
The regulating and controlling method of the regulating and controlling device for the welding stress and deformation of the railway wagon component is also provided:
clamping a welding plate by using a clamp, fixing the welding plate on a welding workbench, moving a regulating device above the welding plate, regulating the distance between a welding head and the welding plate in the vertical direction, and regulating a movable clamp to enable a positioning mechanism in welding and a post-welding correcting mechanism to be in full contact with the plate;
the preheating mechanism heats the welding plate to a preset preheating temperature before welding; when the temperature of the welding area reaches a preset preheating temperature, the regulating device moves along the welding direction at a preset speed, meanwhile, the positioning mechanism rolls the plates in the welding area during welding, and the welding head welds the welded plates;
the ultrasonic straightening mechanism after welding performs ultrasonic vibration on the welded plate, and the excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the welded plate; the shape correcting block compacts the welded plate, the middle groove is not contacted with the welding line, and the two sides of the welding line are respectively compacted by the shape correcting block.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the preheating device is used for heating the welded plate to a preset temperature, the temperature difference after welding is reduced, the cooling speed is reduced, the ultrasonic straightening mechanism after welding is used for carrying out ultrasonic knocking on the welded area during welding so as to increase the plastic flowing of metal in the welding seam area, the fatigue strength of a welding joint is improved, and the welding residual stress and the welding deformation are effectively reduced.
2. During welding, the positioning device can adjust the height difference between the welded plates in real time, eliminate the defect of undercut of a welding seam, simplify the clamping process of the welded plates and obviously improve the welding efficiency of the whole plates.
3. Compared with the traditional method for eliminating the residual stress after welding, the method can eliminate the welding residual stress and deformation in the welding process, simplify the whole process flow and obviously improve the welding efficiency of the whole plate.
4. The device has high flexibility, and is suitable for regulating and controlling the welding stress and deformation of various welding modes by replacing the welding head.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a rail wagon component according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the wheel roller of fig. 1.
The welding machine comprises a base 1, a preheating mechanism 2, a positioning mechanism in welding 3, a welding head 4, an ultrasonic straightening mechanism after welding 5, a bolt hole 6, a sliding guide rail 7, a sliding block 8, a heating air pipe 9, a movable clamp 10, a first mounting seat 11, a positioning frame 12, a cable 13, a wheel roller 14, a welding gun 15, a fixed clamp 16, a wire feeding mechanism 17, a second mounting seat 18, an orthopedic device 19 and an orthopedic block 20.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The device for regulating and controlling the welding stress and deformation of the railway wagon component comprises a base 1, and a preheating mechanism 2, a positioning mechanism 3 during welding, a welding head 4 and a post-welding ultrasonic shape-correcting mechanism 5 which are sequentially arranged on the base 1 along the X direction (namely the welding advancing direction), wherein the preheating mechanism 2 heats a welding area before welding, the positioning mechanism 3 during welding is used for adjusting plates in the welding area to a uniform height, the welding head 4 is used for welding the plates, and the post-welding ultrasonic shape-correcting mechanism 5 is used for rolling two sides of a welding seam.
Bolt holes 6 are formed in four corners of the base 1, and other mechanisms are conveniently fixed on the base.
The preheating mechanism 2 comprises a sliding guide rail 7 fixed on the base 1, a sliding block 8 slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail 7 and a heating air pipe 9 mounted on the sliding block through a movable clamp 10, and the sliding direction of the sliding guide rail 7 is consistent with the welding advancing method; the heating air pipe 9 is used for conveying combustible gas, the combustible gas is ignited to heat the welding area, the length of the heating air pipe 9 in the Y direction can be adjusted by adjusting the movable clamp 10, and meanwhile, the heating air pipe 9 is inclined towards the welding direction and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction.
Positioning mechanism 3 includes and installs first mount pad 11 on base 1 and installs locating rack 12 on first mount pad 11 through the bolt in welding, and the upper portion and the middle part of locating rack 12 are all installed on first mount pad 11 through movable fixture 10, and the wheel roller 14 that carries out the roll-in to welding region panel is installed to the lower part of locating rack 12, through the length of adjustment movable fixture 10 adjustment locating rack 12 in the Y direction. Along the welding advancing direction, two rollers 14 are arranged on the left side of the lower portion of the positioning frame 12 (two rollers are arranged on the left side of the welding area), two rollers 14 are arranged on the right side (two rollers are arranged on the right side of the welding area), and a gap for welding is formed between the two rollers 14 on the same side, as shown in fig. 2.
The welding head 4 comprises a welding gun 15 and a wire feeding mechanism 17 which are fixedly arranged on the base 1 through a fixing clamp 16, wherein the welding gun 15 inclines towards the welding direction and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction; the wire feeder 17 is connected to the lower part of the welding gun through a bolt, and a tungsten electrode and protective gas are arranged inside the welding gun 15.
The post-welding ultrasonic orthopedic mechanism 5 comprises a second mounting seat 18 fixed on the base 1 through bolts and an orthopedic device 19 arranged on the second mounting seat 18, and the orthopedic device 19 is connected with the ultrasonic generator through a cable 13; the upper part and the middle part of the orthosis 19 are both fixed on the mounting seat 18 through the movable clamp 10, and the length of the orthosis 19 in the Y direction is adjusted through adjusting the movable clamp 10; the lower part of the orthosis 19 is provided with a orthosis 20, which orthosis 20 has a recess in the middle in the X-direction. When the post-welding ultrasonic shape correction is carried out, the shape correction block 20 compacts the welded plate, the middle groove is not contacted with the welding line, and the two sides of the welding line are respectively pressed tightly.
During operation, the four corners of the welded plate are clamped by the clamp and fixed on the welding workbench, the regulating device is moved to the position above the welded plate, and the distance between the welding head 4 and the welded plate in the vertical direction is regulated according to different welding modes. And adjusting the movable clamp to enable the positioning mechanism 3 and the post-welding shape-righting mechanism 5 to be in full contact with the plate during welding, heating the welded plate to a preset preheating temperature by the pre-welding preheating mechanism 2, wherein the preset preheating temperature is determined by a carbon equivalent calculation formula of the material, and meanwhile, the temperature is prevented from being 200-300 ℃.
When the temperature of the welding area reaches the preset preheating temperature, the regulating and controlling device moves along the welding direction according to the preset speed, the preset speed can be adjusted according to different materials, different welding modes and welding quality, meanwhile, the positioning mechanism 3 rolls the plates in the welding area in the welding process, the height difference of the welded plates is reduced, and the welding head 4 welds the welded plates.
The ultrasonic straightening mechanism 5 after welding performs ultrasonic vibration on the welded plate, the excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the welded plate, when the welded plate resonates at the ultrasonic frequency, the system consumes the minimum energy to enable the plate to obtain the maximum excitation energy, the more intense the internal crystal grain movement is, the more excitation energy is obtained, and therefore the more residual stress in the plate is eliminated, and the best residual stress elimination effect is achieved.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a railway freight car component welding stress and deformation regulation and control device which characterized in that: including base (1), and arrange preheating mechanism (2), welding in positioning mechanism (3), soldered connection (4) and the back of welding supersound orthopedic mechanism (5) on base (1) along the X direction in proper order, preheating mechanism (2) heats the welding zone before the welding, and positioning mechanism (3) are used for adjusting the panel in welding zone to uniform height in the welding, and soldered connection (4) are used for welding panel, and back of welding supersound orthopedic mechanism (5) are used for rolling the welding seam both sides.
2. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preheating mechanism (2) comprises a sliding guide rail (7) fixed on the base (1), a sliding block (8) installed on the sliding guide rail (7) in a sliding mode, and a heating air pipe (9) installed on the sliding block through a movable clamp (10), and the sliding direction of the sliding guide rail (7) is consistent with the welding advancing method.
3. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 1, wherein: welding middle positioning mechanism (3) include through bolt installation first mount pad (11) on base (1) and install locating rack (12) on first mount pad (11), the upper portion and the middle part of locating rack (12) are all installed on first mount pad (11) through movable fixture (10), wheel roller (14) that carry out the roll-in to welding regional panel are installed to the lower part of locating rack (12).
4. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the welding head (4) comprises a welding gun (15) and a wire feeding mechanism (17) which are fixedly arranged on the base (1) through a fixing clamp (16), and the wire feeding mechanism (17) is connected to the lower portion of the welding gun through a bolt.
5. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the post-welding ultrasonic orthopedic mechanism (5) comprises a second mounting seat (18) fixed on the base (1) through bolts and an orthopedic device (19) mounted on the second mounting seat (18), the orthopedic device (19) is connected with an ultrasonic generator through a cable (13), the upper portion and the middle portion of the orthopedic device (19) are fixed on the mounting seat (18) through movable clamps (10), an orthopedic block (20) is mounted on the lower portion of the orthopedic device (19), and the orthopedic block (20) is provided with a groove in the middle along the X direction.
6. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the heating air pipe (9) inclines towards the welding direction and has an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction.
7. A rail wagon element welding stress and deformation regulating device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: two wheel rollers (14) are arranged on the left side of the lower portion of the positioning frame (12), two wheel rollers (14) are arranged on the right side of the lower portion of the positioning frame, and a welding gap is formed between the two wheel rollers (14) on the same side.
8. The device for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of a railway wagon element as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the welding gun (15) inclines towards the welding direction and forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the Y direction.
9. A method for controlling the welding stress and deformation control device of the rail wagon component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
clamping a welding plate by using a clamp, fixing the welding plate on a welding workbench, moving a regulating device above the welding plate, regulating the distance between a welding head (4) and the welding plate in the vertical direction, and regulating a movable clamp to enable a positioning mechanism (3) in welding and a post-welding correcting mechanism (5) to be in full contact with the plate;
the pre-welding preheating mechanism (2) heats the welding plate to a preset preheating temperature; when the temperature of the welding area reaches a preset preheating temperature, the regulating and controlling device moves along the welding direction according to a preset speed, meanwhile, the positioning mechanism (3) rolls the plates in the welding area during welding, and the welding head (4) welds the welded plates;
the ultrasonic shape righting mechanism (5) carries out ultrasonic vibration on the welded plate, and the excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the welded plate; the straightening block (20) compacts the welded plate, the middle groove is not contacted with the welding line, and the two sides of the welding line are respectively pressed tightly.
CN202111464798.1A 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component Pending CN114101873A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111464798.1A CN114101873A (en) 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111464798.1A CN114101873A (en) 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114101873A true CN114101873A (en) 2022-03-01

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CN202111464798.1A Pending CN114101873A (en) 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 Device and method for regulating and controlling welding stress and deformation of railway wagon component

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116871795A (en) * 2023-08-23 2023-10-13 长沙理工大学 Welding equipment and welding method for steel structure bridge

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116871795A (en) * 2023-08-23 2023-10-13 长沙理工大学 Welding equipment and welding method for steel structure bridge
CN116871795B (en) * 2023-08-23 2024-01-23 长沙理工大学 Welding equipment and welding method for steel structure bridge

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