CN114097709B - Method for breeding selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens - Google Patents
Method for breeding selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097709B CN114097709B CN202111584318.5A CN202111584318A CN114097709B CN 114097709 B CN114097709 B CN 114097709B CN 202111584318 A CN202111584318 A CN 202111584318A CN 114097709 B CN114097709 B CN 114097709B
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 317
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 316
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens, which aims at the situation that the selenium content of underground water in Ningdu county of Jiangxi province reaches 3ug/L and is far higher than that of common underground water, selenium in the water is enriched in a selenium capture agent through a selenium enrichment technology to obtain selenium-rich substances, the selenium-rich substances, conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives are granulated, and meanwhile, chickens in different growth stages are fed with three differential selenium-rich feeds in a brooding period, a growing period and a fattening period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chicken breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens.
Background
The Ningdu yellow chicken is originally named as 'Ningdu Sanhuang chicken', is a high-quality yellow-feather broiler, is a famous local broiler variety in Jiangxi province, is a valuable poultry variety resource, and is listed in 'Yangxi province livestock and poultry variety book' published in 1999. The Ningdu yellow chickens are produced in woodland raising mode in an pollution-free mode, are three yellow (beaks, feathers and shins), five red (crowns, beards, faces, eye circles and ear leaves) and the like, and are short, small and fresh in meat. The indexes such as protein, total amino acid, the number of chicken fibers per unit area and the like are all superior to those of a plurality of domestic broiler varieties.
Selenium is a trace nutrient element necessary for human and animals, has various pharmacological actions of resisting oxidation, resisting cancer, improving immunity of organism, protecting heart, protecting liver, preventing and treating myopia and cataract, removing toxic substance, delaying senility and enhancing reproductive capacity, etc., and has the names of "anticancer king" and "longevity element". With the continuous and intensive medical and nutritional research, the importance of selenium in the physiological role and maintaining physical health of the human body is increasingly recognized. The approach of selenium intake for human and animals is mainly guaranteed by selenium-containing food, chicken is common meat food for people to intake protein, fat and trace elements, the selenium content in the chicken is low at present, and the selenium content in each kilogram of chicken is usually less than 0.1 milligram, so that the selenium content in human bodies cannot be supplemented by eating the chicken.
In the North of Jiangxi of Ningdu county, the local water and soil are rich in selenium element, the content of selenium reaches 3ug/L, and the method is very suitable for poultry cultivation. However, researches show that although indexes such as protein, total amino acid and the number of chicken fibers per unit area of Ningdu yellow chicken are superior to that of a plurality of domestic broiler chicken products, the selenium content of the Ningdu yellow chicken is superior to that of common yellow chicken, the advantages are not obvious, and the main reason is that the organism of the Ningdu yellow chicken does not effectively absorb selenium elements through a reasonable breeding method. Therefore, the invention provides the method for breeding the selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chicken, and the quality, the nutritional value and the market competitiveness of the Ningdu yellow chicken are improved by improving the selenium content of the Ningdu yellow chicken.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to: providing a selenium enrichment method for Ningdu selenium-enriched water;
the second object of the present invention is to: providing a selenium capture agent for enriching the selenium in Ningdu selenium-rich water;
a third object of the present invention is to: provides a preparation method of selenium-enriched feed based on a Ningdu selenium-enriched water selenium enrichment method.
A fourth object of the present invention is to: provides a selenium-rich feed disintegration accelerating agent for breeding selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens.
A fifth object of the present invention is to: provides a method for breeding Ningdu yellow chicken rich in selenium based on Ningdu selenium-rich water selenium-rich technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
1. Preparation of selenium capture agent
The raw materials comprise 8-16 parts of sepiolite, 15-25 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 10-16 parts of isopropanol, 10-16 parts of cyclohexanol, 3-5 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 2-4 parts of aluminum chloride, 2-4 parts of ferric chloride and 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate;
(1) Roasting and activating: placing sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 270-290 deg.C at 10-20 deg.C/min, taking out, placing in liquid nitrogen, rapidly cooling, taking out, continuing to place in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 240-270 deg.C at 2-6 deg.C/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and pulverizing to 10 mesh to obtain activated sepiolite powder;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid in isopropanol and cyclohexanol mixed solution, heating to 60-70 deg.C while stirring, keeping the temperature for 5-15min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at 80-120r/min for 20-40min to obtain activated sepiolite powder dispersion;
(3) And (3) deposition of complex ions: taking magnesium aluminum silicate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and magnesium sulfate, dispersing the magnesium aluminum silicate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 80-90 ℃, dropwise adding 6-8% KOH solution until the PH is 8-9, standing for 2-4h, adding the obtained mixture into the activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 12-24h by using 1500-2500w power, centrifuging, removing supernate to obtain precipitate, and drying the precipitate at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the selenium scavenger.
2. Selenium enrichment
(1) Adding the selenium capture agent prepared in the step 1 into Ningdu selenium-rich water according to the proportion of 4-6g/L, stirring at the speed of 60-120r/min for 1-2h, standing and adsorbing for 8-16h;
(2) Centrifuging at 1000-2000r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate;
(3) And air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing the selenium-rich precipitate to 50 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich material for later use, namely realizing the enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water.
2. Application of selenium-enriched substance based on Ningdu selenium-enriched water in selenium-enriched feed
1. Preparation of selenium-rich feed for brooding period
Taking the selenium-rich substances as selenium-rich raw materials, mixing with conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives according to the weight ratio of 5-15:80-100:2-3, granulating;
2. preparation of selenium-rich feed for growth period
Taking the selenium-rich substances as selenium-rich raw materials, mixing with conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives according to the weight ratio of 20-30:80-100: granulating at a ratio of 2-5;
3. preparation of selenium-rich feed for fattening period
Taking the selenium-rich substances as selenium-rich raw materials, mixing the selenium-rich substances with conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives according to the weight ratio of 35-45:80-100:3-7, granulating;
the conventional chicken feed comprises 55-65 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-3 parts of bone meal and 0.2-0.6 part of salt by weight;
the auxiliary additive comprises 8-10 parts of cassava starch and 0.2-0.5 part of vegetable oil by weight.
The selenium-rich feed comprises the following specific preparation steps:
(1) Mixing the auxiliary additive with water in an amount which is 3-5 times the mass of the auxiliary additive, and stirring to form a gel for later use;
(2) Pulverizing selenium-rich material and the above conventional chicken feed into 10-20 mesh, mixing and stirring well to obtain spherical material with diameter of 0.5-1 cm;
(3) Adding the spheres into the gel in the step (1), fully stirring to enable the surfaces of the spheres to be coated with the gel, removing the redundant gel, drying the spheres coated with the gel at 80-90 ℃ to constant weight, and freezing in a freezer at-25-0 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain the product.
3. Selenium-rich feed-based selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chicken breeding method
The prepared selenium-rich feed for the brooding period, the growing period and the fattening period is used for breeding Ningdu yellow chickens, and comprises the following specific steps:
a method for breeding selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chickens includes the following steps:
(1) And chicken coop disinfection: respectively washing chicken houses and breeding appliances with hot water and sterilizing before breeding Ningdu yellow chickens in the chicken houses, wherein the sterilizing method can be one or more of liquid spraying sterilization, fumigation sterilization and ultraviolet sterilization; sealing for 30min after disinfection, then opening a window and ventilating until the chicken coop has no peculiar smell, adjusting to 26-30 ℃, and keeping constant temperature;
(2) And chicken only enter the house: selecting healthy chicks without adverse symptoms, putting the chicks into a house according to the ratio of 40 to 50 chicks per square meter, and disinfecting the chicks before the chicks enter the house;
(3) And in the brooding period: after the chicks enter the house, feeding the chicks in a mass ratio of 90-100 per chicken per day in a period of 1-7 weeks: 5-9:20-30 of a mixture of selenium-rich feed in a brooding period, a selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter and water for 8-10 times, wherein each feed is fed with 16-20g of selenium-rich feed in the brooding period, during which free diet and sterilized Ning are rich in selenium water, and incandescent lamps are kept irradiating for 15-17h every day, the lamp height is 1.5-1.7m, and the light intensity is 3.0-3.5 w/square meter; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week;
(4) And a growth period: in the period of 8-14 weeks, the feed mass ratio of each feed is 95-100:2-6:25-35 times of mixture of selenium-rich feed, selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter, and water in growth period, wherein each feed has a feed amount of 80-100g in growth period, during which the sterilized Ning is rich in selenium water in free diet, and the lamp height is 1.8-2.2m, and the light intensity is 2.0-3.0 w/sq m, and is maintained for 18-20 hr per day; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week;
(5) And in the fattening period: feeding selenium-rich feed for 4-6 times per day in a fattening period at a feeding amount of 110-130g per time in 15-20 weeks, wherein the sterilized Ning selenium-rich water is freely eaten, and the lamp height is 2.0-2.5m and the light intensity is 1.5-2.0 w/m under the irradiation of incandescent lamp for 18-20h per day; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week;
(6) And (4) marketing: and (5) finishing the fattening period, and marketing.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich feed disintegration accelerant comprises the following steps of adding 60-100 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose, 15-25 parts by weight of insect extract and 10-20 parts by weight of corn starch into 20 parts by weight of 8-12% wt NaOH solution, heating to 60-70 ℃ at 1-3 ℃/min, adding the corn starch and the insect extract, keeping the temperature and stirring for 1-2 hours, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid until the PH is 7-8, concentrating and drying until the water content is less than 5%, treating the concentrate for 30-60 seconds under the conditions of 10-20GHz microwave frequency and 30-50kW power, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich feed disintegration accelerant;
the insect extract is extracted from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1-3:1-5:2-4 of yellow mealworm, locust, silkworm and cricket, and is prepared by weighing insects according to the mass ratio, crushing to 50 meshes, adding into 5-8% wt NaOH solution, heating to 35-55 ℃ and heating for 2-4h, keeping the stirring speed at 200-400r/min, filtering after heating, removing filtrate, and drying filter residue to obtain the insect extract.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the selenium content of Ningdu selenium-rich water reaches 3ug/L, the advantage is benefited, the selenium content of chicken of Ningdu yellow chicken is slightly higher than that of common yellow chicken, but the chicken can not effectively absorb the selenium in the water, and the advantage of the selenium-rich chicken is not obvious, so the inventor considers that the selenium in Ningdu selenium-rich water is enriched and applied to the selenium-rich feed, the prior art has a plurality of methods for enriching the selenium in the water, the activated carbon adsorption and silica gel adsorption are common, the activated carbon adsorption efficiency is low, and the method is suitable for treating the sewage with the over-standard selenium; silica gel adsorption needs back washing, steps are complex, selenium is very easy to remain in silica gel pores, and silica gel is low in recycling rate, therefore, sepiolite is selected by an inventor to be used as a selenium adsorbent to enrich selenium in water, the sepiolite has good adsorption effect on one hand, and can be directly used as an auxiliary agent to be added into chicken feed after adsorbing the selenium to promote the absorption of effective components of the feed, however, the sepiolite has a general capability of directionally adsorbing and capturing the selenium, the inventor increases the pores of the sepiolite by utilizing a roasting and activating technology and cooperating with rapid cooling treatment, greatly improves the adsorption capability of the sepiolite, meanwhile, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid is used as a main surface modifier of the sepiolite and cooperating with ultrasonic dispersion treatment to carry out surface modification treatment on the roasted and activated sepiolite, and the ultrasonic dispersion technology is combined to prepare the selenium capturing agent capable of directionally capturing the selenium, so that the directional capturing adsorption capability is improved, the selenium-rich water with selenium content of 2 ug/above can be enriched in selenium, and the selenium capturing agent prepared by the sepiolite can be used as a raw material to replace zeolite powder, talc and the traditional feed, and the like to promote the effective components of the chicken feed to be digested only by the feed.
2. The chicken feed is generally treated at a high temperature of more than 80 ℃ in the granulation process, the treatment process is very easy to damage the active ingredients of the feed raw materials, the invention firstly uses cassava starch and vegetable oil as auxiliary additives, the cassava starch and the vegetable oil are mixed with water to form a gel, a gel protective layer is coated on the surface of a ball-shaped object prepared from other feed ingredients, then the high-temperature treatment is carried out, and the active ingredients of the feed ball-shaped object coated by the gel protective layer are not easy to damage in a high-temperature environment.
3. The inventor finds that aiming at chickens in different growth stages, three differential selenium-rich feeds including a brooding period, a growth period and a fattening period are adopted for feeding, the problem of selenium loss in the selenium-rich feeds due to poor selenium absorption effect can be effectively solved, the chickens in different growth periods are fed with the reasonable selenium-rich feed ratio and the feeds with different particle sizes, so that the effective components of the selenium-rich feeds are fully absorbed, the technical effect of improving the selenium content of the chicken meat of Ningdu yellow chickens is realized, and the quality, the nutritional value and the market competitiveness of the Ningdu yellow chickens are further improved.
4. The inventor finds that the gel protective layer prepared by taking cassava starch as a main raw material has certain disintegration capability, but the digestion period of young chickens is very short, generally only a few hours from feeding to defecation, if the gel protective layer is disintegrated into paste before feeding, the chickens only need to feed, and the gel protective layer is disintegrated for a long time after feeding, so that the conversion rate of the chickens to the nutritional ingredients of the selenium-rich feed is low; the inventor actually measures that the feeding time of the chicken is generally 10-15min, therefore, a certain amount of specific selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter is added in the feeding process of the selenium-rich feed in the brooding period and the growing period, the selenium-rich feed is controlled to be completely disintegrated within a reasonable time range after being mixed with the disintegration promoter and water, the feeding is not influenced, the digestive system of the chicken can be helped to absorb effective components, the conversion rate of the nutritional components of the selenium-rich feed is further improved, and the purposes of reasonable feeding and balanced nutrition are achieved.
In order to make the cultivation method of the selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chicken more clear, the invention is further described with reference to the specific embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Experiment 1 selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
Example 1
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
1. Preparation of selenium Capture
(1) Roasting and activating: taking 12 parts of sepiolite, placing the sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, taking out, placing the sepiolite in liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, taking out, continuing to place in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 255 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain activated sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 20 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid in a mixed solution of 13 parts of isopropanol and 13 parts of cyclohexanol, heating to 65 ℃ while stirring, preserving heat for 10min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at a rotating speed of 100r/min for 30min to obtain an activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid;
(3) And (3) deposition of complex ions: dispersing 4 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 3 parts of aluminum chloride, 3 parts of ferric chloride and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 7% until the pH value is 8.5, standing for 3 hours, adding the mixture into the activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 18 hours with the power of 2000w, centrifuging, removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
2. Selenium enrichment
(1) Adding the selenium capture agent prepared in the step 1 into Ningdu selenium-rich water with the selenium content of 3ug/L according to the proportion of 5g/L, stirring at the speed of 90r/min for 1.5h, standing and adsorbing for 12h;
(2) Centrifuging at 1500r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate;
(3) And air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing the selenium-rich precipitate to 50 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich material for later use, namely realizing the enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water.
Example 2
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
1. Preparation of selenium Capture
(1) Roasting and activating: putting 8 parts of sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 270 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, taking out, putting in liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, taking out, continuing to put in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 270 ℃ at a speed of 6 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain activated sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 15 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid into a mixed solution of 10 parts of isopropanol and 10 parts of cyclohexanol, heating to 70 ℃ while stirring, preserving heat for 15min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at a rotating speed of 80r/min for 20min to obtain an activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid;
(3) And (3) complex ion deposition: dispersing 5 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 4 parts of aluminum chloride, 4 parts of ferric chloride and 4 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 6% until the PH value is 8, standing for 2 hours, adding the mixture into the activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 24 hours with the power of 2500w, centrifuging, removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
2. Selenium enrichment
(1) Adding the selenium capture agent prepared in the step 1 into Ningdu selenium-rich water with the selenium content of 3ug/L according to the proportion of 4g/L, stirring at the speed of 60r/min for 1h, standing and adsorbing for 8h;
(2) Centrifuging at 2000r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate;
(3) And air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing the selenium-rich precipitate to 50 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich material for later use, namely realizing the enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water.
Example 3
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
1. Preparation of selenium Capture
(1) Roasting and activating: placing 16 parts of sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 290 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, taking out, placing in liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, taking out, continuing to place in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 240 ℃ at 2 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain activated sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 25 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid into a mixed solution of 16 parts of isopropanol and 16 parts of cyclohexanol, heating to 60 ℃ while stirring, preserving heat for 5min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at a rotating speed of 120r/min for 40min to obtain an activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid;
(3) And (3) complex ion deposition: dispersing 3 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 2 parts of aluminum chloride, 2 parts of ferric chloride and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 90 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 8% until the PH value is 9, standing for 4 hours, adding the mixture into the activated sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 12 hours by 1500w power, centrifuging, removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at 50 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
2. Selenium enrichment
(1) Adding the selenium capture agent prepared in the step 1 into Ningdu selenium-rich water with the selenium content of 3ug/L according to the proportion of 6g/L, stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 2h, standing and adsorbing for 16h;
(2) Centrifuging at 1000r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate;
(3) And air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing the selenium-rich precipitate to 50 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich material for later use, namely realizing the enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water.
Comparative example 1
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
1. Preparation of selenium Capture
2. Selenium enrichment
(1) Adding the selenium capture agent prepared in the step 1 into Ningdu selenium-rich water with the selenium content of 3ug/L according to the proportion of 3g/L, stirring at the speed of 90r/min for 1.5h, standing and adsorbing for 12h;
(2) Centrifuging at 1500r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate;
(3) And air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing the selenium-rich precipitate to 50 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich material for later use, namely realizing the enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the step of preparing the selenium catcher is as follows:
(1) Roasting and activating: crushing 12 parts of sepiolite into 10 meshes to obtain sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 20 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid into a mixed solution of 13 parts of isopropanol and 13 parts of cyclohexanol, heating to 65 ℃ while stirring, preserving heat for 10min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 30min to obtain sepiolite powder dispersion liquid;
(3) And (3) deposition of complex ions: dispersing 4 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 3 parts of aluminum chloride, 3 parts of ferric chloride and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 7% until the PH value is 8.5, standing for 3 hours, adding the mixture into the sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 18 hours at the power of 2000w, centrifuging, removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the step of preparing the selenium catcher is as follows:
(1) Roasting and activating: placing 12 parts of sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain activated sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 20 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid into a mixed solution of 13 parts of isopropanol and 13 parts of cyclohexanol, heating to 65 ℃ while stirring, preserving heat for 10min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at the rotating speed of 100r/min for 30min to obtain sepiolite powder dispersion liquid;
(3) And (3) deposition of complex ions: dispersing 4 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 3 parts of aluminum chloride, 3 parts of ferric chloride and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 7% until the PH value is 8.5, standing for 3 hours, adding the mixture into the sepiolite powder dispersion liquid, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 18 hours at the power of 2000w, centrifuging, removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the step of preparing the selenium catcher is as follows:
(1) Roasting and activating: taking 12 parts of sepiolite, placing the sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 280 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, taking out, placing the sepiolite in liquid nitrogen for rapid cooling, taking out, continuing to place in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 255 ℃ at a speed of 4 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain activated sepiolite powder for later use;
(2) And (3) deposition of complex ions: dispersing 4 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 3 parts of aluminum chloride, 3 parts of ferric chloride and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, dropwise adding a KOH solution with the mass fraction of 7% until the PH is 8.5, standing for 3 hours, adding activated sepiolite powder, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 18 hours by using 2000w of power, centrifuging, removing a supernatant to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate at 55 ℃ to obtain a selenium capture agent;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the selenium catcher is prepared from raw materials including 12 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 1 part of aluminum chloride, 1 part of ferric chloride and 1 part of magnesium sulfate by weight;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 6
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the raw materials for preparing the selenium catcher comprise 12 parts of sepiolite, 26 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 6 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 5 parts of aluminum chloride, 5 parts of ferric chloride and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate by weight;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 7
Selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-enriched water, which comprises 1, preparing a selenium capture agent; 2. enriching selenium;
wherein the selenium catcher is sepiolite powder with the particle size of 10 meshes;
the rest is the same as example 1.
The content of selenium in the water after selenium enrichment is measured by adopting a catalytic polarography method, the selenium enrichment rate of Ningdu selenium-enriched water with the content of selenium of 3ug/L is calculated by the selenium enrichment methods of the above examples and comparative examples, and is summarized in the following table 1:
wherein: selenium enrichment rate = (selenium content in water before selenium enrichment-selenium content in water after selenium enrichment)/selenium content in water before selenium enrichment is 100%,
reference standard: determination of selenium in water by using sanitary standard GB5749 for drinking water
TABLE 1 summary of selenium enrichment effect of Ningdu selenium-enriched water
As can be seen from the above table,
examples 1-3 the selenium capture agent used in the scope of the present invention, with higher selenium enrichment rate, especially the best effect of example 1; the dosage of the selenium catcher in the comparative example 1 is small, the raw material sepiolite of the selenium catcher in the comparative example 2 is not roasted and activated, the raw material sepiolite of the selenium catcher in the comparative example 3 is not subjected to surface modification treatment, the roasting and activation process of the raw material sepiolite of the selenium catcher in the comparative example 4 is not satisfactory, the raw material proportion for preparing the selenium catcher in the comparative examples 5 and 6 is not satisfactory, and the common sepiolite is adopted as the selenium catcher in the comparative example 7, so that the selenium enrichment ratio of each pair of the above examples is not as same as that of the three groups of examples.
Experiment 2 influence of feed formulation on chickens at different growth stages
Selecting 800 chickens, dividing into 16 chickens, measuring and recording the average weight of 50 chickens in each group, breeding the chickens in each group in a shed, washing the chicken shed and breeding tools with hot water and sterilizing before entering the shed, and feeding each chicken in a brooding period (1-7 weeks) every day with a feeding mass ratio of 95:7:25 of a mixture of the selenium-rich feed in the brooding period, the selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter and water for 9 times, wherein each feed is fed with 18g of the selenium-rich feed in the brooding period, during which free diet is sterilized, the selenium-rich water is fed to each feed, and the light intensity is kept at 1.6m and 3.3 w/square meter per day under the irradiation of an incandescent lamp for 16 hours; the chicken coop is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once every week; in the growth period (8-14 weeks), the feed mass ratio of each feed is 98:4:30 of the mixture of the selenium-rich feed, the selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter and the water for the growth period for 7 times, wherein each time each feed is fed with 90g of the selenium-rich feed for the growth period, the free diet sterilized Ning is rich in the selenium water, the irradiation of an incandescent lamp is kept for 19 hours every day, the lamp height is 2m, and the light intensity is 2..5 w/square meter; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week; in the stage of fattening period (15-20 weeks), feeding selenium-rich feed for each fattening period for 5 times every day, wherein each feeding amount is 120g, during the period, free diet is sterilized, and the sterilized Ning selenium-rich water is kept irradiated by an incandescent lamp for 19h every day, the lamp height is 2.3m, and the light intensity is 1.8 w/square meter; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week; after the fattening period is finished, putting out the market; recording and calculating the average weight of all groups of chickens, and calculating the weight change rate; and testing the average selenium content of the left chicken leg, the right chicken leg and the preserved chicken.
The feed components of each group are respectively
One group of:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Two groups are as follows:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich substances | 15 | 30 | 45 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 80 | 80 | 80 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Three groups:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich substances | 5 | 20 | 35 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Auxiliary additive | 3 | 5 | 7 |
Four groups:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 4 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Five groups are as follows:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 16 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Six groups are as follows:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 1 | 3.5 | 5 |
Seven groups are as follows:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 4 | 3.5 | 5 |
Eight groups are as follows:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 15 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Nine groups:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 35 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Ten groups of:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 1 | 5 |
Eleven groups:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 6 | 5 |
Twelve groups:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 30 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Thirteen groups are as follows:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 50 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5 |
Fourteen groups:
| classification of | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich substances | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2 |
Fifteen groups:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 10 | 25 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 2.5 | 3.5 | 8 |
Sixteen groups:
| classification | Brooding period | Growth period | Fattening period |
| Selenium-rich material | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Conventional chicken feed | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Auxiliary additive | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Preparing a coating gel protective layer on the surface of the selenium-rich material, mixing and stirring the auxiliary additive and water with the mass of 4 times to form a gel, crushing the selenium-rich material and conventional chicken feed to 15 meshes, mixing and stirring uniformly, and preparing spherical materials with the diameter of 0.8 cm; adding into gel, stirring to coat the surface of the ball with gel, removing excessive gel, drying the ball coated with gel at 85 deg.C to constant weight, and freezing in a freezer at-12 deg.C for 1.5 h.
The data calculated by the post-marketing test of the chickens bred in each group are summarized in the following table 2, and one group to sixteen groups respectively correspond to examples 1 to 16, wherein the change rate of the weight of the chickens = (average weight of the chickens at marketing-average weight of the chickens before entering the house)/average weight of the chickens at marketing is 100%
TABLE 2 summary of key parameters of chicken meat
From the above table it can be seen that:
1) The chicken parameters of each group of examples are better in examples 1-3, especially best in example 1;
2) Comparing example 1 with examples 4-15, it can be seen that too little or too much selenium-rich material and auxiliary additive are used as raw materials for preparing the selenium-rich feed fed in different growth periods, which affects chickens, and from the data, the results are all inferior to the former, the selenium-rich material is too little, the selenium content in chicken is low, the selenium-rich material is too much, and the chicken can not effectively absorb the selenium, which causes waste; too little or too much auxiliary additive can affect the absorption of the effective components of the chicken;
3) Comparing example 1 with example 16, in example 16, the feed ratio in the fattening period is used as the selenium-rich feed to feed the chickens in the brooding period, the growing period and the fattening period, and it can be seen that although the average body weight of the chickens is close to that of example 1, the feed ratio in the brooding period and the growing period does not meet the technical requirements, so that the chickens in the two stages can not effectively absorb the effective components, and the selenium content is far less than that of the chickens in the two stages.
Experiment 3 disintegration effect of selenium-enriched feed
Selecting a group of feed in the brooding period and feed in the growing period in experiment 2, wherein the group of feed in the brooding period is respectively named as a group I (1), a group I (2), a group I (3) and a group I (4), the group of feed in the growing period is respectively named as a group II (1), a group II (2), a group II (3) and a group II (4), each group selects 100g of selenium-enriched feed, is respectively mixed with a disintegration promoter, is added into a proper amount of water, and the time of cracking, falling and complete disintegration of each group of feed is recorded;
a group (1)
The amount of the disintegration promoter used in the brooding period is 7g, 80 parts of microcrystalline cellulose is added into 20 times of 10 wt% NaOH solution by weight, the temperature is raised to 65 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, 15 parts of corn starch and 20 parts of insect extract are added, the mixture is stirred for 1.5h under the condition of heat preservation, hydrochloric acid is dripped until the PH value is 7.5, the mixture is concentrated and dried until the water content is less than 5%, the concentrate is processed for 45s under the conditions of 15GHz microwave frequency and 40kW power and is crushed into 10 meshes, and the disintegration promoter is prepared.
A (2) group
The amount of disintegration promoter used in brooding period is 0g.
A group (3)
The amount of disintegration promoter used in brooding period is 12g, and the preparation method is the same as group (1); .
A group (4)
The amount of the disintegration accelerating agent used in the brooding period is 7g, 80 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 15 parts of corn starch and 20 parts of insect extract are added into water with the weight part 20 times that of the raw materials, the mixture is stirred and evenly mixed, concentrated and dried until the water content is less than 5 percent, and the mixture is crushed into 10 meshes to prepare the disintegration accelerating agent.
Group II (1)
The amount of disintegration promoter used in the growth period is 4g, and the preparation method is the same as that in group (1).
Group II (2)
The amount of disintegration promoter used in the growth phase is 0g.
Group II (3)
The amount of disintegration promoter used in growth period is 10g, and its preparation method is the same as that in group (1).
Group II (4)
The amount of disintegration promoter used in the growth period is 7g, and the preparation method is the same as that in group (4).
The recorded times for cracking, shedding and complete disintegration of the various groups of feeds are summarized in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 disintegration status chart for selenium-enriched feedstuff
As can be seen from the above table;
when the prepared selenium-rich feed is used in combination with the disintegration promoter and water within the technical requirement range of the invention, the cracking time of the selenium-rich feed of the first group (1) and the second group (1) is 15min and 18min, the falling time is 19min and 22min, and the complete disintegration time is 22min and 25min, so that the selenium-rich feed is suitable for the long habit of eating chicken in 10-15 min; the disintegration accelerators are not used in the first group (2) and the second group (2), and the preparation processes of the disintegration accelerators in the first group (4) and the second group (4) do not meet the technical requirements, so that the disintegration time is too long, the digestion and absorption of the digestive system of the chicken on the effective components are influenced, and the loss of the nutritional components is serious; and the disintegration accelerators of the first group (3) and the second group (3) are used in too much amount, so that the disintegration accelerators completely disintegrate in a short time, the feeding of the chickens is seriously influenced, and the palatability is poor, so that the growth and development of the chickens are influenced.
Claims (8)
1. A Ningdu selenium-rich water selenium enrichment method for selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chicken breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding a selenium capture agent into Ningdu selenium-rich water according to the proportion of 4-6g/L, stirring at the speed of 60-120r/min for 1-2h, standing and adsorbing for 8-16h; (2) Centrifuging at 1000-2000r/min, and removing supernatant to obtain selenium-rich precipitate; (3) Air-drying the selenium-rich precipitate until the water content is less than 5%, grinding and crushing to 50 meshes to obtain selenium-rich matter for later use, namely realizing the selenium enrichment of Ningdu selenium-rich water; the selenium content of the Ningdu selenium-enriched water is more than 2ug/L;
the selenium catching agent is prepared by raw materials comprising 8-16 parts of sepiolite, 15-25 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 10-16 parts of isopropanol, 10-16 parts of cyclohexanol, 3-5 parts of magnesium aluminum silicate, 2-4 parts of aluminum chloride, 2-4 parts of ferric chloride and 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate in parts by weight; (1) roasting activation: placing sepiolite in a roasting furnace, heating to 270-290 deg.C at 10-20 deg.C/min, taking out, placing in liquid nitrogen, rapidly cooling, taking out, continuing to place in the roasting furnace when the normal temperature is recovered, heating to 240-270 deg.C at 2-6 deg.C/min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and pulverizing to 10 mesh to obtain activated sepiolite powder;
(2) Surface modification: dissolving 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid in isopropanol and cyclohexanol mixed solution, heating to 60-70 deg.C while stirring, keeping the temperature for 5-15min, adding activated sepiolite powder, and stirring at 80-120r/min for 20-40min to obtain activated sepiolite powder dispersion;
(3) And (3) deposition of complex ions: dispersing magnesium aluminum silicate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and magnesium sulfate in 5 times of deionized water by mass, uniformly stirring, heating to 80-90 ℃, dropwise adding 6-8% KOH solution by mass until the PH is 8-9, standing for 2-4h, adding into the activated sepiolite powder dispersion, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 12-24h with 1500-2500w power, centrifuging, removing supernatant to obtain precipitate, and drying the precipitate at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the selenium capture agent.
2. A selenium-enriched feed prepared from the selenium-enriched material obtained by the selenium-enriching method of the Ningdu selenium-enriched water of claim 1, characterized in that: the selenium-rich feed comprises a brooding-period selenium-rich feed, a growing-period selenium-rich feed and a fattening-period selenium-rich feed; the brooding selenium-rich feed is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 5-15:80-100:2-3 of a mixture of selenium-rich substances, conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives; the mass ratio of the selenium-rich feed in the growth period is 20-30:80-100:2-5 of a mixture of selenium-rich substances, conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives; the selenium-rich feed for the fattening period is prepared from the following components in mass ratio of 35-45:80-100:3-7 of selenium-enriched substances, conventional chicken feed and auxiliary additives.
3. The selenium-enriched feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the selenium-enriched feed also comprises surface gel coating treatment, and the specific steps are that (1) auxiliary additives are taken and mixed with water with the mass of 3-5 times of the mass of the auxiliary additives to form gel for later use; (2) Pulverizing selenium-rich material and conventional chicken feed into 10-20 mesh, mixing, and making into spherical material with diameter of 0.5-1 cm; (3) Adding the ball into the gel in the step (1), fully stirring to coat the surface of the ball with the gel, removing the excessive gel, drying the ball coated with the gel at 80-90 ℃ to constant weight, and freezing in a freezer at-25-0 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain the product.
4. The selenium-enriched feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the auxiliary additive comprises 8-10 parts of cassava starch and 0.2-0.5 part of vegetable oil by weight.
5. The selenium-enriched feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the conventional chicken feed comprises, by weight, 55-65 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 2-4 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 1-3 parts of bone meal and 0.2-0.6 part of salt.
6. A method for breeding the selenium-rich Ningdu yellow chicken by using the selenium-rich feed of claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the selenium-rich feed for brooding period, the selenium-rich feed for growing period and the selenium-rich feed for fattening period are used for breeding Ningdu yellow chickens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And chicken coop disinfection: respectively washing chicken houses and breeding appliances with hot water and sterilizing before breeding Ningdu yellow chickens in the chicken houses, wherein the sterilizing method is one or more of liquid spraying sterilization, fumigation sterilization and ultraviolet sterilization; sealing for 30min after disinfection, then opening a window for ventilation until no peculiar smell exists in the henhouse, adjusting the temperature to 26-30 ℃, and keeping constant temperature;
(2) And chicken only enter the house: selecting healthy chicks without adverse symptoms, entering a house according to 40 to 50 chickens per square meter, and disinfecting chicken bodies before entering the house;
(3) And brooding period: after the chicks enter the house, feeding the chicks for 1-7 weeks at a feeding mass ratio of 90-100:5-9:20-30 of a mixture of selenium-rich feed in a brooding period, a selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter and water for 8-10 times, wherein each feed is fed with 16-20g of selenium-rich feed in the brooding period, during which free diet and sterilized Ning are rich in selenium water, and incandescent lamps are kept irradiating for 15-17h every day, the lamp height is 1.5-1.7m, and the light intensity is 3.0-3.5 w/square meter; the chicken coop is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once every week;
(4) And a growth period: in the 8-14 week period, the mass ratio of each feed is 95-100:2-6:25-35 times of mixture of selenium-rich feed, selenium-rich feed disintegration promoter, and water in growth period, wherein each feed has a feed amount of 80-100g in growth period, during which the sterilized Ning is rich in selenium water in free diet, and the lamp height is 1.8-2.2m, and the light intensity is 2.0-3.0 w/sq m, and is maintained for 18-20 hr per day; the henhouse is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once a week;
(5) And in the fattening period: feeding selenium-rich feed for 4-6 times per day in a fattening period at a feeding amount of 110-130g per time in 15-20 weeks, wherein the sterilized Ning selenium-rich water is freely eaten, and the lamp height is 2.0-2.5m and the light intensity is 1.5-2.0 w/m under the irradiation of incandescent lamp for 18-20h per day; the chicken coop is sterilized once every 3 days, and the chicken body is sterilized once every week;
(6) And marketing: and (5) finishing the fattening period, and marketing.
7. The method for raising selenium-enriched Ningdu yellow chicken as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the selenium-rich feed disintegration accelerant comprises the following steps of adding 60-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 15-25 parts of insect extract and 10-20 parts of corn starch by weight into 20 parts by weight of 8-12% wt NaOH solution, heating to 60-70 ℃ at 1-3 ℃/min, adding the corn starch and the insect extract, stirring for 1-2 hours under heat preservation, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid until the pH value is 7-8, concentrating and drying until the water content is less than 5%, treating the concentrate for 30-60 seconds under the conditions of 10-20GHz microwave frequency and 30-50kW power, and crushing to 10 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich feed disintegration accelerant.
8. The method for raising selenium-enriched Ningdu yellow chicken as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect extract is extracted from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1-3:1-5:2-4 of yellow mealworm, locust, silkworm and cricket, and is prepared by weighing insects according to the mass ratio, crushing to 50 meshes, adding into 5-8% wt NaOH solution, heating to 35-55 ℃ and heating for 2-4h, keeping the stirring speed at 200-400r/min, filtering after heating, removing filtrate, and drying filter residue to obtain the insect extract.
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