CN114096403A - 复合材料车辆部件构造 - Google Patents

复合材料车辆部件构造 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114096403A
CN114096403A CN202080050578.1A CN202080050578A CN114096403A CN 114096403 A CN114096403 A CN 114096403A CN 202080050578 A CN202080050578 A CN 202080050578A CN 114096403 A CN114096403 A CN 114096403A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
vehicle component
composite sandwich
high gloss
sandwich material
component construction
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202080050578.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
休·福伦
马修·普劳曼
埃文·弗里曼-吉伯
帕特里克·达勒姆
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Teijin Automotive Technologies Inc
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Continental Structural Plastics Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Continental Structural Plastics Inc filed Critical Continental Structural Plastics Inc
Publication of CN114096403A publication Critical patent/CN114096403A/zh
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Abstract

一种车辆部件构造，包括由复合夹层材料形成的面板。该复合夹层材料包括界定多个孔的中空结构芯、通过第一粘合层粘附到中空结构芯的第一面的高光泽表面片材以及通过第二粘合层粘附到中空结构芯的第二面的结构表皮。面板的外表面由复合夹层板材的高光泽表面片材所界定，并且面板的相反设置的内表面由复合夹层材料的结构表皮所界定。车辆部件构造适合用作车辆的车身部分。

Description

复合材料车辆部件构造
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年6月11日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/859819的优先权，该申请通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及复合材料，特别是涉及由复合中空结构(open area)夹芯结构所形成的车罩、车身或车顶板部件。
背景技术
以汽车、运输和物流为基础的行业中的重量减轻一直是用以制造更省油的车辆的主要关注点。为了实现车辆的重量减轻，已经引入轻质复合材料来代替典型的金属结构和表面车身部件与面板。复合材料是由具有显著不同物理或化学特性的两种以上组成材料制成的材料，当所述两种以上的组成材料组合时，会产生具有不同于单个成分的特性的材料。单个成分在完成的结构中保持独立和差异。出于多种原因，复合材料可能是优选的：常见的例子包括与传统材料相比更坚固、更轻或更便宜的材料。
夹层结构复合材料是一种特殊类型的复合材料，其通过将两个薄而坚硬的表层附接到轻质但厚的芯部来制造。芯材通常是低强度材料，但其较高的厚度为夹层复合材料提供了高弯曲刚度和整体低密度。虽然之前已经开发出夹层结构以提供强度和减轻的重量，但无论表面最外层是热固性树脂还是热塑性塑料，获得具有车辆外观质量的高光泽表面的能力仍然是一个挑战。这些努力的例子是U.S.5087500A、U.S.4803108A、U.S.8091286B2、U.S.4369608A、U.S.3553054A和WO2018/202473。通常在需要车辆高表面光泽的环境中不使用这种夹层结构，例如罩、车身面板和车顶结构，或者求助于额外的外层以提供高光泽的最外层。这种最外层可以在结构生产之后或通过在铸型涂料中施加，这两者都会增加生产的成本和复杂性。
夹层结构的另一个传统问题是边缘是无效的，并且允许湿气或水分渗入使得透穿至芯内，并且经常与成品车辆表面要求不一致。在极端温度下，这种透穿的水分可能降低结构的使用寿命，与此同时增加其重量。当芯部由诸如纸这样的纤维素材料形成时，这些水分渗入问题特别明显。因此，鉴于车辆的这些区域暴露于恶劣天气，此类复合夹层结构不适合用于形成罩、车身面板和车顶结构。
因此，存在对由轻质复合材料形成的轻质、高强度车辆部件构造的需要，该轻质复合材料通过流线型制造工艺形成，具有提高的制造产量和降低的成本。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种由轻质复合材料形成的轻质、高强度车辆部件构造，该复合材料通过流线型制造工艺形成，具有提高的制造产量和降低的成本。本发明的车辆部件构造包括由复合夹层材料形成的面板。该复合夹层材料包括界定多个孔的中空结构芯、通过第一粘合层粘附到中空结构芯的第一面的高光泽表面片材以及通过第二粘合层粘附到中空结构芯的第二面的结构表皮。根据实施例，面板的外表面由复合夹层板材的高光泽表面片材所界定，并且面板的相反设置的内表面由复合夹层材料的结构表皮所界定。车辆部件构造适合用作车辆的车身部分。
附图说明
参照以下附图进一步详细说明本发明，这些附图旨在示出本发明的某些方面，但不应被解释为对本发明实施的限制。
图1是车辆的前立体图，其特征在于本发明的车辆部件构造的若干实施例；
图2是用于形成本发明的部件构造的实施例的复合夹层板材的部分切除的立体图；
图3是图2的复合夹层板材的沿着将六边形孔一分为二的线的部分切除的放大侧视图。
图4A-4D是复合夹层板材的边缘的截面图；
图5是具有导管的复合夹层板材的局部切除的立体图，该导管用于形成本发明的部件构造的实施例；以及
图6是根据本发明实施例的车辆部件构造的立体图。
具体实施方式
本发明可用作由轻质复合中空结构夹芯结构形成的轻质、高强度的罩、车身或车顶板构造，复合中空结构夹芯结构通过流线型制造工艺形成，且具有提高的制造产量和降低的成本。复合夹层结构的使用允许替代钢或铝这样的传统材料，而不会损失强度。
根据实施例，罩、车身或车顶板构造由夹层复合结构形成，如在2018年12月3日提交的共同未决的美国临时专利申请No.62/774600中详述，其内容在此通过引用并入。如其中所述，夹层复合结构的实施例提供高光泽表面片材和结构表皮，其通过在涂覆时有粘性的粘合剂或胶粘剂而粘附到中空结构芯。所涂覆的粘合剂的粘度允许与中空结构芯的内部体积接触以产生更大的粘合表面积，但在粘合剂固化或硬化之前不会过度流入由中空结构芯界定的孔内，从而提供更大的夹层复合结构的部件之间的粘附接触面积。结果，观察到夹层复合结构的部件的分层减少，并且阻止了结合线透穿(readthrough)到高光泽表面片材中。可以理解，提供高光泽外表面而无需借助额外的最外层需要平衡复合夹板结构的相反表面张力特性，以避免与结构弯曲相关的公差损失。本发明的实施例还具有作为水密和防水复合夹板结构的实用性。
现在将参考以下实施例来描述本发明。通过这些描述显而易见的是，本发明能够以不同的形式实施并且不应被解释为限于在此阐述的实施例。相反，提供这些实施例是为了使本公开彻底和完整，并将向本领域技术人员充分传达本发明的范围。例如，关于一个实施例示出的特征可以并入到其他实施例中，并且关于特定实施例示出的特征可以从该实施例中删除。此外，根据本公开内容，本领域技术人员将显而易见的是，对在此揭示的实施例的诸多变化和添加不脱离当前发明。因此，以下说明旨在说明本发明的一些特定实施例，而不是穷尽说明其所有排列、组合和变化。
应当理解，在提供数值范围的情况下，该范围旨在不仅包括该范围的终点值，而且还包括明确地包括在该范围内并且通过范围的最后一个有效数字而变化的该范围的中间值。举例来说，所列举的1至4的范围旨在包括1-2、1-3、2-4、3-4和1-4。
除非另有定义，否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。本文本发明的描述中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，并不旨在限制本发明。
除非另外、明确地或通过上下文指出，否则以下术语在本文中如下文所述使用。
如在本发明的说明书和所附权利要求中使用的，单数形式“a(一个)”、“an(一个)”和“the(所述一个)”也旨在包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。
同样如本文所用，“和/或”是指并涵盖一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有可能的组合，并且在以替代方式(“或”)解释时不含组合。
如本文所用，术语“高光泽表面”是指当在良好照明区域中离观察者约24-28英寸并且以+/-90度垂直于零件表面地视觉检查表面缺陷约3秒时，具有最小可感知表面缺陷的表面。也就是说，术语“高光泽表面”是指能够被涂漆并被认定为“A级”车身部件的表面。这通常通过ASTM D523测量。在汽车行业中，A级表面是消费者在不运行车辆的情况下可以看到的表面(例如，打开罩或行李箱盖)，而A级表面光洁度通常指的是涂料的外板，并且具体地是指零件上的图像清晰度(DOI)和光泽水平。应当理解，表面层可以在获得赋予高光泽的涂料涂层之前经受打磨、修整和涂底，但是必须保持底漆和涂料的维度(dimensionality)和粘合均匀性，从而实现高光泽的光洁度。
图1示出了车辆50的前立体图，其特征在于本发明的车辆部件构造52、52'和52”的若干实施例。根据实施例，本发明的车辆部件构造是罩52、车顶结构52'或车身面板52”。根据实施例，本发明的车辆部件构造52、52'和52”由复合夹层板材10形成，如图2所示。复合夹层板材10包括：具有壁26的中空结构芯12，该壁26界定在面17和17'处终止的孔24的有序阵列；高光泽表面片材14，其通过第一粘合层20粘附到中空结构芯12的第一面17以及结构表皮16，其通过第二粘合剂层22粘附到中空结构芯12的第二面17'。高光泽表面片材14具有适合作为汽车车身外表面的高光泽光洁度。根据实施例，车辆部件构造52、52'和52”的外表面由复合夹层板材10的高光泽表面片材14限定，而相反设置的内表面由复合夹层板材10的结构表皮16限定。因此，车辆部件构造52、52'和52”形成为结构部件并且同时形成为装饰部件，而无需独立于车辆部件构造52、52'和52”的完成车辆部件所需的额外的高光泽面板。
如图2所示，表面片材14的一部分被切除以露出粘合剂20、布(如果存在的话)和中空结构芯12。表面片材14通过第一粘合层20粘附到中空结构芯12的第一侧。根据实施例，表面片材14呈现面向外侧的高光泽表面15。图3是用于形成根据本发明的实施例的本发明的车辆部件构造52、52'和52”的复合夹层板材10的放大截面图。图3显示了构成复合夹层板材10的各个层的更多细节。在一些实施例中，布19存在于中空结构芯12的面17与表面片材14之间，布19嵌入在粘合剂20中。结构表皮16通过第二粘合剂层22粘附到中空结构芯12的相反的第二侧。在一些实施例中，布19'存在于中空结构芯12的面17'与结构表皮16之间，布19'嵌入粘合剂22中。
根据实施例，中空结构芯12由限定多个孔24的轻质材料所形成，以降低中空结构芯12的整体密度。中空结构芯12由多种材料形成，该多种材料包括：纤维素制品，诸如瓦楞纸板、纸板、纸料；热塑性塑料，诸如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、聚酰胺、聚交酯、聚苯并咪唑、聚碳酸酯、聚醚砜、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯和前述任一种的嵌段共聚物，其中前述热塑性材料中的至少一种构成共聚物的大部分重量而无视聚合物或共聚物的立构规整度；热固性塑料，诸如聚酯、聚脲、聚氨酯、聚脲/聚氨酯、环氧树脂、乙烯基酯；金属，诸如铝、镁以及前述金属中的任何一种的合金，其中前述金属中的至少一种构成合金的大部分重量；由聚氨酯、聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯或者气凝胶形成的泡沫，而不管泡沫是开孔还是闭孔。在中空结构芯的某些实施例例如12中，界定孔24的壁26的顶部边缘形成诸如六边形、圆形、菱形、三角形、平行四边形和规则四边形、蜂窝、菱形、正方形、三角形、平行四边形、圆形或它们的组合这样的各种形状的阵列。在一些实施例中，壁26的厚度与面17与17'之间的最大线性范围的比率在0.01-10:1之间。在这样的实施例中，壁厚范围从0.1mm到100mm。
粘合层20、22由热塑性或可固化制剂中的一者形成，可以是胶水形式的聚氨酯或聚氨酯预聚物粘合剂、湿固化粘合剂、反应性热熔粘合剂或聚氨酯树脂。如图3所示，由于施加到表面片材14与中空结构芯12之间以及结构表皮16与中空结构芯12之间的粘合层20、22的压缩力，粘合剂20、22被设计成在与面17和壁26的接触部上具有初始粘度以部分地填充中空结构芯12的孔24。粘合层20、22的粘度确保在粘合剂达到最终强度之前粘合剂不会过度流入中空结构芯中界定的孔内。因此，用于表面片材和结构表皮与中空结构芯之间的粘合的粘合表面积比表面处的壁的表面积大至少5％。这种增加的粘合表面积减少了复合夹层10的部件的分层，并且令人惊讶地允许使用不表现出结合线透穿的更薄的表面片材。由于将粘合剂表面积覆盖率从10％增加到50％的表面积，使得相对昂贵的高光泽表面片材的厚度从1.5mm减少到1.3mm到0.8mm之间，同时仍然防止结合线透穿。
复合夹层板10的高光泽表面片材14由片状模塑料(SMC)、热塑性塑料、二环戊二烯(DCPD)、包覆成型聚氨酯(PU)或它们的组合形成。根据实施例，表面片材14是具有高光泽表面15的高光泽表面片材。表面片材14可以包括填充材料30以增强和/或助于降低高光泽度表面片材14的重量。填充材料30是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、天然纤维、中空或实心玻璃微球，或它们的组合中的任一种，或它们的组合。纤维可以是定向的或非定向的。在SMC形成高光泽表面的一些本发明实施例中，此处使用由Continental Structural Plastics,Inc.(大陆结构塑料有限公司)出售的商品名
Figure BDA0003464661000000071
和
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ULTRA-LITETM的树脂封装。其示例性配方详述于U.S.7700670、WO2017/184761和U.S.7524547B2。应当理解，高光泽片材常规地包括用于保持维度的添加剂。这些添加剂常规地包括玻璃纤维；碳纤维；无机颗粒填料，例如碳酸钙、滑石和炭黑；玻璃微球；碳纳米管；石墨烯；低轮廓添加剂；除水剂；以及它们的组合。在不考虑边缘的情况下，本发明的高光泽表面片材的典型厚度在0.5至5毫米(mm)的范围内。
根据实施例，着色剂被添加到形成复合夹层板10的高光泽表面片材14的片状模塑料(SMC)、热塑性塑料、二环戊二烯(DCPD)、包覆成型聚氨酯(PU)或其组合中。因此，由这样的复合夹层板10形成的车辆部件构造52、52'和52”的外表面设置有车辆外部的颜色，从而消除了额外的部件精加工处理，例如打底漆和涂漆。
如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，考虑到所使用的材料和必要的成形工艺，高光泽表面片材往往是待制造的相对密实的部件和昂贵的部分，以保持适合于A级车身部分的最小可感知的表面缺陷。为了降低复合夹层板材10的成本和重量，相应地期望减小高光泽表面片材14的厚度，使其尽可能薄。还应当理解，当高光泽表面片材14的厚度减小时，高光泽表面片材14在由中空结构芯12上方的面17的有限部分支撑时易于变形。尽管第一粘合层20的大接触表面积的结果是有利的，但是在一些本发明的实施例中，布材19嵌入第一粘合层20中。
结构表皮16通过第二粘合层22粘附到中空结构芯12的第二侧。结构表皮16由纤维毡、热塑性片材或SMC形成，纤维毡具有非定向、非编织纤维、单向或编织纤维。结构表皮16提供坚固耐用的表面。在一些实施例中，结构表皮16终止于表面片材14的背侧以封装中空结构芯12。
根据某些实施例，复合夹层板材10通过在中空结构芯12的孔24内放置吸音和/或吸热材料来提供消音、阻燃、隔热或其组合。根据实施例，中空结构芯12的孔24由填充物49至少部分地填充。该填充例示性地包括泡沫颗粒、阻燃剂或相变材料。本文可使用的相变材料包括蜡或无机盐水合物。
表面片材14和结构表皮16沿复合夹层板材10的边缘33A-33D结合在一起以形成密封，分别如图4A-4D所示。在其中复合复合夹层面板组件10的所有边缘被密封的某些实施例中，中空结构芯12被完全封闭并且抑制湿气进入复合夹层面板组件10的内部。在由复合夹层面板组件10形成的本发明的车辆部件构件52、52'和52”的部件暴露于包括阳光、雪、湿气和雨水这样的自然因素的情况下，考虑到部件内的水分的冷冻解冻循环会引起复合夹层面板组件10的膨胀和潜在缺陷，会导致对车辆部件构件52、52'和52”的损坏，因此防止湿气进入复合夹层板材10的内部是重要的。另外，在其中中空结构芯12由诸如纸的亲水材料形成的实施例中，复合夹层面板组件10内的水分将破坏中空结构芯12并使部件失效。
图4A-4D分别示出了根据本公开的将表面片材14和结构表皮16结合在一起以形成密封边缘33A-33D的方式的各种实施例。在一些本发明的实施例中，弹性垫圈34在33C处设置在表面片材14与结构表皮16之间以使边缘33C更防水。应当理解，垫圈容易包括在其它边缘接合部33A、33B和33D中。垫圈35在更广泛的使用条件范围内增强了边缘密封的维护。
本领域普通技术人员将理解，为了在表面片材14与结构表皮16之间形成边缘密封，表面片材14和结构表皮16中的至少一者需要足够的材料来包裹围绕复合夹层体10的边缘。根据实施例，表面片材14和结构表皮16中的至少一者的尺寸大于最终复合部件的尺寸，使得材料能够包裹在最终边缘复合夹层10的周围。根据某些实施例，表面片材14和结构表皮16中的至少一这预成型为使得其具有从片材材料的平面大致垂直延伸的边缘。
根据实施例，一旦形成边缘密封，就从复合夹层切割多余的材料。如图4A所示，结构表皮16的多余材料已经通过压靠由表面片材14形成的凹口35A的刃或槽刨机而从复合夹层组件10剪切。在图4B中，通过与表面片材14的肩部35B接合的工具去除多余材料而形成边缘33B。在图4C中，通过与表面片材14的肩部35C接合的工具去除多余材料而形成边缘33C。此外，如图4D所示，表面片材14和结构表皮16中的一者或两者的多余材料利用压靠肩部35D的工具而修整。
假设复合夹层板材10的表面片材14和结构表皮16结合在一起以形成密封边缘33A-33D，从而保护表面片材14和结构表皮16内的中空结构芯12，则本发明的车辆部件构造52、52'、52”的实施例可以浸入油漆中以进行精加工。根据实施例，车辆部件构造52、52'和52”被电涂覆，即车辆部件构造52、52'和52”浸没在被吸引到高光泽表面14的带电涂层中以均匀地涂覆车辆部件构造52、52'和52”。
再次参考图1，本发明的车辆部件的实施例包括车辆部件构造罩52、车顶结构52'和车身面板52”。如图6所示，罩52的实施例包括锁定机构64。锁定机构64位于由复合夹层板材10的结构表皮16界定的罩52的内表面60上。根据实施例，附接到罩52的锁定机构成形且形成，其可以包括在罩的内表面60中切出一个开口，该开口对应于锁定机构64的形状和预期位置。锁定机构64可以包括闩锁和锁扣，它们被构造为彼此协作以将罩52保持于相对于车辆框架的关闭位置。根据实施例，罩52包括位于罩52的内表面60上的把手63。把手63被构造为致动锁定机构64。
根据实施例，罩52包括多个铰链68，其将罩52可移动地装接到车辆框架。根据实施例，铰链68装接到复合构造52的内表面60。根据实施例，复合构造52的内表面60包括在形状和预期位置方面对应于铰链68的多个切口。通过从复合构造52的内表面60的材料中切出切口或通过在形成复合构造52的内表面60时利用成型在框架中形成切口，而在复合构造52的内表面60中形成这些切口。根据实施例，切口沿着复合构造52的内表面60的边缘定位，如图6所示。在这种情况下，罩52绕铰链68枢转以向上移动到打开位置。
如图5所示，本发明的车辆部件构造52、52'、52”的实施例包括嵌入车辆部件的复合夹层板材10内的导管系统120。如图5所示，导管系统120嵌入形成车辆部件构造52、52'、52”的复合夹板组件10的中空结构芯部12中。根据实施例，导管系统120包括在车辆部件形成之前成型到复合夹层10的中空结构芯部12中的管或线。根据实施例，导管系统120包括电线、通风管道或加热元件。因此，本发明的罩52、车顶结构52'或车身面板52”的实施例能够包括诸如扬声器、灯、用于调节车辆内气候的通风口以及用于去除存在于车辆部件上的冰或雪的除霜元件这样的特征。各种车辆部件的导管系统120被配置为彼此对齐以形成贯穿车辆的单个连接的导管系统，以将本发明的车辆部件的各自的电线、通风管道和/或加热元件与类似的车辆的电线、通风管道和/或加热元件连接以正常工作。
根据罩52的实施例，包括安全电缆51，其被配置为装接在罩52与车身之间。根据实施例，安全电缆51在安全电缆51的第一端处嵌入罩52中并且在安全电缆51的相反端处可装接到车身的框架。因此，安全电缆51在铰链68之外的点处将罩52连接到车身。因此，在铰链68发生碰撞或故障的情况下，罩52保持连接于车身。
说明书中提到的专利文献和出版物表明了本发明所属领域的技术人员的水平。这些文献和出版物通过引用并入本文，其程度等同于每个单独的文献或出版物通过引用而具体且独立地并入本文。
上述描述是对本发明的特定实施例的说明，但并不意味着对其本发明的实施的限制。以下权利要求，包括其所有等同物，旨在限定本发明的范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆部件构造，包括：
由复合夹层材料形成的面板，所述复合夹层材料包括：中空结构芯，该中空结构芯界定多个孔；高光泽表面片材，该高光泽表面片材通过第一粘合层粘附到所述中空结构芯的第一面；以及结构表皮，该结构表皮通过第二粘合层粘附到所述中空结构芯的第二面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述面板的外表面由所述复合夹层板材的所述高光泽表面片材所界定，并且所述面板的相反设置的内表面由所述复合夹层材料的所述结构表皮所界定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，还包括以下的任意一个：锁定机构，该锁定机构定位在所述面板的内表面上；把手，该把手定位在所述面板的内表面上；多个铰链，该多个铰链装接到所述面板的内表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述中空结构芯是阵列。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述中空结构芯由以下至少一种形成：纤维素制品、热塑性塑料、热固性塑料、金属或泡沫。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层1材料的所述高光泽表面片材由以下任一种形成：片状模塑料(SMC)、热塑性片材、二环戊二烯(DCPD)或包覆成型聚氨酯(PU)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材还包含填料。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材还包含着色剂。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材具有0.5mm至3.5mm的厚度。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材的厚度与所述中空结构芯的厚度的比率为0.01-1:1。
11.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料具有介于所述高光泽表面片材与所述中空结构芯之间的布。
12.根据权利要求11所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述布被嵌入所述第一粘合层中，并且所述表面片材是具有小于1.5mm的厚度并且仍然具有高光泽表面的SMC。
13.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述第一粘合层接触所述中空结构芯的内部体积。
14.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述结构表皮由纤维毡形成。
15.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述第一粘合层和所述复合夹层材料的所述第二粘合层各自独立地为聚氨酯或聚氨酯预聚物、湿固化粘合剂、反应性热熔粘合剂或聚氨酯树脂。
16.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料在所述中空结构芯的孔中具有填充物，所述填充物为消音泡沫、阻燃剂或相变材料中的至少一者。
17.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，还包括装接到所述结构表皮的装饰层。
18.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材和所述复合夹层材料的所述结构表皮结合在一起，以形成界定防潮密封的边缘。
19.根据权利要求18所述的车辆部件构造，还包括垫圈，该垫圈在所述边缘处设置在所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材与所述结构表皮之间。
20.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆部件构造，其中，所述复合夹层材料的所述高光泽表面片材是平均厚度为从1.5mm至5mm的SMC，并且所述复合夹层材料的所述中空结构芯的孔直径为6mm至25mm。
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