CN114096243A - 鉴定PPM1D突变作为NAMPTi敏感性的新型生物标志物 - Google Patents
鉴定PPM1D突变作为NAMPTi敏感性的新型生物标志物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114096243A CN114096243A CN201980084245.8A CN201980084245A CN114096243A CN 114096243 A CN114096243 A CN 114096243A CN 201980084245 A CN201980084245 A CN 201980084245A CN 114096243 A CN114096243 A CN 114096243A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ppm1d
- cancer
- subject
- leu
- lys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title description 22
- 239000000101 novel biomarker Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 101000742054 Homo sapiens Protein phosphatase 1D Proteins 0.000 title description 2
- 102100038675 Protein phosphatase 1D Human genes 0.000 title description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 108010064862 Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 102000015532 Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 108700019535 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000045595 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 108
- KPBNHDGDUADAGP-VAWYXSNFSA-N FK-866 Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1/C=C/C(=O)NCCCCC(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KPBNHDGDUADAGP-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 claims description 45
- 229950006238 nadide Drugs 0.000 claims description 44
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 206010018338 Glioma Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- DLFCEZOMHBPDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[5-methyl-4-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylmethyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]-n-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound CC=1OC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)NCC=2C=NC=CC=2)=NC=1CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 DLFCEZOMHBPDGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NGQPRVWTFNBUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonylamino]methyl]-n-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NCC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC=2C=NC=CC=2)C=C1 NGQPRVWTFNBUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000032612 Glial tumor Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- SJOLTIOPWDLDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(2-phenylphenyl)-8-[4-(3-pyridinyl)-1-triazolyl]octanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1NC(=O)CCCCCCCN(N=N1)C=C1C1=CC=CN=C1 SJOLTIOPWDLDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 5
- BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temozolomide Chemical compound O=C1N(C)N=NC2=C(C(N)=O)N=CN21 BPEGJWRSRHCHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004964 temozolomide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940101270 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QHHSCLARESIWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-[2-(2-pyridin-3-yloxyacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-6-yl]propane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CS(=O)(=O)Nc1ccc2CN(CCc2c1)C(=O)COc1cccnc1 QHHSCLARESIWBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CEPAXRIKSUXHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-N-[3-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propyl]-4-pyridin-4-ylbenzamide Chemical group FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C#CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)NCCCC1=CNN=C1)C1=CC=NC=C1 CEPAXRIKSUXHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100464893 Homo sapiens PPM1D gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150109373 PPM1D gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- MRFOPLWJZULAQD-SWGQDTFXSA-N c1nc(N)ccc1\C=C\C(=O)NCc1cc2cc(-c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)N3CCC(F)(F)CC3)cc(-c3ccc(F)cc3)c2o1 Chemical compound c1nc(N)ccc1\C=C\C(=O)NCc1cc2cc(-c3ccc(cc3)C(=O)N3CCC(F)(F)CC3)cc(-c3ccc(F)cc3)c2o1 MRFOPLWJZULAQD-SWGQDTFXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N etoposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H](C)OC[C@H]4O3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005420 etoposide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LKBHAGGICJWHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfonylphenyl]methyl]-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(CNC(=O)C=3C=C4C=NNC4=NC=3)=CC=2)=C1 LKBHAGGICJWHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 70
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 68
- 208000028919 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma Diseases 0.000 description 61
- 102000000780 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 58
- 108700040046 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 45
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 43
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 40
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 25
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 18
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 17
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 14
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 108091029523 CpG island Proteins 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000006607 hypermethylation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 108091033409 CRISPR Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102100039905 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000020956 nicotinamide riboside Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011618 nicotinamide riboside Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 101001042041 Bos taurus Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 101000960234 Homo sapiens Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002487 chromatin immunoprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 102100034533 Histone H2AX Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 101001067891 Homo sapiens Histone H2AX Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 8
- JLEBZPBDRKPWTD-TURQNECASA-O N-ribosylnicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)=C1 JLEBZPBDRKPWTD-TURQNECASA-O 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N NADP zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYVNIFSIEDRLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine Chemical compound NC=1NC(=O)N=CC=1CO RYVNIFSIEDRLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010354 CRISPR gene editing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108020005004 Guide RNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 antagonists Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 6
- YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N cycloheximide Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)CC1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 XAUDJQYHKZQPEU-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007067 DNA methylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000880493 Leptailurus serval Species 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960003603 decitabine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012226 gene silencing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 5
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 108010003700 lysyl aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101150116327 NAPRT gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108010054155 lysyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 4
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 5-azacytidine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010004229 GSK2830371 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108700039691 Genetic Promoter Regions Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010033040 Histones Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003140 astrocytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002756 azacitidine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001973 epigenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010362 genome editing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010025306 histidylleucine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000001114 immunoprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007909 melt granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000028617 response to DNA damage stimulus Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009269 systemic vascular permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000003026 viability measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,5'-bibenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C=3NC4=CC(=CC=C4N=3)N3CCN(C)CC3)C=C2N1 PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLTKNGYYPIWKHZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ala-Ala-Glu Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O YLTKNGYYPIWKHZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100437175 Aspergillus niger (strain ATCC 1015 / CBS 113.46 / FGSC A1144 / LSHB Ac4 / NCTC 3858a / NRRL 328 / USDA 3528.7) azaC gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LGYZYFFDELZWRS-DCAQKATOSA-N Glu-Glu-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LGYZYFFDELZWRS-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010065920 Insulin Lispro Proteins 0.000 description 2
- FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Phenylalanyl-L-lysin Natural products NCCCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- WIDZHJTYKYBLSR-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Glu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O WIDZHJTYKYBLSR-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000008300 Mutant Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010021466 Mutant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-valine Natural products CC(C)C(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- LGSANCBHSMDFDY-GARJFASQSA-N Pro-Glu-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)O LGSANCBHSMDFDY-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPMRXBZYPGYPJN-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Gly-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O BPMRXBZYPGYPJN-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000002847 Surgical Wound Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHHAWNPHDLCPLF-ULQDDVLXSA-N Val-Phe-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MHHAWNPHDLCPLF-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQMPYVLTQCGRSK-IFFSRLJSSA-N Val-Thr-Gln Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O UQMPYVLTQCGRSK-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LLJLBRRXKZTTRD-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Val-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N LLJLBRRXKZTTRD-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010005233 alanylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010062796 arginyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010040443 aspartyl-aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000011717 athymic nude mouse Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005415 bioluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029918 bioluminescence Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007894 caplet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SENPVEZBRZQVST-HISDBWNOSA-N deamido-NAD zwitterion Chemical compound [N+]1([C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2O)O)COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]2O)O)N2C=3N=CN=C(C=3N=C2)N)=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 SENPVEZBRZQVST-HISDBWNOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl laurate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC MMXKVMNBHPAILY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010055341 glutamyl-glutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-DL-alpha-alanine Natural products OC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CN VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000226 haematotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010051779 histone H3 trimethyl Lys4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010073472 leucyl-prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010057821 leucylproline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010064235 lysylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-ZYUZMQFOSA-L nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) Chemical compound O1[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-ZYUZMQFOSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000541 pulsatile effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007480 sanger sequencing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037426 transcriptional repression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010038745 tryptophylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010051110 tyrosyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 231100000747 viability assay Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-IHRRRGAJSA-N (2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOUIAHOPEGZYFE-JPLJXNOCSA-N (3S)-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O NOUIAHOPEGZYFE-JPLJXNOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOIPLTNGIAPDBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-1-cyano-3-pyridin-4-ylguanidine Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OCCCCCCN=C(NC#N)NC1=CC=NC=C1 BOIPLTNGIAPDBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Azacytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)N=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SVBXIUDNTRTKHE-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O SVBXIUDNTRTKHE-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWPXGQCMZITGFN-XVYDVKMFSA-N Ala-Cys-His Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N HWPXGQCMZITGFN-XVYDVKMFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPGBXANAQYHTLA-DRZSPHRISA-N Ala-Gln-Phe Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JPGBXANAQYHTLA-DRZSPHRISA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPAHAKGPDUIPJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Gln-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O CZPAHAKGPDUIPJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBHOPGDGELNWRH-DRZSPHRISA-N Ala-Glu-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O FBHOPGDGELNWRH-DRZSPHRISA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVZMOUUZINZCK-LKTVYLICSA-N Ala-Glu-Trp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O YEVZMOUUZINZCK-LKTVYLICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010076441 Ala-His-His Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NYDBKUNVSALYPX-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ala-Ile-Arg Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N NYDBKUNVSALYPX-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNZHHDPWDWQJCQ-YUMQZZPRSA-N Ala-Leu-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O MNZHHDPWDWQJCQ-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEFILNJXAVSUTO-JXUBOQSCSA-N Ala-Leu-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O MEFILNJXAVSUTO-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQESEZXHYOUIIM-CQDKDKBSSA-N Ala-Lys-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O KQESEZXHYOUIIM-CQDKDKBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDNAVFBZPROEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ala-Lys-Val Natural products CC(C)C(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C)N)CCCCN MDNAVFBZPROEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIWKVCDQMCNKOZ-UVBJJODRSA-N Ala-Met-Trp Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N XIWKVCDQMCNKOZ-UVBJJODRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWFWAXPOLRTDFZ-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Pro-Ser Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O XWFWAXPOLRTDFZ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOVPGJUNRLMIOZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Ser-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N HOVPGJUNRLMIOZ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZGRHTKZFSVPAN-BIIVOSGPSA-N Ala-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N NZGRHTKZFSVPAN-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJHKTAMKPGFJCT-NRPADANISA-N Ala-Val-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O YJHKTAMKPGFJCT-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012099 Alexa Fluor family Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019489 Almond oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPSGESXVBSQZPL-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Arg-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O XPSGESXVBSQZPL-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWVPYNGMOCSSGK-GUBZILKMSA-N Arg-Arg-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O VWVPYNGMOCSSGK-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UISQLSIBJKEJSS-GUBZILKMSA-N Arg-Arg-Ser Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O UISQLSIBJKEJSS-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHPWQERCDZTTNB-FXQIFTODSA-N Arg-Cys-Cys Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N AHPWQERCDZTTNB-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAODJPUKWNNNRP-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Glu-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O QAODJPUKWNNNRP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKRSYHCNPFGMTA-CIUDSAMLSA-N Arg-Glu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O RKRSYHCNPFGMTA-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNILFJYKKHBKE-WPRPVWTQSA-N Arg-Gly-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NKNILFJYKKHBKE-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLYANDHDFRGGTM-PYJNHQTQSA-N Arg-Ile-His Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N FLYANDHDFRGGTM-PYJNHQTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVMUGODRNHFGRA-AVGNSLFASA-N Arg-Leu-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O LVMUGODRNHFGRA-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- COXMUHNBYCVVRG-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Leu-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O COXMUHNBYCVVRG-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEOCWTUOMKEEMF-RHYQMDGZSA-N Arg-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O JEOCWTUOMKEEMF-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZGOKWBHLOCHK-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Lys-Asn Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N SSZGOKWBHLOCHK-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIQBRKVTFBWEDY-RHYQMDGZSA-N Arg-Lys-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O RIQBRKVTFBWEDY-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVQJAKFLFTZDNC-GUBZILKMSA-N Arg-Pro-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O OVQJAKFLFTZDNC-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATABBWFGOHKROJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Arg-Pro-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O ATABBWFGOHKROJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRBAHXABMQXSJQ-FXQIFTODSA-N Arg-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FRBAHXABMQXSJQ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSUXEQYPYZLNER-QXEWZRGKSA-N Arg-Val-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O PSUXEQYPYZLNER-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRCVLJZIIFBSPF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Ala-Cys Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N BRCVLJZIIFBSPF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXFCBAHYSLJCCY-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Asn-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O KXFCBAHYSLJCCY-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXAOXVBAWLMTDR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Cys-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N XXAOXVBAWLMTDR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJTWLBMESLDOMK-WDSKDSINSA-N Asn-Gln-Gly Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O VJTWLBMESLDOMK-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLGCWMNDJTWQAG-GUBZILKMSA-N Asn-Glu-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O OLGCWMNDJTWQAG-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYQYLOSCICEYTR-YUMQZZPRSA-N Asn-Gly-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HYQYLOSCICEYTR-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQRDIVQPSMPQME-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Asn-Ile-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O GQRDIVQPSMPQME-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHETWELNCBMRMG-HJGDQZAQSA-N Asn-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O FHETWELNCBMRMG-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYCPJVYQYARFGB-YDHLFZDLSA-N Asn-Phe-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O UYCPJVYQYARFGB-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOXUBGLNDRGOKT-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Ser-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O OOXUBGLNDRGOKT-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGXYFDQFLVCDFC-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asn-Ser-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O UGXYFDQFLVCDFC-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQTNHANMRPOE-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asn-Thr-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O AMGQTNHANMRPOE-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHVAFXKOYAHOY-NHCYSSNCSA-N Asn-Val-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O CBHVAFXKOYAHOY-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNDBHLITCHRSO-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asp-Ala-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O HPNDBHLITCHRSO-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBQSLMACWDXWLJ-GHCJXIJMSA-N Asp-Ala-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O XBQSLMACWDXWLJ-GHCJXIJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NECWUSYTYSIFNC-DLOVCJGASA-N Asp-Ala-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NECWUSYTYSIFNC-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVFOIXMRMLROHO-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Asp-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SVFOIXMRMLROHO-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAWMGHSCHKSDK-GUBZILKMSA-N Asp-Gln-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N SNAWMGHSCHKSDK-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILLWIDTHYPSLC-PEFMBERDSA-N Asp-Glu-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O VILLWIDTHYPSLC-PEFMBERDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSVJVIOVABDTTL-YUMQZZPRSA-N Asp-Gly-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N ZSVJVIOVABDTTL-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCVXMEHGFUMKCO-YUMQZZPRSA-N Asp-Gly-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O QCVXMEHGFUMKCO-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODNWIBOCFGMRTP-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-His-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 ODNWIBOCFGMRTP-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTXQQDVBACBSCW-CFMVVWHZSA-N Asp-Ile-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O RTXQQDVBACBSCW-CFMVVWHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWOGMPWRQQWPPF-GUBZILKMSA-N Asp-Leu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O DWOGMPWRQQWPPF-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNGZKSVJFDZICU-XIRDDKMYSA-N Asp-Leu-Trp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N WNGZKSVJFDZICU-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJZSLQJNBSUPM-FXQIFTODSA-N Asp-Pro-Asn Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O BWJZSLQJNBSUPM-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHWRSSLYSGLBGD-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Pro-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O AHWRSSLYSGLBGD-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAXIKORUDGGIGA-DCAQKATOSA-N Asp-Pro-Lys Chemical compound C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O UAXIKORUDGGIGA-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DINOVZWPTMGSRF-QXEWZRGKSA-N Asp-Pro-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O DINOVZWPTMGSRF-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSFHZPQUAAQHAQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O QSFHZPQUAAQHAQ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRVQDZOWMLFAOD-BIIVOSGPSA-N Asp-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)C(=O)O HRVQDZOWMLFAOD-BIIVOSGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYPJXLLXNSAWHZ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O XYPJXLLXNSAWHZ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCACQYDBDHRVGE-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asp-Thr-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O GCACQYDBDHRVGE-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFJUYBCDQBAYAJ-YDHLFZDLSA-N Asp-Val-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SFJUYBCDQBAYAJ-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKXVTTIQNKPCHU-KKHAAJSZSA-N Asp-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O RKXVTTIQNKPCHU-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031648 Body Weight Changes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DCJNIJAWIRPPBB-CIUDSAMLSA-N Cys-Ala-Lys Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N DCJNIJAWIRPPBB-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLDCTNHPILWQCW-CIUDSAMLSA-N Cys-Arg-Glu Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N)CN=C(N)N CLDCTNHPILWQCW-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJXSYJVCMUOUNY-SRVKXCTJSA-N Cys-Ser-Phe Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N HJXSYJVCMUOUNY-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPSSIBVVKSOIE-SRVKXCTJSA-N Cys-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)N)O IXPSSIBVVKSOIE-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGWIXHCFVSSVHX-IHPCNDPISA-N Cys-Tyr-Trp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O NGWIXHCFVSSVHX-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQNZIAGMRXOFJX-GUBZILKMSA-N Cys-Val-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O GQNZIAGMRXOFJX-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUEDDPCUCPRQNY-ZYUZMQFOSA-N D-ribosylnicotinate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 PUEDDPCUCPRQNY-ZYUZMQFOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012623 DNA damaging agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012650 DNA demethylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045805 DNA demethylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000026641 DNA hypermethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006429 DNA hypomethylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033616 DNA repair Effects 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000331 Firefly luciferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYTPNWYZORARHL-XHNCKOQMSA-N Gln-Ala-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N OYTPNWYZORARHL-XHNCKOQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKAQZCDMSUQTSS-FXQIFTODSA-N Gln-Asp-Gln Chemical compound C(CC(=O)N)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N RKAQZCDMSUQTSS-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEYMBRRKIFYQMF-GUBZILKMSA-N Gln-Asp-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O XEYMBRRKIFYQMF-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCAVASRGVBVPMX-FXQIFTODSA-N Gln-Glu-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O MCAVASRGVBVPMX-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDSQGHKTLSNEA-GLLZPBPUSA-N Gln-Glu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O DRDSQGHKTLSNEA-GLLZPBPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFVXLVGUJBCKRX-UKJIMTQDSA-N Gln-Ile-Val Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N FFVXLVGUJBCKRX-UKJIMTQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZRAXPGTUNDIDK-GUBZILKMSA-N Gln-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N VZRAXPGTUNDIDK-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKXCBKCOSVIGCT-AVGNSLFASA-N Gln-Lys-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O FKXCBKCOSVIGCT-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QENSHQJGWGRPQS-QEJZJMRPSA-N Gln-Ser-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QENSHQJGWGRPQS-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFHOVYUYSNDNY-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Ala-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O RUFHOVYUYSNDNY-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDDSZZJOKDVPAE-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Asn-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O RDDSZZJOKDVPAE-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZZOGXDUQSVQF-NUMRIWBASA-N Glu-Asn-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)O VAZZOGXDUQSVQF-NUMRIWBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXCDTYBVGMPIOA-FXQIFTODSA-N Glu-Asp-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XXCDTYBVGMPIOA-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVCHEMOPBORRLB-DCAQKATOSA-N Glu-Gln-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O LVCHEMOPBORRLB-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKLRYVLERDYDBI-FXQIFTODSA-N Glu-Glu-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O NKLRYVLERDYDBI-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHONAZGUEGIOEM-GLLZPBPUSA-N Glu-Glu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O PHONAZGUEGIOEM-GLLZPBPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRGZZKWSBGPLKL-IUCAKERBSA-N Glu-Gly-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N KRGZZKWSBGPLKL-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJPQBTJSYCKCNS-HVTMNAMFSA-N Glu-His-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N NJPQBTJSYCKCNS-HVTMNAMFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWABFSSWTSAMQN-KBIXCLLPSA-N Glu-Ile-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O ZWABFSSWTSAMQN-KBIXCLLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGUYMZGLJUJRBV-YVNDNENWSA-N Glu-Ile-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O VGUYMZGLJUJRBV-YVNDNENWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKBUCXNNBYZYAY-MNXVOIDGSA-N Glu-Lys-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O YKBUCXNNBYZYAY-MNXVOIDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQNYKMCFCCZEEL-JYJNAYRXSA-N Glu-Lys-Tyr Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 AQNYKMCFCCZEEL-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZISRJBYZAODRV-XQXXSGGOSA-N Glu-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O HZISRJBYZAODRV-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAGKYCXGTRUUFI-RYUDHWBXSA-N Glu-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)O HAGKYCXGTRUUFI-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHPEHMXOYTEQG-LAEOZQHASA-N Glu-Val-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O YPHPEHMXOYTEQG-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGCIHJPYKVSMTE-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O OGCIHJPYKVSMTE-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFMBRBPXHVMDFN-UWVGGRQHSA-N Gly-Arg-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CCCNC(N)=N KFMBRBPXHVMDFN-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQLHORCVPGXDJW-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Gln-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN AQLHORCVPGXDJW-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZPVGIVFMZLQMM-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Gln-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN YZPVGIVFMZLQMM-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPVTZJUUBPZKW-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Gln-Ser Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O GNPVTZJUUBPZKW-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIQQRCFQXGLOSZ-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Glu-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O FIQQRCFQXGLOSZ-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUBDONGMHASUCN-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Glu-His Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(O)=O JUBDONGMHASUCN-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHRXAHLCRMQBGJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N Gly-Glu-Phe Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CN LHRXAHLCRMQBGJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSNNHGHYGYMVCK-XVKPBYJWSA-N Gly-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O JSNNHGHYGYMVCK-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAQATDNEKZFFK-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Gly-Ser Chemical compound NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O YWAQATDNEKZFFK-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADZGCWWDPFDHCY-ZETCQYMHSA-N Gly-His-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CN=CN1 ADZGCWWDPFDHCY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGKBSGNCMCLDSL-BYULHYEWSA-N Gly-Ile-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN DGKBSGNCMCLDSL-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMHRTKOWRUPPNU-RCOVLWMOSA-N Gly-Ile-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(O)=O HMHRTKOWRUPPNU-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWTPDFFBLQEBOE-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Leu-Gln Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O TWTPDFFBLQEBOE-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHPAZODVFFYEEL-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Leu-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CN UHPAZODVFFYEEL-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNCSJUBVFBDDLC-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Leu-Ser Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O NNCSJUBVFBDDLC-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIIVFRCYJABHTQ-ONGXEEELSA-N Gly-Leu-Val Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O MIIVFRCYJABHTQ-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQQKUTVULYLCDG-ONGXEEELSA-N Gly-Lys-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CN)C(O)=O OQQKUTVULYLCDG-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBYOLNARKHMLBG-WHOFXGATSA-N Gly-Phe-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IBYOLNARKHMLBG-WHOFXGATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVGHHQGKPQYIL-KBPBESRZSA-N Gly-Phe-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JPVGHHQGKPQYIL-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNZOCXUOGVYYBJ-CDMKHQONSA-N Gly-Phe-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)CN)O WNZOCXUOGVYYBJ-CDMKHQONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDCRBJACQKOSMS-JSGCOSHPSA-N Gly-Phe-Val Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O VDCRBJACQKOSMS-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Ser-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SOEGEPHNZOISMT-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHVONGZZVUUORG-WEDXCCLWSA-N Gly-Thr-Lys Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN XHVONGZZVUUORG-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKSMZVCGQWVTBW-STQMWFEESA-N Gly-Trp-Asn Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O JKSMZVCGQWVTBW-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNUFMLXHOLFRLD-KBPBESRZSA-N Gly-Tyr-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PNUFMLXHOLFRLD-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNVDEMWIYLVIQU-RCOVLWMOSA-N Gly-Val-Asp Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O DNVDEMWIYLVIQU-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031181 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOFSRBYHDINIRG-QTKMDUPCSA-N His-Arg-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N)O SOFSRBYHDINIRG-QTKMDUPCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOQPTNXSGNPJNS-YUMQZZPRSA-N His-Asn-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O NOQPTNXSGNPJNS-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCNNHVQNFNJLGK-AVGNSLFASA-N His-Gln-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)N LCNNHVQNFNJLGK-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCOSMKPAOYDKRO-AVGNSLFASA-N His-Glu-Lys Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N JCOSMKPAOYDKRO-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYOLSOFODKLSP-IHPCNDPISA-N His-Leu-Trp Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CN=CN1 VGYOLSOFODKLSP-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILUVWFTXAUYOBW-CUJWVEQBSA-N His-Ser-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N)O ILUVWFTXAUYOBW-CUJWVEQBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGAMSLMBYJHMDY-ONGXEEELSA-N His-Val-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N CGAMSLMBYJHMDY-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000851176 Homo sapiens Pro-epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DPTBVFUDCPINIP-JURCDPSOSA-N Ile-Ala-Phe Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 DPTBVFUDCPINIP-JURCDPSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLRMMMQNCWBNPQ-QXEWZRGKSA-N Ile-Arg-Gly Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N QLRMMMQNCWBNPQ-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMHGKBGOUAJRHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ile-Arg-Pro Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O DMHGKBGOUAJRHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCSIQAFSIPHVAN-IUKAMOBKSA-N Ile-Asn-Thr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)N NCSIQAFSIPHVAN-IUKAMOBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GECLQMBTZCPAFY-PEFMBERDSA-N Ile-Gln-Asp Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N GECLQMBTZCPAFY-PEFMBERDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEWFWZRGBDVXRP-PEFMBERDSA-N Ile-Glu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O BEWFWZRGBDVXRP-PEFMBERDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTFVYKQRLXYAQN-LAEOZQHASA-N Ile-Glu-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O MTFVYKQRLXYAQN-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPXHYGGZJOCAFR-MNXVOIDGSA-N Ile-Glu-Leu Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)N LPXHYGGZJOCAFR-MNXVOIDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDMHTTXXPUQJH-RWRJDSDZSA-N Ile-Glu-Thr Chemical compound N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)O PNDMHTTXXPUQJH-RWRJDSDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWYOYAKMLHWMOJ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Ile-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O TWYOYAKMLHWMOJ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWVCYCYWCLQDH-NHCYSSNCSA-N Ile-Leu-Gly Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N FZWVCYCYWCLQDH-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSDPLOODKXISDT-XUXIUFHCSA-N Ile-Leu-Val Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O DSDPLOODKXISDT-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEZQYNXCYHMQS-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ile-Lys-Ala Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)N UIEZQYNXCYHMQS-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IITVUURPOYGCTD-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ile-Pro-Ala Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O IITVUURPOYGCTD-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVZFKLBRCYCIIY-CYDGBPFRSA-N Ile-Pro-Arg Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O SVZFKLBRCYCIIY-CYDGBPFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNLSTRPWUXOORL-MMWGEVLESA-N Ile-Ser-Pro Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N JNLSTRPWUXOORL-MMWGEVLESA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNMOKANDJMLAIF-CIQUZCHMSA-N Ile-Thr-Ala Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O CNMOKANDJMLAIF-CIQUZCHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWCJXQKATPNPOE-UKJIMTQDSA-N Ile-Val-Glu Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N YWCJXQKATPNPOE-UKJIMTQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710102690 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- TYYLDKGBCJGJGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-tryptophan-L-tyrosine Natural products C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TYYLDKGBCJGJGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBBKIIGCUMBKCO-JXUBOQSCSA-N Leu-Ala-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O XBBKIIGCUMBKCO-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJUKMPUELVROGK-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-Arg-His Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N FJUKMPUELVROGK-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOZCKMXHBYKOMQ-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-Arg-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N YOZCKMXHBYKOMQ-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULXYQAJWJGLCNR-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Asp-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O ULXYQAJWJGLCNR-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMEDVBWCMGRKKC-GARJFASQSA-N Leu-Asp-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N MMEDVBWCMGRKKC-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTLGVASZOIKNIX-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Gln-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N ZTLGVASZOIKNIX-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFNLIDNJUWNIJL-WDCWCFNPSA-N Leu-Glu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O ZFNLIDNJUWNIJL-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLBQJYDYOLIQAI-JYJNAYRXSA-N Leu-Glu-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O LLBQJYDYOLIQAI-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGPCJSXPPOQPBK-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Gly-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VGPCJSXPPOQPBK-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POZULHZYLPGXMR-ONGXEEELSA-N Leu-Gly-Val Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O POZULHZYLPGXMR-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHZIZVWQXJPBJS-IXOXFDKPSA-N Leu-His-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O OHZIZVWQXJPBJS-IXOXFDKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEMUSFOBZGKBGW-YTFOTSKYSA-N Leu-Ile-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O SEMUSFOBZGKBGW-YTFOTSKYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDWYLYAYNBWMP-AJNGGQMLSA-N Leu-Ile-Lys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N HNDWYLYAYNBWMP-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKSIBWITFMQTOA-XUXIUFHCSA-N Leu-Ile-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O JKSIBWITFMQTOA-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAJFFZORSWOZPQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O IAJFFZORSWOZPQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leu-Leu-Pro Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O XVZCXCTYGHPNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQJGYPTIYOFBR-IHRRRGAJSA-N Leu-Lys-Met Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)N VVQJGYPTIYOFBR-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCBPDSYUVAAHCD-UWVGGRQHSA-N Leu-Pro-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(O)=O UCBPDSYUVAAHCD-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUTNOGOMBNYPFH-XUXIUFHCSA-N Leu-Pro-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O YUTNOGOMBNYPFH-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPURXCQCHSQPAN-AVGNSLFASA-N Leu-Pro-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 DPURXCQCHSQPAN-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJKEDSZNSONPS-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Pro-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O CHJKEDSZNSONPS-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKVBOOKXVAMKSS-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Ser-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O AKVBOOKXVAMKSS-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGKHAFUAPZCCDU-BZSNNMDCSA-N Leu-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C([O-])=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JGKHAFUAPZCCDU-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUBIPAHVHMZHCM-KKUMJFAQSA-N Leu-Tyr-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VUBIPAHVHMZHCM-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBNPMTNBFFAMMH-AVGNSLFASA-N Leu-Val-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N FBNPMTNBFFAMMH-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBNPMTNBFFAMMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leu-Val-Arg Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N FBNPMTNBFFAMMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZNJZXJZBMBGGS-NHCYSSNCSA-N Leu-Val-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O XZNJZXJZBMBGGS-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012098 Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCFYLFOCALSNLQ-GUBZILKMSA-N Lys-Ala-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O JCFYLFOCALSNLQ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUKDBQGFSJUXGX-RWMBFGLXSA-N Lys-Arg-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)C(=O)O FUKDBQGFSJUXGX-RWMBFGLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQCJGQHHYZNUDK-DCAQKATOSA-N Lys-Arg-Ser Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N NQCJGQHHYZNUDK-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWWCDAGDQHTKIE-RHYQMDGZSA-N Lys-Arg-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SWWCDAGDQHTKIE-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGWXCIORNLWGGG-CIUDSAMLSA-N Lys-Asn-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O DGWXCIORNLWGGG-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBQMEXQYZMVIFU-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Asp-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N IBQMEXQYZMVIFU-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQUJSUFWEDZQQY-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Gln-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN QQUJSUFWEDZQQY-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZOHPCYVORJBLG-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Glu-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N KZOHPCYVORJBLG-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKKFVJRLCCUJNA-QWRGUYRKSA-N Lys-Gly-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN NKKFVJRLCCUJNA-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGMHXLULNHTPID-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-His-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 FGMHXLULNHTPID-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVFUVMSKSFSFBT-NHCYSSNCSA-N Lys-Ile-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN IVFUVMSKSFSFBT-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXFRGTAIIZHNHG-AJNGGQMLSA-N Lys-Ile-Leu Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N ZXFRGTAIIZHNHG-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFWLIJDQILOEPP-HSCHXYMDSA-N Lys-Ile-Trp Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N GFWLIJDQILOEPP-HSCHXYMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKXZCUCBFPEXNK-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Leu-His Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 QKXZCUCBFPEXNK-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIQSIMFSVLLWBX-VOAKCMCISA-N Lys-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O OIQSIMFSVLLWBX-VOAKCMCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYFNONMJYNJENN-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Lys-Gln Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N PYFNONMJYNJENN-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUAXTFMFMOIMAM-QWRGUYRKSA-N Lys-Lys-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(O)=O YUAXTFMFMOIMAM-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQSIGLHQNSZZRL-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Lys-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N JQSIGLHQNSZZRL-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVAUKHLDSDDROB-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Lys-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HVAUKHLDSDDROB-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATNKHRAIZCMCCN-BZSNNMDCSA-N Lys-Lys-Phe Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N ATNKHRAIZCMCCN-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDJDCJLRCYPJB-VOAKCMCISA-N Lys-Lys-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O PLDJDCJLRCYPJB-VOAKCMCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBQDRNOLGSYHQA-YUMQZZPRSA-N Lys-Ser-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SBQDRNOLGSYHQA-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQWIOPSKJOEKI-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O IOQWIOPSKJOEKI-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIMXMVDLMDMOJD-BZSNNMDCSA-N Lys-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O MIMXMVDLMDMOJD-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPQMQEOVSKMVMA-ACRUOGEOSA-N Lys-Tyr-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)O FPQMQEOVSKMVMA-ACRUOGEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000585 Mann–Whitney U test Methods 0.000 description 1
- GAELMDJMQDUDLJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N Met-Ala-Gly Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O GAELMDJMQDUDLJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQEBITVYKUCBMC-SRVKXCTJSA-N Met-Arg-Arg Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O JQEBITVYKUCBMC-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHITVQKJXQQGLJ-LPEHRKFASA-N Met-Asn-Pro Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N IHITVQKJXQQGLJ-LPEHRKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- USBFEVBHEQBWDD-AVGNSLFASA-N Met-Leu-Val Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O USBFEVBHEQBWDD-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBGGTAPDGFQMKF-AVGNSLFASA-N Met-Lys-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O VBGGTAPDGFQMKF-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIIJWIAORKTXAH-FJXKBIBVSA-N Met-Thr-Gly Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O CIIJWIAORKTXAH-FJXKBIBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQPZCTBSLIIMBL-BPUTZDHNSA-N Met-Trp-Ser Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N SQPZCTBSLIIMBL-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alanyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-methionyl-L-tyrosine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZNQNBZMBZJQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-glycyl-L-proline Natural products NCC(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O KZNQNBZMBZJQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010079364 N-glycylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQVUABVGYYSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nalpha-L-Leucyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)CC(C)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 BQVUABVGYYSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940121753 Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SXJGROGVINAYSH-AVGNSLFASA-N Phe-Gln-Asp Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N SXJGROGVINAYSH-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFHRXJOZEXUKLV-IRXDYDNUSA-N Phe-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WFHRXJOZEXUKLV-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYPMIZMXDECSU-JYJNAYRXSA-N Phe-Leu-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KDYPMIZMXDECSU-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUJWXNGCAQWLEI-KBPBESRZSA-N Phe-Lys-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(O)=O AUJWXNGCAQWLEI-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKJSIYKSGIDHPM-WBAXXEDZSA-N Phe-Phe-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1ccccc1)C(O)=O JKJSIYKSGIDHPM-WBAXXEDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPLWGAYGROGDEN-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Phe-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O GPLWGAYGROGDEN-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BONHGTUEEPIMPM-AVGNSLFASA-N Phe-Ser-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O BONHGTUEEPIMPM-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCIXMYKSPQUMJG-SRVKXCTJSA-N Phe-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O MCIXMYKSPQUMJG-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHSRGEODDALISP-XVSYOHENSA-N Phe-Thr-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O JHSRGEODDALISP-XVSYOHENSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSSXKZBDKZAHCX-UNQGMJICSA-N Phe-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O MSSXKZBDKZAHCX-UNQGMJICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710169169 Polyprenol monophosphomannose synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DZZCICYRSZASNF-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Ala-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 DZZCICYRSZASNF-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIZQGKLMXKGDIV-BQBZGAKWSA-N Pro-Ala-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 KIZQGKLMXKGDIV-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYQSMXKJYTZYRP-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Ala-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 FYQSMXKJYTZYRP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVPQXMCQKXARZ-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Cys-Ser Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O HQVPQXMCQKXARZ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXEYSLRNNPWCRN-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Glu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O NXEYSLRNNPWCRN-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEWBZBLXDKIQPS-STQMWFEESA-N Pro-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O QEWBZBLXDKIQPS-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWMUAKQOVYCQJQ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Pro-Ile-Glu Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 KWMUAKQOVYCQJQ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLJLVCYFABNTHP-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Leu-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O CLJLVCYFABNTHP-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYSXOCIWCPFOCG-IHRRRGAJSA-N Pro-Leu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O XYSXOCIWCPFOCG-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HATVCTYBNCNMAA-AVGNSLFASA-N Pro-Leu-Met Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O HATVCTYBNCNMAA-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQPHBAKJJJZOBX-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Lys-Glu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XQPHBAKJJJZOBX-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFIVLLFYUZZWOD-RHYQMDGZSA-N Pro-Lys-Thr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O WFIVLLFYUZZWOD-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYKUEXMZYFIZKA-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Pro-Gln Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O FYKUEXMZYFIZKA-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBUAPZAZPWNYSW-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Pro-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1 KBUAPZAZPWNYSW-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNGZLPOXVRTNMB-LPEHRKFASA-N Pro-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)O SNGZLPOXVRTNMB-LPEHRKFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDXAAQVMNLJFQ-KZVJFYERSA-N Pro-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O KIDXAAQVMNLJFQ-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVXQQUWOKUZIEG-VEVYYDQMSA-N Pro-Thr-Asn Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O WVXQQUWOKUZIEG-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZNYIXWOIUFLGO-ZJDVBMNYSA-N Pro-Thr-Thr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O GZNYIXWOIUFLGO-ZJDVBMNYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNSYSBUTTJBPDG-OKZBNKHCSA-N Pro-Trp-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N4CCC[C@@H]4C(=O)O SNSYSBUTTJBPDG-OKZBNKHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDKKMRPRRCOELJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Pro-Val-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 XDKKMRPRRCOELJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIODMZKLZFLYQP-GUBZILKMSA-N Pro-Val-Ser Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FIODMZKLZFLYQP-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDTUEBLEAVANFH-RCWTZXSCSA-N Pro-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 YDTUEBLEAVANFH-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003559 RNA-seq method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012180 RNAeasy kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DWUIECHTAMYEFL-XVYDVKMFSA-N Ser-Ala-His Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 DWUIECHTAMYEFL-XVYDVKMFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTWGOQRNRFHFQD-JBDRJPRFSA-N Ser-Ala-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O WTWGOQRNRFHFQD-JBDRJPRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVOGDCQNGLBNCR-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Arg-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O QVOGDCQNGLBNCR-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVAUJOAYHWWNQF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Asn-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O XVAUJOAYHWWNQF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDFQNDHEHVSONI-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Asn-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O RDFQNDHEHVSONI-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAIZFHMTBFYJIA-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ser-Asp-Gln Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O VAIZFHMTBFYJIA-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNMRYWZYFHHOEV-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Gln-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O RNMRYWZYFHHOEV-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXXAXOWMBOKTRN-XPUUQOCRSA-N Ser-Gly-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O XXXAXOWMBOKTRN-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPNPDKGQRFSCAC-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Lys-Asp Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O PPNPDKGQRFSCAC-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXVNLRQLPLSIPQ-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Met-Cys Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N AXVNLRQLPLSIPQ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZXOPYUEQGDGMS-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ser-Ser-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O FZXOPYUEQGDGMS-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDFRTRSSXOZCR-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ser-Ser-Glu Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O GYDFRTRSSXOZCR-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQHKXWODKJDZRC-LKXGYXEUSA-N Ser-Thr-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O SQHKXWODKJDZRC-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDXEKUKQAKZFE-XAVMHZPKSA-N Ser-Thr-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O ZSDXEKUKQAKZFE-XAVMHZPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSCVDSBEYVGMJQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Ser-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O GSCVDSBEYVGMJQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKHCTNFKZXAMIF-KKUMJFAQSA-N Ser-Tyr-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HKHCTNFKZXAMIF-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMTWIUBUQRGCSB-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Val-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O PMTWIUBUQRGCSB-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDMFDBQXYZSRM-IHRRRGAJSA-N Ser-Val-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O HNDMFDBQXYZSRM-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANOQEBQWIAYIMV-AEJSXWLSSA-N Ser-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N ANOQEBQWIAYIMV-AEJSXWLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000006180 TBST buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010006785 Taq Polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GLQFKOVWXPPFTP-VEVYYDQMSA-N Thr-Arg-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GLQFKOVWXPPFTP-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBHMLZSKIXMVFS-XVSYOHENSA-N Thr-Asn-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O JBHMLZSKIXMVFS-XVSYOHENSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBPDMBAFBRDZSK-HOUAVDHOSA-N Thr-Asn-Trp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N)O VBPDMBAFBRDZSK-HOUAVDHOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDARBNMYXKUFOJ-GSSVUCPTSA-N Thr-Asp-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O XDARBNMYXKUFOJ-GSSVUCPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTVVYQOXJCZVEB-WDCWCFNPSA-N Thr-Leu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O VTVVYQOXJCZVEB-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSEPSRUDSPHMPX-KATARQTJSA-N Thr-Lys-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O XSEPSRUDSPHMPX-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MROIJTGJGIDEEJ-RCWTZXSCSA-N Thr-Pro-Pro Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 MROIJTGJGIDEEJ-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERCOYANYUPLHJ-XGEHTFHBSA-N Thr-Pro-Ser Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O KERCOYANYUPLHJ-XGEHTFHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGAOHNPSEPVAFP-ZDLURKLDSA-N Thr-Ser-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SGAOHNPSEPVAFP-ZDLURKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N Thr-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYQHZCMVSPQCS-RCWTZXSCSA-N Thr-Val-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O SBYQHZCMVSPQCS-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYXOUTORDIUWNI-BPUTZDHNSA-N Trp-Asn-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N RYXOUTORDIUWNI-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLBZWXXGSOLJBA-HOCLYGCPSA-N Trp-Gly-Lys Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WLBZWXXGSOLJBA-HOCLYGCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCCKSNREWHMKOJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Tyr-Asn-Ser Chemical compound N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O SCCKSNREWHMKOJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHFMNAVFGBYSAT-IGISWZIWSA-N Tyr-Ile-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N HHFMNAVFGBYSAT-IGISWZIWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVPPEXXUDXAPOM-MGHWNKPDSA-N Tyr-Ile-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVPPEXXUDXAPOM-MGHWNKPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSFJHIRIHOJRKS-ULQDDVLXSA-N Tyr-Leu-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O QSFJHIRIHOJRKS-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAOREBHZAKCOEN-ULQDDVLXSA-N Tyr-Leu-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O DAOREBHZAKCOEN-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYAKMYBZADCNMN-JYJNAYRXSA-N Tyr-Lys-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O BYAKMYBZADCNMN-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDGPTBVOSHKDFT-KKUMJFAQSA-N Tyr-Met-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XDGPTBVOSHKDFT-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHBBGDMBLFYGL-FHWLQOOXSA-N Tyr-Phe-Glu Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LRHBBGDMBLFYGL-FHWLQOOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEGLGLDSUHWTI-STECZYCISA-N Tyr-Pro-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SOEGLGLDSUHWTI-STECZYCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXFXIBCCVLJCJT-JYJNAYRXSA-N Tyr-Pro-Pro Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O VXFXIBCCVLJCJT-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRHYJNLMIJWGLF-BZSNNMDCSA-N Tyr-Ser-Phe Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HRHYJNLMIJWGLF-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGJZPXFZIUUQDN-BPNCWPANSA-N Tyr-Val-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O RGJZPXFZIUUQDN-BPNCWPANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASQFIHTXXMFENG-XPUUQOCRSA-N Val-Ala-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O ASQFIHTXXMFENG-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLLKXDSRVAOREO-KZVJFYERSA-N Val-Ala-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O SLLKXDSRVAOREO-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDLYXGYWTVOIKU-QXEWZRGKSA-N Val-Asn-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N UDLYXGYWTVOIKU-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWSIBTLMMQLPPZ-FXQIFTODSA-N Val-Cys-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N CWSIBTLMMQLPPZ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWVHQINTNLVWGZ-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Cys-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N BWVHQINTNLVWGZ-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJFXZQKJQGYFMM-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Cys-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)N XJFXZQKJQGYFMM-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEYUMGGWQCIWAR-XVKPBYJWSA-N Val-Gln-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N XEYUMGGWQCIWAR-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDIGUPHXPBMODF-UMNHJUIQSA-N Val-Glu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N WDIGUPHXPBMODF-UMNHJUIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIGZPYJXIWLQFC-QTKMDUPCSA-N Val-His-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O ZIGZPYJXIWLQFC-QTKMDUPCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYPZMFDMCCWNST-NAKRPEOUSA-N Val-Ile-Cys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N PYPZMFDMCCWNST-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNZSAUMKZQXHNC-UKJIMTQDSA-N Val-Ile-Gln Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N WNZSAUMKZQXHNC-UKJIMTQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZWZACGUZVCQPS-RNJOBUHISA-N Val-Ile-Pro Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N JZWZACGUZVCQPS-RNJOBUHISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYERIXUFCYVFFX-GVXVVHGQSA-N Val-Leu-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N LYERIXUFCYVFFX-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMPVMAYCLYMYGA-ONGXEEELSA-N Val-Leu-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O UMPVMAYCLYMYGA-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMPCGRFEZTWIF-IHRRRGAJSA-N Val-Leu-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O AEMPCGRFEZTWIF-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOUIMEGEPSBZIV-ULQDDVLXSA-N Val-Lys-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UOUIMEGEPSBZIV-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVFRYKBZHUGKLP-QXEWZRGKSA-N Val-Met-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N SVFRYKBZHUGKLP-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIWLHFZYOUUJGB-UFYCRDLUSA-N Val-Phe-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AIWLHFZYOUUJGB-UFYCRDLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYQUMYBMOJYYDK-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Pro-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N RYQUMYBMOJYYDK-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEGUERSKQBRZMZ-FXQIFTODSA-N Val-Ser-Ala Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O DEGUERSKQBRZMZ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBIUHAYJGWVNLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Val-Ser-Pro Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(O)=O GBIUHAYJGWVNLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVGWMCTYUFBXAP-QTKMDUPCSA-N Val-Thr-His Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O TVGWMCTYUFBXAP-QTKMDUPCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVNLOVJNNDZUHS-RHYQMDGZSA-N Val-Thr-Lys Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O GVNLOVJNNDZUHS-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IECQJCJNPJVUSB-IHRRRGAJSA-N Val-Tyr-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O IECQJCJNPJVUSB-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBPFYNYTYASCQP-CYDGBPFRSA-N Val-Val-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N WBPFYNYTYASCQP-CYDGBPFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVGDAEKKZKKZFO-RCWTZXSCSA-N Val-Val-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O JVGDAEKKZKKZFO-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNSHJJNWNSTSU-BZSNNMDCSA-N Val-Val-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WHNSHJJNWNSTSU-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001594 aberrant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003070 absorption delaying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150063416 add gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010047495 alanylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010070944 alanylhistidine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010011559 alanylphenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008168 almond oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003510 anti-fibrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008135 aqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010013835 arginine glutamate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010001271 arginyl-glutamyl-arginine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010010430 asparagine-proline-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010077245 asparaginyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010069205 aspartyl-phenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010093581 aspartyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010047857 aspartylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002715 bioenergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004579 body weight change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003570 cell viability assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007621 cluster analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006957 competitive inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical class NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007911 de novo DNA methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030609 dephosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006209 dephosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037765 diseases and disorders Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005014 ectopic expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000221 frame shift mutation induction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007897 gelcap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010078144 glutaminyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010057083 glutamyl-aspartyl-leucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010072405 glycyl-aspartyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010054666 glycyl-leucyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010089804 glycyl-threonine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010147 glycylglutamine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010077515 glycylproline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037219 healthy weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007417 hierarchical cluster analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010036413 histidylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092114 histidylphenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007031 hydroxymethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011503 in vivo imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010078274 isoleucylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010034529 leucyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000001294 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010082117 matrigel Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037353 metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010005942 methionylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000324 minimal toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XRDVXQQZLHVEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[[4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]methyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamide Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(CNC(=O)C3=CN4C=CN=C4C=C3)=CC=2)=C1 XRDVXQQZLHVEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N nepidermin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OIPZNTLJVJGRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M octadecanoyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al] OIPZNTLJVJGRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010012581 phenylalanylglutamate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010051242 phenylalanylserine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000092 prognostic biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010031719 prolyl-serine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010070643 prolylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010029020 prolylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090894 prolylleucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010839 reverse transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010026333 seryl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004055 small Interfering RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010473 stable expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012353 t test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010031491 threonyl-lysyl-glutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010072986 threonyl-seryl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 108010080629 tryptophan-leucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010044292 tryptophyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005740 tumor formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010073969 valyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002689 xenotransplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
- A61K31/422—Oxazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4192—1,2,3-Triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4406—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 3, e.g. zimeldine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6827—Hybridisation assays for detection of mutation or polymorphism
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/106—Pharmacogenomics, i.e. genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
- G01N2333/916—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1), e.g. phosphatases (3.1.3), phospholipases C or phospholipases D (3.1.4)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/70—Mechanisms involved in disease identification
- G01N2800/7023—(Hyper)proliferation
- G01N2800/7028—Cancer
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了治疗受试者中癌症的方法,该方法包括向受试者施用至少一种烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)抑制剂,从而治疗癌症,其中蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D(PPM1D)在癌症中升高。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
根据35U.S.C.§119(e),本申请要求于2018年10月22日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/748,911的优先权,在此通过引用将该申请的全部内容并入本文。
背景技术
蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D(PPM1D)基因——也称为Wip1,编码丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶,该酶使主要参与DNA损伤反应(DDR)和细胞检查点通路的许多蛋白质脱磷酸。自20多年前被发现以来,PPM1D已成为一种确认的致癌基因,在多种癌症中被发现扩增或过度表达,所述癌症包括乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃肠癌和脑癌。随后在一部分癌症中鉴定了PPM1D的C端的截断突变,最显著的是在小儿神经胶质瘤中,包括在弥漫性内生性脑桥神经胶质瘤(DIPG)中。这些突变显著增强了PPM1D的蛋白质稳定性,这同样地增加了其磷酸酶活性。尽管对PPM1D的细胞功能进行了表征,但对其在肿瘤发生中的作用仍有很多需要了解的地方。更复杂的是,没有包含PPM1D截断突变的同基因神经胶质细胞系,这限制了研究其致癌作用的能力。最后,尽管已经开发了许多PPM1D抑制剂作为实验工具,但它们的体外成功尚未转化至临床。本领域需要可用于治疗癌症的新型化合物和组合物。本公开内容解决了这种需要。
发明内容
一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗受试者中癌症的方法,该方法包括向受试者施用至少一种烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)抑制剂,从而治疗癌症,其中蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D(PPM1D)在从受试者的癌症获得的活检样本中升高。
在多种实施方式中,方法进一步包括在从受试者获得的癌细胞样本中检测相对于参考水平升高的PPM1D水平。
在多种实施方式中,癌症包含PPM1D基因中的一个或多个突变。
在多种实施方式中,PPM1D包括一个C端截断突变。
在多种实施方式中,至少一种NAMPT抑制剂选自OT-82、KPT-9274、FK866、GNE-618、LSN-3154567、FK866、STF31、GPP78和STF118804。
在多种实施方式中,癌症是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃肠癌、脑癌、成神经管细胞瘤或小儿神经胶质瘤。
在多种实施方式中,该方法进一步包括向受试者施用至少一种另外的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)耗尽治疗。
在多种实施方式中,另外的NAD耗尽治疗选自替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、伊立替康和放射疗法。
在多种实施方式中,方法进一步包括向受试者施用补充的烟酰胺。
在多种实施方式中,以包含至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物向受试者施用有效量的NAMPT抑制剂。
在多种实施方式中,受试者是哺乳动物。
在多种实施方式中,受试者是人。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时,将更好地理解本发明的说明性实施方式的以下详细描述。为了说明本发明,在附图中示出了某些说明性实施方式。然而,应当理解,本发明不限于附图中所示的实施方式的精确布置和手段。
图1A-1J:PPM1D突变体永生化人星形胶质细胞对NAMPT抑制剂敏感。图1A:先前鉴定的(参考文献8、9、10)小儿HGG中的PPM1D截断突变(蓝色圆圈)。人星形胶质细胞中CRISPR修饰的突变以红色箭头显示。图1B:在亲本星形胶质细胞(Par.)、分离的野生型星形胶质细胞克隆(WT iso.)和四种不同的分离的CRISPR修饰的、PPM1D-截断(PPM1Dtrnc.)星形胶质细胞中PPM1D全长(全箭头)和截断(箭头)蛋白表达的免疫印迹。图1C:放线菌酮(CHX)和MG132处理后PPM1D表达的免疫印迹。图1D:c中实验的定量,(n=3个生物学独立实验,通过学生T检验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01)。图1E:细胞的γH2AX病灶的代表性图像,+/-以10Gy电离辐射(IR)处理。图1F:定量未处理、IR处理和同时IR加50nM的PPM1D抑制剂GSK2830371处理(PPM1Di)的γH2AX病灶;(n=4个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,**p<0.001)。图1G:对于已测试小分子抑制剂库的计算的IC50比率(亲本/PPM1Dtrnc.)。图1H:在FK866处理72小时后(n=3个生物学独立样本),野生型(Par.Astros.和WT iso.)和三个PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系的成活力评估。图1I:对于不同NAMPT抑制剂的亲本(黑色高亮)和PPM1Dtrnc.(红色高亮)星形胶质细胞的计算的IC50值;条形长度代表给定药物对PPM1D突变细胞的选择性窗口(n=2个生物学独立实验)。图1J:响应FK866处理72小时的细胞系成活力分析(n=3个生物学独立样本)。所有误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图2A-2K突变体PPM1D诱导的NAPRT缺陷驱动对NAMPT抑制的敏感性。图2A:参与NAD生物合成的酶和代谢物的图形模型。NA:烟酸;NAAD:烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸;NAD:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸;NADP:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸;NAM:烟酰胺;NAMN:烟酸单核苷酸;NAR:烟酸核糖核苷;NMN:烟酰胺烟单核苷酸;NR:烟酰胺核糖核苷;QA:喹啉酸;Trp:色氨酸。图2B:亲本和两种不同PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞细胞系中NAD相关代谢物的热图。图2C:野生型和PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中的NAD定量(n=3个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,****p<0.0001)。图2D:10nM的FK866处理后NAD水平的相对倍数变化(n=3个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,***p<0.001)。图2E:建模NR对PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中FK866处理的拮抗作用的Bliss 3D曲面图。图2F:用合成对照(scrambled control)(scrbl)或NAPRT siRNA二者之一处理,然后用FK866处理的亲本星形胶质细胞的细胞成活力分析(n=2个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,****p<0.0001)。图2G:同基因星形胶质细胞和稳定过表达WT和突变体PPM1D(分别为OEFL和OEtrnc.)的免疫印迹。显示了PPM1D的全长(全箭头)、CRISPR修饰(黑色箭头)和异位突变体(白色箭头)大小。图2H:同基因星形胶质细胞和稳定的表达NAPRT的PPM1Dtrnc.的星形胶质细胞(PPM1Dtrnc.+NAPRT)对FK866处理的细胞成活力评估(n=4个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001)。图2I:先前描述的野生型和PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞以及患者来源的SU-DIPG细胞系的免疫印迹。图2J:经FK866处理120小时后SU-DIPG细胞系的成活力评估(n=3个生物学独立样本)。图2K:来自j.中未处理或用10nM的FK866处理的球体培养物的代表性图像。所有误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图3A-3F表观遗传事件使PPM1D突变体神经胶质瘤模型中的NAPRT表达沉默。图3A:在野生型(灰色)和突变体PPM1D表达(红色)星形胶质细胞和DIPG细胞系中,通过qPCR定量NAPRT转录物水平(n=3个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,**p<0.01,***p<0.001)。图3B:NAPRT启动子处常见组蛋白3修饰的染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP);量化为IgG对照的富集倍数(n=4个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,**p<0.01,****p<0.0001)。图3C:定量甲基化DNA(5-meC)和羟甲基化DNA(5hmC)——从NAPRT启动子免疫沉淀(n=2个生物学独立样本,通过学生T检验,**p<0.01)。图3D:亚硫酸氢盐转化后星形胶质细胞和SU-DIPG细胞系中NAPRT启动子的测序色谱图;箭头表示潜在的CpG甲基化位点。图3E:在跨越不同的星形胶质细胞和DIPG模型中,390个最显著的可变Infinium甲基化EPIC阵列探针的热图和聚类分析。图3F:位于NAPRT的CpG岛启动子区域内的甲基化阵列探针的热图和层次聚类分析。所有误差条代表关于平均值的95%置信区间。
图4A-4D:NAMPT抑制剂是对抗PPM1D突变体异种移植的有效体内药物。图4A:对于用媒介物或20mg/kg的FK866 BID处理持续3个周期(每个周期中四天进行,随后三天不进行)的NSG小鼠中的连续移植的PPM1Dtrnc.异种移植的肿瘤生长倍数变化(n=7只动物,通过曼-惠特尼U检验,***p<0.001,误差条代表平均值的标准差)。箭头表示处理周期的开始。图4B:来自a.的异种移植肿瘤生长的Kaplan-Meier图,箭头表示处理周期的开始(通过对数秩(Mantel-Cox)检验,p<0.0001)。图4C:PNOC003 DIPG队列(31)样本的NAPRT表达水平。图4D:描绘了突变体PPM1D诱导的NAMPT依赖NAD产生的机制,以及用NAMPT抑制剂(例如FK866)的合成致死率的模型。
图5A-5G:PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞对NAMPT抑制剂敏感。图5A:来自亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系的PPM1D外显子6区域内的测序色谱图。图5B:响应于辐射的亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系的免疫印迹。显示了PPM1D的全长(全箭头)和CRISPR-修改(箭头)大小。图5C:在辐射(IR)后γH2AX病灶的定量(n=4个独立样本)。图5D:用三种不同的NAMPT抑制剂(GPP78、STF118804和STF31)处理72小时后细胞系的成活力评估(n=3个独立样本)。图5E:星形胶质细胞细胞系中PPM1D转录物水平的定量(n=4个独立样本)。图5F:具有野生型(OEFL)或突变体(OEtrnc.)PPM1D.稳定表达的星形胶质细胞的免疫印迹。显示了PPM1D的全长(全箭头)、CRISPR编辑(黑色箭头)和易位表达的突变体蛋白质(白色箭头)大小。图5G:在DMSO或FK866处理72小时后,来自亲本和突变体星形胶质细胞的H33342染色细胞核的代表性孔。误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图6A-6L:PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中NAD代谢组抑制导致NAMPT抑制剂敏感性。图6A:亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中的NADP定量(n=3个独立样本,通过学生T检验,***p<0.001)。图6B:用10nM的FK866处理24小时后NADP水平的相对倍数变化(n=3个独立样本,通过学生T检验,**p<0.01)。图6C:外源添加50μM烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)24小时后NAD的定量(n=3个独立样本,通过学生T检验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01)。图6D:用10nM的FK866和指示剂量的NR处理24小时后,星形胶质细胞中的归一化的NAD水平(n=2个独立样本)。图6E:NR对PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中的FK866处理的拮抗作用的Bliss模型矩阵。图6F:在FK866和NR同时处理72小时后,PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞的成活力评估。图6G和图6J:建模NAM(图6G)或NA(图6J)对PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中FK866处理的拮抗作用的Bliss 3D曲面图。图6H和6K:NAM(图6H)或NA(图6K)对PPM1Dtrnc.中FK866处理的拮抗作用的Bliss模型矩阵。图6I和图6L:在FK866与NAM(图6I)或NA(图6L)同时处理72小时后,PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞的成活力评估。误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图7A-7E:NAPRT缺陷驱动PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞对NAMPT抑制剂的敏感性。图7A:在一组siRNA靶向NAD生物合成相关酶的转染后,亲本(左)和PPM1Dtrnc.(右)星形胶质细胞对FK866处理的归一化的成活力(n=2个独立样本)。图7B:在用不同NAPRT靶向siRNA处理后,NAPRT蛋白质水平的免疫印迹。图7C:在b.中的用FK866处理72小时后细胞系的成活力分析(n=4个独立样本)。图7D:在亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞——+/-稳定表达NAPRT——的免疫印迹。图7E:经72小时的FK866处理,Par.、Astros.、PPM1Dtrnc.s.和表达NAPRT的PPM1Dtrnc.(PPM1Dtrnc.+NAPRT)细胞系的成活力评估(n=4个独立样本)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图8A-8C:患者来源的SU-DIPG-XXXV球体细胞系具有截断的PPM1D突变并且对NAMPT抑制剂敏感。图8A:来自SU-DIPG-IV、XIII和XVII球体细胞系的PPM1D外显子6区域内的测序色谱图。图8B:SU-DIPG-XXXV中PPM1D-截断突变的色谱图。图8C:SU-DIPG球体在含有烟酸(NA)(+NA)或缺乏NA(-NA)的培养基中对FK866的成活力评估(n=3个独立样本)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图9A-9E:U2OS和MCF7细胞系含有PPM1D改变、沉默NAPRT转录并且对NAMPT抑制剂敏感。图9A:同基因星形胶质细胞、U2OS和MCF7细胞系的免疫印迹。图9B和图9C:来自a的细胞组中PPM1D(图9B)和NAPRT(图9C)的归一化mRNA表达(n=4个独立样本)。误差条代表关于平均值的95%置信区间。(图9D)在亚硫酸氢盐转化后U2OS和MCF7细胞系内的NAPRT启动子的测序色谱图;箭头表示潜在的CpG甲基化位点。(图9E)在以FK866处理96小时后,同基因星形胶质细胞、U2OS和MCF7细胞系的成活力评估(n=3个独立样本)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。
图10A-10E:具有PPM1D突变的DIPG模型细胞系降低了NAPRT表达并保持p53表达。图10A:描绘了图3E中患者来源的DIPG细胞系的突变状态的表格;ND表示没有可用数据。图10B:模型DIPG细胞系的NAPRT表达水平。图10C:用于NAPRT和H3K27M表达的选取星形胶质细胞和DIPG细胞系的免疫印迹。图10D:用FK866处理120小时后,HSJD-DIPG-007细胞系的成活力(n=5个独立样本)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。图10E:用于p53和H3K27M表达的DIPG细胞系组的免疫印迹。
图11A-11E:突变体PPM1D诱导的高甲基化与在IDH1突变体星形胶质细胞中发现的G-CIMP不同。图11A和图11B:星形胶质细胞(图11A)和DIPG(图11B)细胞系中前2%显著可变的甲基化探针的分层聚类。(图11C)PPM1D突变体和IDH1突变体星形胶质细胞中前2%显著可变的CpG岛探针组的比较。图11D:WT和PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞中整体5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的归一化水平(n=4个独立样本)。误差条代表关于平均值的95%置信区间。图11E:以不同剂量的地西他滨(DCT)或氮胞苷(azaC)处理72小时后,亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞的免疫印迹。
图12A-12E:NAMPT抑制剂在PPM1D突变体肿瘤中的体内功效。图12A:在用媒介物或20mg/kg的FK866 BID处理持续3个四天周期的NOD scidγ小鼠中,如箭头所示,PPM1Dtrnc.肿瘤负荷作为生物发光成像(BLI)信号的量度(n=10个独立动物,误差条代表SE,通过曼-惠特尼U检验,**p<0.01,***p<0.001)。图12B:媒介物和FK866处理的小鼠在处理过程中的代表性BLI图像。图12C:肿瘤质量测量值,来自注射后2个月的在a.中提取的肿瘤(n=14个独立肿瘤,通过学生T检验,****p<0.0001)。图12D:注射后12天,PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系异种移植和连续移植的PPM1D突变体异种移植之间的BLI信号强度的比较(n=17个独立肿瘤,通过学生T检验,**p<0.01)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。图12E:连续移植的PPM1D突变体异种移植在指示的处理3周之前或之后的代表性BLI图像。
图13A-13E:NAMPT抑制剂在PPM1D突变体、非神经胶质瘤肿瘤处理中的适用性。图13A:携带U2OS细胞系异种移植的媒介物或FK866处理的无胸腺裸鼠的肿瘤体积测量值。FK866处理由20mg/kg BID持续3个每周四天的周期组成,由箭头表示(n=15只独立动物,通过曼-惠特尼U检验,****p<0.0001)。误差条代表平均值的标准差。图13B:在图13A中描述的处理持续时间期间对每只小鼠测量的体重变化百分比。图13C:来自PNOC003 DIPG队列(31)肿瘤样本的NAPRT和PPM1D表达水平。图13D:野生型和来自图13C中队列的PPM1D突变体DIPG肿瘤中NAPRT表达水平的比较。图13E:在通常发现有PPM1D扩增的癌症亚型中PPM1D高表达和低表达肿瘤中NAPRT表达水平的比较(左);和PPM1D表达的直方图(右)。通过学生T检验,*p<0.05**p<0.01。
具体实施方式
本发明部分涉及出人意料的发现,可以用NAMPT抑制剂有效地治疗具有升高的PPM1D活性水平的癌症。不希望受理论限制,本文提供的数据表明,这可能是由于通过沉默烟酸磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAPRT)关闭了细胞中用于生产NAD的主要途径之一。这使得用于生产NAD的NAMPT途径对细胞存活至关重要,并且因此抑制该途径可以选择性地杀死不能依赖NAPRT相关的NAD生产的癌细胞,同时保留可以依赖NAPRT相关的NAD生产的非癌细胞。
定义
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。尽管在本发明的实践或测试中可以使用与本文描述的那些相似或等效的任何方法和材料,但是描述了优选的方法和材料。如本文所用,以下每个术语在本节中均具与其相关的含义。
通常地,本文所用的命名法和在细胞培养、分子遗传学、药理学和有机化学中的实验室程序是本领域熟知和常用的那些。
标准技术用于生化和/或生物操作。这些技术和程序通常根据本领域的常规方法和多个通用参考文献(例如,Sambrook和Russell,2012,分子克隆实验指南(MolecularCloning, A Laboratory Approach),Cold Spring Harbor Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NY和Ausubel等人,2002,分子生物学现代方法(Current Protocols in MolecularBiology),John Wiley & Sons, NY)执行,这些贯穿本文档中提供。
本文所用的冠词“一个”和“一种”是指该冠词的语法对象的一个或多于一个(即,至少一个)。举例来说,“一个元件”是指一个元件或多于一个元件。
当指代诸如量、持续时间等的可测量值时,如本文所用的“约”旨在涵盖偏离规定值的±20%或±10%,更优选±5%,甚至更优选±1%和仍更优选±0.1%的变化,因为这样的变化适合执行所公开的方法。
如果患者经历的疾病或紊乱的至少一种体征或症状的严重性或频率降低,则疾病或紊乱被“减轻”。
如本文所用,术语“类似物”、“类似情况”或“衍生物”是指通过一种或多种化学反应由母体化合物或分子制成的化学化合物或分子。因此,类似物可以是具有与本文所述的小分子抑制剂的结构相似结构的结构,或者可以基于本文所述的小分子抑制剂的支架,但关于某些组分或结构组成方面与其不同,其在代谢方面可能具有相似或相反的作用。
如本文所用,术语“结合”是指分子彼此之间的粘附,例如但不限于酶与底物、抗体与抗原、DNA链与其互补链。结合的发生是因为分子表面部分的形状和化学性质是互补的。一个常见的比喻是“锁和钥匙”,用于描述酶如何适应其底物。
如本文所用,术语“活检样本”是指通过活检从受试者获得的任何类型的样本,或含有与受试者癌性生长相关的组织、细胞或液体的任何样本。
当应用于基因、蛋白质或化学反应时,本文所用的术语“升高”是指基因、蛋白质或反应的表达、活性或浓度与适当的对照相比更高。
如本文所用,短语“抑制”是指以可测量的量减少分子、反应、相互作用、基因、mRNA和/或蛋白质的表达、稳定性、功能或活性,或完全阻止。抑制剂是例如结合、部分或完全阻断刺激、减少、阻止、延迟激活、灭活、脱敏或下调蛋白质、基因和mRNA稳定性、表达、功能和活性的化合物,例如拮抗剂。
如本文所用,术语“烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸耗尽治疗”或“NAD耗尽治疗”是指在受试者的全局或局部二者之一降低嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)的治疗。在多种实施方式中,NAD耗尽疗法可以与施用替莫唑胺和/或放射疗法组合。
如本文所用,术语“烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶”或“NAMPT”是指具有UniProt登录号P43490并具有对于人类同源的以下氨基酸序列的烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶基因或蛋白质:
SEQ ID NO:15
如本文用,术语“烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶抑制剂”或“NAMPT抑制剂”是指任何抑制NAMPT的药剂。在多种实施方式中,NAMPT抑制剂可以是基于核酸的抑制剂,例如小干扰RNA或反义寡核苷酸。在多种实施方式中,NAMPT抑制剂可以是小分子。
术语“患者”、“受试者”、“个体”等在本文中可互换使用,并且指适用于本文所述的方法的任何动物或其细胞,无论是体外的还是原位的。在某些非限制性实施方式中,患者、受试者或个体是人。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指参与在患者体内或向患者运载或运输本发明中有用的化合物,使得其可以执行其预期的功能的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或载体,比如液体或固体填料、稳定剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、增稠剂、溶剂或封装材料。通常地,将这种构建体从身体的一个器官或部分运载或运输到身体的另一器官或部分。从与制剂的其他成分(包括本发明中有用的化合物)相容的意义上讲,每种载体必须是“可接受的”,并且对患者无害。可以用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括:糖,比如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,比如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素和其衍生物,比如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉状黄蓍胶(powdered tragacanth);麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,比如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,比如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;乙二醇,比如丙二醇;多元醇,比如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;酯,比如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,比如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;表面活性剂;藻酸;无热原水;等渗盐水;林格溶液;乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;和药物制剂中使用的其他无毒相容性物质。如本文所用,“药学上可接受的载体”还包括与本发明中有用的化合物的活性相容的任何和所有包衣、抗细菌和抗真菌剂以及吸收延迟剂等,并且是患者生理学上可接受的。也可将补充活性化合物并入组合物中。“药学上可接受的载体”可以进一步包括本发明中有用的化合物的药学上可接受的盐。在本发明的实践中使用的药物组合物中可能包含的其他另外的成分是本领域内已知的并且在例如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Genaro,Ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,1985,Easton,PA)中进行了描述,其通过引入并入本文。
如本文所用,语言“药学上可接受的盐”或“治疗上可接受的盐”是指由药学上可接受的无毒酸制备的施用的化合物的盐,包括无机酸或碱、有机酸或碱、溶剂化物、水合物或其包合物。
术语“药学上有效量”和“有效量”是指试剂的无毒但足以提供期望的生物学结果的量。该结果可以是减少和/或减轻体征、症状、或疾病或紊乱的病因,或任何其他期望的生物系统改变。本领域普通技术人员可以使用常规实验确定任何个别情况下的适当有效量。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”、“蛋白质”和“肽”可互换使用并且是指由氨基酸残基、相关的天然存在的结构变体及经由肽键连接的其合成的非天然存在的类似物组成的聚合物。合成多肽可以被合成,例如,使用自动多肽合成仪合成。
如本文所用,术语“蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D”或“PPM1D”是指具有UniProt登录号A0A0S2Z4M2并具有对于人类同源的以下氨基酸序列的蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D基因或蛋白质:
SEQ ID NO:16:
如本文所用,术语“特异性结合”是指识别并结合另一分子或特征但基本上不识别或结合样本中的其他分子或特征的分子,例如抗体。
如本文所所,用“治疗疾病或紊乱”是指减少患者经历疾病或紊乱的症状的频率。疾病和紊乱在本文中可互换使用。
如本文所用,术语“处理”或“治疗”包括预防和/或疗法。因此,本发明的组合物和方法不限于治疗应用并且可以用于预防应用。因此,一种状态、紊乱或状况的“治疗”或“处理”包括:(i)预防或延迟受试者中发展的状态、紊乱或状况的临床症状的出现,该受试者可能患有或易受状态、紊乱或状况影响但尚未经历或表现出状态、紊乱或状况的临床或亚临床症状,(ii)抑制状态、紊乱或疾病,即阻止或减少疾病,或其至少一种临床或亚临床症状的发展,或(iii)缓解疾病,即导致状态、紊乱或状况或其临床或亚临床症状中的至少一种的消退。
如本文所用,术语“野生型”是指天然发生的物种的大多数成员所特有的基因型和表型,与突变体的基因型和表型形成对比。
范围:在整个的本公开内容中,本发明的多个方面可以以范围格式呈现。应当理解,以范围格式进行的描述仅是为了方便和简洁,而不应被解释为对本发明范围的不灵活的限制。因此,应该将范围的描述视为已明确公开了在该范围内的所有可能的子范围以及单个数值。例如,应将例如从1到6的范围描述视为已明确公开了子范围,例如从1到3、从1到4、从1到5、从2到4、从2到6、从3到6等,以及该范围内的单个数字,例如1、2、2.7、3、4、5、5.3和6。无论范围的广度如何,这都适用。
治疗方法
不希望受理论限制,本发明部分基于意外发现,如实施例1和图1A-4D所示,癌症表现出升高水平的蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D(PPM1D)对使用烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)抑制剂的治疗敏感。因此,在一个方面,本发明提供了一种治疗受试者中癌症的方法,该方法包括向受试者施用有效量的至少一种NAMPT抑制剂,从而治疗癌症,其中在从受试者的癌症中获得的活检样本中的PPM1D升高。
PPM1D活性升高的确切原因对于本发明的多种实施方式的实践来说不是关键的。在多种实施方式中,由于PPM1D蛋白质的浓度更高,PPM1D的活性可能相对于对照有所提高。在一些实施方式中,这是由于PPM1D的产生增加,而在其他实施方式中,这是由于PPM1D的降解减少。
PPM1D中的某些突变会生成超稳定形式的蛋白质,最终结果是癌细胞内的PPM1D活性提高。产生超稳定PPM1D的突变的性质并不重要。该变体与PPM1D中的C端截断突变相关联。因此,在多种实施方式中,PM1D包括C端截断突变。
在多种实施方式中,方法进一步包括在从受试者获得的活检样本中检测升高的PPM1D水平。样本可以使用本领域已知的任何方式获得,作为非限制性实例,通过活组织检查。本领域技术人员将意识到,有多种方法来确定受试者的癌症,或癌细胞或肿瘤的子集或其他癌性生长中PPM1D是升高的。所有这些都被考虑并包括在本发明的方法中。作为非限制性实例,可以扩增PPM1D基因,可以扩增PPM1D mRNA的水平或者可以增强PPM1D蛋白质稳定性。
多种NAMPT抑制剂可用于本发明的多种实施方式中。在多种实施方式中,一种或多种NAMPT抑制剂选自OT-82、KPT-9274、GNE-618、LSN-3154567、FK866、STF31、GPP78、STF118804、GMX-1778、GNE-617和A-1293201。其他合适的NAMPT抑制剂在美国公开号2017/0174704中公开,其通过引用并入本文。这些化合物的结构如下所示。
可以使用本发明方法的多种实施方式治疗任何表现出提高的PPM1D水平的癌症。在多种实施方式中,癌症是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃肠癌、成神经管细胞瘤或脑癌。在多种实施方式中,癌症可能是小儿神经胶质瘤。
如实施例1中进一步讨论的,进一步的NAD耗尽治疗可以增加具有高水平PPM1D的癌细胞对NAMPT抑制剂的敏感性。因此,在多种实施方式中,方法进一步包括向受试者施用至少一种另外的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)耗尽治疗。在多种实施方式中,另外的NAD耗尽治疗选自替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、伊立替康和放射疗法。
施用补充的烟酰胺可进一步增加NAMPT抑制剂对具有升高的PPM1D水平的癌症的治疗指数。不希望受理论限制,这可能是因为健康细胞能够使用补充的烟酰胺经由NA补救途径产生NAD来产生NAD,而癌细胞则不能,因为已经发现升高的PPM1D经由NAPRT沉默阻断该途径。因此,在多种实施方式中,方法进一步包括向受试者施用补充的烟酰胺。
在多种实施方式中,NAMPT抑制剂以包含至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物施用。在多种实施方式中,受试者是哺乳动物。在多种实施方式中,受试者是人。
施用/剂量/制剂
施用方案可以影响有效量的构成。治疗性制剂可以在本发明中考虑的疾病或紊乱的发作之前或之后被施用至受试者。进一步,数个分开的剂量以及交错的剂量可以被每日或顺序地施用,或剂量可以被连续地输注,或可以是弹丸注射(bolus injection)。进一步,根据治疗或预防情况的紧急状态指示,治疗性制剂的剂量可以成比例地增加或减少。
施用本发明的组合物至患者,优选地哺乳动物,更优选地人,可以使用已知的程序以对治疗在本发明中考虑的疾病或紊乱有效的剂量和持续时间段实施。实现治疗效果必需的治疗性化合物的有效量可以根据如下因素变化,比如患者中的疾病或紊乱的状态;患者的年龄、性别和体重;和治疗性化合物治疗在本发明中考虑的疾病或紊乱的能力。可以调节剂量方案以提供最佳的治疗反应。例如,数个分开的剂量可以被每日施用,或根据治疗情况的紧急状态指示,剂量可以成比例地减少。本发明的治疗性化合物的有效剂量范围的非限制性实例是大约1和5,000mg/kg体重/每天。可以施用可用于实践本发明的药物组合物以递送从ng/kg/天至100mg/kg/天的剂量。在某些实施方式中,本发明设想施用导致哺乳动物中本发明化合物的浓度为1μM至10μM的剂量。本领域普通技术人员将能够研究相关因素并且做出关于治疗性化合物的有效量的决定而不需要过度实验。
本发明的药物组合物中的活性成分的实际剂量水平可以变化,以便于获得对具体患者、组合物和施用模式实现期望的治疗反应有效,而对患者无毒的活性成分量。
具体地,所选择的剂量水平取决于多种因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性,施用时间,化合物的排泄速率,治疗的持续时间,与所述化合物组合使用的其他药物、化合物或材料,所治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、状况、一般健康状况和既往病史,以及医学领域众所周知的类似因素。
具有本领域普通技术的医师(例如医师或兽医)可以容易地确定和开处方有效量的所需要的药物组合物。例如,医师或兽医可以以比为了实现期望的治疗效果所需要的低的水平开始在药物组合物中采用的本发明化合物的剂量,并且逐渐地增加剂量直到取得期望的效果。
在具体实施方式中,以单位剂型(dosage unit form)配制化合物是尤其有利的,以易于施用和剂量均匀。如本文所使用,单位剂型是指适合作为待治疗患者的单一剂量(unitary dosage)的物理上离散的单位;每个单位都包含预定量的治疗性化合物,该化合物经计算可与所需的药物媒介物结合以产生期望的治疗效果。本发明的单位剂型由(a)治疗性化合物的独特特征和待实现的具体治疗效果,以及(b)在混合/配制这种用于治疗本发明中考虑的疾病或紊乱的治疗性化合物的领域中固有的局限性决定并直接取决于它们。
在某些实施方式中,使用一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体配制本发明的组合物。在其他实施方式中,本发明的药物组合物包括治疗有效量的本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,其包含,例如,水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)、其合适的混合物和植物油。可以维持适当的流动性,例如,通过使用包衣比如卵磷脂、在分散的情况下通过维持所需要的颗粒大小和通过使用表面活性剂。可以通过多种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂实现防止微生物作用,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、抗坏血酸、硫柳汞等。在许多情况下,在组合物中包括等渗剂将是优选的,例如,糖、氯化钠或多元醇比如甘露醇和山梨醇。可以通过在组合物中包括延迟吸收的试剂例如单硬脂酸铝或明胶来实现可注射组合物的延长吸收。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的组合物以范围为每天1-5次或更多的剂量施用于患者。在其他实施方式中,本发明的组合物以包括但不限于每天、每两天、每三天一次至每周一次和每两周一次的剂量范围施用至患者。对本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明的多种组合物的施用频率将因个体而异,这取决于许多因素,其包括但不限于年龄、待治疗的疾病或紊乱、性别、整体健康状况和其他因素。因此,本发明不应被解释为限于任何具体的剂量方案,并且将通过主治医生考虑与患者有关的所有其他因素来确定待施用于任何患者的精确剂量和组合物。
用于施用的本发明的化合物可以在如下范围内:约1μg至约10,000mg、约20μg至约9,500mg、约40μg至约9,000mg、约75μg至约8,500mg、约150μg至约7,500mg、约200μg至约7,000mg、约3050μg至约6,000mg、约500μg至约5,000mg、约750μg至约4,000mg、约1mg至约3,000mg、约10mg至约2,500mg、约20mg至约2,000mg、约25mg至约1,500mg、约30mg至约1,000mg、约40mg至约900mg、约50mg至约800mg、约60mg至约750mg、约70mg至约600mg、约80mg至约500mg和这些之间的任何和所有整体或部分增量。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的化合物的剂量为从约1mg到约2,500mg。在一些实施方式中,本文所述的组合物中施用的发明的化合物的剂量为小于约10,000mg、或小于约8,000mg、或小于约6,000mg、或小于约5,000mg、或小于约3,000mg、或小于约2,000mg、或小于约1,000mg、或小于约500mg、或小于约200mg、或小于约50mg。类似地,在一些实施方式中,本文所述的第二化合物的剂量为小于约1,000mg、或小于约800mg、或小于约600mg、或小于约500mg、或小于约400mg、或小于约300mg、或小于约200mg、或小于约100mg、或小于约50mg、或小于约40mg、或小于约30mg、或小于约25mg、或小于约20mg、或小于约15mg、或小于约10mg、或小于约5mg、或小于约2mg、或小于约1mg、或小于约0.5mg和其任何和所有整体或部分增量。
在某些实施方式中,本发明涉及包装的药物组合物,其包括容纳治疗有效量的本发明化合物单独或与第二药物组合的容器;以及使用该化合物治疗、预防或减轻本发明考虑的疾病或紊乱的一种或多种症状的说明书。
制剂可以以与常规的赋形剂——即药学上可接受的有机或无机载体物质,其适于口服、肠胃外、鼻、静脉内、皮下、肠内或本领域已知的任何其他合适的施用模式——的混合物被应用。药物制品可以被灭菌,并且如果期望,可以与辅助剂等混合,所述辅助剂如润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、用于影响渗透压缓冲剂的盐、着色剂、调味剂和/或芳香族物质。在期望时,它们也可以与其他活性剂组合,所述其他活性剂例如抗纤维化剂。
本发明的任何组合物的施用途径包括口服、鼻、直肠、阴道内、肠胃外、口腔、舌下或局部。可将本发明中使用的化合物配制为通过任何合适的途径施用,例如通过:口服或肠胃外,例如,经皮、经粘膜(如舌下、舌、(经)口腔、(经)尿道、阴道(如,经-和环阴道地)、鼻(内)和(经)直肠)、膀胱内、肺内、十二指肠内、胃内、鞘内、皮下、肌肉内、皮内、动脉内、静脉内、支气管内、吸入和局部施用。
合适的组合物和剂型包括例如片剂、胶囊剂、囊片、丸剂、软胶囊(gel caps)、含片、分散剂、悬浮剂、溶液、糖浆、颗粒剂、珠、经皮贴剂、凝胶、粉剂、粒剂、乳浆剂(magmas)、锭剂、乳膏剂、糊剂、膏药、洗剂、盘剂(disc)、栓剂、用于鼻或口服施用的液体喷雾剂、用于吸入的干粉或气雾制剂、用于膀胱内施用的组合物和制剂等。应当理解,可用于本发明的制剂和组合物不限于本文所述的具体制剂和组合物。
口服施用
对于口服应用,具体合适的是片剂、糖衣丸、液体、滴剂、栓剂或胶囊剂、囊片和软胶囊。预期用于口服用途的组合物可以根据本领域已知的任何方法来制备,并且这种组合物可以包含选自适合用于制造片剂的惰性、无毒的药物赋形剂的一种或多种药剂。这样的赋形剂包括例如惰性稀释剂,例如乳糖;制粒剂和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉;结合剂,例如淀粉;和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁。片剂可以是未包衣的,或其也可以使用已知的技术进行包衣,以提高审美(elegance)或延迟活性成分的释放。用于口服用途的制剂也可以硬的明胶胶囊形式存在,其中活性成分与惰性稀释剂混合。
对于口服施用,本发明的化合物可以是片剂或胶囊的形式,其通过常规的手段使用药学上可接受的赋形剂比如结合剂(例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素);填料(例如,玉米淀粉、乳糖、微晶纤维素或磷酸钙);润滑剂(例如,硬酯酸镁、滑石或二氧化硅);崩解剂(例如,淀粉羟基乙酸钠);或湿润剂(例如,月桂基硫酸钠)制备。如果需要,可以使用合适的方法和包衣材料对片剂进行包衣,所述包衣材料例如从Colorcon,宾夕法尼亚州西点军校(West Point,Pa)获得的OPADRYTM薄膜包衣系统(例如,OPADRYTMOY型、OYC型、Organic Enteric OY-P型、Aqueous Enteric OY-A型、OY-PM型和OPADRYTM白,32K18400)。用于口服施用的液体制品可以是溶液、糖浆或悬浮液的形式。液体制品可以通过常规的手段使用如下药学上可接受的添加剂制备,比如悬浮剂(例如,山梨醇糖浆、甲基纤维素或氢化可食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如,卵磷脂或金合欢胶);非水性媒介物(例如,杏仁油、油酯或乙醇);和防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯、或山梨酸)。
在药学领域熟知用于改变活性成分的起始粉末或其它微粒状材料的粒化技术。粉末通常与粘合剂材料混合为较大的永久性自由流动的团块或颗粒,其被称为“成粒”。例如,使用溶剂的“湿”成粒工艺的特征一般在于粉末与粘合剂材料组合,并且使用水或有机溶剂在导致形成湿颗粒状物质的条件下将其弄湿,然后溶剂必须从其蒸发。
熔融成粒通常在于使用在室温下为固体或半固体的材料(即具有相对低的软化点或熔点范围)以促进粉末状或其它材料的成粒,其必须是在缺乏添加的水或其它液体溶剂的情况下。当加热至熔点范围中的温度时,低熔点固体液化以充当粘合剂或成粒介质。液化的固体自身在与其接触的粉末状材料的表面之上扩散,并且当冷却时,形成固体颗粒状物质,其中初始材料结合在一起。然后,所得的熔融成粒可以提供至压片机或被封装,用于制备口服剂型。通过形成固体分散体或固溶体,熔融成粒改善了活性成分(即药物)的溶解速率和生物利用度。
美国专利号5,169,645公开了具有改进的流动性质的直接可压缩的含蜡颗粒剂。当蜡在熔融物中与某些流动改进添加剂混合,接着混合物冷却和成粒时,获得颗粒剂。在某些实施方式中,仅蜡自身在蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)的熔融组合中熔化,并且在其它情况下,蜡(一种或多种)和添加剂(一种或多种)二者都熔化。
本发明还包括多层片剂,其包括提供延迟释放本发明的一种或多种化合物的层,和提供立即释放用于治疗本发明考虑的疾病或紊乱的药物的进一步的层。使用蜡/pH敏感性聚合物混合物,可以获得其中包埋(entrap)活性成分的胃不溶性组合物,以确保其延迟释放。
肠胃外施用
如本文所用,药物组合物的“肠胃外施用”包括特征在于物理破坏受试者组织和通过组织中的裂口(breach)来施用药物组合物的任何施用途径。因此,肠胃外施用包括但不限于通过注射组合物、通过手术切口施加组合物、通过穿透组织的非手术伤口施加组合物等施用药物组合物。具体地,考虑肠胃外施用包括但不限于皮下、静脉内、腹膜内、肌肉内、胸骨内注射和肾透析输注技术。
适用于肠胃外施用的药物组合物的制剂包括与药学上可接受的载体例如无菌水或无菌等渗盐水组合的活性成分。这样的制剂可以以适合于弹丸施用或连续施用的形式制备、包装或出售。可注射制剂可以以单位剂型例如在安瓿或含有防腐剂的多剂量容器中制备、包装或出售。用于肠胃外施用的制剂包括但不限于悬浮液、溶液、在油性或水性媒介物中的乳剂、糊剂和可植入的缓释或可生物降解的制剂。这样的制剂可以进一步包含一种或多种另外的成分,其包括但不限于悬浮剂、稳定剂或分散剂。在用于肠胃外施用的制剂的某些实施方式中,以干燥(即粉末或颗粒)形式提供活性成分,以便用合适的媒介物(例如无菌无热原的水)进行重构,然后肠胃外施用该重构的组合物。
药物组合物可以以无菌可注射的水性或油性悬浮液或溶液的形式制备、包装或出售。该悬浮液或溶液可以根据已知技术进行配制,并且除了活性成分之外,还可以包含另外的成分,例如本文所述的分散剂、湿润剂或悬浮剂。例如,可以使用无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂(诸如水或1,3丁二醇)制备此类无菌可注射的制剂。其他可接受的稀释剂和溶剂包括但不限于林格溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液和固定油,例如合成甘油单酯或甘油二酯。有用的其他可肠胃外施用的制剂包括包含以微晶形式、在脂质体制品中或作为可生物降解的聚合物系统的组分的活性成分的那些制剂。用于缓释或植入的组合物可以包含药学上可接受的聚合或疏水材料,例如乳液、离子交换树脂、微溶聚合物或微溶盐。
另外的施用形式
本发明的另外的剂型包括如美国专利号6,340,475;6,488,962;6,451,808;5,972,389;5,582,837;和5,007,790所述的剂型。本发明另外的剂型也包括如美国专利申请号20030147952;20030104062;20030104053;20030044466;20030039688;和20020051820所述的剂型。本发明的另外的剂型也包括如PCT申请号WO 03/35041;WO 03/35040;WO 03/35029;WO 03/35177;WO 03/35039;WO 02/96404;WO 02/32416;WO 01/97783;WO 01/56544;WO 01/32217;WO 98/55107;WO 98/11879;WO 97/47285;WO 93/18755;和WO 90/11757所述的剂型。
控释制剂和药物递送系统
在某些实施方式中,本发明的制剂可以但不限于是短期、快速失效(rapid-offset)、以及受控的,例如,缓释、延迟释放和脉冲释放制剂。
术语缓释以其常规的意思使用,指的是如此药物制剂,其在延长的时段内提供逐步的药物释放,并且其可以——但是非必须地——在延长的时段内导致基本上恒定的药物血液水平。时段可以长达一个月或更长,并且应当是比以弹丸形式施用的相同量的药剂更长的释放。
对于缓释,化合物可以使用为化合物提供缓释性质的合适的聚合物或疏水材料配制。因此,用于本发明的方法的化合物可以以微粒的形式施用,例如,通过注射,或通过以晶片或圆片的形式植入施用。
在本发明的某些实施方式中,使用缓释制剂,本发明的化合物单独地或与另一种药剂结合施用至患者。
术语延迟释放在本文以其常规的意思使用,指的是如此药物制剂,其在药物施用后的一些延迟之后提供药物的初始释放,并且其可以——但是非必须地——包括从约10分钟上至约12小时的延迟。
术语脉冲释放在本文以其常规的意思使用,指的是如此药物制剂,其以在药物施用后产生药物的脉冲血浆分布的方式提供药物的释放。
术语立即释放以其常规的意思使用,指的是如此药物制剂,其在药物施用后立即提供药物的释放。
如本文所用,短期指的是在药物施用后上至并包括约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟、或约10分钟和在药物施用后其任何或所有整体或部分增量的任何时段。
如本文所用,快速失效指的是在药物施用后上至并包括约8小时、约7小时、约6小时、约5小时、约4小时、约3小时、约2小时、约1小时、约40分钟、约20分钟、或约10分钟和其任何和所有整体或部分增量的任何时段。
给药
本发明化合物的治疗有效量或剂量取决于患者的年龄、性别和体重、患者当前的医疗状况以及本发明中考虑的疾病或紊乱的进展。技术人员能够根据这些和其他因素确定合适的剂量。
本发明的化合物的合适的剂量可以在每天约0.01mg至约5,000mg的范围中,诸如每天约0.1mg至约1,000mg,例如每天约1mg至约500mg,诸如每天约5mg至约250mg。该剂量可以以单剂量或以多剂量施用,例如每天1至4次或更多次。当使用多剂量时,每剂的量可以是相同的或不同的。例如,每天1mg的剂量可以以两个0.5mg的剂量施用,在剂量之间具有约12小时的间隔。
应当理解,在非限制性实例中,可以每天、每隔一天、每2天、每3天、每4天或每5天施用每天给药的化合物的量。例如,利用每隔一天施用,则可以在周一开始每天5mg的剂量,在周三施用第一个随后每天5mg的剂量,在周五施用第二个随后每天5mg的剂量等等。
在其中患者的状况确实有所改善的情况下,根据医生的判断,任选地连续给予本发明的抑制剂的施用;可选地,暂时降低或暂时中止正施用的药物剂量,持续一定长度的时间(即,“休药期”)。休药期的长度任选地在2天和1年之间变化,仅作为实例包括,2天、3天、4天、5天、6天、7天、10天、12天、15天、20天、28天、35天、50天、70天、100天、120天、150天、180天、200天、250天、280天、300天、320天、350天或365天。在休药期期间的剂量减少包括10%-100%,仅作为实例包括,10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%或100%。
一旦患者状况的改善发生,如果必要,施用维持剂量。随后,根据疾病或紊乱,施用的剂量或频率或二者降低到保持改善的疾病的水平。在某些实施方式中,患者在症状和/或感染的任何复发时需要长期间歇治疗。
用于本发明的方法的化合物可以以单位剂型配制。术语“单位剂型”是指适合作为经受治疗的患者的单一剂量的物理离散单位,其中每个单位包含预定量的活性物质,其经计算以产生期望的治疗效果,其任选地与合适的药物载体结合。单位剂型可以是单次日剂量或多次日剂量(例如,每天约1至4次或更多次)中的一个。当使用多次日剂量时,每剂的单位剂型可以是相同的或不同的。
任选地,在细胞培养或实验动物中确定这种治疗方案的毒性和治疗疗效,其包括但不限于LD50(使50%的群体致死的剂量)和ED50(对50%的群体治疗有效的剂量)的确定。毒性和治疗效果之间的剂量比是治疗指数,其表示为LD50和ED50之间的比。从细胞培养物测定和动物研究获得的数据任选地用于配制用于人的剂量范围。这种化合物的剂量优选地在循环浓度的范围内,该循环浓度包括具有最小毒性的ED50。任选地,剂量在该范围内变化,这取决于采用的剂型和使用的施用途径。
仅使用常规实验,本领域技术人员将认识到或能够确定本文所述的具体程序、实施方式、权利要求和实施例的许多等同方案。这样的等同方案被认为在本发明的范围内,并由所附的权利要求书涵盖。例如,应该理解,用本领域公认的替代方案并且仅使用常规实验对反应条件(包括但不限于反应时间、反应大小/量和实验试剂,例如溶剂、催化剂、压力、大气条件和还原剂/氧化剂)的改进在本申请的范围内。
应当理解,无论本文在何处提供值和范围,这些值和范围所包含的所有值和范围都意味着包含在本发明的范围内。此外,落入这些范围内的所有值,以及值范围的上限或下限也被本申请所考虑。
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的方面。然而,它们绝不是对本文所阐述的本发明的教导或公开内容的限制。
实验实施例
通过参考以下实验实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。提供这些实施例仅用于说明的目的,而非旨在进行限制,除非另有说明。因此,本发明决不应被解释为限于以下实施例,而是应被解释为包括由于本文提供的教导而变得明显的任何和所有变化。
描述了以下实施例中使用的材料和方法。
细胞培养材料和技术
hTert/E6/E7永生化人星形胶质细胞是从Timothy Chan博士的实验室获得的,之前已经对其进行了表征。除非另有说明,星形胶质细胞在DMEM、高葡萄糖(ThermoFisherScientific/Gibco)加10%FBS(Gibco)中作为粘附单层生长。U2OS细胞购自ATCC,并在DMEM、高葡萄糖加10%FBS中生长。MCF7细胞在加入10%FBS的RPMI1640(ThermoFisherScientific/Gibco)中生长。HSJD-DIPG-007、HSJD-DIPG-008和SU-DIPG系都在添加了以下生长因子的肿瘤干细胞培养基(DMEM/F12和Neurobasal培养基)中培养:B27补充剂(Gibco/ThermoFisher)、人EGF(Sigma)、人FGF(Sigma)、人PDGF(Sigma)、肝素(StemcellTechnologies),以及根据指示添加或不添加烟酸(Sigma)。
表1:
CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑和质粒
使用Cas9(Addgene#43861)和修饰的向导RNA(gRNA)构建体(Addgene#43860)二者的表达在星形胶质细胞中执行CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑。PPM1D gRNA序列在表1中可获得,并且经过合成、退火并连接到gRNA质粒中。然后通过核转染(Lonza)将两种构建体共转染到星形胶质细胞中,并在收获和分离前将细胞温育72小时。分离的克隆通过单细胞稀释方法生成,并从96孔板的单个孔中生长。使用高分辨率熔体分析筛选方法(high resolutionmelt analysis screening methods)和通过如下所述的蛋白质印迹法执行突变体PPM1D序列和表达的克隆筛选。
表达构建体的创建和整合
hWIP1野生型质粒(Addgene#28105)。然后将PPM1D从hWIP1亚克隆到修饰的phCMV1表达构建体中,创建PPM1D OEFL。该构建体利用列于表1中的引物使用定点诱变进行修饰,以引入R458fs突变,创建PPM1D OEtrnc。所有构建体在大肠杆菌中扩增并使用MidiPrep试剂盒(Qiagen)纯化,用于核转染进入如上所述的细胞系中。用G418(Gibco/ThermoFisher)选择稳定的细胞系,并进一步从单细胞培养物中分离。hWIP1 D314A磷酸酶死亡表达构建体(Addgene#28106)也如上所述进行扩增和纯化,并在实验前核转染到亲本星形胶质细胞中。NAPRT表达构建体购自GenScript(OHu28558D)并如上所述进行扩增和纯化。在PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中核转染质粒,用G418选择,并进一步从单细胞培养物中分离。
蛋白质印迹
免疫印迹通过SDS-PAGE分离并转移到PVDF膜上进行分析。所有印迹均在1XTBST(American Bio)的5%BSA(Gold Biotechnology)中封闭,然后在4℃下以针对以下产生的一抗探测过夜:PPM1D(SCBT F-10sc-376257,1:1000)、GAPDH(Proteintech group HRP-60004,1:5000)、肌动蛋白(ThermoFisher MA5-11869,1:2000)、γH2AX pS139(CST 2577,1:1000)、NAPRT(Proteintech group 66159-1-Ig,1:2000)、NAMPT(CST 86634,1:1000)、pCHK2 T68(CST 2197,1:1000)、H3K27M(CST 74829,1:1000)或p53(CST 9282,1:1000)。然后用1X TBST洗涤印迹,并在室温(RT)下与HRP缀合的抗小鼠(ThermoFisher 31432,1:10,000)或抗兔(ThermoFisher 31462,1:10,000)二抗一起温育1小时。使用Clarity WesternECL底物(BioRad)进行免疫印迹曝光,并在ChemiDoc(BioRad)成像系统上成像。源数据文件中可获得显示的所有蛋白质印迹的未经裁剪(uncropped)和未经处理的扫描。
体外化学和IR处理
用50μg/mL放线菌酮或10μM的MG132(均为Sigma)处理PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞持续指示的时间量。然后将细胞洗涤、沉淀和裂解,用于随后的免疫印迹方法,如上所述。使用ImageJ软件计算免疫印迹强度的定量,并且印迹强度的定量由多个(n=3)印迹组成。使用X-RAD KV辐照器(Precision X射线)执行细胞的辐照,处理由未分级的、10Gy剂量组成。使用GSK2830371(Selleckchem)进行PPM1D抑制剂处理由IR前24小时的50nM处理组成。将FK866(Selleckchem)、GPP78(Tocris Bioscience)、STF118804(Tocris Bioscience)、STF31(Tocris Bioscience)、5-氮杂胞苷(Selleckchem)和地西他滨(Selleckchem)溶解在DMSO中并按指示用于处理。如指示,在单独或与FK866组合处理之前,将烟酰胺核糖核苷(ChromaDex Inc.)和烟酰胺(Sigma)溶解在水中,同时将烟酸(Sigma)溶解在PBS中。
γH2AX病灶染色和成像
星形胶质细胞的细胞系在辐射前接种并温育过夜。然后在指示的时间点收集板,将其固定、透化/封闭,并用一抗和二抗染色以进行荧光成像。利用在固定缓冲液(在PBS中的4%的多聚甲醛和0.02%TritonX100)中RT温育20分钟实现固定。随后在1X PBS中洗涤细胞,然后在温育缓冲液(在PBS中的5%BSA和0.5%TritonX100)中进行联合透化和封闭步骤持续1小时。将针对γH2AX pS139(Millipore 05-636)产生的一抗以1:1000的稀释度加入温育缓冲液中,并在4℃下温育过夜。洗涤板,然后与alexafluor缀合的二抗(ThermoFisherA21425或A11029,1:10,000)和核染料(1μg/mL Hoechst 33342(Sigma))在二级缓冲液(在PBS中的0.5%TritonX100)中RT温育1小时。再次洗涤板,并使用Cytation3成像系统(BioTek)在PBS中成像。使用Gen5 v2.09软件(BioTek)拼接图像,使用CellProfiler图像处理软件计数病灶和细胞数二者。
药物筛选和细胞成活力测量
使用先前描述的由我们小组开发的高内涵(high-content)显微镜平台对永生化人星形胶质细胞、MCF7和U2OS细胞系进行体外细胞成活力评估。简而言之,将细胞以2000个细胞/孔的密度铺板在96孔板中,并温育过夜。施用药物处理或媒介物(0.5%DMSO)对照,并按指示温育细胞72-96小时。然后用PBS洗涤板并在4℃下用冰冷的70%乙醇固定2小时。去除乙醇后,再次用PBS洗涤板,并在RT下用1μg/mL的Hoechst 33342(Sigma)染色30分钟。使用Cytation3成像仪(BioTek)对细胞进行成像,并按上述方法拼接和分析图像。比较药物处理和媒介物处理的情况,进行成活力评估。根据制造商的方案,使用CytoTox-Glo(Promega)评估SU-DIPG和HSJD-DIPG-007球体成活力。在使用该方法进行分析之前,球体用FK866处理120小时。通过将数据拟合到[抑制剂]对响应-可变斜率四参数非线性回归(如代表性图中所描绘),使用GraphPad Prism进行IC50计算。
siRNA转染及成活力分析
单个NAPRT靶向siRNA从Dharmacon Inc.(Horizon Discovery)订购,靶序列在表1中列出。用于合成致死成活力筛选的siRNA组是从Dharmacon Inc.手工挑选和订购的,并提供在ON-TARGET plus混合物中,每个混合物包含每个基因多至四个独特的siRNA。根据制造商的方案,使用Lipofectamine RNAiMAX(Invitrogen),用不同的siRNA(终浓度为200nM)反向转染2×105个星形胶质细胞。对于单个siRNA,将细胞温育72小时、沉淀并裂解以进行免疫印迹。对于siRNA筛选,将细胞培养24小时,然后分到不同的条件板上,在那里将其温育另外的24小时。然后用所述剂量的FK866处理细胞,并在药物处理72小时后使用上述基于图像的途径(pipeline)评估成活力。对每个siRNA进行成活力测量,并归一化为FK866未处理的情况。
NAD代谢组定量
在Hypercarb和13C代谢物标准品上使用两次分离,使用LC-MS/MS对NAD代谢组进行定量分析。根据制造商的规格,使用NAD/NADH定量试剂盒(Sigma)执行后续NAD水平分析。
Me/hME-DIP、亚硫酸氢盐转化和全局5-hmC检测
使用Wizard Genomic DNA纯化试剂盒(Promega)纯化基因组DNA,然后进行免疫沉淀或亚硫酸氢盐转化。根据建议的方案,使用Me-DIP和hMe-DIP试剂盒(Active Motif)进行免疫沉淀测定。如下所述,用苯酚/氯仿提取免疫沉淀的DNA并使用定量PCR(qPCR)进行分析。通过EpiMark亚硫酸氢盐转化试剂盒(NEB)执行亚硫酸氢盐转化。然后使用EpiMark HotStart Taq DNA聚合酶(NEB)扩增修饰的DNA,其中引物列于表1,并使用PCR纯化试剂盒(Qiagen)进行纯化。然后通过NAPRT启动子的桑格测序(Sanger-sequencing)评估甲基化。根据制造商的方案,经由全局5-hmC定量试剂盒(Active Motif)评估全局5-羟甲基胞嘧啶水平。
定量PCR(qPCR)
使用RNAeasy试剂盒(Qiagen)从细胞中纯化mRNA转录物,随后使用高容量(HighCapacity)cDNA逆转录试剂盒(Applied Biosystems)进行逆转录。根据制造商的方案,通过具有以下TaqMan荧光探针(均来自Applied Biosystems)的qPCR评估PPM1D和NAPRT基因表达水平:PPM1D(4331182)、NAPRT(4351372)和肌动蛋白(4333762F)。使用肌动蛋白作为参考基因,经由ΔΔCt比较计算表达水平倍数变化。经由qPCR使用Fast Start Universal SYBRGreen Master with ROX(Roche)和表1中列出的引物定量NAPRT启动子区域。所有qPCR反应都在StepOnePlus Real Time PCR系统(Applied Biosystems)上运行。
Infinium甲基化EPIC阵列和分析
根据制造商的说明,使用Illumina Human EPIC Bead Array(850k)平台对50-500ng的基因组DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐转化并分析全基因组甲基化模式。使用Genome Studiov1.9处理和分析NAPRT特异性探针的数据,并为所有探针生成甲基化β值,用于下游分析。使用Limma R包的t检验模型进行全局高甲基化评估,具有错误发现校正(FDR)和绝对β值阈值,以识别在PPM1D突变体和野生样本之间的甲基化差异中达到显著性的探针(也被已知作为显著可变探针或SVP)。前2%的最可变探针列表是基于方差选择的,并从数据集中进行分析,如上所述,过滤CpG岛探针和Δβ0.2,并用来与类似处理的公开可用数据进行比较。
染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)
使用ChIP-IT Express试剂盒(Active Motif)执行ChIP测定,使用Rabbit IgG抗体(CST 2729)作为富集对照。如上所述执行NAPRT启动子的qPCR分析。使用的ChIP抗体:以制造商推荐的用于ChIP的稀释度的H3K4me1(Abcam ab8895)、H3K4me3(CST 9751)、H3K27me3(CST9733)和H3K27ac(Abcam,ab4729)。
动物处理和体内研究
在NOD scidγ(NSG,NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wj1/SzJ雌性小鼠3-4周龄)小鼠中执行星形胶质细胞异种移植研究。对于细胞系异种移植,将5×106个稳定表达萤火虫荧光素酶(慢病毒质粒,来自Cellomics Technology;PLV-10003)的WT或PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞与基底胶(Matrigel)(Corning,47743-722)混合,总体积为0.2mL。将细胞-基底胶悬液皮下注射到剃毛的NSG小鼠的左右两胁腹。小鼠被随机分入处理组,每周经由BLI强度测量肿瘤负荷和生长,如下所述。以80mg/ml的浓度将FK866溶于DMSO中。然后将药物在10%环糊精中以20mg/kg每天两次腹膜内施用至小鼠,持续4天,每周重复,持续3周。生长1个月后开始处理。在处理结束后收获肿瘤,测量每个肿瘤的质量。经由NSG小鼠中PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系异种移植的连续移植创建连续地移植的异种移植。如上所述,用基底胶执行皮下胁腹注射5×106个细胞。将小鼠随机分入处理组,并使用标准基于卡尺的技术测量肿瘤体积。以长度×宽度2×0.52计算肿瘤体积。在无胸腺裸鼠中执行U2OS异种移植研究。将5×106个细胞皮下注射到每只动物的右胁腹,并在处理前使其生长18天。将小鼠随机分入处理组,通过卡尺测量和体积计算评估肿瘤负荷。FK866的制备和给药如上所述。
肿瘤负荷的生物发光成像
根据制造商的方案,使用IVIS Spectrum In Vivo Imaging System(PerkinElmer)进行生物发光成像(BLI)。每周拍摄图像,并在腹膜内注射d-荧光素(150mg/kg的动物体重)后15分钟获取图像。通过鉴定每个肿瘤的感兴趣区域(ROI)进行BLI通量(光子/秒)的定量,然后将其限制、背景校正并测量BLI信号。将每只小鼠的左和右两胁腹肿瘤一起平均,然后用于处理组比较和分析。所有代表性的生物发光图像均使用标准发光标度生成,并进行裁剪以消除背景对象。
DIPG表达数据
来自太平洋儿童神经肿瘤联盟(Pacific Pediatric Neuro-OncologyConsortium)(PNOC)NCT02274987研究的数据包含29例新诊断的DIPG病例的PPM1D和NAPRT表达水平。根据制造商的方案,使用Illumina HiSeq执行RNA测序,并用于计算转录物丰度。使用GraphPad Prism计算皮尔逊(Pearson)相关系数r。HSJD-DIPG系和另外的DIPG模型细胞系的数据是从先前发布的数据集获得的,该数据集从Affymetrix Agilent和Illumina表达阵列以及从RNASeq中整理而来。
统计分析及显著性
除非另有说明,数据均在Microsoft Excel和GraphPad Prism软件上进行分析。学生双尾T检验显著性用于两组之间的比较,并在*=p<0.05、**=p<0.01、***=p<0.001、****=p<0.0001时描述为显著的。曼-惠特尼检验用于评估肿瘤生长曲线,使用与上述相同的显著性符号。对数秩(Mantel-Cox)检验用于评估通过Kaplan-Meier图测量的肿瘤延迟的显著性。除非另有说明,否则显示的所有误差条都是平均值的标准差。
实施例1:
PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞对NAMPT抑制剂敏感
为了开发用于后续生物研究的PPM1D突变体模型,我们使用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑以创建同基因永生化人星形胶质细胞,其包含内源性PPM1D截断突变(PPM1Dtrncs.)。杂合的截断突变被引入PPM1D基因座的外显子6,其在与DIPG中发现的位置相似的C端位置(图1A)。然后我们分离了单细胞PPM1Dtrnc.克隆并确认存在编码截断的PPM1D蛋白质的移码突变(图5A)。正如预期的,截断的PPM1D在突变体细胞中高度表达(图1B),并且与野生型(WT)、全长形式的蛋白质相比,保持了实质上更长的半衰期(图1C和1D)。增加的PPM1D蛋白质稳定性与增强的磷酸酶活性相关,如暴露于电离辐射(IR)后,通过蛋白质印迹(图5B)和γH2AX病灶形成分析(图1E和图5C)测量的关键PPM1D靶标γH2AX和pCHK2(T68)的活跃脱磷酸化所示的。重要的是,使用GSK2830371(一种已知的PPM1D抑制剂)处理消除了这些差异(图1F)。
鉴于PPM1D在DDR途径中的作用,我们使用我们小组先前描述的研究方法,利用一组针对关键DNA修复和代谢蛋白质的抑制剂执行了小分子合成致死筛选。该筛选鉴定了PPM1D突变与烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)抑制剂FK866之间的合成致死相互作用(图1G,表2)。这种意外的NAMPT抑制剂敏感性在三种不同的PPM1Dtrnc.细胞系(图1H),以及三种结构不同的NAMPT抑制剂:STF31、GPP78和STF118804(图1I;图5D)中得到证实,确认了我们的最初发现并建立了这种效应是对NAMPT活性的靶向抑制(on-target inhibition)的结果。此外,在亲本星形胶质细胞的细胞系中稳定过表达WT或突变体PPM1D(分别为OEFL或OEtrnc.)足以赋予FK866合成致死性,证实这种相互作用是由增加的PPM1D的总活性所驱动的,而不是突变体蛋白质的新形态作用(图1J;图5E-5)。另外的,磷酸酶死亡突变体(PPM1D314A)的表达不会导致我们的星形胶质细胞模型中的FK866敏感性,进一步验证了对诱导这种合成致死性的PPM1D活性增加的依赖性。
表2.合成致死药物筛选化合物和IC50比率。
降低PPM1Dtrncs.中的NAD水平驱动NAMPT i敏感性
接下来,我们试图研究突变体PPM1D诱导的NAMPT抑制剂(NAMPTi)合成致死性的分子基础。NAMPT催化挽救烟酰胺(NAM)中的限速步骤,以形成烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)(图2A)。因此,我们希望在我们的WT和PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞模型中定量NAD代谢组以更好地理解该重要代谢途径中的潜在变化。我们发现PPM1D突变会导致许多NAD相关代谢物的实质上抑制,包括NAD和NADP水平的显著降低(图2B、2C;图6A)。由于这两种辅因子的维持对细胞生物能量学和增殖很重要,我们检查了NAMPT抑制对NAD和NADP二者数量以及细胞成活力的影响。虽然NAD和NADP二者的细胞池(cellular pool)在FK866处理的WT星形胶质细胞中明显下降,但在PPM1Dtrnc.细胞中的下降更为显著(图2D;图6),表明在突变体BPM1D的环境中对NAMPT活性的依赖性增强。然后,我们测试了烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)是否可以绕过NAMPT抑制,从而挽救PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中NAD的水平。事实上,NR处理充分提高了基础NAD水平(图6C和图6D),并完全减轻了FK866在PPM1Dtrnc.细胞中的细胞毒性影响(图2E;补充图6E和图6F)。在NAM的外源性处理时发现了类似的结果,该处理强烈拮抗PPM1Dtrnc.细胞中的FK866细胞毒性(图6G-6I)。有趣地是,NA外源性处理并未阻止FK866诱导的细胞死亡,表明在Preiss Handler挽救途径中存在潜在的代谢缺陷(图6J-6L)。综合起来,这些数据表明突变体P1D诱导NAD代谢组和尤其是NAD水平的抑制,该抑制通过NAMPT抑制可以被进一步增强,这导致选择性杀死PPM1D突变体细胞。
PPM1D突变体DIPG模型沉默NAPRT基因表达
为了理解PPM1Dtrnc.细胞中NAD耗尽的根本原因,靶向参与NAD合成和消耗途径的关键酶,我们在我们的同基因星形胶质细胞中执行了聚焦合成致死siRNA筛选。使用FK866敏感性作为终点,目标是鉴定其缺失表型复制(phenocopy)先前鉴定在突变体PPM1D和NAMPT抑制之间的合成致死相互作用的基因。从这个筛选中,我们发现siRNA介导的烟酸磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAPRT)的敲低诱导了亲本星形胶质细胞对FK866处理的明显敏感性(图2F;图7A)。另外的NAPRT siRNA用于证实这些发现,并进一步揭示了NAPRT敲低程度与FK866敏感性之间的强相关性(图7B,图7C)。NAPRT在NAD的产生中起到与NAMPT的互补作用,并且之前的研究已将NAPRT表达与NAMPT抑制剂敏感性负相关。令人惊讶的是,我们发现在我们的PPM1Dtrnc.和PPM1D过表达(OEFL和OEtrnc.)细胞系中未检测到NAPRT蛋白质表达(图2G)。为了确定这种关键缺陷是否导致NAMPT抑制剂敏感性,我们将NAPRT重新引入PPM1Dtrnc.细胞中。NAPRT的稳定异位表达完全补救了由NAMPT抑制引起的细胞毒性,并反映了WT细胞中常见的抗性(图2H;图7D、7E)。总的来说,这些发现表明,突变体PPM1D驱动NAPRT表达的丢失,这最终诱导明显的NAMPT抑制剂敏感性。
为了补充我们在永生化、正常人星形胶质细胞中的工作,我们随后测试了我们的发现是否可以在更临床相关的肿瘤模型中重现。为此,我们检查了一组先前描述的患者来源的DIPG球体培养物中的NAPRT表达。这些DIPG系的一种SU-DIPG-XXXV在PPM1D中包含S432fs突变(图8A、图8B),并突出表达了蛋白质的超稳定、截断形式(图2I)。类似于PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞,我们发现SU-DIPG-XXXV也完全缺乏NAPRT基因表达。这种缺陷在DIPG细胞组中是独特的,因为其余的WT系保持高水平的NAPRT表达。与我们在永生化星形胶质细胞中的发现一致,SU-DIPG-XXXV也对FK866处理极为敏感(图2J和2K),具有在低个位数纳摩尔范围内的细胞毒性剂量。相比之下,三个WT DIPG系对FK866处理具有抗性,这突出了NAMPT抑制剂敏感性对PPM1D突变状态的依赖性。值得注意的是,在缺乏烟酸(NA)的生长培养基中培养这些DIPG细胞系在所有测试的SU-DIPG球体培养物中诱导了对FK866的强烈敏感性(图8C),这证实了可选的NAD生物合成途径的重要性,例如在介导神经胶质瘤中的NAMPT抑制剂合成致死性中的NA挽救。
表观遗传事件沉默PPM1D突变体模型中的NAPRT表达
接下来,我们试图鉴定突变体PPM1D抑制NAPRT表达的机制。虽然NAPRT的mRNA在WTDIPG系(SU-DIPG-IV、XIII和XVII)中高度表达,但在测试的所有PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞和DIPG模型(PPM1Dtrnc.、PPM1DOE和SU-DIPG-XXXV)中发现NAPRT转录物水平显著抑制(图3A),这表明存在NAPRT基因的保守转录阻抑。由于转录沉默通常受表观遗传因子的控制,我们接下来检查了WT和PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞中NAPRT启动子处不同组蛋白标记的占据。使用染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP),我们发现PPM1D突变体细胞中的NAPRT转录阻抑与关键活化染色质标记H34me3和H3K27ac的实质上丢失相关(图3B)。先前已经表明,H3K4me3和H3K27ac占据的丢失可导致位点特异性DNA甲基化的增加。另外地,NAPRT启动子位于易于从头DNA甲基化的CpG岛内。因此,我们考虑了突变体PPM1D通过调节其启动子处的DNA甲基化来诱导NAPRT基因沉默的可能性。为了验证这一假设,我们分别使用Me-DIP和hMe-DIP测定对NAPRT启动子内的甲基化和羟甲基化胞嘧啶碱基进行了免疫沉淀和定量。从这项工作中,我们检测到PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞中在NAPRT启动子处DNA甲基化显著增加,但没有羟甲基化增加(图3C)。这一发现通过亚硫酸氢盐转化和我们的星形胶质细胞和DIPG模型测序得到进一步证实,其揭示了所有PPM1D突变体细胞系中广泛的NAPRT启动子高甲基化(图3D)。为了确定这种影响是否具体限于DIPG和星形胶质细胞模型,我们在骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS(R458fs)以及乳腺癌细胞系MCF7(PPM1D扩增)中验证了我们的结果,这两者均包含内源性PPM1D改变(图9A和9B)。类似于PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞,我们发现在U2OS和MCF7细胞中NAPRT转录的实质上基因沉默,这与NAPRT启动子的广泛高甲基化相对应(图9C和9D)。进一步,两种细胞系都对FK866处理表现出强烈的敏感性,这与PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞和其他所述的PPM1D突变体DIPG模型相当(图9E)。
PPM1D突变促进全局CpG岛高甲基化
接下来,我们研究了突变体PPM1D诱导的NAPRT基因沉默是否是焦点事件还是更全局现象的一部分。对我们整个组的WT和PPM1D突变体细胞系以及以下另外三个PPM1D突变体DIPG系进行了全基因组甲基化剖析:HSJD-DIPG-007、HSJD-DIPG-008和HSJD-DIPG-14b;所有这些都维持NAPRT(27)表达降低和/或对FK866处理的敏感性(图10A-10D)。来自IlluminaHuman EPIC Bead Array(850k)的甲基化结果揭示,在所有测试的PPM1D突变体细胞系中,CpG岛高甲基化实质上增加。在390个最显著的可变探针(SVP)中,287个(74%)在PPM1D突变体系(PPM1Dtrnc.、PPM1DOE、SU-DIPG-XXXV、HSJD-DIPG-007、HSJD-DIPG-008和HSJD-DIPG-14b)中被高甲基化,相比较而言,在WT细胞系中只有103(26%)个高甲基化(图3E)。此外,随后从数据集中鉴定和分析了NAPRT基因座内的单独探针。位于NAPRT CpG岛启动子区域内的所有7个位点在PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞和DIPG培养物中均严重甲基化,双变量相关分析将6个突变体细胞中的5个与测试的WT系分开聚类(图3F)。有趣的是,尽管HSJD-DIPG-14b中NAPRT启动子内的整体甲基化程度较低,但该系仍然在先前描述的SVP中表现出高甲基化,并且在全基因组甲基化分析中与其他PPM1D突变体系相似地聚类。值得注意的是,所有测试的DIPG系都含有内源性组蛋白3K27M突变(图10A和10E),这通常与肿瘤样本中的PPM1D截断突变同时发生。尽管先前有报道将H3.1或H3.3 K27M突变与全局DNA低甲基化联系起来,但我们的结果表明,PPM1D中的截断改变实际上可能克服了这种影响,反而驱动基因组CpG岛的高甲基化。
IDH1 R132H突变体神经胶质瘤著名地表现出与神经胶质瘤相关的CpG岛甲基化表型(或G-CIMP),这是由肿瘤代谢物2-HG对DNA去甲基化TET蛋白质的竞争性抑制引起的。为了理解在我们的PPM1D突变体DIPG模型中观察到的高甲基化事件是否与IDH1突变体细胞系中发现的那些高甲基化事件平行,我们分析了前2%显著可变CpG岛甲基化阵列探针,以便与之前发表的IDH1突变体数据集比较(图11A和11B)。尽管我们在PPM1D-和IDH1突变体细胞系中鉴定出与其亲本星形胶质细胞对照相比相似百分比的高甲基化探针(79.4%和63.9%,分别对于PPM1D突变体和IDH1突变体星形胶质细胞),但我们惊讶地发现在两个工程化的突变体系之间几乎没有重叠(图11C)。进一步地,检查TET酶活性产物全局5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hmC),发现WT和PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞之间的5-hmc水平没有显著差异,这表明不同的机制可能驱动这些突变体细胞系中的基因组高甲基化的发展(图11D)。最后,使用DNA去甲基化剂地西他滨(DCT)和氮杂胞苷(azaC)处理PPM1Dtrnc.细胞未能逆转这些细胞中NAPRT的基因沉默,这进一步不同于我们之前在IDH1突变体细胞系中的研究结果(图11E)。总的来说,这些发现表明PPM1D突变驱动了独特的全局DNA甲基化模式,其不同于在IDH1突变体神经胶质瘤中发现的模式,后者与CpG岛高甲基化和NAPRT基因沉默相关。
NAMPTi在体内对PPM1Dmut异种移植有效
接下来,我们测试了突变体PPM1D诱导的NAMPT抑制剂敏感性是否可以在体内重现。我们将亲本和PPM1Dtrnc.细胞皮下注射入NOD scidγ(NSG)小鼠并使用生物发光成像(BLI)监测肿瘤生长。尽管亲本星形胶质细胞在6个月后未形成肿瘤,但胁腹注射PPM1Dtrnc.星形胶质细胞导致在30天内形成肿瘤。值得注意的是,用FK866处理这些小鼠后,三周后引起肿瘤负荷迅速降低(倍数变化=4.93,通过曼-惠特尼U检验,p=0.0003)(图12A和12B)。与单独使用媒介物处理相比,在用FK866处理后这些数据与实质上降低(倍数变化=3.1,通过曼-惠特尼检验U,p<0.0001)的最终肿瘤质量相关(图12C)。由于PPM1Dtrnc.异种移植的大小和生长率限制了可选测量技术的使用,我们创建了连续移植的PPM1D突变体星形胶质细胞异种移植模型。这些PPM1D突变体异种移植在胁腹注射的12天内形成可测量的肿瘤(图12D)并快速生长,从而允许直接评估肿瘤体积。如以卡尺和BLI二者测量的(图4A;图12E),用FK866处理这些小鼠大大减小了总肿瘤大小(倍数变化=17.1,通过U曼-惠特尼U检验,p<0.0002),并且与媒介物对照(图4B)相比,显著延迟肿瘤生长(通过对数秩(Mantel-Cox)检验,p<0.0001)。在U2OS细胞系异种移植中获得了类似的结果,其再次显示出对FK866处理的显著敏感性(倍数变化=5.86,曼-惠特尼U检验,p<0.0001)(图13A)。重要地是,由于NAMPT抑制剂与剂量相关的毒性相关,因此在整个给药方案中跟踪研究中所有小鼠的健康和体重,在此时间期间我们检测到处理组之间的体重没有显著差异(图13B)。总体而言,我们的数据强烈支持FK866在体外观察到的合成致死性,并证明了NAMPT抑制剂对于处理PPM1D突变体肿瘤的潜在疗效。
最后,使用来自一组DIPG活检标品(31)中的基因表达数据,我们鉴定了PPM1D和NAPRT mRNA水平之间的强烈负相关(图13C),以及在已知PPM1D突变体肿瘤样本中NAPRT表达降低的趋势(图4C;图13D)。并行地,我们分析了跨肿瘤亚型的来自cBioPortal的公开可用的患者来源的癌症基因表达数据,在肿瘤亚型中经常发现PPM1D被扩增,包括脑、乳腺和卵巢。由此,我们确定了在PPM1D低表达和高表达肿瘤之间NAPRT表达上的统计学显著差异的趋势(图13E),这为多种恶性肿瘤提供了另外的验证,这些恶性肿瘤将这种致癌基因的表达与潜在的可作用(actionable)和可给药的(druggable)靶标相关联。
总而言之,我们的结果确立了对于PPM1D突变作为全局DNA甲基化的驱动因素,导致NAPRT基因沉默的先前未知的作用。NAPRT催化Preiss-Handler NA挽救途径的第一步以产生NAD。因此,突变体PPM1D诱导的NAPRT沉默导致NAD代谢组的抑制。NAPRT的丢失需要PPM1D突变体细胞完全依赖于其他NAD生成途径来生存,其主要是由NAMPT介导的NAM挽救途径。因此,PPM1D突变体细胞可以被NAMPT抑制剂选择性靶向和杀死(图4D)。另外地,在一组分类的表达高水平截断或全长PPM1D的细胞中观察到NAMPT抑制剂合成致死性。这一发现表明具有广泛的临床适用性,这是因为PPM1D在多种范围的癌症中被扩增或过度表达。
已在临床试验中测试了NAMPT抑制剂,虽然缺乏预后生物标志物以及限制剂量的血液学毒性,阻碍了它们进一步进入临床。我们的研究揭示了临床相关的生物标志物PPM1D突变,其可用于使用基于NAMPT抑制剂的治疗策略对患者进行分子学知情的个性化处理。此外,先前的研究表明,许多DNA损伤剂,如替莫唑胺和放射疗法,也会耗尽细胞的NAD水平。由于这些药物通常用于治疗携带PPM1D突变的肿瘤(例如DIPG),因此它们可以与NAMPT抑制剂组合,以进一步增强肿瘤选择性细胞毒性。最近的报告表明,NA的共同施用可以经由通过NA挽救途径产生NAD,从而减轻NAMPT抑制剂相关的血液学毒性。根据我们观察到的突变体PPM1D经由肿瘤特异性NAPRT沉默阻断这一途径,NA补充剂可能是进一步增强与NAMPT抑制相关的治疗指数的有效方法。最后,我们的结果揭示了CpG岛高甲基化事件的独特模式,特别是在DIPG中。这一发现让人联想到,但在生物学上与成人神经胶质瘤中的IDH1/2突变相关的发现不同。总体而言,我们的工作表明了完全独立的路径,通过该路径,肿瘤相关突变可以驱动全局DNA高甲基化事件,并进一步阐明神经胶质瘤生物学中异常甲基化的分子后果。
在此引用的每项专利、专利申请和出版物的公开内容均通过引用以整体并入本文。尽管已参考具体实施方式公开了本发明,但很明显是,本领域的其他技术人员可以设计出本发明的其他实施方式和变化而不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围。所附权利要求旨在解释为包括所有此类实施方式和等效变化。
序列表
<110> 耶鲁大学
R.宾德拉
N.方斯
C.M.布伦纳
<120> 鉴定PPM1D突变作为NAMPTi敏感性的新型生物标志物
<130> 047162-7195WO1(00970)
<150> US 62/748,911
<151> 2018-10-22
<160> 16
<170> PatentIn 版本 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> gRNA 寡核苷酸
<400> 1
acaccgttga gggtatgact acacctg 27
<210> 2
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> gRNA 寡核苷酸
<400> 2
aaaacaggtg tagtcatacc ctcaacg 27
<210> 3
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 3
gcatagattt gttgagttct ggg 23
<210> 4
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 4
agccctctta tatcctaagt ttgg 24
<210> 5
<211> 44
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 5
ccagtcaagt cactcgagga ggatccatga ccaagggtga attc 44
<210> 6
<211> 44
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 6
gaattcaccc ttggtcatgg atcctcctcg agtgacttga ctgg 44
<210> 7
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 7
cacctctggt gaccaagacc 20
<210> 8
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 8
gtggcctggt agaggtcagt 20
<210> 9
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 9
cgagaggagt tgggtgacat cc 22
<210> 10
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 10
cctatggcgc actccctgtg 20
<210> 11
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 11
tgactacttt tgacttcagc c 21
<210> 12
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 12
tctgcatttt aactatggct c 21
<210> 13
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 13
aaacaggatg cctgccttta 20
<210> 14
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 引物
<400> 14
ggactttcca cctatgggac 20
<210> 15
<211> 491
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 15
Met Asn Pro Ala Ala Glu Ala Glu Phe Asn Ile Leu Leu Ala Thr Asp
1 5 10 15
Ser Tyr Lys Val Thr His Tyr Lys Gln Tyr Pro Pro Asn Thr Ser Lys
20 25 30
Val Tyr Ser Tyr Phe Glu Cys Arg Glu Lys Lys Thr Glu Asn Ser Lys
35 40 45
Leu Arg Lys Val Lys Tyr Glu Glu Thr Val Phe Tyr Gly Leu Gln Tyr
50 55 60
Ile Leu Asn Lys Tyr Leu Lys Gly Lys Val Val Thr Lys Glu Lys Ile
65 70 75 80
Gln Glu Ala Lys Asp Val Tyr Lys Glu His Phe Gln Asp Asp Val Phe
85 90 95
Asn Glu Lys Gly Trp Asn Tyr Ile Leu Glu Lys Tyr Asp Gly His Leu
100 105 110
Pro Ile Glu Ile Lys Ala Val Pro Glu Gly Phe Val Ile Pro Arg Gly
115 120 125
Asn Val Leu Phe Thr Val Glu Asn Thr Asp Pro Glu Cys Tyr Trp Leu
130 135 140
Thr Asn Trp Ile Glu Thr Ile Leu Val Gln Ser Trp Tyr Pro Ile Thr
145 150 155 160
Val Ala Thr Asn Ser Arg Glu Gln Lys Lys Ile Leu Ala Lys Tyr Leu
165 170 175
Leu Glu Thr Ser Gly Asn Leu Asp Gly Leu Glu Tyr Lys Leu His Asp
180 185 190
Phe Gly Tyr Arg Gly Val Ser Ser Gln Glu Thr Ala Gly Ile Gly Ala
195 200 205
Ser Ala His Leu Val Asn Phe Lys Gly Thr Asp Thr Val Ala Gly Leu
210 215 220
Ala Leu Ile Lys Lys Tyr Tyr Gly Thr Lys Asp Pro Val Pro Gly Tyr
225 230 235 240
Ser Val Pro Ala Ala Glu His Ser Thr Ile Thr Ala Trp Gly Lys Asp
245 250 255
His Glu Lys Asp Ala Phe Glu His Ile Val Thr Gln Phe Ser Ser Val
260 265 270
Pro Val Ser Val Val Ser Asp Ser Tyr Asp Ile Tyr Asn Ala Cys Glu
275 280 285
Lys Ile Trp Gly Glu Asp Leu Arg His Leu Ile Val Ser Arg Ser Thr
290 295 300
Gln Ala Pro Leu Ile Ile Arg Pro Asp Ser Gly Asn Pro Leu Asp Thr
305 310 315 320
Val Leu Lys Val Leu Glu Ile Leu Gly Lys Lys Phe Pro Val Thr Glu
325 330 335
Asn Ser Lys Gly Tyr Lys Leu Leu Pro Pro Tyr Leu Arg Val Ile Gln
340 345 350
Gly Asp Gly Val Asp Ile Asn Thr Leu Gln Glu Ile Val Glu Gly Met
355 360 365
Lys Gln Lys Met Trp Ser Ile Glu Asn Ile Ala Phe Gly Ser Gly Gly
370 375 380
Gly Leu Leu Gln Lys Leu Thr Arg Asp Leu Leu Asn Cys Ser Phe Lys
385 390 395 400
Cys Ser Tyr Val Val Thr Asn Gly Leu Gly Ile Asn Val Phe Lys Asp
405 410 415
Pro Val Ala Asp Pro Asn Lys Arg Ser Lys Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Leu
420 425 430
His Arg Thr Pro Ala Gly Asn Phe Val Thr Leu Glu Glu Gly Lys Gly
435 440 445
Asp Leu Glu Glu Tyr Gly Gln Asp Leu Leu His Thr Val Phe Lys Asn
450 455 460
Gly Lys Val Thr Lys Ser Tyr Ser Phe Asp Glu Ile Arg Lys Asn Ala
465 470 475 480
Gln Leu Asn Ile Glu Leu Glu Ala Ala His His
485 490
<210> 16
<211> 605
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 16
Met Ala Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Gly Val Ser Val Phe Ser Asp Gln Gly
1 5 10 15
Gly Arg Lys Tyr Met Glu Asp Val Thr Gln Ile Val Val Glu Pro Glu
20 25 30
Pro Thr Ala Glu Glu Lys Pro Ser Pro Arg Arg Ser Leu Ser Gln Pro
35 40 45
Leu Pro Pro Arg Pro Ser Pro Ala Ala Leu Pro Gly Gly Glu Val Ser
50 55 60
Gly Lys Gly Pro Ala Val Ala Ala Arg Glu Ala Arg Asp Pro Leu Pro
65 70 75 80
Asp Ala Gly Ala Ser Pro Ala Pro Ser Arg Cys Cys Arg Arg Arg Ser
85 90 95
Ser Val Ala Phe Phe Ala Val Cys Asp Gly His Gly Gly Arg Glu Ala
100 105 110
Ala Gln Phe Ala Arg Glu His Leu Trp Gly Phe Ile Lys Lys Gln Lys
115 120 125
Gly Phe Thr Ser Ser Glu Pro Ala Lys Val Cys Ala Ala Ile Arg Lys
130 135 140
Gly Phe Leu Ala Cys His Leu Ala Met Trp Lys Lys Leu Ala Glu Trp
145 150 155 160
Pro Lys Thr Met Thr Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Ser Gly Thr Thr Ala Ser
165 170 175
Val Val Ile Ile Arg Gly Met Lys Met Tyr Val Ala His Val Gly Asp
180 185 190
Ser Gly Val Val Leu Gly Ile Gln Asp Asp Pro Lys Asp Asp Phe Val
195 200 205
Arg Ala Val Glu Val Thr Gln Asp His Lys Pro Glu Leu Pro Lys Glu
210 215 220
Arg Glu Arg Ile Glu Gly Leu Gly Gly Ser Val Met Asn Lys Ser Gly
225 230 235 240
Val Asn Arg Val Val Trp Lys Arg Pro Arg Leu Thr His Asn Gly Pro
245 250 255
Val Arg Arg Ser Thr Val Ile Asp Gln Ile Pro Phe Leu Ala Val Ala
260 265 270
Arg Ala Leu Gly Asp Leu Trp Ser Tyr Asp Phe Phe Ser Gly Glu Phe
275 280 285
Val Val Ser Pro Glu Pro Asp Thr Ser Val His Thr Leu Asp Pro Gln
290 295 300
Lys His Lys Tyr Ile Ile Leu Gly Ser Asp Gly Leu Trp Asn Met Ile
305 310 315 320
Pro Pro Gln Asp Ala Ile Ser Met Cys Gln Asp Gln Glu Glu Lys Lys
325 330 335
Tyr Leu Met Gly Glu His Gly Gln Ser Cys Ala Lys Met Leu Val Asn
340 345 350
Arg Ala Leu Gly Arg Trp Arg Gln Arg Met Leu Arg Ala Asp Asn Thr
355 360 365
Ser Ala Ile Val Ile Cys Ile Ser Pro Glu Val Asp Asn Gln Gly Asn
370 375 380
Phe Thr Asn Glu Asp Glu Leu Tyr Leu Asn Leu Thr Asp Ser Pro Ser
385 390 395 400
Tyr Asn Ser Gln Glu Thr Cys Val Met Thr Pro Ser Pro Cys Ser Thr
405 410 415
Pro Pro Val Lys Ser Leu Glu Glu Asp Pro Trp Pro Arg Val Asn Ser
420 425 430
Lys Asp His Ile Pro Ala Leu Val Arg Ser Asn Ala Phe Ser Glu Asn
435 440 445
Phe Leu Glu Val Ser Ala Glu Ile Ala Arg Glu Asn Val Gln Gly Val
450 455 460
Val Ile Pro Ser Lys Asp Pro Glu Pro Leu Glu Glu Asn Cys Ala Lys
465 470 475 480
Ala Leu Thr Leu Arg Ile His Asp Ser Leu Asn Asn Ser Leu Pro Ile
485 490 495
Gly Leu Val Pro Thr Asn Ser Thr Asn Thr Val Met Asp Gln Lys Asn
500 505 510
Leu Lys Met Ser Thr Pro Gly Gln Met Lys Ala Gln Glu Ile Glu Arg
515 520 525
Thr Pro Pro Thr Asn Phe Lys Arg Thr Leu Glu Glu Ser Asn Ser Gly
530 535 540
Pro Leu Met Lys Lys His Arg Arg Asn Gly Leu Ser Arg Ser Ser Gly
545 550 555 560
Ala Gln Pro Ala Ser Leu Pro Thr Thr Ser Gln Arg Lys Asn Ser Val
565 570 575
Lys Leu Thr Met Arg Arg Arg Leu Arg Gly Gln Lys Lys Ile Gly Asn
580 585 590
Pro Leu Leu His Gln His Arg Lys Thr Val Cys Val Cys
595 600 605
Claims (12)
1.一种治疗受试者中癌症的方法,所述方法包括
向所述受试者施用至少一种烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(NAMPT)抑制剂,从而治疗所述癌症,
其中蛋白磷酸酶Mg2+/Mn2+依赖性1D(PPM1D)在从所述受试者的所述癌症获得的活检样本中升高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括在从所述受试者获得的癌细胞样本中检测相对于参考水平升高的PPM1D水平。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述癌症包含所述PPM1D基因中的一个或多个突变。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中PPM1D包括C端截断突变。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种NAMPT抑制剂选自OT-82、KPT-9274、FK866、GNE-618、LSN-3154567、FK866、STF31、GPP78和STF118804。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述癌症是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃肠癌、脑癌、成神经管细胞瘤或小儿神经胶质瘤。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向所述受试者施用至少一种另外的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)耗尽治疗。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述另外的NAD耗尽治疗选自替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、伊立替康和放射疗法。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括向所述受试者施用补充的烟酰胺。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中以包含至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物向所述受试者施用有效量的所述NAMPT抑制剂。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者是哺乳动物。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者是人。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201862748911P | 2018-10-22 | 2018-10-22 | |
US62/748,911 | 2018-10-22 | ||
PCT/US2019/057386 WO2020086547A1 (en) | 2018-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | IDENTIFICATION OF PPM1D MUTATIONS AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR NAMPTi SENSITIVITY |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114096243A true CN114096243A (zh) | 2022-02-25 |
Family
ID=70330533
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201980084245.8A Pending CN114096243A (zh) | 2018-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | 鉴定PPM1D突变作为NAMPTi敏感性的新型生物标志物 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210369681A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3870166A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022513375A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114096243A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3117152A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2020086547A1 (zh) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080318892A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2008-12-25 | John Geoffrey Pickering | Methods and formulations for protecting cells, and for treating diseases and conditions by optimizing the intracellular concentration of nad |
CN101384264A (zh) * | 2004-09-22 | 2009-03-11 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 含有聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的治疗组合物 |
US20150284806A1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-10-08 | The Institute For Cancer Research:Royal Cancer Hospital | Materials and methods for determining susceptibility or predisposition to cancer |
US20170174704A1 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2017-06-22 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Quinoxaline compounds and uses thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104768931A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-07-08 | 向日葵研究有限责任公司(美国) | 化合物及其治疗用途 |
WO2019087199A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Curewize Health Ltd. | Methods for prognosis and treatment of solid tumors |
-
2019
- 2019-10-22 CN CN201980084245.8A patent/CN114096243A/zh active Pending
- 2019-10-22 EP EP19876311.2A patent/EP3870166A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-22 CA CA3117152A patent/CA3117152A1/en active Pending
- 2019-10-22 US US17/285,849 patent/US20210369681A1/en active Pending
- 2019-10-22 WO PCT/US2019/057386 patent/WO2020086547A1/en unknown
- 2019-10-22 JP JP2021547056A patent/JP2022513375A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101384264A (zh) * | 2004-09-22 | 2009-03-11 | 辉瑞大药厂 | 含有聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的治疗组合物 |
US20080318892A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2008-12-25 | John Geoffrey Pickering | Methods and formulations for protecting cells, and for treating diseases and conditions by optimizing the intracellular concentration of nad |
US20150284806A1 (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-10-08 | The Institute For Cancer Research:Royal Cancer Hospital | Materials and methods for determining susceptibility or predisposition to cancer |
US20170174704A1 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2017-06-22 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Quinoxaline compounds and uses thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DAVID S. SHAMES等: "Loss of NAPRT1 Expression by Tumor-specific Promoter Methylation Provides a Novel Predictive Biomarker for NAMPT Inhibitors", CLIN CANCER RES, vol. 19, no. 24, pages 6912 - 6923 * |
MARK WATSON等: "The Small Molecule GMX1778 Is a Potent Inhibitor of NAD+ Biosynthesis: Strategy for Enhanced Therapy in Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase 1-Deficient Tumors", MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 21, pages 5872 - 5888, XP002597402, DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00112-09 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2022513375A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
EP3870166A1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
WO2020086547A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
EP3870166A4 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
US20210369681A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
CA3117152A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11066709B2 (en) | Methods for diagnosing and treating cancer by means of the expression status and mutational status of NRF2 and downstream target genes of said gene | |
KR102061353B1 (ko) | 인간 ezh2의 억제제 및 이의 사용 방법 | |
EP3004396B1 (en) | Compositions for the treatment of cancer | |
AU2014229985B2 (en) | Methods of treating colorectal cancer | |
US20190055563A1 (en) | Polymerase q as a target in hr-deficient cancers | |
US11814688B2 (en) | Markers for determining tumor hypoxia | |
AU2020283323A1 (en) | Treatment of ALT cancers | |
US10697020B2 (en) | MicroRNA-129 as a biomarker for colorectal cancer | |
Chen et al. | Inhibition of EPS8L3 suppresses liver cancer progression and enhances efficacy of sorafenib treatment | |
US11571475B1 (en) | Anti-CD70 and BCR-ABL inhibitor combination therapy | |
CN114096243A (zh) | 鉴定PPM1D突变作为NAMPTi敏感性的新型生物标志物 | |
US10768179B2 (en) | Method for predicting responsiveness to cancer treatment using p300-inhibiting compound | |
US20220280590A1 (en) | Use of inhibitors of yap and sox2 for the treatment of cancer | |
EP2204177B1 (en) | Cancer marker and therapeutic agent for cancer | |
WO2014188201A2 (en) | Treatment | |
US20130090303A1 (en) | Agonists of PY2Y Receptor as a Treatment for Aortic Stenosis and Cardiovascular Calcification | |
WO2024003350A1 (en) | Combination therapy for melanoma | |
KR20240143116A (ko) | Pak4 억제제를 포함하는 비알콜성지방간 및 간섬유화 치료용 약학적 조성물 | |
WO2015009851A1 (en) | Methods of treating cancer in subjects afflicted with metabolic dysfunction | |
CN111434353A (zh) | Ras抑制剂筛选及疗效标志物 | |
Mitsudomi | EGF receptor-targeted drugs | |
WO2010043713A2 (en) | Use of cyclin o in a medical setting |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20220225 |