CN114094549B - Two-way Z source direct current solid state circuit breaker based on H bridge structure - Google Patents
Two-way Z source direct current solid state circuit breaker based on H bridge structure Download PDFInfo
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional Z-source direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on an H-bridge structure, which comprises a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor and a piezoresistor. The anode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first inductor; the cathode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor; the first end of the first inductor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the connection point of the first inductor and the first capacitor is used as a first leading-out terminal; the first end of the second inductor is connected with the anode of the second thyristor and the cathode of the first thyristor; the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor and the anode of the first thyristor, the second end of the second inductor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor, and the connection point of the second inductor is used as a second leading-out terminal; the first end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor, and the second end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor to form an energy absorption loop, so that redundant energy in the system is absorbed when the thyristor is turned off.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current circuit breakers, in particular to a bidirectional Z-source direct current solid-state circuit breaker.
Background
Renewable energy is continuously developed, new energy power generation technology is promoted, and the development direction of future advanced power generation technology is formed. The direct-current microgrid has a simple structure, has unique advantages in the aspects of power transmission efficiency, electric energy quality and the like, and is an effective mode for accessing renewable energy sources. The application range of the direct-current micro-grid is continuously expanded, and higher requirements are put forward on the safe operation of the direct-current micro-grid. The direct current does not have a natural zero crossing point, so that the protection difficulty of a direct current system is increased, and the direct current breaker isolates a fault and extinguishes an electric arc by creating an artificial current zero crossing point, so that the direct current breaker is an effective direct current protection method at present.
The direct current circuit breaker can be classified into a mechanical type, an all-solid-state type and a hybrid type according to the structure, but the mechanical type and the hybrid type switching speed are influenced by a mechanical switch, so that the switching speed is slow. The all-solid-state circuit breaker continuously progresses along with the rapid development of power electronic devices, and has the advantages of rapid fault isolation, high reliability and the like. One development of solid-state circuit breakers is now to use semi-controlled type elements and to optimize the topology.
The document "Corzine K a, ashton R w.structure and analysis of the Z-source MVDC breaker [ C ]//2011IEEE Electric shift Technologies symposium. Ieee, 334-338" by Corzine K a et al proposes a Z-source solid-state circuit breaker developed on the basis of a Z-source converter, which can achieve a typical short-circuit fault isolation effect that meets the design requirements of system parameters by adjusting the parameters of the breaker elements only without the need for additional detection and control circuits. K.a. corona et al in the document "k.a. corona and r.w.ashton, a New Z-Source DC Circuit Breaker [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27 (6): 2796-2804" suggest that Z-Source solid state DC Circuit breakers mainly comprise three types: staggered, parallel, and series. However, the Z-source circuit breaker still has some problems, such as the staggered solid-state dc circuit breaker has a problem that the power source is not grounded to the load, the parallel type and the series type have large reverse current flowing through the thyristor, and the Z-source solid-state dc circuit breaker has the biggest problem that bidirectional flow of power and energy cannot be realized. Therefore, a bidirectional Z-source solid-state dc circuit breaker was designed. Y.Tao et al in the document "Y.Tao, Y.Wang, Q.Lin and W.Li.design and Simulation of a Bidirectional DC Circuit Breaker [ C ]// IECON 2020the46th annular Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics society, singapore, 2020". However, the circuit breaker uses more capacitors, which causes capacitor redundancy and increases the volume, weight and cost of the circuit breaker. This patent therefore introduces a bidirectional bridge dc solid state circuit breaker.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a bidirectional Z-source direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on an H-bridge structure, which solves the limitations that the energy and the power of a unidirectional circuit breaker can only flow in a unidirectional mode, the load and the power of the bidirectional circuit breaker are not in common with each other, the on-state loss and the volume and the weight are large.
In order to achieve the above effects, the present invention provides a bidirectional Z-source dc solid-state circuit breaker based on an H-bridge structure, comprising:
the circuit comprises a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor and a piezoresistor;
the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first inductor;
the cathode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor;
the first end of the first inductor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the connection point of the first inductor and the first capacitor is used as a first leading-out terminal;
the first end of the second inductor is connected with the anode of the second thyristor and the cathode of the first thyristor;
the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor and the anode of the first thyristor, the second end of the second inductor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor, and the connection point of the second inductor is used as a second leading-out terminal;
the first end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor, the second end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor to form an energy absorption loop, and redundant energy in the system is absorbed when the thyristor is turned off;
the first leading-out terminal and the second leading-out terminal can be respectively connected with a power supply, a load or energy storage equipment.
Further, the bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker can realize bidirectional energy flow, and the specific connection relationship is as follows:
the first inductor, the first thyristor and the second inductor form an energy forward flow channel of the circuit topology; the second inductor and the second thyristor form an energy backward flow channel of the circuit topology.
Further, the bidirectional Z-source dc solid-state circuit breaker based on the H-bridge structure may have a ground working process divided into three steps: a steady state working step, a short circuit fault state working step and a follow current working step;
when energy flows forward:
when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through a first inductor, a first thyristor and a second inductor, voltages at two ends of a first capacitor and a second capacitor are both 0, a charging and discharging process does not exist, the circuit breaker is equivalent to an open circuit, impedance of an inductance coil is very low, and energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small;
when a short-circuit fault occurs, at the transient moment, the currents of the first inductor and the second inductor cannot change suddenly, the current directions of the first inductor and the second inductor are the same as those of the transient moment, the first capacitor and the second capacitor are in a charging state, the charging current of the second capacitor flows to the load side, the charging current of the first capacitor reversely flows through the first thyristor to offset the forward current flowing through the first thyristor, and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the anode voltage of the first thyristor is lower than the cathode voltage so as to be turned off;
step three, after the first thyristor is switched off, the capacitor finishes the charging stage and then enters the discharging stage, at this time, the energy of the inductance coil is not completely consumed, the energy of the inductance coil is consumed by the piezoresistor connected with the first thyristor in parallel, and when the current of the capacitor and the current of the inductor are stabilized to be 0, the fault is completely isolated;
when energy flows backwards:
when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through a second inductor, a second thyristor and a first inductor, a second capacitor and a first capacitor are equivalent to an open circuit, and the energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small;
step two, at the transient state moment of the short-circuit fault, the current of the second inductor and the current of the first inductor can not change suddenly, the current direction of the second inductor and the current direction of the first inductor are the same as that of the short-circuit fault at the steady state, the second capacitor and the first capacitor are in a charging state, the charging current of the first capacitor flows to the load side, the charging current of the second capacitor reversely flows through the second thyristor to offset the forward current flowing through the second thyristor, and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the second thyristor is switched off;
step three, after the second thyristor is switched off, the capacitor finishes the charging stage and enters the discharging stage, the energy of the inductance coil is not completely consumed, and the energy of the inductance coil and the inductance coil is consumed through the piezoresistor connected with the first thyristor in parallel; when the current of the capacitor and the inductor is stabilized to 0, it means that the fault is completely isolated.
The invention can realize the following beneficial effects:
1. starting from the aspect of a circuit topological structure, the circuit breaker is simple in structure, the structure of the H bridge is adopted to realize bidirectional flow of energy, fewer components are used, and the volume, weight and cost are reduced.
2. From the aspect of circuit function, the circuit breaker realizes the common ground of a power supply and a load, a detection control circuit is not required to be additionally arranged, the first capacitor and the second capacitor are charged during fault transient, and the thyristor is turned off in a mode that charging current reversely flows through the thyristor, so that the reliability of the circuit breaker is improved.
3. From the aspect of on-state loss, the circuit breaker uses the capacitor to replace the reverse blocking effect of the diode, eliminates the redundant capacitor to the maximum extent, reduces the use of semiconductor devices and passive devices, and reduces the on-state loss of the system.
Drawings
Various additional advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the circuit breaker of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of voltage and current of a load when a load short-circuit fault is simulated and simulated.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of the voltage and current of the first thyristor when the load short-circuit fault is simulated.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of the voltage and current of the first capacitor when the load short-circuit fault is simulated.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of the voltage and current of the first inductor when a load short-circuit fault is simulated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
In fig. 1, 1-a first thyristor, 2-a second thyristor, 3-a first capacitor, 4-a second capacitor, 5-a first inductor, 6-a second inductor, 7-a piezoresistor, 8-a power supply, 9-a first leading-out terminal, 10-a connection point of the first thyristor and the first capacitor, 11-a connection point of the first thyristor and the first inductor, 12-a connection point of the piezoresistor and a cathode of the first thyristor, 13-a connection point of the piezoresistor and an anode of the first thyristor, 14-a connection point of the second thyristor and the second inductor, 15-a connection point of the second thyristor and the second capacitor, 16-a second leading-out terminal, and 17-a short-circuit fault point.
The bidirectional direct current circuit breaker comprises a first thyristor (1), a second thyristor (2), a first capacitor (3), a second capacitor (4), a first inductor (5), a second inductor (6) and a piezoresistor (7). The anode of the first thyristor (1) is connected with the second end of the first inductor (5); the cathode of the first thyristor (1) is connected with the second end of the first capacitor (3); the first end of the first inductor (5) is connected with the first end of the first capacitor (3), and the connection point of the first inductor and the first capacitor is used as a first leading-out terminal (9); the first end of the second inductor (6) is connected with the anode of the second thyristor (2) and the cathode of the first thyristor (1); the first end of the second capacitor (4) is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor (2) and the anode of the first thyristor (1), the second end of the second inductor (6) is connected with the second end of the second capacitor (4), and the connection point of the second inductor is used as a second leading-out terminal (16); the first end of the piezoresistor (7) is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor (1), the second end of the piezoresistor (7) is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor (2) to form an energy absorption loop, and redundant energy in the system is absorbed when the thyristor is turned off; the first leading-out terminal (9) and the second leading-out terminal (16) can be respectively connected with a power supply, a load or energy storage equipment.
The bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker can realize bidirectional energy flow. The first inductor (5), the first thyristor (1) and the second inductor (6) form an energy forward flow channel of the circuit topology; the second inductor (6), the second thyristor (2) and the first inductor (5) form an energy backward flow channel of the circuit topology.
The following introduces a specific working principle of the topological structure of the bidirectional bridge type direct current solid-state circuit breaker provided by the invention:
when energy flows forward: step one, when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through the first inductor (5), the first thyristor (1) and the second inductor (6). The voltages at two ends of the first capacitor (3) and the second capacitor (4) are both 0, so that the charging and discharging processes do not exist, and the open circuit is equivalent to. The impedance of the inductor (5) (6) coil is low, and the energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small. And step two, when a short-circuit fault occurs, at the transient moment, the currents of the first inductor (5) and the second inductor (6) cannot change suddenly, the current directions are the same as those in the steady state, and the first capacitor (3) and the second capacitor (4) are in a charging state. The charging current of the second capacitor (4) flows to the load side, the charging current of the first capacitor (3) reversely flows through the first thyristor to offset the forward current flowing through the first thyristor (1), and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the anode voltage of the first thyristor (1) is lower than the cathode voltage, so that the thyristor is turned off. And step three, after the first thyristor (1) is switched off, the capacitors (3) and (4) finish a charging stage and then enter a discharging stage, at the moment, the energy of the coils of the inductors (5) and (6) is not completely consumed, and the energy of the inductors and the coils is consumed by the piezoresistor (7) connected with the first thyristor (1) in parallel. When the currents of the capacitors (3) (4) and the inductors (5) (6) are stabilized to 0, it means that the fault is completely isolated.
When energy flows backwards: when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through the second inductor (6), the second thyristor (2) and the first inductor (5). The second capacitor (4) and the first capacitor (3) are equivalent to open circuits, and the energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small. And step two, when the short-circuit fault is in a transient state, the currents of the second inductor (6) and the first inductor (5) cannot change suddenly, the current directions of the currents are the same as those of the currents in a steady state, and the second capacitor (4) and the first capacitor (3) are in a charging state. The charging current of the first capacitor (3) flows to the load side, the charging current of the second capacitor (4) reversely flows through the second thyristor (2) to offset the forward current flowing through the second thyristor (2), and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the second thyristor (2) is switched off. And step three, after the second thyristor (2) is switched off, the capacitors (3) and (4) finish the charging stage and then enter the discharging stage, at the moment, the energy of the coils of the inductors (5) and (6) is not completely consumed, and the energy of the inductors and the coils is consumed by the piezoresistor (7) which is connected with the first thyristor (1) in parallel. When the current of the capacitors (3) (4) and the inductors (5) (6) is stabilized to 0, the fault is completely isolated.
Simulation experiments were performed in Saber software for examples, with forward flow of energy as an example. The voltage of a power supply (8) is set to be 400V, the first capacitor (3) and the second capacitor (4) are both 220 muF, the first inductor (5) and the second inductor (6) are both 500 muH, the load parameter is set to be 20 omega, and the short-circuit fault resistance is 0.1 omega. The experimental waveform is shown in FIG. 2,3,4,5.
In the simulation experiment, the simulated load short-circuit fault occurs when t =5 ms. During steady-state operation, the voltage at the two ends of the first capacitor (3) is zero and is not charged, during fault transient state, the capacitors (3) and (4) are charged simultaneously, the voltage is finally stabilized at the power supply voltage, the charging current reversely passes through the first thyristor (1), the current of the first thyristor (1) is rapidly reduced to 0 from 20A during steady-state operation, and the voltage is rapidly increased after being reversely biased for about 250 us. If the thyristor is to be turned off, the voltage reverse bias time of the thyristor needs to be more than 40us, so that the circuit breaker can reliably turn off the thyristor. Since the energy of the inductors (5) and (6) is not completely dissipated, the voltage of the first thyristor (1) oscillates and decays and finally stabilizes at the power supply voltage 400V. The load current rapidly drops from a steady state operating state to 0 at the time of the fault, and the short-circuit fault protection function of the circuit breaker is also verified.
In summary, although the basic structures, principles and methods of the present invention have been specifically illustrated by the above examples, it is not intended that the present invention be limited to these specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the inventive concept.
Claims (2)
1. A bidirectional Z-source direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on an H-bridge structure comprises:
the circuit comprises a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first inductor, a second inductor and a piezoresistor;
the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first inductor;
the cathode of the first thyristor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor;
the first end of the first inductor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, and the connection point of the first inductor and the first capacitor is used as a first leading-out terminal;
the first end of the second inductor is connected with the anode of the second thyristor and the cathode of the first thyristor;
the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor and the anode of the first thyristor, the second end of the second inductor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor, and the connection point of the second inductor is used as a second leading-out terminal;
the first end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor, the second end of the piezoresistor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor to form an energy absorption loop, and redundant energy in the system is absorbed when the thyristor is turned off;
the first leading-out terminal and the second leading-out terminal are respectively connected with a power supply, a load or energy storage equipment;
the working process of the bidirectional Z-source direct-current solid-state circuit breaker comprises three steps: a steady state working step, a short circuit fault state working step and a follow current working step;
when energy flows forward:
when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through a first inductor, a first thyristor and a second inductor, voltages at two ends of a first capacitor and a second capacitor are both 0, the charging and discharging processes do not exist, the circuit breaker is equivalent to an open circuit, the impedance of an inductance coil is very low, and the energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small;
when a short-circuit fault occurs, at the transient moment, the currents of the first inductor and the second inductor cannot change suddenly, the current directions of the first inductor and the second inductor are the same as those of the first inductor and the second inductor in a steady state, the first capacitor and the second capacitor are in a charging state, the charging current of the second capacitor flows to the load side, the charging current of the first capacitor reversely flows through the first thyristor to offset the forward current flowing through the first thyristor, and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the anode voltage of the first thyristor is lower than the cathode voltage so as to be turned off;
step three, after the first thyristor is switched off, the capacitor finishes the charging stage and then enters the discharging stage, at this time, the energy of the inductance coil is not completely consumed, the energy of the inductance coil is consumed by the piezoresistor connected with the first thyristor in parallel, and when the current of the capacitor and the current of the inductor are stabilized to be 0, the fault is completely isolated;
when energy flows backwards:
when the circuit breaker is in a normal working state, current flows to a load through a second inductor, a second thyristor and a first inductor, a second capacitor and a first capacitor are equivalent to an open circuit, and the energy consumption of the circuit breaker is very small;
step two, at the transient state moment of the short-circuit fault, the current of the second inductor and the current of the first inductor can not change suddenly, the current direction of the second inductor and the current direction of the first inductor are the same as that of the short-circuit fault at the steady state, the second capacitor and the first capacitor are in a charging state, the charging current of the first capacitor flows to the load side, the charging current of the second capacitor reversely flows through the second thyristor to offset the forward current flowing through the second thyristor, and when the reverse current is larger than the forward current, the second thyristor is switched off;
step three, after the second thyristor is switched off, the capacitor finishes the charging stage and enters the discharging stage, the energy of the inductance coil is not completely consumed, and the energy of the inductance coil are consumed through the piezoresistor connected with the first thyristor in parallel; when the current of the capacitor and the inductor is stabilized to 0, it means that the fault is completely isolated.
2. The H-bridge structure based bidirectional Z-source direct current solid state circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein: the bidirectional Z-source direct-current solid-state circuit breaker realizes bidirectional energy flow, and the specific connection relationship is as follows:
the first inductor, the first thyristor and the second inductor form an energy forward flow channel of the circuit topology; the second inductor, the second thyristor and the first inductor form an energy backward flow channel of the circuit topology.
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