CN114094326A - UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications - Google Patents
UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application, comprising a medium substrate which is horizontally distributed; the top surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate is provided with a first arc-shaped radiation patch and a longitudinally distributed feeder line; an elliptical groove is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch; the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch is connected with the rear end of the feeder line; and the front end of the feeder line is connected with an SMA joint. Compared with the single-layer wiring condition of the existing medium substrate, the UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application disclosed by the invention has scientific structural design, can cover a 5.15-5.875GHz (WLAN) frequency band, can effectively improve the gain of the antenna through the structural design of the arc-shaped radiation patch on the medium substrate, has good impedance matching performance, and has great practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application.
Background
With the rapid development of internet communication, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication technology is rapidly developed due to its advantages of high data transmission rate, low power consumption, low cost, and the like.
An ultra-wideband UWB antenna is an indispensable part of the development of UWB communication technology. The UWB antenna is an antenna with excellent performance and a small size. Among the different types of antennas, planar antennas and printed antennas exhibit good performance in UWB applications.
However, the existing planar monopole antenna is difficult to use due to a volume problem. Therefore, in practical applications, the printed monopole antenna is more and more favored due to its advantages of small size, convenient manufacturing, low cost, etc.
However, some conventional UWB antennas have problems of large loss in the dielectric substrate and low gain of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved gain structure for UWB antennas for WLAN applications, which addresses the technical drawbacks of the prior art.
To this end, the present invention provides a UWB antenna gain improvement architecture for WLAN applications comprising a horizontally distributed dielectric substrate;
the top surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate is provided with a first arc-shaped radiation patch and a longitudinally distributed feeder line;
an elliptical groove is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch is connected with the rear end of the feeder line;
and the front end of the feeder line is connected with an SMA joint.
Preferably, when the UWB antenna gain improvement structure is an antenna of the first structure, the following structure is further included:
the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a first GND metal patch which is transversely distributed and rectangular;
the longitudinal width of the first GND metal patch is smaller than that of the feed line;
the transverse length of the first GND metal patch is equal to that of the dielectric substrate;
and the feeder line and the first GND metal patch below the dielectric substrate jointly form a microstrip line feed structure.
Preferably, the feed line is, in particular, a microstrip line whose characteristic impedance is ohm.
Preferably, when the UWB antenna gain improvement structure is an antenna of the second structure, the following structure is further included: the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate are respectively provided with a second GND metal patch which is transversely distributed and rectangular;
the second GND metal patches are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the feeder line and are distributed in bilateral symmetry;
the longitudinal width of the second GND metal patch is smaller than that of the feed line;
the second GND metal patch and the first arc-shaped radiation patch are respectively provided with reserved gaps which are longitudinally distributed;
and the feeder line and the second GND metal patches on two sides of the feeder line form an omega coplanar waveguide feed structure together.
Preferably, when the UWB antenna gain improvement structure is an antenna of the third structure, the following structure is further included:
a second arc-shaped radiation patch is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate;
an elliptical groove is formed in the second arc-shaped radiation patch;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
the elliptical grooves on the first arc-shaped radiation patches and the elliptical grooves on the second arc-shaped radiation patches are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
a third GND metal patch which is transversely distributed and rectangular is arranged at the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate;
a reserved gap which is longitudinally distributed is formed between the third GND metal patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch;
the longitudinal width of the third GND metal patch is smaller than that of the feed line;
the transverse length of the third GND metal patch is equal to that of the dielectric substrate;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch and a second arc-shaped radiation patch connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through a metal through hole form an antenna radiation main body part together;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate, a metal through hole which vertically penetrates up and down is respectively arranged at the left end, the right end and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner wall of the metal via hole is covered with metal.
Preferably, when the UWB antenna gain improvement structure is an antenna of the fourth structure, the following structure is further included:
a second arc-shaped radiation patch is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate;
an elliptical groove is formed in the second arc-shaped radiation patch;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
the elliptical grooves on the first arc-shaped radiation patches and the elliptical grooves on the second arc-shaped radiation patches are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch which are connected through the metal through hole form an antenna radiation main body part;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate, a metal through hole which vertically penetrates up and down is respectively arranged at the left end, the right end and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner wall of the metal through hole is covered with metal;
the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate are respectively provided with a fourth GND metal patch which is transversely distributed and rectangular;
the fourth GND metal patches are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the feeder line and are distributed in bilateral symmetry;
the longitudinal width of the fourth GND metal patch is smaller than that of the feed line;
and reserved gaps which are longitudinally distributed are respectively arranged between the fourth GND metal patch and the first arc-shaped radiation patch.
Preferably, the outer peripheral edges of the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch are arc-shaped.
Compared with the prior art, the UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application is scientific in structural design, and compared with the existing single-layer wiring condition of the medium substrate, the UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application can cover a 5.15-5.875GHz (WLAN) frequency band and effectively improve the gain of the antenna through the structural design of the arc-shaped radiation patch on the medium substrate, has good impedance matching performance and has great practical significance.
In addition, the upper layer of metal patches and the lower layer of metal patches (namely the arc-shaped radiation patches) which are connected through the metal through holes are arranged on the dielectric substrate of the antenna, so that the loss in the dielectric substrate can be effectively reduced, and the gain of the antenna is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a top view of a first embodiment of an antenna structure for UWB antenna gain improvement structures for WLAN applications provided by the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a bottom view of a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications provided by the present invention, the antenna structure of the first embodiment;
FIG. 1c is a top view of a second embodiment of an antenna structure for UWB antenna gain improvement structures for WLAN applications provided by the present invention;
FIG. 1d is a bottom view of a second embodiment of an improved UWB antenna gain structure for WLAN applications provided by the present invention;
FIG. 1e is a top view of a third embodiment of an improved UWB antenna gain configuration for WLAN applications provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 1f is a bottom view of a third embodiment of an improved UWB antenna gain structure for WLAN applications according to the present invention;
FIG. 1g is a top view of a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications provided by the present invention, a fourth embodiment of the antenna structure;
FIG. 1h is a bottom view of a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications provided by the present invention, a fourth embodiment of the antenna structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gain improvement structure of the UWB antenna for WLAN application, in which the antenna structure of four embodiments has S11 (return loss) parameters;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of gain parameters of four embodiments of an improved UWB antenna gain structure for WLAN applications according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) parameters of four embodiments of the improved UWB antenna gain structure for WLAN applications according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of antenna efficiency parameters of four embodiments of the improved UWB antenna gain structure for WLAN applications according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1a to 5, the present invention provides a UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications, comprising a horizontally distributed dielectric substrate 1;
a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, on the top of which a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a longitudinally distributed feed line 4 are arranged (for example, by printing);
an elliptical groove 20 is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the rear end of the feeder line 4;
the front end of the feed line 4 is connected with an SMA connector.
Note that the SMA joints are used to provide excitation to the antenna. The SMA connector is known by the name Sub Miniature version a and is a typical high frequency connector. The SMA connector has the characteristics of small size, high reliability, wide frequency band, excellent performance, long service life and the like, so the SMA connector is suitable for connecting a radio frequency cable or a microstrip line and a feeder line in a radio frequency loop of microwave equipment and a digital communication system.
In the present invention, the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is a metal patch made of copper.
In the present invention, referring to fig. 1a and fig. 1h, the UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application provided by the present invention, specifically designed structure, may include four types of antennas. The concrete description is as follows:
the first embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1a and 1b, a first structure of the antenna is specifically as follows:
a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, on the top of which a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a longitudinally distributed feed line 4 are arranged (for example, by printing);
an elliptical groove 20 is formed (for example, by etching) in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the rear end of the feeder line 4;
the front end of the feed line 4 is connected with an SMA connector.
In addition, the first structure of the antenna further includes the following structures: a first GND (grounding) metal patch 41 which is transversely distributed and rectangular is arranged at the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
the longitudinal width of the first GND metal patch 41 is smaller than the longitudinal width of the feed line 4 by 0.1 mm;
the lateral length of the first GND metal patch 41 is equal to the lateral length of the dielectric substrate 1.
In the first embodiment, the feeder 4 is specifically a microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. Note that, the feeder line 4 and the first GND metal patch 41 below the dielectric substrate 1 may jointly form a 50 Ω microstrip line feeding structure. The feeder line 4 and the first GND metal patches 41 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate 1 without contacting each other.
In the first embodiment, in a concrete implementation, the antenna with the first structure is a 50 Ω microstrip line feed structure (that is, including the feed line 4 and the first GND metal patch 41) to feed and excite an arc patch radiator (that is, the first arc radiation patch 21) having an internal etched elliptical slot, so as to obtain a UWB antenna capable of covering a frequency band of 5.15-5.875GHz, and a gain is 1.07-2.31 dBi.
In the first embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4 plate material, mainly considering that it has low cost, and can play a role in saving cost in practical application; the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is used as a radiation patch and is printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting a metal material copper; the elliptical groove 20 is formed on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 in a metal etching mode; the first GND metal patch 41 is also formed on the dielectric substrate 1 by printing copper, which is a metal material.
And the SMA connector is connected with a 50 omega feeder line 4 and the first GND metal patch 41 and is used for feeding the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 etched with the elliptical groove 20, so that the radiation performance of the antenna is realized.
Example two.
Referring to fig. 1c and 1d, in the second structure of the antenna, the feeding mode is changed based on the first antenna structure, which is specifically as follows:
a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, on the top of which a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a longitudinally distributed feed line 4 are arranged (for example, by printing);
an elliptical groove 20 is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the rear end of the feeder line 4;
the front end of the feed line 4 is connected with an SMA connector.
In addition, the second structure of the antenna further includes the following structures: a second GND metal patch 42 which is transversely distributed and rectangular is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
two second GND metal patches 42 respectively located on the left and right sides of the feeder line 4 and symmetrically distributed left and right;
the longitudinal width of the second GND metal patch 42 is smaller than the longitudinal width of the power feed line 4;
two second GND metal patches 42 and the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 are respectively provided with reserved gaps which are longitudinally distributed.
In the second embodiment, the power feed line 4 and the second GND metal patches 42 on both sides thereof constitute a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide feed structure.
In the second embodiment, the antenna with the second structure is an antenna with a coplanar waveguide feed structure to excite an arc-shaped patch radiator (i.e. the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21) with an internal etched elliptical slot, and a UWB antenna capable of covering a frequency band of 5.15-5.875GHz is also obtained, and the gain is 1.43-2.77 dBi.
In the present invention, the band range of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the patch and the elliptical groove for both the antennas having the first configuration and the antennas having the second configuration.
In the second embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4 plate material, mainly considering that it has low cost, and can play a role in saving cost in practical application; the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is used as a radiation patch and is printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting a metal material copper; the elliptical groove 20 is formed on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 in a metal etching mode; the second GND metal patch 42 is also printed on the dielectric substrate 1 with copper, which is a metal material.
And the SMA connector is connected with the feed line 4 and the second GND metal patch 42 and is used for feeding the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 etched with the elliptical groove 20, so that the antenna radiation performance is realized.
Example three.
Referring to fig. 1e and 1f, a third structure of the antenna is specifically as follows:
a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, on the top of which a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a longitudinally distributed feed line 4 are arranged (for example, by printing);
an elliptical groove 20 is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the rear end of the feeder line 4;
the front end of the feed line 4 is connected with an SMA connector.
In addition, the third structure of the antenna further includes the following structures: a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 is provided with an elliptical groove 20;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 have the same shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
the elliptical groove 20 on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the elliptical groove 2 on the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 have the same shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
a third GND metal patch 43 which is transversely distributed and rectangular is arranged at the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
a reserved gap is longitudinally distributed between the third GND metal patch 43 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22;
the longitudinal width of the third GND metal patch 43 is smaller than the longitudinal width of the power feed line 4;
the lateral length of the third GND metal patch 43 is equal to the lateral length of the dielectric substrate 1.
The first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 through the metal through hole 5;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole 5 form an antenna radiation main body part together;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate 1, metal through holes 5 which vertically penetrate up and down are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front side and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner walls of the metal vias 5 are covered with metal.
In the third embodiment, the feeder 4 is specifically a microstrip line with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. The feeder line 4 and the third GND metal patch 43 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the dielectric substrate 1 without contact.
It should be noted that the antenna with the third structure is formed by respectively arranging arc patches (i.e., the first arc radiation patch 21 and the second arc radiation patch 22) with the same size and an elliptical groove on the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric substrate 1 on the basis of the antenna with the first structure, and connecting the arc patches by the metal loading via holes 5, and the antenna with the third structure is a UWB antenna capable of covering a frequency band of 5.15-5.875GHz, and has a gain of 1.48-3.23 dBi. Compared with the antenna with the first structure, the gain is increased by about 0.9dBi to the maximum extent.
In the third embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4 plate material, mainly considering that it has low cost, and can play a role in saving cost in practical application; the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole 5 are used as radiation bodies and printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting metal material copper; the elliptical groove 20 is formed on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 in a metal etching mode; the third GND metal patch 43 is also printed on the dielectric substrate 1 with copper, which is a metal material.
And the SMA connector, which connects the feeder line 4 and the third GND metal patch 43, is used for feeding the radiation main body (i.e. the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22) etched with the elliptical slot 20, so as to implement the antenna radiation performance.
Example four.
Referring to fig. 1g and fig. 1h, a fourth structure of the antenna is specifically as follows:
a rectangular dielectric substrate 1, on the top of which a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a longitudinally distributed feed line 4 are arranged (for example, by printing);
an elliptical groove 20 is formed in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21;
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the rear end of the feeder line 4;
the front end of the feed line 4 is connected with an SMA connector.
In addition, the fourth structure of the antenna further includes the following structures: a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 is provided with an elliptical groove 20;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 have the same shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
the elliptical groove 20 on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the elliptical groove 2 on the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 have the same shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 through the metal through hole 5;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole 5 form an antenna radiation main body part together;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate 1, metal through holes 5 which vertically penetrate up and down are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front side and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner wall of the metal through hole 5 is covered with metal;
in addition, the fourth structure of the antenna further includes: a fourth GND metal patch 44 in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed structure is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1;
fourth GND metal patches 44 which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the feeder line 4 and are symmetrically distributed left and right;
the longitudinal width of the fourth GND metal patch 44 is smaller than the longitudinal width of the power feed line 4;
the fourth GND metal patch 44 and the first arc radiation patch 21 have reserved gaps distributed longitudinally.
In the fourth embodiment, in a concrete implementation, the feeder line 4 and the fourth GND metal patches 44 on two sides thereof form a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding structure of 50 Ω together.
It should be noted that the antenna with the fourth structure is formed by respectively providing arc patches (i.e., the first arc radiation patch 21 and the second arc radiation patch 22) with the same size and an elliptical groove on the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric substrate 1 on the basis of the antenna with the second structure, and connecting the arc patches through the loading metal via 5. The antenna with the fourth structure can obtain the UWB antenna capable of covering a frequency band of 5.15-5.875GHz, and the gain in the frequency band is 1.6-2.99 dBi. The gain is increased by about 0.2dBi overall compared to the antenna of the second configuration.
In the fourth embodiment, the dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR4 plate material, mainly considering that it has low cost, and can play a role in saving cost in practical application; the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal through hole 5 are used as radiation bodies and printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by adopting metal material copper; the elliptical groove 20 is formed on the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 in a metal etching mode, and the fourth GND metal patch 44 is printed on the dielectric substrate 1 by using a metal material copper.
And the SMA connector, which connects the feeder line 4 and the GND metal patch 44, is used for feeding the radiation main body (i.e. the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22) etched with the elliptical slot 20, so as to realize the radiation performance of the antenna.
In the present invention, for the antennas with the third structure and the fourth structure, the metal patches (i.e., the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22) with the same size are disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the two metal patches are connected by loading the metal via hole 5, so that the coverage of the frequency band can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the patches and the elliptical groove.
In the present invention, in terms of specific implementation, for the third and fourth embodiments, in the antennas with the third and fourth structures, the number, position, and size of the metal vias 5 all have a certain influence on the performance of the antenna, and the height is the same as the thickness of the board. The antenna mainly plays a role in connecting metal patches (namely a first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and a second arc-shaped radiation patch 22) on the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric substrate 1, so that no voltage difference exists between the upper layer of patches and the lower layer of patches, loss in the dielectric substrate 1 is reduced, and gain of the antenna is improved.
In the present invention, the dimensions of the dielectric substrate 1 are 15mm in width, 25mm in length, and 1mm in thickness. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 is selected to be 1mm, so that the antenna self-supporting problem is considered, the antenna is too thin and can be bent, the performance of the antenna is affected, and the processing and mass production are not facilitated.
In the present invention, considering that the size and shape of the slots in the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 have an influence on the antenna impedance matching condition and the antenna gain, the gain effect of the elliptical slot 20 is verified to have an excellent gain effect, and since the shapes of the peripheral outer edges of the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22 are arcs, the antenna gain adjustment range can be larger when the elliptical slot is selected.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention relates to four scientific, low-cost and compact patch ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna structures with elliptical grooves, and the sizes of the medium substrate 1 are 15 multiplied by 25 multiplied by 1mm3. Under the condition that the basic shape of the arc-shaped radiation patch with the oval slot is kept unchanged, the four antenna structures can cover 5.15-5.875GHz (WLAN) frequency bands by adjusting the size of the arc-shaped radiation patch.
It should be noted that, in the implementation, the longitudinal length and the transverse width of the arc-shaped radiation patch are main factors affecting the resonant frequency of the antenna, so that the frequency band covered by the impedance bandwidth, the dimensions of the arc-shaped radiation patch and the elliptical groove, etc. can be adjusted by adjusting the length and the width of the arc-shaped radiation patch, and the resonant frequency is also affected.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows the S11 parameter obtained by simulation of four antenna structures, and it can be seen that when the return loss is less than-10 dB, the frequency band ranges of the four antenna structures can cover 5.15-5.875 GHz.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows actual gain parameters obtained by simulation of four antenna structures, and it can be seen that in two feeding modes, the gain of the antenna can be improved by connecting the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch through the metal via hole 5.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows simulated voltage standing wave ratio parameters of four antenna structures, which reflect the impedance matching of the antenna, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the four antenna structures are all less than 2 in the coverage frequency band of the impedance bandwidth, which shows that they have good impedance matching performance.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows an antenna efficiency diagram obtained according to the actual gain/directivity coefficient obtained by the simulation of the four antenna structures, and it can be seen that the connection between the first arc-shaped radiation patch and the second arc-shaped radiation patch is performed through the metal via hole 5 in two feeding modes, which can indeed improve the antenna efficiency.
According to the invention, the size of the dielectric substrate of the antenna is kept unchanged, and the upper and lower layers of metal patches connected through the metal via hole on the dielectric substrate can effectively reduce the loss in the dielectric substrate compared with the single-layer wiring condition of the dielectric substrate in two feeding modes of microstrip line feeding and coplanar waveguide feeding, so that the antenna gain is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN application provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing antenna with single-layer wiring of the dielectric substrate, the invention has the advantages that the loss in the dielectric substrate 1 can be effectively reduced by the upper and lower metal patches (namely the arc-shaped radiation patches) connected with each other through the metal through hole on the dielectric substrate 1 in two feeding modes of microstrip line feeding and coplanar waveguide feeding under the condition of keeping the size of the dielectric substrate 1 of the antenna unchanged, so that the gain of the antenna is improved.
It should be noted that, in the antenna design of the first structure and the second structure, a part of energy is dissipated in the dielectric substrate, so as to reduce the gain of the antenna, and for this reason, the invention further proposes an optimization mode that: the upper and lower metal patches (namely the first arc-shaped radiation patch 21 and the second arc-shaped radiation patch 22) are connected on the dielectric substrate 1 through the metal via holes 5, so that the current distribution of the upper and lower metal patches is the same, and no voltage difference exists between the upper and lower metal patches, therefore, the energy dissipated in the dielectric substrate is greatly reduced, the unnecessary energy loss of the antenna is reduced, and the antenna gain is improved.
2. The medium substrate of the invention uses FR4 board, so the production cost is greatly reduced.
3. Through a series of optimization, the four antenna structures adopted by the invention can work in a frequency band of 5.15-5.875 GHz. Through inspection, compared with the antenna with the first structure, the antenna with the third structure has the advantage that the gain is improved by 0.9dBi to the maximum extent; the antenna gain of the fourth structure is improved by about 0.2dBi as a whole compared with the antenna of the second structure.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the gain improvement structure of the UWB antenna for WLAN application provided by the present invention has a scientific structural design, and compared with the existing single-layer wiring condition of the dielectric substrate, the antenna of the present invention, through the structural design of the arc-shaped radiation patch on the dielectric substrate, can not only cover the 5.15-5.875ghz (WLAN) frequency band, but also effectively improve the gain of the antenna, has good impedance matching performance, and has significant practical significance.
In addition, the upper layer of metal patches and the lower layer of metal patches (namely the arc-shaped radiation patches) which are connected through the metal through holes are arranged on the dielectric substrate of the antenna, so that the loss in the dielectric substrate can be effectively reduced, and the gain of the antenna is further improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An improved gain structure for a UWB antenna for WLAN applications, characterized by comprising a horizontally distributed dielectric substrate (1);
the top surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and a feeder line (4) which is longitudinally distributed;
an oval groove (20) is arranged on the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21);
the middle position of the front side of the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) is connected with the rear end of the feeder line (4);
the front end of the feed line (4) is connected with an SMA joint.
2. The UWB antenna gain improvement architecture for WLAN applications of claim 1 wherein when the UWB antenna gain improvement architecture is an antenna of a first configuration, further comprising the following:
the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a first GND metal patch (41) which is transversely distributed and rectangular;
the longitudinal width of the first GND metal patch (41) is smaller than that of the feed line (4);
the transverse length of the first GND metal patch (41) is equal to that of the dielectric substrate (1);
and the feeder line (4) and the first GND metal patch (41) below the dielectric substrate (1) jointly form a microstrip line feeding structure.
3. The UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications according to claim 1, characterized by a feeder line (4), in particular a microstrip line with characteristic impedance of (50) ohms.
4. The UWB antenna gain improvement architecture for WLAN applications of claim 1 wherein when the UWB antenna gain improvement architecture is an antenna of the second configuration, further comprising the following: the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1) are respectively provided with a second GND metal patch (42) which is transversely distributed and rectangular;
the second GND metal patches (42) are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the feeder line (4) and are distributed in a left-right symmetrical mode;
the longitudinal width of the second GND metal patch (42) is smaller than that of the feed line (4);
the second GND metal patch (42) and the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) are respectively provided with reserved gaps which are longitudinally distributed;
the feeder line (4) and the second GND metal patches (42) on two sides of the feeder line form (50) an omega coplanar waveguide feed structure.
5. The UWB antenna gain improvement architecture for WLAN applications of claim 1 wherein when the UWB antenna gain improvement architecture is an antenna of a third configuration, further comprising the following:
a second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1);
an elliptical groove (20) is arranged on the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22);
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
the elliptical groove (20) on the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and the elliptical groove (2) on the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
a third GND metal patch (43) which is transversely distributed and rectangular is arranged at the front end of the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1);
a reserved gap is longitudinally distributed between the third GND metal patch (43) and the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22);
the longitudinal width of the third GND metal patch (43) is smaller than that of the feed line (4);
the transverse length of the third GND metal patch (43) is equal to that of the dielectric substrate (1);
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) through the metal through hole (5);
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and a second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) which are connected with the first arc-shaped radiation patch through a metal through hole (5) form an antenna radiation main body part together;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate (1), a metal through hole (5) which vertically penetrates up and down is respectively arranged at the left end, the right end and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner wall of the metal through hole (5) is covered with metal.
6. The UWB antenna gain improvement architecture for WLAN applications of claim 1 wherein when the UWB antenna gain improvement architecture is an antenna of a fourth configuration, further comprising the following:
a second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1);
an elliptical groove (20) is arranged on the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22);
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical mode;
the elliptical groove (20) on the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and the elliptical groove (2) on the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) are the same in shape and size and are distributed in an up-and-down symmetrical manner;
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) is connected with the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) through the metal through hole (5);
the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and a second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) which are connected through a metal through hole (5) form an antenna radiation main body part together;
for an antenna main body consisting of an antenna radiation main body part and a dielectric substrate (1), a metal through hole (5) which vertically penetrates up and down is respectively arranged at the left end, the right end and the middle position of the rear side of the antenna main body;
the inner wall of the metal through hole (5) is covered with metal;
a fourth GND metal patch (44) which is transversely distributed and rectangular is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1);
fourth GND metal patches (44) which are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the feeder line (4) and are symmetrically distributed in the left and the right direction;
the longitudinal width of the fourth GND metal patch (44) is smaller than that of the feed line (4);
and reserved gaps which are longitudinally distributed are respectively arranged between the fourth GND metal patch (44) and the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21).
7. The UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications of claim 6, wherein the shape of the outer peripheral edges of the first arc-shaped radiation patch (21) and the second arc-shaped radiation patch (22) is arc-shaped.
8. The UWB antenna gain improvement structure for WLAN applications according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the dimensions of the dielectric substrate (1) are width 15mm x length 25mm x thickness 1 mm.
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