CN114094145A - Vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method and system - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method and a system, wherein the method comprises the steps that when the whole vehicle is ready at high voltage and has no fault, an FCU sends an enabling signal to a fuel cell; the fuel cell enters a starting or closing state according to the enabling signal, and then the system is judged to enter a loading or unloading mode; the DCDC adjusts the current to a target current value according to a set load rate or a load shedding rate. If the system enters a loading mode, the DCDC receives a starting command of the FCU, and simultaneously the DCDC is increased to a target current value at a set loading rate; the invention considers that the fuel cell system is started and stopped frequently, the impact effect generated by too fast increasing and reducing of the DCDC current in the load increasing and reducing process is relieved, the load increasing and reducing rate also determines the consumed time in the DCDC starting and shutdown process to a certain extent, and the stability and the high efficiency of the fuel cell system voltage boosting DCDC are favorably maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell boosting DCDC control, in particular to a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method and system.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The fuel cell bus is a new energy bus, and strictly speaking, it is an 'electric-electric' hybrid system formed by combining fuel cell and auxiliary power cell. Since the output voltage of the fuel cell is not sufficient to meet the voltage requirement of the high-voltage distribution box, a step-up DCDC converter is required to be added between the fuel cell and the high-voltage distribution box to increase the voltage to the voltage required by the high-voltage circuit and the load. The boosted DCDC performs a switching function in terms of high and low voltages of the fuel cell.
However, the inventors have found that in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control technique, as the fuel cell engine (FCU) is frequently started, the DCDC will also realize a change in the operation mode following the loading and unloading of the fuel cell engine. The time for the DCDC to enter or exit the working mode is determined by the load and unload speed and the target set current value sent by the FCU, the time for the DCDC to reach the target set current value is long when the load/unload speed is slow, and the current is unstable in the speed increasing process when the load/unload speed is too fast, so that the DCDC needs to be balanced between the DCDC and the target set current value to ensure that the boosted DCDC of the fuel cell system keeps efficient and stable work under dynamic load and unload, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method and a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control system, which are used for solving the problem that the speed of the boost DCDC is not stable after the boost DCDC receives loading and load reduction signals, improving the loading and load reduction speed while ensuring the stability and ensuring the stable control of a fuel cell in the starting and shutdown processes.
According to some embodiments, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method, comprising:
when the whole vehicle is ready under high voltage and has no fault, the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell;
the fuel cell enters a starting or closing state according to the enabling signal, and then the system is judged to enter a loading or unloading mode;
the DCDC adjusts the current to a target current value according to a set load rate or a load shedding rate.
Further, if the system enters the loading mode, the DCDC receives a start command of the FCU, and the DCDC is increased to the target current value at the set loading rate.
Further, if the system enters the load shedding mode, the DCDC receives a shutdown command of the FCU, and simultaneously the DCDC reduces to the target current value at the set load shedding rate.
Further, the FCU receives a start or shutdown signal of the vehicle controller, and then controls the DCDC.
When the FCU is required to generate power, the vehicle control unit sends a signal for starting the FCU, and after the FCU has a load pulling condition, the vehicle control unit starts to control the DCDC to pull the load at a set loading rate.
Further, when the VCU does not need the FCU to generate power, the VCU sends a signal for turning off the FCU, and after the FCU has the load shedding condition, the DCDC is controlled to carry out load shedding at the set load shedding rate.
Further, the DCDC is started or shut down according to the condition that when the load-up set target current is larger than the output current of the fuel cell, the DCDC is loaded and started; when the load reduction setting target current is smaller than the output current of the fuel cell, the DCDC performs load reduction shutdown.
Further, the loading rate is obtained by an integral-separate PID control algorithm.
Furthermore, in the integral separation type PID control algorithm, when the deviation between the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC load-rise set target current is smaller than a threshold value, integral control is introduced, and PID control is adopted;
and when the deviation of the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC load-up set target current is larger than a threshold value, cancelling the integral control and adopting PD control.
Further, the load shedding rate is obtained by an integral separation type PID control algorithm.
An on-vehicle fuel cell boost DCDC control system comprising:
the first judgment unit is used for judging that the VCU sends auxiliary power supply enabling according to the low voltage on the whole vehicle, the auxiliary power supply outputs pre-charging and is connected with the high voltage of the whole vehicle, and the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell system;
the second judgment unit is used for judging that the system enters a loading or unloading mode according to the starting or closing state of the fuel cell system;
the control unit determines that the system is in a loading mode according to the second judgment unit, and the DCDC in the control unit receives a starting command sent by the FCU and runs at a set loading rate; determining that the system is in a load shedding mode according to the second judgment unit, wherein the DCDC in the control unit receives a shutdown command sent by the FCU, and simultaneously, the DCDC operates at a set load shedding rate;
and the calculating unit is used for increasing or decreasing the DCDC current to a preset target current of the fuel cell system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention considers that the fuel cell system is started and stopped frequently, the impact effect generated by too fast increasing and reducing of the DCDC current in the load increasing and reducing process is relieved, the load increasing and reducing rate also determines the consumed time in the DCDC starting and shutdown process to a certain extent, and the stability and the high efficiency of the fuel cell system voltage boosting DCDC are favorably maintained.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method includes:
when the whole vehicle is ready under high voltage and has no fault, the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell;
the fuel cell enters a starting or closing state according to the enabling signal, and then the system is judged to enter a loading or unloading mode;
the DCDC adjusts the current to a target current value according to a set load rate or a load shedding rate.
If the system enters the loading mode, the DCDC receives a starting command of the FCU, and meanwhile, the DCDC is increased to a target current value at a set loading rate.
If the system enters the load shedding mode, the DCDC receives a shutdown command of the FCU, and simultaneously, the DCDC reduces to a target current value at a set load shedding rate.
And the FCU receives a starting or shutdown signal of the whole vehicle controller so as to control the DCDC.
When the FCU is required to generate power, the whole vehicle controller sends a signal for starting the FCU, and after the FCU has a load pulling condition, the whole vehicle controller starts to control the DCDC to pull at a set loading rate.
And when the VCU does not need the FCU to generate power, the VCU sends a signal for shutting down the FCU, and after the FCU has the load shedding condition, the DCDC is controlled to carry out load shedding at the set load shedding rate.
The DCDC is started or shut down according to the condition that when the load-up set target current is larger than the output current of the fuel cell, the DCDC is loaded and started; when the load reduction setting target current is smaller than the output current of the fuel cell, the DCDC performs load reduction shutdown.
The loading rate is obtained by an integral separation type PID control algorithm.
In the integral separation type PID control algorithm, when the deviation between the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC load-rise set target current is smaller than a threshold value, integral control is introduced, and PID control is adopted;
and when the deviation of the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC load-up set target current is larger than a threshold value, cancelling the integral control and adopting PD control.
The load shedding rate is obtained by an integral separation type PID control algorithm.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
in this embodiment 1, by using the vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control system, because the start and stop of the fuel cell system are considered to be frequent, the impact effect generated by too fast current increase and decrease in the load increase and decrease process is alleviated, and the load increase and decrease rate also determines the time consumed by start and stop to a certain extent, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability and high efficiency of the fuel cell system boost DCDC.
The implementation steps of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell voltage boosting DCDC control method comprise the following steps:
after the low voltage on the whole vehicle is detected, the VCU is judged to send auxiliary power supply enabling, and after the auxiliary power supply outputs pre-charging and is connected to the high voltage of the whole vehicle, the FCU sends an enabling signal to a fuel cell system;
judging that the system enters a loading or unloading mode according to the starting or closing state of the fuel cell system;
if the system is in a loading mode, the DCDC receives a starting instruction sent by the FCU, receives a preset target current value of the fuel cell system at a set loading rate, and enters a loading working state; and if the system is in the load shedding mode, the DCDC receives a shutdown instruction sent by the FCU, receives a preset target current value of the fuel cell system at a set load shedding rate, and enters a load shedding working state.
And increasing or decreasing the DCDC current to a preset target current of the fuel cell system.
In this embodiment 1, the judgment criteria for loading or unloading by the DCDC include: when the load-up set target current is larger than the output current of the fuel cell system, the DCDC carries out load starting; when the load reduction setting target current is smaller than the output current of the fuel cell system, the DCDC performs load reduction shutdown.
In this embodiment 1, when the DCDC reduces the current to 20A, the load reduction is completed, and the DCDC turns off the output, and if the input voltage of the DCDC is too high, the active discharge mode is automatically entered.
In this embodiment 1, when the DCDC is in the loading state, the FCU increases the amount of air supply of the fuel cell system to increase the current value of the fuel cell, the magnitude of the current value depending on the difference between the load-up setting target current and the fuel cell output current, and raises the current value at the set loading rate until it increases to the preset target current.
And (3) periodic calculation: the setting of the loading rate adopts the following two integral separation type PID control algorithms when the fuel cell outputs current IoutputAnd the target set value I after the DCDC boostingtargetAnd when the deviation is more than 40A, canceling integral control, and respectively expressing current difference values at k and k-1 and an integral separation control algorithm as formulas (1) to (3) by adopting PD control:
Δu(k)＝Itarget(k)-Ioutput(k) (1)
Δu(k-1)＝Itarget(k-1)-Ioutput(k-1) (2)
within a sampling period T, according to the current difference value between the K moment and the K-1 moment, two terms K of PD are processedp、KdThe parameter value is subjected to online feedback adjustment, correction and optimization, the stability of the system is enhanced, and overshoot and oscillation of a larger degree are reduced;
when the fuel cell outputs current IoutputAnd the target set value I after the DCDC boostingtargetWhen the deviation is less than 40A, integral control is introduced, and PID control is adoptedThe current difference at times k and k-1 and the integral separation control algorithm are expressed as equations (4) - (6), respectively:
Δu(k)＝Itarget(k)-Ioutput(k) (4)
Δu(k-1)＝Itarget(k-1)-Ioutput(k-1) (5)
within one sampling period T, three terms K of PID are processed according to the current difference between the K moment and the K-1 moment and the current difference integrated value of the K momentp、Ki、KdThe parameter value is subjected to online feedback adjustment, correction and optimization, and the control precision of the system is improved.
Preferably, when the DCDC is in the load shedding state, the FCU reduces the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell system to reduce the current value of the fuel cell, the magnitude of the current value depending on the difference between the output current of the fuel cell and the load shedding set target current, and reduces the current value at the set load shedding rate until the preset target current is reduced. The setting of the load shedding rate also adopts a PID control algorithm, and the specific mode is the same as the loading mode, which is not described herein again.
Example 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control system including:
the first judgment unit is used for judging that the VCU sends auxiliary power supply enabling according to the low voltage on the whole vehicle, and the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell system after the auxiliary power supply outputs pre-charging and is connected with the high voltage of the whole vehicle;
the second judgment unit is used for judging that the system enters a loading or unloading mode according to the starting or closing state of the fuel cell system;
the control unit determines that the system is in a loading mode according to the second judgment unit, the DCDC in the control unit receives the starting instruction and receives the input request current at a set loading rate, and the DCDC enters a loading working state; and determining that the system is in the load shedding mode according to the second judgment unit, receiving a shutdown instruction by the DCDC in the control unit, reducing the DCDC to a target current value at a set load shedding rate, and entering a load shedding working state by the DCDC.
And the calculating unit is used for increasing or decreasing the DCDC current to a preset target current of the fuel cell system.
Example 3.
The embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method, which is realized by the following steps:
(1) when the load-up set target current is larger than the output current of the fuel cell system, the DCDC is loaded; when the load reduction setting target current is smaller than the output current of the fuel cell system, the DCDC carries out load reduction;
(2) when the VCU needs the FCU to generate power, the VCU sends a signal for starting to the FCU; when the VCU does not need the FCU to generate power, the VCU sends a signal for turning off the machine to the FCU;
(3) the method comprises the steps that after the FCU is started, loading conditions are met, if the system is in a loading mode, the DCDC receives a starting instruction sent by the FCU, enters a loading working state and receives a preset target current value of the fuel cell system at a set loading rate;
(4) the method comprises the steps that after the FCU is shut down, a load shedding condition is achieved, if the system is in a load shedding mode, the DCDC receives a shutdown instruction sent by the FCU, enters a load shedding working state and receives a preset target current value of the fuel cell system at a set load shedding rate;
(5) fuel cell set target current ItargetAnd the output current I of the fuel celloutputBy comparison, a target current I is settargetGreater than the output current I of the fuel celloutputWhen the fuel cell system is started, the FCU increases the air supply quantity of the fuel cell system, and the system current is increased to a preset target current at a set loading rate; setting a target current ItargetLess than the output current I of the fuel celloutputWhen the fuel cell system is started, the FCU reduces the air supply quantity of the fuel cell system, and the system current is reduced to a preset target current at a set load reduction rate;
wherein the loading rate is set according to the output current I of the fuel celloutputAnd the target set value I after the DCDC boostingtargetDetermination of the magnitude of the deviation. If the current exceeds the threshold value, adopting PD control, and within a sampling period T, according to the current difference value of the K moment and the K-1 moment, carrying out two items K of PDp、KdCarrying out on-line feedback adjustment, correction and optimization on the parameter values; if the current difference value does not exceed the threshold value, PID control is adopted, and three items K of the PID are subjected to current difference value of the K moment and the K-1 moment and current difference value accumulated value of the K moment in one sampling period Tp、Ki、KdCarrying out on-line feedback adjustment, correction and optimization on the parameter values;
the setting mode of the load shedding rate is consistent with the loading rate, and details are not repeated here.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method, characterized by comprising:
when the whole vehicle is ready under high voltage and has no fault, the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell;
the fuel cell enters a starting or closing state according to the enabling signal, and then the system is judged to enter a loading or unloading mode;
the DCDC adjusts the current to a target current value according to a set load rate or a load shedding rate.
2. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 1, wherein if the system enters the loading mode, the DCDC receives a start command of the FCU, and the DCDC is raised to a target current value at a set loading rate.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein if the system enters the load shedding mode, the DCDC receives a shutdown command from the FCU, and the DCDC is reduced to the target current value at the set load shedding rate.
4. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 3, wherein said FCU receives a start or shutdown signal of the vehicle controller to control DCDC.
5. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 4, wherein when said vehicle control unit requires the FCU to generate power, it sends a signal for starting the FCU, and after the FCU has the pull-load condition, it starts to control the DCDC to pull-load at the set load rate.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the VCU does not need the FCU to generate power, the VCU sends a signal for turning off the FCU, and after the FCU has the load shedding condition, the DCDC is controlled to carry out load shedding at the set load shedding rate.
7. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, said DCDC is started or shut down based on the load starting when the boost set target current is larger than the output current of the fuel cell; when the load reduction setting target current is smaller than the output current of the fuel cell, the DCDC performs load reduction shutdown.
8. The on-vehicle fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 7, wherein said loading rate is obtained by an integral-split PID control algorithm.
9. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control method according to claim 8, characterized in that in said integral separation type PID control algorithm, when the deviation between the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC boost set target current is less than a threshold value, integral control is introduced, and PID control is adopted;
and when the deviation of the output current of the fuel cell and the DCDC load-up set target current is larger than a threshold value, cancelling the integral control and adopting PD control.
10. A vehicle-mounted fuel cell boost DCDC control system, characterized by comprising:
the first judgment unit is used for judging that the VCU sends auxiliary power supply enabling according to the low voltage on the whole vehicle, and the FCU sends an enabling signal to the fuel cell system after the auxiliary power supply outputs pre-charging and is connected with the high voltage of the whole vehicle;
the second judgment unit is used for judging that the system enters a loading or unloading mode according to the starting or closing state of the fuel cell system;
the control unit determines that the system is in a loading mode according to the second judgment unit, and the DCDC in the control unit receives a starting command sent by the FCU and runs at a set loading rate; determining that the system is in a load shedding mode according to the second judgment unit, wherein the DCDC in the control unit receives a shutdown command sent by the FCU, and simultaneously, the DCDC operates at a set load shedding rate;
and the calculating unit is used for increasing or decreasing the DCDC current to a preset target current of the fuel cell system.
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| CN202111327141.0A CN114094145B (en) | 2021-11-10 | Vehicle-mounted fuel cell boosting DCDC control method and system |
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| CN115991122A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-04-21 | 长安新能源南京研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell engine power control method, system, equipment and medium |
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| CN114687878A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-01 | 河南科技大学 | PTO loading system for stable speed-raising of tractor engine in full-speed region and control method |
| CN115991122A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-04-21 | 长安新能源南京研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell engine power control method, system, equipment and medium |
| CN115991122B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-08-18 | 长安新能源南京研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell engine power control method, system, equipment and medium |
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