CN114094138A - Pile cooling water system, fuel cell system and working method of pile cooling water system - Google Patents
Pile cooling water system, fuel cell system and working method of pile cooling water system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114094138A CN114094138A CN202111342184.6A CN202111342184A CN114094138A CN 114094138 A CN114094138 A CN 114094138A CN 202111342184 A CN202111342184 A CN 202111342184A CN 114094138 A CN114094138 A CN 114094138A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a galvanic pile cooling water system, a fuel cell system and a working method of the galvanic pile cooling water system, wherein the galvanic pile cooling water system comprises a galvanic pile water inlet end, a galvanic pile water outlet end, a first electronic water pump, a first flowmeter, a plate heat exchanger and a control valve; the water outlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water inlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the first flowmeter is communicated with the water outlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the first flow path of the control valve, the water outlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, and the water inlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the second flow path of the control valve. The fuel cell system uses the stack cooling water system. The galvanic pile cooling water system can improve the temperature control precision of the galvanic pile cooling water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a stack cooling water system of a fuel cell, a fuel cell system using the stack cooling water system and a working method of the stack cooling water system.
Background
Compared with the traditional diesel generator, the fuel cell has no fuel combustion process, is not influenced by Carnot cycle, and does not produce substances polluting the atmosphere in the energy conversion process. The energy conversion process of a fuel cell requires the generation of heat. When the heat is accumulated until the temperature of the battery exceeds the optimal working temperature of the battery, the surplus heat must be taken away by the cooling system, so that the optimal heat management of the cooling system is very important for improving the performance of the battery.
However, in the existing water cooling system for the fuel cell, a main circulation path and a plate heat exchanger circulation path are provided, the main circulation path is used for cooling the stack, the plate heat exchanger circulation path is used for adjusting the temperature of cooling water in the main circulation path, the main circulation path is provided with a main circulation water pump for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water, the plate heat exchanger circulation path is also provided with a water pump for adjusting the flow rate of heat exchange liquid with the cooling water, and meanwhile, the proportion of the main circulation path and the cooling water passing through the plate heat exchanger is adjusted through a three-way valve thermostat, so that the purpose of controlling the temperature of the stack is achieved. However, in this scheme, the main circulation path is not provided with any cooling device, and only the circulation path of the plate heat exchanger is used for heat dissipation, but the heat dissipation capacity of the plate heat exchanger is large, so that the temperature can not be finely regulated and controlled easily.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a fuel cell stack cooling water system capable of improving the control precision of the temperature of stack cooling water.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can improve the accuracy of stack cooling water temperature control.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a working method of the galvanic pile cooling water system, which can improve the temperature control precision of the galvanic pile cooling water.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the galvanic pile cooling water system provided by the invention comprises a galvanic pile water inlet end, a galvanic pile water outlet end, a first electronic water pump, a first flow meter, a plate heat exchanger and a control valve; the water outlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water inlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the first flowmeter is communicated with the water outlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the first flow path of the control valve, the water outlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, and the water inlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the second flow path of the control valve.
According to the scheme, the temperature of the cooling water is controlled by the arrangement of the plate heat exchanger and the air-cooled radiator, so that the water flow of the two cooling branches can be conveniently and reasonably adjusted according to the heat generated by the galvanic pile, and the temperature of the cooling water is more accurately controlled. Moreover, the heat dissipation capacity of the air-cooled radiator is far smaller than that of the plate heat exchanger, the air-cooled radiator can achieve more fine water temperature adjustment, and the water temperature control precision is improved.
In a further scheme, the control valve is a three-way regulating valve, the water inlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate type heat exchanger is communicated with the first water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve, the water outlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the second water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve, and the water inlet end of the three-way regulating valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile.
Therefore, the structure can be simplified and the control is convenient by using the three-way regulating valve as the control valve.
In a further scheme, a first flow path of the control valve is a first flow valve, a second flow path of the control valve is a second flow valve, a water inlet end of the first flow valve is communicated with a water outlet end of the galvanic pile, a water inlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with a water outlet end of the first flow valve, a water inlet end of the second flow valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile, and a water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with a water outlet end of the second flow valve.
Therefore, the first flow valve and the second flow valve are arranged to respectively control the air cooling radiator branch and the plate heat exchanger branch, the flow of the two branches can be better controlled, and the control accuracy is improved.
In a further scheme, at least one heat exchange device is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger in series.
Therefore, at least one heat exchange device is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline in series, cooling water in the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger can be cooled through the heat exchange device, and meanwhile heat can be recycled.
In a further scheme, the heat exchange device comprises a shell and tube heat exchanger and/or an adsorption type refrigerating unit.
Therefore, multiple heat exchange devices can be connected in series between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger, and heat can be recycled in multiple modes.
In a further scheme, a second electronic water pump is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger in series.
Therefore, the second electronic water pump can be used for controlling the water flow between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline and cooling the plate heat exchanger.
In a further scheme, a second flowmeter is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger in series.
Therefore, the second flowmeter is arranged, so that the water flow between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline can be conveniently monitored.
In order to achieve the second object, the present invention provides a fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack and a stack cooling water system for cooling the fuel cell stack, wherein the stack cooling water system employs the stack cooling water system.
According to the scheme, the temperature of the cooling water is controlled by the arrangement of the plate heat exchanger and the air-cooled radiator, so that the water flow of the two cooling branches can be conveniently and reasonably adjusted according to the heat generated by the galvanic pile, and the temperature of the cooling water is more accurately controlled. Moreover, the heat dissipation capacity of the air-cooled radiator is far smaller than that of the plate heat exchanger, the air-cooled radiator can achieve more fine water temperature adjustment, and the water temperature control precision is improved.
In a further scheme, the fuel cell system further comprises a power supply system, the fuel cell stack provides power for the power supply system, and the power supply system provides power for the stack cooling water system.
Therefore, the power supply system is arranged to provide power for the pile cooling water system, and the electricity co-generation of the power grid can be realized.
In a further scheme, the power supply system comprises a grid-connected inverter and a high-voltage storage battery, wherein the high-voltage direct current side of the grid-connected inverter is electrically connected with the direct current output end of the fuel cell stack through a bus, and the high-voltage storage battery is connected to the bus in parallel.
Therefore, the grid-connected inverter is arranged, so that the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack can be conveniently connected with and disconnected from the grid, and the high-voltage storage battery is arranged, so that the electric energy can be conveniently stored and utilized.
In a further scheme, the power supply system further comprises a pre-charging and discharging loop, the pre-charging and discharging loop is provided with a first control switch, a second control switch, a third control switch, a fourth control switch, a first resistor and a second resistor, a first end of the first control switch is electrically connected with the anode of the high-voltage direct current side, a second end of the first control switch is electrically connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack, a first end of the second control switch is electrically connected with the cathode of the high-voltage direct current side, a second end of the second control switch is electrically connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack, a first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the first control switch, a second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the third control switch, a second end of the third control switch is electrically connected with a second end of the first control switch, a first end of the second resistor is electrically connected with a second end of the first control switch, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fourth control switch, and the second end of the fourth control switch is electrically connected with the second end of the second control switch.
Therefore, the pre-charging discharge circuit can reduce the electric shock of the direct-current high-voltage bus and the quick release effect of the bus voltage in the charging process.
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention provides a method for operating a stack cooling water system, including: obtaining the heat productivity of the galvanic pile according to the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature and the water flow obtained by the first flowmeter; and confirming the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the control valve according to the calorific value of the galvanic pile.
Therefore, the working method of the galvanic pile cooling water system can adjust and control the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the three-way adjusting valve through the calorific value of the galvanic pile, and can improve the accuracy of cooling water temperature control.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply system in an embodiment of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack 1, a power supply system 2, a power supply cooling system 3, and a stack cooling water system 4, the fuel cell stack 1 supplies power to the power supply system, the power supply system 2 supplies power to the stack cooling water system 4, the power supply cooling system 3 is configured to dissipate heat from circuit elements in the power supply system 2, and the stack cooling water system 4 is configured to cool the fuel cell stack 1.
The power supply cooling system 3 adopts a water-cooling heat dissipation structure. In this embodiment, the power supply cooling system 3 includes a power supply air-cooled radiator 31, a power supply heat dissipation water pump 32 and a first temperature sensor 33, a water inlet end of the power supply air-cooled radiator 31 is communicated with a water outlet end of a heat dissipation structure in the power supply system 2, a water outlet end of the air-cooled radiator 31 is communicated with a water inlet end of the power supply heat dissipation water pump 32, a water outlet end of the power supply heat dissipation water pump 32 is communicated with a water inlet end of the heat dissipation structure in the power supply system 2, and the first temperature sensor 33 is configured to detect a temperature of water in the power supply cooling system 3. The heat dissipation structure in the power supply system 2 can be used for heat exchange of heat generating devices in the power supply system 2, which is a technique known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. The power supply cooling system 3 controls the rotation speed of the power supply and radiation water pump 32 and the rotation speed of the fan of the power supply air-cooled radiator 31 by acquiring the temperature of the first temperature sensor 33, thereby achieving the purpose of radiating the power supply system 2.
In this embodiment, the stack cooling water system 4 includes a stack inlet end, a stack outlet end, a stack inlet temperature sensor 5, a first electronic water pump 6, a first flow meter 7, an air-cooled radiator 8, a plate heat exchanger 9, a three-way regulating valve 10, and a stack outlet temperature sensor 11. The water outlet end of the first electronic water pump 6 is communicated with the water inlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the first electronic water pump 6 is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flowmeter 7, the water inlet end of the first flowmeter 7 is communicated with the water outlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate-type heat exchanger 9, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate-type heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the first water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve 10, the water outlet end of the air-cooled radiator 8 is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter 7, the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator 8 is communicated with the second water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve 10, the water inlet end of the three-way regulating valve 10 is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile, the galvanic pile water inlet temperature sensor 5 is used for detecting the water inlet temperature of the galvanic pile water inlet end, and the galvanic pile water outlet temperature sensor 11 is used for detecting the water outlet temperature of the galvanic pile water outlet end.
It should be noted that the three-way regulating valve 10 may be replaced by another control valve, so that the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the first flow path of the control valve, and the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator 8 is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through the second flow path of the control valve.
In an optional embodiment, the first flow path of the control valve is a first flow valve, the second flow path of the control valve is a second flow valve, a water inlet end of the first flow valve is communicated with a water outlet end of the galvanic pile, a water inlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9 is communicated with a water outlet end of the first flow valve, a water inlet end of the second flow valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile, and a water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator 8 is communicated with a water outlet end of the second flow valve.
In order to dissipate the heat of the cooling water in the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9, at least one heat exchange device is connected in series between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9. The heat exchange device comprises a shell and tube heat exchanger and/or an adsorption type refrigerating unit.
In this embodiment, a second electronic water pump 12, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 13, a second flowmeter 15, and an adsorption refrigeration unit 16 are connected in series between the water inlet end of the cold water pipe and the water outlet end of the cold water pipe of the plate heat exchanger 9. The hot water side water inlet end of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 13 is communicated with the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9, the hot water side water outlet end of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 13 is communicated with the hot water side water inlet end of the adsorption refrigeration unit 16, the hot water side water outlet end of the adsorption refrigeration unit 16 is communicated with the water inlet end of the second flow meter 15, the water outlet end of the second flow meter 15 is communicated with the water inlet end of the second electronic water pump 12, and the water outlet end of the second electronic water pump 12 is communicated with the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger 9. A second temperature sensor 17 is arranged at the hot water side water inlet end of the adsorption type refrigerating unit 16, a third temperature sensor 18 is arranged at the hot water side water outlet end of the adsorption type refrigerating unit 16, the water temperature is monitored through the second temperature sensor 17 and the third temperature sensor 18, the water flow is monitored through the second flow meter 15, and the rotation speed of the second electronic water pump 12 is controlled. The cold water side of the shell and tube heat exchanger 13 is used for communicating with the domestic water end 14 to heat domestic water. The cold water side of the adsorption refrigeration unit 16 is connected to an air conditioner 22 for air conditioning heat exchange.
In this embodiment, the cold water side outlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16 is communicated with the water inlet end of the third flow meter 24, the water outlet end of the third flow meter 24 is communicated with the water inlet end of the third electronic water pump 23, the water outlet end of the third electronic water pump 23 is communicated with the water inlet end of the air conditioner 22, the water outlet end of the air conditioner 22 is communicated with the cold water side inlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16, meanwhile, the cold water side outlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 25, the cold water side inlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16 is provided with a fifth temperature sensor 26, and the rotation speed of the third electronic water pump 23 is controlled by detecting the temperatures of the cold water side outlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16 and the cold water side inlet end of the adsorption refrigerator group 16 and the water flow rate of the third flow meter 24. The cooling water side of the adsorption type refrigerating unit is provided with a two-way regulating valve 19, a cooling tower 20 and a sixth temperature sensor 21, the two-way regulating valve 19 and the cooling tower 20 are connected between the cooling water side water inlet end and the cooling water side water outlet end of the adsorption type refrigerating unit in series, the sixth temperature sensor 21 is used for detecting the water inlet temperature of the cooling water side of the adsorption type refrigerating unit 16, the water inlet temperature of the cooling water side is regulated through regulating and controlling the cooling tower 20, and the two-way regulating valve 19 can be used for closing circulating water during maintenance of the cooling tower 20. The adsorption refrigerator group 16 is a known adsorption refrigerator group.
In this embodiment, when the stack cooling water system 4 operates, first, the heating value of the stack is obtained according to the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature, and the water flow rate obtained by the first flowmeter. The stack heating value can be obtained by the following formula: q ═ cm Δ t, where c is the specific heat capacity of the water, m is the mass of the water, i.e. the total amount of water flow over a period of time, and Δ t is the temperature difference between the inlet water temperature and the outlet water temperature. If the calorific value of the galvanic pile needs to be converted, the mass (m) of water flowing through the system in unit time can be calculated by using the flowmeter 7Water (W)＝ρWater (W)×VWater (W)) And obtaining a temperature difference delta t through the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature, and further converting the heating value of the galvanic pile according to Q ═ cm delta t. And after the calorific value of the galvanic pile is obtained, confirming the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the three-way regulating valve according to the calorific value of the galvanic pile. When the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the three-way regulating valve are confirmed according to the calorific value of the galvanic pile, the calorific value of the galvanic pile is processed by adopting a PID (proportion integration differentiation) algorithm or a fuzzy algorithm, so that the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the three-way regulating valve are obtainedThe degree, PID algorithm and fuzzy algorithm are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. At the initial stage of starting the fuel cell stack 1, the heat generated inside the fuel cell stack 1 is low (the temperature of the water entering the stack is lower than 60 ℃), at this time, the air-cooled radiator 8 is mainly used, and almost all circulating water flows through the air-cooled radiator 8 by adjusting the three-way adjusting valve 10, so that the circulating cooling water in the fuel cell stack 1 can be quickly heated, and the response speed of the output of the fuel cell is improved. When the fuel cell is started and enters a stable stage (the temperature of water entering the stack is about 65 ℃), the heat generated inside the fuel cell is large, and at the moment, the plate heat exchanger 9 is taken as the main part and the second air-cooled radiator 8 is taken as the auxiliary part. In addition, PID operation can be carried out through the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the reactor, so that the rotating speed of the second electronic water pump 6 and the rotating speed of the fan of the second air-cooled radiator 8 are regulated, and the heat dissipation capacity is regulated.
Referring to fig. 2, the power supply system 2 includes a grid-connected inverter 28 and a high-voltage battery 29, the high-voltage ac side of the grid-connected inverter 28 is connected to the grid 27, the high-voltage dc side of the grid-connected inverter 28 is electrically connected to the dc output terminal of the fuel cell stack 1 via a bus, and the high-voltage battery 29 is connected in parallel to the bus. The power supply system 2 is connected to the grid of the fuel cell by the grid-connected inverter 28 to supply power to the grid, and at the same time, electric energy storage is possible by the high-voltage battery 29, and when necessary, power supply is performed by the high-voltage battery 29. The power supply system 2 supplies power to the stack cooling water system 4 through the power grid end 27 to control the stack cooling water system 4 to perform cooling operation.
In the present embodiment, the power supply system 2 further includes a pre-charging and discharging circuit 30, the pre-charging and discharging circuit 30 is provided with a first control switch K1, a second control switch K2, a third control switch K3, a fourth control switch K4, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, a first end of the first control switch K1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage dc side of the grid-connected inverter 28, a second end of the first control switch K1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the fuel cell stack 1, a first end of the second control switch K2 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage dc side of the grid-connected inverter 28, a second end of the second control switch K2 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the fuel cell stack 1, a first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to a first end of the first control switch K1, a second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to a first end of the third control switch K3, a second end of the third control switch K3 is electrically connected to a second end of the first control switch K1, a first end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to a second end of the first control switch K1, a second end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to a first end of the fourth control switch K4, and a second end of the fourth control switch K4 is electrically connected to a second end of the second control switch K2. When the pre-charging discharge circuit 30 is pre-charged, the fourth control switch K4 is always open, the first control switch K1 is open, the second control switch K2 and the third control switch K3 are closed successively, the first resistor R1 is connected to the direct-current high-voltage bus, the first control switch K1 is closed after 1 second to 2 seconds, and therefore the third control switch K3 and the first resistor R1 are bypassed, then the third control switch K3 is opened, and the pre-charging process is finished. The pre-charging process reduces the electric impact of the direct-current high-voltage bus in the charging process through the connection of the first resistor R1. When the pre-charging discharge circuit 30 discharges, the second resistor R2 is connected to two ends of the direct-current high-voltage bus by closing the fourth control switch K4, and the direct-current high-voltage bus can be accelerated to discharge through the second resistor R2, so that the effect of quickly releasing the bus voltage is achieved.
In addition, the power supply system 2 is provided with a voltage-reducing circuit 36 and a low-voltage battery 37, the voltage-reducing circuit 36 is connected to the bus bar, the low-voltage battery 37 is electrically connected to the voltage-reducing circuit 36, the voltage-reducing circuit 36 supplies power to the low-voltage battery 37, and the low-voltage battery 37 is used to supply voltage to the circuits of the fuel cell stack 1.
In this embodiment, when the fuel cell system enters a start state, the fuel cell system detects whether the low voltage is ready, if so, the combined cooling heating and power system enters a system self-test, otherwise, the system enters a system start failure, and the system start fails. The detection of the readiness of the low voltage is mainly detected by the fuel cell system whether the main supply and the wake-up power are powered and whether the low voltage is within a suitable supply range (9 Vdc-16 Vdc). And after the low voltage is ready, further detecting whether the system self-check is qualified, if so, further detecting whether the high voltage is ready, otherwise, entering a system start fault, and failing to start the system. Whether the self-checking of the detection system is qualified or not is mainly judged by judging whether the detection value of each sensor is in the measurement range or whether the peripheral devices, the sensors and the like of the system work normally or not through communication heartbeat and control device feedback signals. And detecting whether the high voltage is ready after self-checking is qualified, if so, starting the combined cooling heating and power system, and operating the system, otherwise, entering a system starting fault, and failing to start the system. Whether the high voltage is ready or not is detected mainly by a fuel cell system through a voltage sensor, whether the voltage of a direct-current high-voltage bus is 550Vdc or not is detected, and whether the high voltage is ready or not is judged and the high voltage is successfully connected. The system is incessantly monitored for faults in the operation process, and the fault detection comprises: level 1 fault, level 2 fault, level 3 fault, level 4 fault. The classification of faults may be divided according to the degree of impact on the fuel cell system, for example, a class 1 fault: the fuel cell outputs overcurrent and overvoltage; and 2, failure of level 2: water pump blocking, air cooling radiator blocking, and system water shortage; and 3, failure of grade 3: over-temperature of the fuel cell and over-temperature of cold water; 4, failure of grade: the flow meter monitors for anomalies. The level 1 fault is a serious fault level, and the system is executed to suddenly stop after the fault occurs; the 2-level fault is a secondary serious fault level, and the shutdown of the system is executed after the fault occurs; the 3-level fault is a slight fault level, and the system executes limited power operation after the fault occurs; the 4-level fault is a suggestive fault level, and fault warning is executed after the fault occurs, and no limit action is taken.
Therefore, the temperature of the cooling water is controlled by the galvanic pile cooling water system 4 provided by the invention through arranging the plate heat exchanger and the air cooling radiator, so that the water flow of the two cooling branches can be conveniently and reasonably adjusted according to the heat generated by the galvanic pile, and the temperature control of the cooling water is more accurate. Moreover, the heat dissipation capacity of the air-cooled radiator is far smaller than that of the plate heat exchanger, the air-cooled radiator can achieve more fine water temperature adjustment, and the water temperature control precision is improved.
It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A cooling water system of a galvanic pile comprises a galvanic pile water inlet end, a galvanic pile water outlet end, a first electronic water pump, a first flowmeter, a plate heat exchanger and a control valve;
the method is characterized in that:
the galvanic pile cooling water system further comprises an air cooling radiator, the water outlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water inlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the first flowmeter is communicated with the water outlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through a first flow path of the control valve, the water outlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, and the water inlet end of the air cooling radiator is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through a second flow path of the control valve.
2. The stack cooling water system according to claim 1, wherein:
the control valve is a three-way regulating valve, the water inlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the first water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve, the water outlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the second water outlet end of the three-way regulating valve, and the water inlet end of the three-way regulating valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile.
3. The stack cooling water system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first flow path of the control valve is a first flow valve, the second flow path of the control valve is a second flow valve, the water inlet end of the first flow valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flow valve, the water inlet end of the second flow valve is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile, and the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the water outlet end of the second flow valve.
4. The stack cooling water system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
at least one heat exchange device is connected in series between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger.
5. The stack cooling water system according to claim 4, wherein:
the heat exchange device comprises a shell and tube heat exchanger and/or an adsorption type refrigerating unit.
6. The stack cooling water system according to claim 4, wherein:
and a second electronic water pump is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger in series.
7. The stack cooling water system according to claim 6, wherein:
and a second flowmeter is connected between the water inlet end of the cold water pipeline and the water outlet end of the cold water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger in series.
8. A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack and a stack cooling water system for cooling the fuel cell stack, characterized in that the stack cooling water system employs the stack cooling water system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the fuel cell system also comprises a power supply system, the fuel cell stack provides power for the power supply system, and the power supply system provides power for the stack cooling water system.
10. The fuel cell system according to claim 9, characterized in that:
the power supply system comprises a grid-connected inverter and a high-voltage storage battery, wherein the high-voltage direct current side of the grid-connected inverter is electrically connected with the direct current output end of the fuel cell stack through a bus, and the high-voltage storage battery is connected to the bus in parallel.
11. The fuel cell system according to claim 10, characterized in that:
the power supply system further comprises a pre-charging and discharging loop, the pre-charging and discharging loop is provided with a first control switch, a second control switch, a third control switch, a fourth control switch, a first resistor and a second resistor, the first end of the first control switch is electrically connected with the anode of the high-voltage direct-current side, the second end of the first control switch is electrically connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack, the first end of the second control switch is electrically connected with the cathode of the high-voltage direct-current side, the second end of the second control switch is electrically connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the first control switch, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the third control switch, and the second end of the third control switch is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first end of a fourth control switch, and the second end of the fourth control switch is electrically connected with the second end of the second control switch.
12. A working method of a galvanic pile cooling water system comprises a galvanic pile water inlet end, a galvanic pile water outlet end, a galvanic pile water inlet temperature sensor, a galvanic pile water outlet temperature sensor, a first electronic water pump, a first flowmeter, a plate heat exchanger and a control valve; the method is characterized in that:
the galvanic pile cooling water system further comprises an air-cooled radiator, the water outlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water inlet end of the galvanic pile, the water inlet end of the first electronic water pump is communicated with the water outlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the first flowmeter is communicated with the water outlet end of a hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the hot water pipeline of the plate heat exchanger is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through a first flow path of the control valve, the water outlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the water inlet end of the first flowmeter, the water inlet end of the air-cooled radiator is communicated with the water outlet end of the galvanic pile through a second flow path of the control valve, the galvanic pile water inlet temperature sensor is used for detecting the water inlet temperature of the galvanic pile water inlet end, and the galvanic pile water outlet temperature sensor is used for detecting the water outlet temperature of the galvanic pile water outlet end;
the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the heating value of the galvanic pile according to the water inlet temperature, the water outlet temperature and the water flow obtained by the first flowmeter;
and confirming the side opening of the air-cooled radiator and the side opening of the plate heat exchanger of the control valve according to the calorific value of the galvanic pile.
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| US5537956A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-07-23 | Daimler-Benz Ag | Coolant circuit |
| CN106784926A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉地质资源环境工业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency fuel cell cooling heating and power generation system |
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| CN211125838U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-07-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell heat dissipation control system and fuel cell automobile |
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2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202111342184.6A patent/CN114094138B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5537956A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1996-07-23 | Daimler-Benz Ag | Coolant circuit |
| CN106784926A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉地质资源环境工业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency fuel cell cooling heating and power generation system |
| CN108448132A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-24 | 同济大学 | Temperature distributing analog device and method under fuel cell pile difference operating mode |
| CN110395143A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-11-01 | 天津银隆新能源有限公司 | On-vehicle fuel heat management system and control method with cold start function |
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