CN114091165B - Method for fusing grid data of BIM application engineering coordinate system in GIS scene - Google Patents
Method for fusing grid data of BIM application engineering coordinate system in GIS scene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fusing grid data of a BIM application engineering coordinate system in a GIS scene, which belongs to the technical field of grid vector data coordinate conversion in BIM application, obviously improves the efficiency of large scene modeling in BIM application, and only needs to generate a projected custom coordinate system by using the method, and the custom coordinate system can be identified by most GIS software, so that when the data is fused in the GIS scene, the custom coordinate system can be used for carrying out coordinate conversion only by ensuring that a data source coordinate system is the same engineering independent coordinate system, and all data can be fused and loaded in the GIS scene without error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grid vector data coordinate conversion in BIM application, and particularly relates to a method for fusing grid data of a BIM application engineering coordinate system in a GIS scene.
Background
In the BIM application, the three-dimensional scene used for project presentation is usually a three-dimensional GIS scene based on WGS84 ellipsoid, the basic terrain and image base map of the three-dimensional GIS scene are both based on WGS84 geographic coordinate system, and the grid and vector data used for BIM modeling is usually an engineering independent coordinate system based on CGCS2000 ellipsoid, and there may be an accurate transformation relationship between the two coordinate systems or no transformation relationship, which is related to the characteristic of highway engineering project as strip engineering.
The engineering independent coordinate system is a plane rectangular coordinate system adopting a Gaussian projection mode, and is a cross-axis elliptic cylinder orthomorphic projection (equiangular projection), and the deformation of the engineering independent coordinate system is larger as the engineering independent coordinate system is farther from a central meridian. In practical engineering, in order to limit projection deformation, the gaussian projection needs to be banded so as to meet the requirement that the length deformation value in a measurement area is not greater than a specification limit value. In the highway engineering, in order to control projection deformation, a plurality of engineering independent coordinate systems may be established in an engineering project, and according to the conversion relation among different independent coordinate systems, the coordinates of each engineering independent coordinate system are subjected to coordinate conversion and then connected on the basis of one engineering independent coordinate system to form an integral unified engineering independent coordinate system. Although each engineering independent coordinate system can be accurately converted with the national standard coordinate system, the whole engineering independent coordinate system formed after coordinate conversion does not have a fixed conversion relation, and the engineering independent coordinate system and the national standard coordinate system can be accurately converted.
Thus, when the project has only one project independent coordinate system, an accurate translation relationship can be calculated for the project independent coordinate and the WGS84 geographical coordinate system to translate to each other. When a project is formed by combining a plurality of project independent coordinates, a conversion relation for converting the project independent coordinates and the WGS84 geographical coordinate system with each other cannot be determined. In practical BIM application, the conversion precision required from engineering independent coordinates to a WGS84 geographic coordinate system is not high, because the terrain precision of images carried by a three-dimensional GIS scene is not high, and the requirement can be met only by approximately correctly placing the project position in a three-dimensional earth. Therefore, how to quickly convert and load the engineering independent coordinate grid vector data in the three-dimensional scene is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for fusing the grid data of the BIM application engineering coordinate system in the GIS scene solves the problem that the fusion loading of the data of the engineering independent coordinate system in the three-dimensional GIS scene is too slow.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for fusing BIM application project coordinate system raster data in a GIS scene comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting available mapping data of a project to obtain feature points, and further establishing a feature point set;
s2, establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the longitude and latitude coordinates and the engineering independent coordinates of the feature point set;
and S3, completing the fusion loading of the project engineering independent coordinate system grids and vector data in the GIS scene according to the project custom coordinate system.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the item is specifically an item with a control point or an item without a control point;
when the project is a project with control points, respectively selecting one point from the mapping data of the project starting point, the project midpoint and the project ending point as a characteristic point P1, a characteristic point P2 and a characteristic point P3;
when the project is a project without control points, one point is selected from the mapping data of the project starting point and the project ending point respectively to be used as the characteristic point P4 and the characteristic point P5 respectively.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the method can calculate the self-defined coordinate system in a scheme mode aiming at the condition that the project has the measurement control point and the condition that the project does not have the measurement control point.
Further: in step S2, when the item is an item with a control point, the method for establishing the custom coordinate system of the item specifically includes:
SA1, calculating a first space rectangular coordinate of the feature points according to longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA2, obtaining intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points according to the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA3, obtaining a second space rectangular coordinate of the feature point according to the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature point;
SA4, obtaining seven parameters of the feature points according to the first space rectangular coordinate and the second space rectangular coordinate of the feature points;
and SA5, establishing a custom coordinate system of the project according to the seven parameters of the characteristic points.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: for the condition with control points, three points near the start point, the middle point and the end point of the project are uniformly selected to calculate seven parameters, and points with higher precision are selected to calculate the seven parameters through common point precision evaluation, so that the conversion relation from the engineering independent coordinate system to the WGS84 geographic coordinate system is obtained. The conversion accuracy can reach millimeter level for projects with only one engineering independent coordinate, and can reach decimeter or meter level for projects formed by combining a plurality of engineering independent coordinates.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: in the step SA1, the longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: longitude and latitude coordinates (B1, L1, H1) of the characteristic point P1, longitude and latitude coordinates (B2, L2, H2) of the characteristic point P2 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B3, L3, H3) of the characteristic point P3;
the expression for calculating the first spatial rectangular coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the feature point is specifically as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Nis a radius of Mao you, and
，ais a long half shaft of an ellipsoid of the earth,bis a short half shaft of an ellipsoid of the earth,
is an intermediate calculated value, and
(B, L, H) are input longitude and latitude coordinates;
in the step SA2, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: engineering independent coordinates (x 1, y1, h 1) of the feature point P1, engineering independent coordinates (x 2, y2, h 2) of the feature point P2, and engineering independent coordinates (x 3, y3, h 3) of the feature point P3;
the step SA2 is specifically: converting the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points into intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points through a Gaussian inverse calculation formula;
wherein, the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points are calculated by a Gaussian back-calculation formula (B',L',h') The expression (c) is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,B f the latitude of the bottom point is taken as the latitude of the bottom point,M f 、N f 、
and
the first function of the bottom point latitude, the second function of the bottom point latitude, the third function of the bottom point latitude and the fourth function of the bottom point latitude are respectively;yis the vertical axis coordinate value of the Gaussian projection plane.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: and calculating the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points to obtain a second space rectangular coordinate of the feature points.
Further: the step SA3 is specifically: converting the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points into second space rectangular coordinates of the feature points by utilizing a geodetic coordinate system to convert the space rectangular coordinate system;
in step SA4, the first spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X1, Y1, Z1) of feature point P1, a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X2, Y2, Z2) of feature point P2, and a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X3, Y3, Z3) of feature point P3;
the second spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X1 ', Y1', Z1 ') of characteristic point P1, a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X2 ', Y2', Z2 ') of characteristic point P2 and a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X3 ', Y3', Z3 ') of characteristic point P3;
the seven parameters include:Xtranslation of axis coordinate
、YTranslation of axis coordinate
、ZTranslation of axis coordinates
、XRotation of the shaft
、YRotation of the shaft
、ZRotation of the shaft
And scalingm；
Calculating seven parametersXTranslation of axis coordinates
、YTranslation of axis coordinate
、ZTranslation of axis coordinate
、XRotation of the shaft
、YRotation of the shaft
、ZRotation of the shaft
And scale ofmThe expression of (c) is specifically:
wherein, (X, Y, Z) is an input first spatial rectangular coordinate, and (X ', Y ', Z ') is an input second spatial rectangular coordinate;
the step SA5 is specifically: and calculating the conversion relation between the temporary ellipsoid where the engineering independent coordinate system is located and a standard WGS84 ellipsoid according to the seven parameters of the three groups of characteristic points, further obtaining a reference surface conversion relation, and establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the reference surface conversion relation.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the seven parameters of the calculated characteristic points can obtain the conversion relation from the engineering independent coordinate system to the WGS84 geographical coordinate system.
Further: in the step SA2, the latitude of the bottom pointB f The calculation method specifically comprises the following steps: by calculating the latitude of the bottom point
The expansion of (2) obtains the latitude of the bottom pointB f ；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,iis the ordinal number of the latitude of the bottom point,a 2 is the length of the second sub-arc,a 4 is the length of the fourth sub-arc,a 6 is the length of the sixth sub-arc,a 8 is the eighth sub-arc length;
to be provided with
Is an initial valueIs iteratively calculated by
Further obtain the latitude of the bottom pointB f (ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
，Xis the meridian arc length;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a 0 is the initial sub-arc length.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: using approximate analysis method to determine meridian curvature radiusMExpanding the power series of e according to the Newton's binomial theorem, expanding the power function of sine into multiple function of cosine, and integrating term by term to obtain meridian curvature radiusMExpansion and meridian arc length ofXThe expansion of (2).
Further: in step S2, when the item is an item without a control point, the method for establishing the user-defined coordinate system of the item specifically includes:
SB1, calculating an optimal central meridian according to longitude and latitude coordinates and engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SB2, obtaining an optimal scale factor by continuously changing the scale coefficient;
SB3, according to the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor, obtaining east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points;
and SB4, establishing a self-defined coordinate system according to the optimal central meridian, the scale factor, the east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and the north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points.
The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: for the case of no control point, one feature point needs to be selected at each of the start point and the end point. In the first case, the feature points are selected from the DWG topographic map, so that the same position and relatively clear places without image distortion can be found in the image of the three-dimensional GIS scene. In the second case, the feature points are selected from the aerial survey image, and it is also required to ensure that the same position and relatively clear place without image distortion can be found in the image of the three-dimensional GIS scene. And then, by taking the characteristic points as known conditions, continuously approaching a real result by iteratively adjusting the self-defined projection parameters, and finally obtaining the conversion relation from the engineering independent coordinate system to the approximate WGS84 geographical coordinate system. The conversion precision can reach decimeter or centimeter level for the project with only one engineering independent coordinate, and the conversion precision is decimeter or meter level for the project formed by combining a plurality of engineering independent coordinates.
Further: in step SB1, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: the engineering independent coordinates (x 4, y 4) of the feature point P4 and the engineering independent coordinates (x 5, y 5) of the feature point P5;
the step SB1 is specifically:
converting longitude and latitude coordinates (B4, L4) of the characteristic point P4 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B5, L5) of the characteristic point P5 in the characteristic point set into plane coordinates (x 4', y 4') of the characteristic point P4 and plane coordinates (x 5', y 5') of the characteristic point P5 through a Gaussian positive calculation formula; obtaining an optimal central meridian according to the azimuth angle of the engineering independent coordinate system between the characteristic point P4 and the characteristic point P5 and the azimuth angle of the user-defined projection coordinate;
wherein, the expression of the gaussian forward formula is specifically:
wherein (x, y) is a plane coordinate obtained by a Gaussian positive formula,Bthe altitude of the earth is the latitude of the earth,Xthe length of the meridian arc is the length of the meridian arc,tis a first function of the earth dimension and,
a second function of the geodetic latitude;
by calculating the azimuth angle P4P5 of the engineering independent coordinate system and the azimuth angle of the self-defined projection coordinate
When it is satisfied
Then, obtaining an optimal central meridian;
wherein, the azimuth angle P4P5 of the engineering independent coordinate system and the azimuth angle of the self-defined projection coordinate
The expression (c) is specifically:
the beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: and the optimal central meridian is calculated, so that the difference value between the link azimuth of the feature points after project projection and the real link azimuth can be minimized.
Further: the step SB3 is specifically:
based on the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor, obtaining projection coordinates (x 4f, y4 f) of the characteristic point P4 and (x 5f, y5 f) of the characteristic point P5; according to the difference value between the projection coordinate and the real coordinate, east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinate of the characteristic point and north offset northOffset of the projection coordinate of the characteristic point are obtained;
the expressions of east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinates of the feature points and north offset northofset of the projection coordinates of the feature points are specifically as follows:
the beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: the east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and the north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points represent errors of the projection coordinates and can be used for adjusting a user-defined coordinate system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The most intuitive benefit brought by the invention is that the efficiency of large scene modeling in BIM application is obviously improved, only a projected custom coordinate system is generated by using the method, and the custom coordinate system can be identified by most GIS software, so that when the GIS scene is subjected to data fusion, the custom coordinate system can be used for coordinate conversion only by ensuring that a data source coordinate system is the same engineering independent coordinate system, and all data can be subjected to fusion loading in the GIS scene without error.
(2) All the mapping data of the invention are converted by adopting the same coordinate system, the project independent coordinate system can generate the self-defined longitude and latitude after being converted, and the longitude and latitude are similar to the longitude and latitude of WGS84, so the data can be displayed in a GIS scene at a relatively correct position. Meanwhile, when the real length needs to be calculated at the spherical point, the collected customized longitude and latitude are subjected to Gaussian correction by using the customized projection file only by ensuring that the point is in the effective aerial survey data range, and error-free conversion from the customized longitude and latitude to engineering independent coordinates can be realized.
(3) The invention also solves the problem that engineering designers depend on surveying and mapping knowledge, does not need to care about the coordinate system adopted by the project for any project, and can finish self-defining the coordinate system only by collecting a plurality of characteristic points. At any time of project, as long as the source coordinate system of the data is unchanged, the coordinate system can be used for converting and loading the data to the three-dimensional scene, and most GIS tools can be used universally. No longer need to ask surveying and mapping personnel to convert data under an independent coordinate system into national standard coordinates and then convert the national standard coordinates into WGS84 longitude and latitude. Moreover, previous methods have presented the data on the GIS scene somewhat in error, since not all of the data can be converted by standard methods. The invention can perfectly solve the problem of rapid and accurate loading of data in a GIS scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for fusing grid data of a BIM application engineering coordinate system in a GIS scene includes the following steps:
s1, collecting available mapping data of a project to obtain feature points, and further establishing a feature point set;
s2, establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the longitude and latitude coordinates and the engineering independent coordinates of the feature point set;
and S3, completing the fusion loading of the project engineering independent coordinate system grids and vector data in the GIS scene according to the project custom coordinate system.
The mapping data available for different projects may vary, and is generally divided into four cases:
the first condition is as follows:
there is no measurement control point data, only a topographic map based on the DWG format of the engineering independent coordinate system. In this case, the image of the basic model is provided by a three-dimensional GIS scene, so that the same-name feature points of the DWG topographic map and the three-dimensional GIS scene image need to be extracted for registration calculation, and a customized coordinate system for converting the engineering independent coordinate system into the approximate WGS84 geographic coordinate system is generated;
case two:
there is no measurement control point data, there are project aerial survey images and other data based on the project independent coordinate system. The image of the base model in this case is provided by the aerial image. Therefore, the same-name characteristic points of the aerial survey image and the three-dimensional GIS scene image need to be extracted for registration calculation, and a customized coordinate system for converting the engineering independent coordinate system to the approximate WGS84 geographic coordinate system is generated;
and a third situation:
the data of the measurement control points are project independent coordinate system items, and only one project independent coordinate system is divided. In this case seven parameters may be calculated depending on the control points and then generated for the engineering independent coordinate system to the precision WGS84 geographical coordinate system transformation custom coordinate system.
Case four:
the data of the measurement control points is project of an engineering independent coordinate system, but is formed by combining a plurality of engineering independent coordinate systems in different bands. In this case seven parameters may be calculated depending on the control points and then generated for the engineering independent coordinate system to approximate WGS84 geographical coordinate system transformation custom coordinate system.
In the above four cases, only case three can achieve millimeter-level accurate conversion, and the other scenes are at different conversion accuracies from centimeter to meter.
The present invention classifies the above four cases into two cases, one case is a case with a measurement control point, and the other case is a case without a measurement control point.
For the situation with control points, the seven parameters are calculated by uniformly selecting three points near the starting point, the middle point and the end point of the project, and the points with higher precision are selected to calculate the seven parameters through common point precision evaluation, so that the conversion relation from the engineering independent coordinate system to the WGS84 geographic coordinate system is obtained. The conversion accuracy can reach millimeter level for projects with only one engineering independent coordinate, and can reach decimeter or meter level for projects formed by combining a plurality of engineering independent coordinates.
For the case of no control point, one feature point needs to be selected at each of the start point and the end point. In the first case, the feature points are selected from the DWG topographic map, so that the same position and relatively clear places without image distortion can be found in the image of the three-dimensional GIS scene. In the second case, the feature points are selected from the aerial survey image, and it is also necessary to ensure that the same position and relatively clear image distortion-free place can be found in the image of the three-dimensional GIS scene. And then, by taking the characteristic points as known conditions, continuously approaching a real result by iteratively adjusting the self-defined projection parameters, and finally obtaining the conversion relation from the engineering independent coordinate system to the approximate WGS84 geographical coordinate system. The conversion precision can reach decimeter or centimeter level for the project with only one engineering independent coordinate, and the conversion precision is decimeter or meter level for the project formed by combining a plurality of engineering independent coordinates.
In the step S1, the item is specifically an item with a control point or an item without a control point;
when the project is a project with control points, respectively selecting one point from the mapping data of the project starting point, the project middle point and the project end point as a characteristic point P1, a characteristic point P2 and a characteristic point P3;
when the project is a project without control points, one point is selected from the mapping data of the project starting point and the project ending point respectively to be used as a characteristic point P4 and a characteristic point P5 respectively.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a method for establishing a custom coordinate system for an item with a control point; taking a certain high-speed project G1 as an example, the control measurement result of the project is obtained, the project is known as an engineering independent coordinate system, gaussian projection is adopted, a reference ellipsoid is a CGCS2000 ellipsoid, a central meridian is 103 degrees and 54 minutes, the projection height is 450 meters, and the project is formed by dividing the engineering independent coordinate system. The method of the self-defining coordinate system of the project is as follows:
in step S2, when the item is an item with a control point, the method for establishing the user-defined coordinate system of the item specifically includes:
SA1, calculating a first space rectangular coordinate of the feature points according to longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA2, acquiring intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points according to the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA3, obtaining a second space rectangular coordinate of the feature point according to the middle longitude and latitude coordinate of the feature point;
SA4, obtaining seven parameters of the feature points according to the first space rectangular coordinate and the second space rectangular coordinate of the feature points;
and SA5, establishing a custom coordinate system of the project according to the seven parameters of the characteristic points.
In the step SA1, the longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: longitude and latitude coordinates (B1, L1, H1) of the characteristic point P1, longitude and latitude coordinates (B2, L2, H2) of the characteristic point P2 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B3, L3, H3) of the characteristic point P3;
the expression for calculating the first spatial rectangular coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the feature point is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Nis a radius of Mao you, and
，ais a long half shaft of an ellipsoid of the earth,bis a short half shaft of an ellipsoid of the earth,
is an intermediate calculated value, and
(B, L, H) are latitude and longitude coordinates of the input；
In the step SA2, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: the engineering independent coordinates (x 1, y1, h 1) of the feature point P1, the engineering independent coordinates (x 2, y2, h 2) of the feature point P2, and the engineering independent coordinates (x 3, y3, h 3) of the feature point P3;
the step SA2 is specifically: converting the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points into intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points through a Gaussian inverse calculation formula;
wherein, the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points are calculated by a Gaussian back-calculation formula (B',L',h') The expression (c) is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,B f the latitude of the bottom point is taken as the latitude of the bottom point,M f 、N f 、
and
respectively a first function of the bottom point latitude, a second function of the bottom point latitude, a third function of the bottom point latitude and a fourth function of the bottom point latitude;yis the vertical axis coordinate value of the Gaussian projection plane.
The step SA3 is specifically: converting the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points into second space rectangular coordinates of the feature points by using a geodetic coordinate system conversion space rectangular coordinate system;
in step SA4, the first spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X1, Y1, Z1) of the feature point P1, a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X2, Y2, Z2) of the feature point P2, and a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X3, Y3, Z3) of the feature point P3;
the second spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X1 ', Y1', Z1 ') of characteristic point P1, a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X2 ', Y2', Z2 ') of characteristic point P2 and a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X3 ', Y3', Z3 ') of characteristic point P3;
the seven parameters include:Xtranslation of axis coordinates
、YTranslation of axis coordinates
、ZTranslation of axis coordinates
、XRotation of the shaft
、YRotation of the shaft
、ZRotation of the shaft
And scalingm；
Calculating seven parametersXTranslation of axis coordinate
、YTranslation of axis coordinate
、ZTranslation of axis coordinates
、XRotation of the shaft
、YRotation of the shaft
、ZRotation of the shaft
And scalingmThe expression (c) is specifically:
wherein, (X, Y, Z) is an input first spatial rectangular coordinate, and (X ', Y ', Z ') is an input second spatial rectangular coordinate;
the step SA5 is specifically: and calculating the conversion relation between the temporary ellipsoid where the engineering independent coordinate system is located and a standard WGS84 ellipsoid according to the seven parameters of the three groups of characteristic points, further obtaining a reference surface conversion relation, and establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the reference surface conversion relation.
In the step SA2, the latitude of the bottom point
The calculation method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining the latitude from the equator to the earth according to the meridian arc length basic formulaBRadial arc length ofXThe expression (c) is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Mis the radius of curvature of the meridian, and is,ais an ellipsoid long semi-axis,eis an ellipsoidal first eccentricity;
in the classical algorithm, an approximate analytic method is adopted to expand the meridian curvature radius M of an integrand into a meridian curvature radius M according to the Newton's binomial theoremeAnd expanding the power function of the sine into a multiple function of the cosine, and then integrating the multiple functions item by item.
Obtaining meridian curvature radius according to approximate analysis methodMBy the expansion of (2), thereby obtaining the meridian arc lengthXThe expansion of (2);
wherein the meridian radius of curvatureMExpansion and meridian arc length ofXThe expansion of (2) is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a 0 for the length of the initial sub-arc,a 2 is the length of the second sub-arc,a 4 is the length of the fourth sub-arc,a 6 is the length of the sixth sub-arc,a 8 is the eighth sub-arc length;m 0 is the radius of curvature of the initial meridian,m 2 is the radius of curvature of the second meridian,m 4 is the radius of curvature of the fourth meridian,m 6 is the radius of curvature of the sixth meridian,m 8 the radius of curvature of the eighth meridian is expressed as:
according to the meridian arc lengthXTo obtain the latitude of the bottom point
Is specifically of the expansion type
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,iis the ordinal number of the latitude of the bottom point;
to be provided with
As an initial value, iteratively calculated to
Further obtain the latitude of the bottom pointB f (ii) a Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
，Xthe meridian arc length.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a 0 is the initial sub-arc length.
First function of nadir latitudeM f Second function of the latitude of the bottom pointN f Third function of the latitude of the bottom point
And a fourth function of the latitude of the nadir
The expression (c) is specifically:
first function of nadir latitudeM f Second function of the latitude of the bottom pointN f Third function of the latitude of the bottom point
And a fourth function of the latitude of the nadir
Substituting a Gaussian projection back calculation formula to calculate longitude difference and latitude, and obtaining a middle longitude and latitude coordinate of the feature point by considering a central meridian;
the transformation relation between the temporary ellipsoid where the engineering independent coordinate system is located and the standard WGS84 ellipsoid can be calculated through the seven parameters calculated through the first space rectangular coordinate of the characteristic point and the second space rectangular coordinate of the characteristic point, and then the reference surface transformation relation can be obtained, and further the user-defined coordinate system is obtained.
Example 3:
the embodiment is a method for establishing a custom coordinate system for an item without a control point; taking a certain high-speed project G2 as an example, the project does not collect control measurement results, but has aerial images and the like, so that the central meridian and projection height information of the project coordinate system cannot be obtained, and only all the results are known to be engineering independent coordinate systems, and a reference ellipsoid is CGCS2000. For such a case, the custom coordinate system method for the project is as follows:
in step S2, when the item is an item without a control point, the method for establishing the user-defined coordinate system of the item specifically includes:
SB1, calculating an optimal central meridian according to longitude and latitude coordinates and engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SB2, obtaining an optimal scale factor by continuously changing the scale coefficient;
SB3, obtaining east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points according to the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor;
and SB4, establishing a self-defined coordinate system according to the optimal central meridian, the scale factor, the east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and the north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points.
In the embodiment, a feature point P4 and a feature point P5 are respectively selected at the starting point and the ending point of a project, and longitude and latitude coordinates (B4, L4), (B5, L5) and engineering independent coordinates (x 4, y 4), (x 5, y 5) of the feature point are respectively inquired in a satellite image and a aerial survey image;
calculating an optimal central meridian by using the feature points P4 and P5, so that the difference value between the link azimuth of the feature points after project projection and the true link azimuth is as small as possible;
in step SB1, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: the engineering independent coordinates (x 4, y 4) of the feature point P4 and the engineering independent coordinates (x 5, y 5) of the feature point P5;
the step SB1 specifically is:
converting longitude and latitude coordinates (B4, L4) of the characteristic point P4 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B5, L5) of the characteristic point P5 in the characteristic point set into plane coordinates (x 4', y 4') of the characteristic point P4 and plane coordinates (x 5', y 5') of the characteristic point P5 through a Gaussian positive calculation formula; obtaining an optimal central meridian according to the azimuth of the engineering independent coordinate system between the characteristic point P4 and the characteristic point P5 and the azimuth of the user-defined projection coordinate;
the expression of the gaussian forward formula is specifically as follows:
wherein (x, y) is a plane coordinate obtained by a Gaussian positive formula,Bthe latitude of the earth is the latitude of the earth,Xthe length of the meridian arc is the length of the meridian arc,tis a first function of the earth dimension and,
a second function of the geodetic latitude;
by calculating the azimuth angle P4P5 of the engineering independent coordinate system and the azimuth angle of the self-defined projection coordinate
When it is satisfied
Then, obtaining an optimal central meridian;
wherein, the azimuth angle P4P5 of the engineering independent coordinate system and the azimuth angle of the self-defined projection coordinate
The expression of (c) is specifically:
and generating a new coordinate conversion function by continuously changing the coefficient of the scale, then bringing the longitude and latitude coordinates of the characteristic point P4 and the longitude and latitude coordinates of the characteristic point P5 into the coordinate conversion function, and continuously calculating new projection coordinates to ensure that the difference between the projected characteristic point connecting line length and the formal characteristic point connecting line length gradually approaches to a minimum value and gradually approaches to obtain an optimal scale factor.
The step SB3 is specifically:
based on the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor, obtaining projection coordinates (x 4f, y4 f) of the characteristic point P4 and (x 5f, y5 f) of the characteristic point P5; according to the difference value between the projection coordinate and the real coordinate, east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinate of the characteristic point and north offset northOffset of the projection coordinate of the characteristic point are obtained;
the expressions of east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinates of the feature points and north offset northofset of the projection coordinates of the feature points are specifically as follows:
and substituting the optimal central meridian, the optimal scale factor, the east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and the north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points into a coordinate system to obtain a self-defined coordinate system. The coordinate system is used as a universal coordinate system file and can be supported by GIS software, and the three-dimensional GIS software for BIM application can also well support the coordinate system file. Therefore, in subsequent projects, a large amount of project independent coordinate system grids and vector data do not need to be subjected to coordinate conversion in advance, a user-defined coordinate system can be directly used during importing, and data loading can be rapidly completed through a coordinate conversion function of GIS software.
As shown in table 1, if the project consists of an engineering independent coordinate system, the first scheme is used: the method for establishing the user-defined coordinate system of the project with the control points has the advantages that the conversion precision of the user-defined coordinate system calculated by the first scheme is very high, and the second scheme is used: the method for establishing the self-defined coordinate system of the project without the control point, the method of the scheme II can also obtain good precision, if the GIS platform supports datum plane conversion, the self-defined coordinate system of the scheme I is recommended, otherwise, the scheme II with higher universality is recommended;
when the project is composed of a plurality of engineering independent coordinate systems, the calculation results of the two schemes are not ideal in appearance, but the calculation results are enough to meet the use requirements in actual production. The positioning method is to quickly load the independent raster vector data of the engineering to the three-dimensional GIS scene through a public conversion relation. The satellite map precision of the three-dimensional GIS scene is relatively low, so that the conversion precision provided by the scheme is enough to meet the requirement that project data are loaded to the three-dimensional GIS scene.
TABLE 1
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the most intuitive benefit brought by the invention is that the efficiency of large scene modeling in BIM application is obviously improved, only a projected custom coordinate system is generated by using the method, and the custom coordinate system can be identified by most GIS software, so that when the GIS scene is subjected to data fusion, the custom coordinate system can be used for coordinate conversion only by ensuring that a data source coordinate system is the same engineering independent coordinate system, and all data can be subjected to fusion loading in the GIS scene without error.
All the mapping data of the invention are converted by adopting the same coordinate system, the project independent coordinate system can generate self-defined longitude and latitude after conversion, and the longitude and latitude are similar to the longitude and latitude of WGS84, so the data can be displayed in a GIS scene at a relatively correct position. Meanwhile, when the real length needs to be calculated at the spherical point, the collected customized longitude and latitude are subjected to Gaussian correction by using the customized projection file only by ensuring that the point is in the effective aerial survey data range, and error-free conversion from the customized longitude and latitude to engineering independent coordinates can be realized.
The invention also solves the problem that engineering designers depend on surveying and mapping knowledge, does not need to care about the coordinate system adopted by the project for any project, and can finish self-defining the coordinate system only by collecting a plurality of characteristic points. At any time of project, as long as the source coordinate system of the data is unchanged, the coordinate system can be used for converting and loading the data to the three-dimensional scene, and most GIS tools can be used universally. It is no longer necessary for the surveying personnel to convert the data in the independent coordinate system into national standard coordinates and then into WGS84 longitude and latitude from the standard coordinates. Moreover, previous methods have presented the data on the GIS scene somewhat in error, since not all of the data can be converted by standard methods. The invention can perfectly solve the problem of rapid and accurate loading of data in a GIS scene.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "radial," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the figures, which are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures, and are used for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or an implicit indication of the number of technical features. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.
Claims (7)
1. A method for fusing BIM application engineering coordinate system raster data in a GIS scene is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting available mapping data of a project to obtain feature points, and further establishing a feature point set;
s2, establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the longitude and latitude coordinates and the engineering independent coordinates of the feature point set;
s3, completing fusion loading of the grids and vector data of the project engineering independent coordinate system in a GIS scene according to the project custom coordinate system;
in the step S1, the item is specifically an item with a control point or an item without a control point;
when the project is a project with control points, respectively selecting one point from the mapping data of the project starting point, the project middle point and the project end point as a characteristic point P1, a characteristic point P2 and a characteristic point P3;
when the project is a project without control points, respectively selecting one point from the mapping data of the project starting point and the project ending point as a characteristic point P4 and a characteristic point P5;
in step S2, when the item is an item with a control point, the method for establishing the custom coordinate system of the item specifically includes:
SA1, calculating a first space rectangular coordinate of the feature points according to longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA2, acquiring intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points according to the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SA3, obtaining a second space rectangular coordinate of the feature point according to the middle longitude and latitude coordinate of the feature point;
SA4, obtaining seven parameters of the feature points according to the first space rectangular coordinate and the second space rectangular coordinate of the feature points;
and SA5, establishing a custom coordinate system of the project according to the seven parameters of the characteristic points.
2. The method of fusing grid data of a BIM application engineering coordinate system in a GIS scene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step SA1, longitude and latitude coordinates of feature points in the feature point set comprise: longitude and latitude coordinates (B1, L1, H1) of the characteristic point P1, longitude and latitude coordinates (B2, L2, H2) of the characteristic point P2 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B3, L3, H3) of the characteristic point P3;
the expression for calculating the first spatial rectangular coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the feature point is specifically as follows:
X＝(N+H)cosBcosL
Y＝(N+H)cosBsinL
Z＝[N(1-e 2 )+H]sinB
wherein N is radius of Mao you, and
a is the major semi-axis of the earth ellipsoid, b is the minor semi-axis of the earth ellipsoid, e is the first eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid, ε is a median calculated value, and
(B, L, H) are input longitude and latitude coordinates;
in the step SA2, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set include: the engineering independent coordinates (x 1, y1, h 1) of the feature point P1, the engineering independent coordinates (x 2, y2, h 2) of the feature point P2, and the engineering independent coordinates (x 3, y3, h 3) of the feature point P3;
the step SA2 is specifically: converting the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points into intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points through a Gaussian back calculation formula;
wherein, the expression of calculating the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates (B ', L ', h ') of the feature points by the inverse gaussian formula is specifically as follows:
h′＝h
in the formula, B f Latitude of the bottom point, M f 、N f 、η f And t f Respectively a first function of the bottom point latitude, a second function of the bottom point latitude, a third function of the bottom point latitude and a fourth function of the bottom point latitude; y is the vertical axis coordinate value of the Gaussian projection plane.
3. The method for fusing BIM application engineering coordinate system grid data in a GIS scene according to claim 1, wherein the step SA3 specifically comprises: converting the intermediate longitude and latitude coordinates of the feature points into second space rectangular coordinates of the feature points by using a geodetic coordinate system conversion space rectangular coordinate system;
in step SA4, the first spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X1, Y1, Z1) of feature point P1, a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X2, Y2, Z2) of feature point P2, and a first spatial rectangular coordinate (X3, Y3, Z3) of feature point P3;
the second spatial rectangular coordinates of the feature points include: a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X1 ', Y1', Z1 ') of characteristic point P1, a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X2 ', Y2', Z2 ') of characteristic point P2 and a second spatial rectangular coordinate (X3 ', Y3', Z3 ') of characteristic point P3;
the seven parameters comprise: x-axis coordinate translation Δ X 0 Y-axis coordinate translation of Δ Y 0 Z-axis coordinate translation Δ Z 0 X axis rotation epsilon X Y axis rotation epsilon Y Z axis rotation epsilon Z And a scaling m;
calculating seven-parameter X-axis coordinate translation DeltaX 0 Y-axis coordinate translation of Δ Y 0 Z-axis coordinate translation of Δ Z 0 X axis rotation epsilon X Y axis rotation epsilon Y Z axis rotation epsilon Z And the expression of the scaling m is specifically:
wherein, (X, Y, Z) is an input first spatial rectangular coordinate, and (X ', Y ', Z ') is an input second spatial rectangular coordinate;
the step SA5 is specifically: and calculating the conversion relation between the temporary ellipsoid where the engineering independent coordinate system is located and the standard WGS84 ellipsoid according to the seven parameters of the three groups of characteristic points, further obtaining the conversion relation of the reference surface, and establishing a self-defined coordinate system of the project according to the conversion relation of the reference surface.
4. The method for fusing BIM application project coordinate system grid data in GIS scene according to claim 2, wherein in step SA2, the bottom point latitude B f The calculation method specifically comprises the following steps: by calculating the latitude of the bottom point
The expansion of (2) obtains the latitude (B) of the bottom point f ；
Wherein i is the ordinal number of the latitude of the bottom point, a 2 Is the length of the second sub-arc, a 4 Is a fourth oneLength of the minor arc, a 6 Is the sixth sub-arc length, a 8 Is the eighth sub-arc length;
to be provided with
As an initial value, iteratively calculated to
Further obtain the bottom point latitude B f (ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
chi is meridian arc length;
in the formula, a 0 Is the initial sub-arc length.
5. The method for fusing grid data of a BIM application engineering coordinate system in a GIS scene according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, when the item is an item without a control point, the method for establishing a custom coordinate system of the item specifically comprises:
SB1, calculating an optimal central meridian according to the longitude and latitude coordinates and the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set;
SB2, obtaining an optimal scale factor by continuously changing the scale coefficient;
SB3, according to the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor, obtaining east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points;
and SB4, establishing a self-defined coordinate system according to the optimal central meridian, the scale factor, the east offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and the north offset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points.
6. The method for fusing BIM application engineering coordinate system grid data in a GIS scene according to claim 5, wherein in the step SB1, the engineering independent coordinates of the feature points in the feature point set comprise: the engineering independent coordinates (x 4, y 4) of the feature point P4 and the engineering independent coordinates (x 5, y 5) of the feature point P5;
the step SB1 specifically is:
converting longitude and latitude coordinates (B4, L4) of the characteristic point P4 and longitude and latitude coordinates (B5, L5) of the characteristic point P5 in the characteristic point set into plane coordinates (x 4', y 4') of the characteristic point P4 and plane coordinates (x 5', y 5') of the characteristic point P5 through a Gaussian positive calculation formula; obtaining an optimal central meridian according to the azimuth angle of the engineering independent coordinate system between the characteristic point P4 and the characteristic point P5 and the azimuth angle of the user-defined projection coordinate;
the expression of the gaussian forward formula is specifically as follows:
in the formula, (x, y) is a plane coordinate obtained by a Gaussian positive formula, B is the geodetic latitude, x is the meridian arc length, t is a first function of the geodetic dimension, N is the radius of Mao you, and eta is a second function of the geodetic latitude;
by calculating an engineering independent coordinate system azimuth angle P4P5 and a user-defined projection coordinate azimuth angle P4'P5', when the requirement of P4P5-P4'P5' is less than 0.00000001, obtaining an optimal central meridian;
the expressions of the engineering independent coordinate system azimuth angle P4P5 and the custom projection coordinate azimuth angle P4' P5 are specifically as follows:
P4P5＝arctan(y5-y4)/(x5-x4)
P4’P5’＝arctan(y5’-y4’)/(x5′-x4’)。
7. the method for fusing BIM application engineering coordinate system grid data in a GIS scene according to claim 6, wherein the step SB3 is specifically as follows:
based on the optimal central meridian and the optimal scale factor, obtaining projection coordinates (x 4f, y4 f) of the characteristic point P4 and (x 5f, y5 f) of the characteristic point P5; obtaining east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points and north offset northofset of the projection coordinates of the characteristic points according to the difference value between the projection coordinates and the real coordinates;
the expressions of east offset eastOffset of the projection coordinates of the feature points and north offset northofset of the projection coordinates of the feature points are specifically as follows:
eastOffset＝[(x4-x4f)+(x5-x5f)]/2
northOffset＝[(y4-y4f)+(y5-y5f)]/2
in the formula, x4 and y4 are engineering independent coordinates of the feature point P4, and x5 and y5 are engineering independent coordinates of the feature point P5.
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