CN113066181A - Terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data - Google Patents
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Abstract
A terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: determining a simulated region and terrain simulation range; step two: acquiring satellite images and digital elevation data of the area range according to the terrain simulation range; step three: converting global coordinate system information contained in the satellite images and the digital elevation data into a specific geographic coordinate system; step four: processing the satellite images and the digital elevation data; step five: and forming a terrain simulation model with the surface texture. According to the simulation method, elevation data and satellite images of a global range and different levels of precision can be rapidly acquired according to actual application requirements, a simulated terrain can be rapidly established through a BIM technical means, and the plotting efficiency and the surveying and mapping cost of the simulation method are obviously superior to those of the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image data processing, in particular to a terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data.
Background
At present, with the gradual maturity of the technologies such as BIM, GIS, intelligent construction and the like, the construction industry gradually develops towards digital construction transformation, the construction site also gradually replaces the traditional construction technology with informatization and digitization, and the application of the digital construction technology plays a role in playing a key role with the rapid development of the construction industry. In recent years, BIM and GIS technology are combined to be widely applied in the building field, in particular to the aspects of geological topography, hydrogeography and the like.
At present, in the aspect of establishing a simulated terrain, the following methods are mainly used for acquiring a data source in the prior art: firstly, through field exploration, the topographic surface measurement data is obtained from the ground by direct measurement, such as GPS, total station, field measurement and the like; and secondly, acquiring the aerospace images through photogrammetry ways, such as stereo coordinate instrument observation, space-time encryption, analytic mapping or digital photogrammetry and the like, wherein the most common unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technology is currently adopted.
The field exploration mode has large relative deviation and harsh conditions, and particularly in mountainous areas, water areas and other places, the measurement difficulty is quite high, the manpower investment is large, the maneuverability is poor, and the danger is high; utilize unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography technique, for traditional exploration mode on the spot, have obvious precision height, efficient, artifical advantage such as less that invests in, nevertheless also have certain limitation, like aircraft and data processing unit cost height, maintenance frequency is high, and data processing is complicated, has certain region limitation, and the application procedure in airspace is complicated simultaneously, and collection is forbidden in the region of being concerned with closely etc..
For engineering construction, most data measurement is in the early planning and design stage of engineering, and the corresponding precision requirement is not particularly high, so that the objective phenomena of high cost and low efficiency can occur by utilizing the two modes to collect data.
Upon searching for published patents, the following were found:
CN 109903352B-discloses a method for making a satellite remote sensing image large-area seamless orthoimage, which comprises the following contents: 1) constructing a remote sensing image imaging geometric model; 2) reading the remote sensing image to be matched and DEM data, and matching the DEM and the remote sensing image data to be registered; 3) orthorectifying the remote sensing image to obtain a corresponding DOM product; 4) obtaining the position relation between the orthoimages according to the step 3), determining the overlapping area between the images, matching in the overlapping area to obtain homonymous points, establishing an error equation based on a TPS (Perfect transform) model for each group of homonymous points, and obtaining the correction quantity of the geometric deviation between the images through iterative solution; 5) and (4) carrying out light evening and embedding on all corrected orthographic images to obtain an orthographic image map product of a large area. According to the method, the thin-plate spline model is introduced in the process of the orthoimage adjustment, so that the problem of low precision of the traditional geometric correction model caused by a small overlapping range between images is solved.
Through comparative analysis, the applicant believes that the patents have great differences from the application in methods, steps and effects, and therefore the novelty of the application is not affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data, can quickly acquire elevation data and satellite images with different levels of precision in a global range according to actual application requirements, quickly establishes a simulated terrain by means of a BIM (building information modeling) technology, and has drawing efficiency and surveying and mapping cost which are obviously superior to those of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a simulated region and terrain simulation range; the terrain simulation range is a closed area defined by any graph, and the closed area determines the longitude and latitude coordinates of the corner points of the simulation range;
step two: acquiring satellite images and digital elevation data of the area range according to the terrain simulation range; the satellite image is a high-definition satellite non-offset image obtained by software such as Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like; digital elevation data, which refers to a collection of elevation values representing the position of an object stored in digital form;
step three: converting global coordinate system information contained in the satellite images and the digital elevation data into a specific geographic coordinate system; the global coordinate system information refers to coordinate information including precision, latitude and elevation; the specific geographic coordinate system is a plane coordinate system formed by projecting a specific ellipsoid and a map through converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the spherical surface into coordinates through coordinate conversion operation;
step four: processing the satellite images and the digital elevation data;
step five: and forming a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
In the second step, when the satellite images and the digital elevation data of the area are acquired through Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like, the satellite images and the elevation data are acquired in multiple levels, and the higher the level is, the higher the accuracy of the generated model is, and the clearer the fineness is; the satellite imagery and elevation data may be selected to have different corresponding levels.
In the fourth step, when the image is processed, the high-definition satellite non-offset image is converted into a grating image, and the digital elevation data is processed and converted into the DEM; the raster image format is a pixel map formed by arranging grating lattices; DEM is ordered numerical array data representing the elevation of a ground digital simulation model; and a corresponding step five, mapping the grating image onto the DEM to form a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
In the fourth step, during image processing, the digital elevation data is processed and converted into a contour line data topographic map, and then the contour line data topographic map is converted into a topographic model through fitting processing; step five, the grating image is mapped into a terrain model to form a terrain simulation model with surface texture; a contour data topographic map is a closed curve group formed by connecting points with equal elevations projected on a plane.
The invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
according to the terrain simulation method based on the satellite images and the digital elevation data, 1, on-site and on-site measurement or aerial photography is not required, so that the labor investment is greatly reduced; 2. measuring instruments, aerial photography equipment, maintenance and the like are not needed, and cost investment is greatly reduced; 3. the terrain simulation method greatly reduces the data acquisition and processing time, for the measurement content with the same workload such as 10 square kilometers, the traditional field survey measurement and data summarization needs several months, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography and data processing need several days, and the satellite image and elevation data downloading and processing only need several hours; 4. the invention can obtain the data of the corresponding level according to the requirement, the current general map can reach the pixel precision of 0.25m at most, and the invention can meet the most application requirements. The cost investment and waste can be effectively avoided for the low-precision application requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of determining a proposed terrain simulation range of a region (step one);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Google Earth high definition satellite non-offset image according to the present invention (step two);
FIG. 3 is a schematic contour diagram of the method for obtaining Google Earth elevation in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the method of converting satellite images into UTM projection in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an elevation data conversion UTM projection approach in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of outputting a satellite image as a raster image according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the conversion of digital elevation data to a DEM in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a terrain simulation model according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following examples, which are to be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present embodiment is illustrative, not restrictive, and the scope of the invention should not be limited thereby.
A terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a simulated region and terrain simulation range; the terrain simulation range is a closed area defined by any graph, and the closed area determines the longitude and latitude coordinates of the corner points of the simulation range;
step two: acquiring satellite images and digital elevation data of the area range according to the terrain simulation range; the satellite image is a high-definition satellite non-offset image obtained by software such as Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like; digital elevation data, which refers to a collection of elevation values representing the position of an object stored in digital form;
step three: converting global coordinate system information contained in the satellite images and the digital elevation data into a specific geographic coordinate system; the global coordinate system information refers to coordinate information including precision, latitude and elevation; the specific geographic coordinate system is a plane coordinate system formed by projecting a specific ellipsoid and a map through converting the longitude and latitude coordinates of the spherical surface into coordinates through coordinate conversion operation;
step four: processing the satellite images and the digital elevation data;
step five: and forming a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
In the second step, when the satellite images and the digital elevation data of the area are acquired through Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like, the satellite images and the elevation data are acquired in multiple levels, and the higher the level is, the higher the accuracy of the generated model is, and the clearer the fineness is; the satellite imagery and elevation data may be selected to have different corresponding levels.
In the fourth step, when the image is processed, the high-definition satellite non-offset image is converted into a grating image, and the digital elevation data is processed and converted into the DEM; the raster image format is a pixel map formed by arranging grating lattices; DEM is ordered numerical array data representing the elevation of a ground digital simulation model; and a corresponding step five, mapping the grating image onto the DEM to form a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
In the fourth step, during image processing, the digital elevation data is processed and converted into a contour line data topographic map, and then the contour line data topographic map is converted into a topographic model through fitting processing; step five, the grating image is mapped into a terrain model to form a terrain simulation model with surface texture; a contour data topographic map is a closed curve group formed by connecting points with equal elevations projected on a plane.
In order to more clearly describe the specific embodiments of the present invention, an example is provided below:
the invention discloses a terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data, which takes a region of Huangpu district of Guangzhou, Guangdong province as an example, downloads Google Earth satellite images and elevation data by using BIGEMAP, carries out coordinate conversion processing by using Global Mapper, and finally generates a process of simulating terrain by using 3DMax software, and comprises the following detailed steps:
first, the following maps are commonly used. Google map: the method comprises two types of Google Earth and Google Map, wherein the Google Earth is divided into images of the Google Earth (without watermarks, offsets and WGS84 coordinates) and Google elevations (without watermarks, offsets and WGS84 coordinates), and the Google Map is divided into Google satellites (with watermarks, offsets and Mercator coordinates), Google electrons (without watermarks, offsets and Mercator coordinates) and Google terrains (without watermarks, offsets and Mercator coordinates); a Baidu map: the system comprises an Baidu satellite and an Baidu electronic map, and has an offset of about 3 m; a day map: including the heaven and earth map satellite, the heaven and earth map electronic and heaven and earth map terrain, without deviation; the high-grade map: the method comprises the steps that the high-altitude map is divided into a high-altitude satellite and a high-altitude electronic map, and no offset exists; and other map data such as ArcGIS.
Taking google earth as an example, the method for acquiring google earth images and google elevations comprises the following steps: in the BIGEMAP software, google earth was chosen to be unbiased. And determining a simulated region and terrain simulation range by using the BIGEMAP. The selected range can be a closed area formed by enclosing rectangles, circles or any polygons, and the like, and the latitude and longitude coordinates of the corner points of the simulation range are determined in the area. In the case, the area within the rectangular frame selection range is selected for satellite image and elevation data acquisition.
And secondly, acquiring satellite images and digital elevation data of the area in the selected range through the BIGEMAP. The satellite image is a high-definition satellite non-offset image obtained by Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like; digital elevation data refers to a collection of elevation values stored in digital form that represent the position of an object. When satellite images and digital elevation data of the area are acquired through Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like, corresponding data acquisition is divided into a plurality of levels, and the higher the level is, the higher the accuracy and the clearer the fineness of the generated model are; the satellite imagery and elevation data may be selected to have different corresponding levels.
And thirdly, converting the coordinate system of the acquired satellite image and the digital elevation data through a Global Mapper, and converting the Global coordinate containing precision, latitude and elevation information into a transverse Mexico card grid-supporting system UTM rectangular coordinate formed by projection of a specific ellipsoid and a cylindrical map based on a WGS-84 world geodetic coordinate system in 1984.
And fourthly, converting the high-definition satellite non-offset image into a grating image, and processing and converting the digital elevation data into the DEM. The raster image format is a pixel map formed by arranging grating lattices; DEM is a sequential array of numerical data representing the elevation of a digital simulation model of the ground.
And fifthly, mapping the grating image to the processed DEM to form a terrain simulation model with the earth surface texture. And 3D Max software is utilized to introduce the DEM processed by the Global Mapper, and when DEM elevation data are processed, the water surface height may be defaulted to be the sea level height, so that the water surface height deviation in the DEM model is caused, and manual adjustment is needed. And (3) after the DEM is imported, storing the DEM in a conventional OBJ model format, and giving a grating image material mapping to the DEM model by using a UVW mapping function in 3DMax to finally form a terrain simulation model with surface relief textures.
Finally, the invention preferably adopts mature products and mature technical means in the prior art.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A terrain simulation method based on satellite images and digital elevation data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a simulated region and terrain simulation range; the terrain simulation range is a closed area defined by any graph, and the closed area determines the longitude and latitude coordinates of the corner points of the simulation range;
step two: acquiring satellite images and digital elevation data of the area range according to the terrain simulation range; the satellite image is a high-definition satellite non-offset image obtained by software such as Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like; the digital elevation data refers to a set of elevation values which are stored in a digital form and represent the positions of the objects;
step three: converting global coordinate system information contained in the satellite images and the digital elevation data into a specific geographic coordinate system; the global coordinate system information refers to coordinate information comprising precision, latitude and elevation; the specific geographic coordinate system is a plane coordinate system formed by transforming the longitude and latitude coordinates of the spherical surface into a specific ellipsoid and map projection through coordinate transformation operation;
step four: processing an image;
step five: and forming a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the terrain simulation method comprises the steps of: in the second step, when the satellite image and the digital elevation data of the area are acquired through Google Earth, ArcGIS and the like, the satellite image and the elevation data are acquired in multiple levels, and the higher the level is, the higher the accuracy of the generated model is, and the clearer the fineness is; the satellite imagery and elevation data may be selected to have different corresponding levels.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the terrain simulation method comprises the steps of: in the fourth step, when the image is processed, converting the high-definition satellite non-offset image into a grating image, and processing and converting the digital elevation data into a DEM; the raster image format is a pixel map formed by arranging a grating lattice; the DEM is ordered numerical array data representing the elevation of a ground digital simulation model; and a corresponding step five, mapping the grating image onto the DEM to form a terrain simulation model with the surface texture.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the terrain simulation method comprises the steps of: in the fourth step, during image processing, digital elevation data are processed and converted into a contour line data topographic map, and then the contour line data topographic map is converted into a topographic model through fitting processing; step five, the grating image is mapped into a terrain model to form a terrain simulation model with surface texture; the contour data topographic map is a closed curve group formed by connecting points with equal elevations projected on a plane.
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