CN111143503A - Method for establishing spatial database based on unified coordinate system and database device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geographic information, in particular to a method for establishing a spatial database based on a unified coordinate system and a database device. In the method for establishing the spatial database, spatial coordinate information of data to be put in storage of various spatial coordinate systems is uniformly converted into longitude and latitude coordinates, format conversion and inspection are carried out on the data to be put in storage, and then the data are put in storage, so that the spatial database established by the method can be used for managing the data with different properties and different sources in the uniform database, the original disordered and scattered management difficulty of geographic information data is effectively overcome, the convenience of data use is improved, and the data management cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geographic information, in particular to a method for establishing a spatial database based on a unified coordinate system and a database device.
Background
Production units accumulate a large amount of raw data and result data in the geographic information mapping work for many years. Data sources and data creation software are diverse, and data formats, formats and contents are different, so that the problem of managing huge data formed by the data sources and the data creation software is particularly prominent. In the application of new technologies such as BIM, the demand for multi-source geographic spatial data is increasingly strong, and an effective spatial geographic information database needs to be established to provide massive spatial data support for a BIM system. One of the more common ways in the past is a data storage way based on a file organization structure, and although there is no problem in this way of storing data, the data is not GIS data in the true sense, and is very difficult in the aspects of query, extraction and utilization of data, and cannot use the spatial analysis function of the GIS technology, and cannot meet the current needs. The second common method is to separately establish databases for management according to data types, and this method has the disadvantages that there is no connection between data of each data type, and if several types of data are used simultaneously, it is not easy to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems of huge data, various types and inconvenience in management, query, extraction and utilization in the prior art, a method and a database device for establishing a spatial database based on a unified coordinate system are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for establishing the spatial database based on the unified coordinate system comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a geographic information data standard warehousing template, and taking space coordinate information and acquisition time information as key items of the standard warehousing template;
s2, converting and checking data to be put in storage;
s3, data are stored in a database;
wherein the step S2 includes:
format conversion: converting the data format of the data to be put in storage, and converting the data to be put in storage into the standard storage template format;
and (3) coordinate conversion: converting the coordinate reference of the space coordinate information of the data to be warehoused under the rectangular coordinate system into a longitude and latitude coordinate system;
data checking: checking the integrity of the data to be put into a warehouse, wherein the complete data to be put into the warehouse comprises space coordinate information and acquisition time information; and checking whether the attribute information and the topology information of the data to be put in storage have errors.
According to the method for establishing the spatial database based on the unified coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information in the multi-source heterogeneous multi-temporal geographic information data can be uniformly converted into the longitude and latitude coordinate system, the spatial coordinate information and the time attribute in the data are used as key items for warehousing operation, the data with different properties and different sources are brought into the unified database for management, the management difficulty that the geographic information data are originally disordered and scattered is effectively overcome, the use convenience of the geographic information data is greatly improved, the data management cost is reduced, the data integrity is good, the precision loss is very little, and the operation precision is not influenced while the operation efficiency is improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, standard warehousing templates are respectively set up for the vector data and the raster data.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the checking integrity of the data to be put into storage includes:
and checking the number of items of the data to be put in storage, and checking the completeness of the attribute and the space coordinate information of each data.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the complete data to be warehoused means that the data to be warehoused includes spatial coordinate information, acquisition time information, and attribute information. The attribute information includes the category, layer, symbol, and/or producer information.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, if the check result in step S2 is incomplete, the method further includes, before step S3:
supplementing the space coordinate information of the data to be put in storage, and acquiring the time information and/or the attribute information to ensure that the data to be put in storage is complete.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the coordinate projection conversion step, if the coordinate reference of the data to be warehoused is a national 2000 rectangular coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused is directly converted into a longitude and latitude coordinate system.
Specifically, the transformation of the spatial coordinate information to be stored into longitude and latitude coordinates can be performed by a gaussian projection or UTM projection mode.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, if the coordinate system of the data to be warehoused is the beijing rectangular coordinate system in 1954, the sienna rectangular coordinate system in 1980, or the WGS84 rectangular coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused is first converted into the national 2000 rectangular coordinate system, and then converted into the longitude and latitude coordinate system.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, if the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be put in storage is a longitude and latitude coordinate, the coordinate conversion step is skipped.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s31, importing the data to be warehoused into a database according to the standard warehousing template, and displaying the data at the spatial position of the database;
s32, if vector data and raster data exist in a certain area, executing the following steps: loading to a base map display, and overlaying vector data of the region on raster data;
s33, for vector data, executing the following steps: symbolizing, and displaying the ground object of the area shown in the vector data through a specific symbol mark.
The invention also provides a database device, which comprises a processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the processor; the memory stores a database established by the method.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method and the database device for establishing the spatial database based on the unified coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information in the multi-source heterogeneous multi-temporal geographic information data can be uniformly converted into the longitude and latitude coordinate system, the spatial coordinate information and the time attribute in the data are used as key items for warehousing operation, the data with different properties and different sources are brought into the unified database for management, the management difficulty that the geographic information data are originally disordered and scattered is effectively overcome, the use convenience of the geographic information data is greatly improved, the data management cost is reduced, the data integrity is good, the precision loss is very little, and the operation precision is not influenced while the operation efficiency is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for building a spatial database based on the same coordinate system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for establishing a spatial database based on a unified coordinate system, which is based on the same coordinate system, can meet the requirements of spatial data management and use of different sources, different acquisition times and different data types, and uniformly stores various data in the same spatial coordinate system after format conversion is carried out on the various data according to the data types.
Specifically, the method for establishing a spatial database based on the same coordinate system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a geographic information data standard warehousing template, and taking space coordinate information and acquisition time information as key items of the standard warehousing template.
The vector data includes control point data and digit line drawing data.
The raster data includes DEM (digital elevation model) data, aerial images, satellite remote sensing images, and DOM (digital ortho images) data.
S2, converting and checking data to be put in storage;
specifically, step S2 includes the following steps:
s21, format conversion: converting the data format of the data to be put in storage into a standard putting-in template format;
namely: if the data to be put in storage is vector data, converting the codes and layers in the attribute of the data to be put in storage into national standard codes and layers;
if the data to be put in storage is raster data, converting the data to be put in storage into a general image format, for example: tif format, jpg format.
S22, data checking: the data checking step comprises: and checking the integrity of the data to be put in storage, wherein the integrity of the data to be put in storage means that the data to be put in storage comprises space coordinate information, acquisition time information and attribute information, and checking whether the attribute information and the topology information of the data to be put in storage have errors.
Specifically, the number of items of the data to be put in storage is checked, and the completeness of the attribute and the spatial coordinate information of each data is checked. And if the data to be put in storage is incomplete, supplementing the spatial coordinate information of the data to be put in storage, and acquiring time information and/or attribute information to enable the data to be put in storage to be complete.
Wherein, the attribute information comprises the belonged category, layer, symbol and/or producer information.
S23, coordinate conversion: and converting the coordinate reference of the space coordinate information of the data to be stored in the database under the rectangular coordinate system into longitude and latitude coordinates.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s231, coordinate benchmark checking: checking whether the coordinate reference of the data space coordinate information is a national 2000 coordinate system, if so, directly carrying out S233. a coordinate projection conversion step; if not, S232. a coordinate reference conversion step is firstly carried out to convert the coordinate reference into a national 2000 coordinate system, and then S233. a coordinate projection conversion step is carried out;
specifically, if the spatial coordinate information of a certain data to be warehoused is expressed by a beijing coordinate system in 1954, a sienna coordinate system in 1980, or a WGS84 coordinate system, a coordinate reference conversion step is performed first to convert the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused to a national 2000 coordinate system, and s233. a coordinate projection conversion step is performed to convert the coordinate reference to a longitude and latitude coordinate.
S232, coordinate reference conversion: converting the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be put in storage into a national 2000 rectangular coordinate system;
the transformation of parameters between various rectangular coordinate systems (the Beijing coordinate system in 1954, the Sedan coordinate system in 1980, the WGS84 coordinate system, and the national 2000 coordinate system) is well known in the art and will not be described herein.
S233, coordinate projection conversion: if the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of certain data to be warehoused is a national 2000 coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused can be converted into a longitude and latitude coordinate system through Gaussian projection, and the calculation formula is as follows:
a is an ellipsoid major semi-axis, b is an ellipsoid minor semi-axis, f is an ellipsoid oblateness, e is a first eccentricity, and e' is a second eccentricity.
Wherein B is latitude, l is longitude, and radian is unit;
x and y are rectangular coordinates;
Bflatitude of the bottom pointObtained by iteration;
ηf、tfare respectively according to BfThe corresponding amount of value calculation;
m is the radius of curvature of the meridian,
n is the curvature radius of the unitary-mortise ring,
η2＝e'2cos2B；
t＝tgB；
nadir latitude BfThe iterative formula is:
wherein X is the meridian arc length
F(B)＝a(1-e2)[A′arcB-B′sin2B+C′sin4B-D′sin6B
+E′sin8B-F′sin10B+G′sin12B]
F′(B)＝a(1-e2)[A′-2B′cos2B+4C′cos4B-6D′cos6B
+8E′cos8B-10F′cos10B+12G′cos12B]
X＝a(1-e2)(A′arcB-B′sin2B+C′sin4B-D′sin6B
+E′sin8B-F′sin10B+G′sin12B)
The iteration termination condition is as follows:
Bi-1-Biis less than 10-6. Further, in this embodiment, the termination condition of the iteration is Bi-1-BiIs less than 10-8。
If the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of a certain data to be put in storage is already the longitude and latitude coordinates, step S23 is skipped for the data.
The sequence of the above steps S21, S22, and S23 can be changed.
S3, data are stored in a database;
specifically, step S3 includes the following steps:
and S31, importing the checked correct data to be put into a database according to the set database template.
Specifically, before importing raster data into an image mosaic dataset, an image pyramid is created, that is: the raster data is reduced to different multiples and then imported into the image mosaic dataset. The image pyramid is created, so that the raster data can be rapidly amplified and reduced when being displayed in the later period.
S32, if vector data and raster data exist in a certain region, executing the following steps: loading into the base map display, namely: superimposing the vector data of the region on the raster data;
the spatial data can be visually displayed through superposition display, the spatial precision of various data can be mutually checked, and if a certain region only has one of vector data and raster data, the step S32 is skipped;
s33, for vector data, executing the following steps: symbolizing, and displaying the ground object of the area shown in the vector data through a specific symbol mark. For example: for buildings on the ground, the buildings are identified by building symbols.
After the spatial database is established in the above manner, operations such as browsing, querying, modifying, adding and the like can be performed on data in the database as required. All data have complete coordinate information and time information, so that the data can be inquired according to coordinates and time, and the spatial coordinate information of all the data is based on a longitude and latitude coordinate system, so that the inquiry and the management are more convenient.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a database device, which comprises a processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the processor; the memory stores a database established by the method.
The spatial database is established through the steps, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information in the multisource heterogeneous multi-temporal geographic information data can be uniformly converted into a geographic coordinate system, the spatial coordinate information and the time attribute in the data are used as key items for warehousing operation, the data with different properties and different sources are brought into the unified database for management, the original disordered and scattered management dilemma of the geographic information data is effectively overcome, the use convenience of the geographic information data is greatly improved, the data management cost is reduced, the data integrity is good, the precision loss is very small, and the operation precision is not influenced while the operation efficiency is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for establishing the spatial database based on the unified coordinate system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing a geographic information data standard warehousing template, and taking space coordinate information and acquisition time information as key items of the standard warehousing template;
s2, converting and checking data to be put in storage;
s3, data are stored in a database;
wherein the step S2 includes:
format conversion: converting the data format of the data to be put in storage, and converting the data to be put in storage into the standard storage template format;
and (3) coordinate conversion: converting the coordinate reference of the space coordinate information of the data to be warehoused under the rectangular coordinate system into a longitude and latitude coordinate system;
data checking: and checking the integrity of the data to be put into a warehouse, wherein the complete data to be put into the warehouse comprises space coordinate information and acquisition time information, and checking whether the attribute information and the topology information of the data to be put into the warehouse have errors.
2. The method for building a spatial database based on unified coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, standard warehousing templates are respectively established for vector data and raster data.
3. The method for building a spatial database based on unified coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the checking the integrity of the data to be warehoused comprises:
and checking the number of items of the data to be put in storage, and checking the completeness of the attribute and the space coordinate information of each data.
4. The method for building a spatial database according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the complete data to be warehoused means that the data to be warehoused further includes attribute information including the category, layer, symbol and/or producer information on the basis of including spatial coordinate information and acquisition time information.
5. The method for building a spatial database according to claim 4, wherein if the check result in step S2 is incomplete, before step S3, the method further comprises the following steps:
supplementing the space coordinate information of the data to be put in storage, and acquiring the time information and/or the attribute information to ensure that the data to be put in storage is complete.
6. The method for building a spatial database according to claim 1, wherein in the coordinate conversion step, if the coordinate reference of the data to be warehoused is a national 2000 rectangular coordinate system, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused is directly converted into a longitude and latitude coordinate system.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein if the coordinate reference of the data to be warehoused is the rectangular coordinate system of Beijing in 1954, the rectangular coordinate system of Siann in 1980, or the rectangular coordinate system of WGS84, the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused is converted into the rectangular coordinate system of state 2000, and then converted into the longitude and latitude coordinate system.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the coordinate reference of the spatial coordinate information of the data to be warehoused is a longitude and latitude coordinate, the coordinate conversion step is skipped.
9. The method for building a spatial database based on a unified coordinate system according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the steps of:
s31, importing the data to be warehoused into a database according to the standard warehousing template, and displaying the data at the spatial position of the database;
s32, if vector data and raster data exist in a certain area, executing the following steps: loading to a base map display, and overlaying vector data of the region on raster data;
s33, for vector data, executing the following steps: symbolizing, and displaying the ground object of the area shown in the vector data through a specific symbol mark.
10. A database apparatus comprising a processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor; the memory stores a database created by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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