CN114089540A - Thin laser beam regulating and controlling device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a thin laser beam regulating and controlling device, including: the laser device comprises a first grating device, a second grating device, a light beam adjusting device and a detector, wherein the first grating device and the second grating device are arranged at positions where grid lines are mutually perpendicular in the laser incident light path direction, the first grating device is used for receiving laser and outputting first diffraction laser to the second grating device, the second grating device outputs second diffraction laser to the light beam adjusting device, and the light beam adjusting device adjusts light beams to be matched and input to the detector. The thin laser beam regulating device disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure realizes the design of a thin module with the caliber/thickness ratio larger than 2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thin laser beam regulating and controlling device, belonging to the field of laser beam receiving regulating and controlling devices and laser beam emitting regulating and controlling devices.
Background
Laser-based optoelectronic imaging and detection systems are currently increasingly finding widespread use in consumer electronics. With the increasing demand of longer-distance application scenes, it becomes more important to be able to realize large-aperture transmission or reception of laser on the intelligent terminal device. There is a technical constraint challenge. That is, a larger optical aperture is required for remote detection, and the smart terminal (typically, a mobile phone) has a higher requirement for the thickness (i.e., the dimension perpendicular to the aperture) of the transceiver module. Therefore, it is a technical challenge to realize laser emission and reception with a larger aperture while maintaining a certain thickness.
The typical application scenarios include: the imaging receiving device of 3D TOF, lidar's receiving arrangement etc. these devices if need improve long-range detection ability, because SPAD detector (single photon avalanche diode detector)'s photon detection ability still is limited, to the long-range detection demand, still exist and need further increase and receive the bore, and keep the thickness of module not to increase significantly simultaneously.
This is also true for laser emission, such as high quality gaussian fundamental mode laser output, where the larger the emitting aperture, the smaller the far field divergence angle and hence the smaller the remote spot, and the higher the energy density or illumination efficiency for remote imaging or detection applications.
The existing optical receiving module mainly comprises a lens group, a reflector group, a Fresnel lens, a super-surface optical lens and the like. At present, more lens sets, Fresnel lenses and the like are mainly applied, and the ratio of the caliber to the thickness is difficult to realize to be more than 2 under the condition of the prior art. If the aperture and thickness give design constraints, the reflector group is usually considered, and the optical path mode is folded, but the length and width of the module are increased more. Super-surface optical lenses can theoretically achieve F-numbers less than 1, but this would require very small feature sizes and very large aspect ratios of the structures, which all bring great difficulties to the practical implementation, and the aperture/thickness ratio of more than 1 is rarely adopted in the current technology.
Prior art 1: lens assembly
The aperture compression of the light beam is realized by using a lens group, as shown in fig. 1. To achieve high quality collimation or focusing, it is difficult to achieve F-numbers (focal length/aperture ratio) of less than 0.5 for a lens set, which requires an optical lens design that achieves a small F-number, and at the same time requires more lenses to achieve, and does not achieve an aperture/thickness greater than 2.
Therefore, when there is a significant constraint on the thickness of the system, the design is usually performed by folding the optical path. For example, the structured light DOE transmission system disclosed in patent US20200081165a1 of apple inc, as shown in fig. 2, when a high-quality collimated light beam is required to be incident on the DOE diffractive optical element, the light path is folded by adding two reflecting interfaces, so as to ensure that the thickness of the whole module meets the requirement of a thin system, and the cost includes the increase of the transverse dimension obviously comparable to the aperture of the light beam.
Prior art 2: fresnel lens, super-surface lens, etc
The single lens is designed by a microstructure based on a thin lens of a concentric ring-belt Fresnel lens or a medium sub-wavelength structure super-surface lens, and the functions of multiple lenses of the lens group can be realized. But the realized F number (focal length/aperture ratio) is directly related to the designed minimum structural feature size, and a device with the aperture/focal length ratio larger than 2 is difficult to realize under the current process constraint condition. And for the two types of the above mentioned, along with the continuous increase of the aperture/focal length ratio, there is also a problem that the theoretical optical efficiency is significantly reduced, and the potential possibility of the detection capability improvement brought by the increase of the aperture is also influenced.
Prior art 3: folding reflective lens group
As shown in fig. 3, the thin type reflector set disclosed in patent CN109407290A can realize "large aperture" and short focal length, but it is circular aperture, and the light energy in the central area of "large aperture" cannot be received, so the effective light energy receiving capability is not increased proportionally. The purpose of increasing the caliber to increase the imaging detection distance or the emission distance cannot be realized. Only the purpose of increasing the 'equivalent aperture' and the 'effective focal length' and reducing the thickness of the system is achieved.
The structure of the beam reduction optical system in the conventional optical system is shown in fig. 4.
In summary, the main disadvantage of the prior art is that when the thickness of the laser module is constrained, it is difficult to further increase the aperture of the optical light, and achieve laser receiving or transmitting with a larger aperture, so that the improvement of the detection working distance of the system encounters a technical bottleneck.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thin laser receiving device, which solves the technical problems that when the thickness of a laser module is restrained, the traditional optical light-transmitting caliber is difficult to further increase, laser receiving or transmitting with larger caliber is realized, and the detection working distance of a system is difficult to improve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in the conventional optical system design shown in fig. 3, when a beam-reducing system L0 is included in front of an imaging and focusing system L1 (caliber D1, focal length f 1), the clear caliber of the whole system is D0, and the compression ratio is M (D0/D1). The following relationship is satisfied:
the system equivalent focal length is enlarged, and f = f1 × M1= (f1/D1) × D0 is satisfied;
② the effective F number of the system is not changed, namely F/D0 = F1/D1, and is not changed along with the change of the compression ratio M of the beam-reducing system.
From the above relationship, the following conclusions can be drawn:
if the aperture of the preposed collimating light is compressed, the long focal length of the whole system can be realized by the shorter focal length of the focusing optical system, and the compression ratio is the same as the aperture compression of the preposed collimating light beam.
In the case of an afocal beam-reducing system, the f-number of the focusing optical system placed behind, i.e. equal to the f-number required by the system setup.
However, in the conventional optical system design, it is difficult to realize thin beam reduction in either transmissive, reflective, diffractive or a combination system. Resulting in an overall system thickness that is difficult to compress as previously described.
The technology of the invention is as follows: thin laser beam regulating and controlling device based on grating device
The invention realizes thin-type large-magnification light-passing aperture compression by utilizing the deflection angle regulation capability of the grating device on laser, thereby greatly improving the overall aperture/thickness ratio of the optical system. As shown in fig. 5, a transmission grating (left) or a reflection grating (right) may be used to regulate an incident beam perpendicular to the surface of the grating device, where the aperture is D0, and when a diffracted beam exits, the aperture is D1, and first satisfies the basic grating equation: d (sin θ + sin α) = m λ. Here, the incident angle α of the light beam (the angle with the normal to the plane of the grating device) is the diffracted exit angle θ of the light beam, the wavelength of the incident light beam is λ, and the corresponding diffraction order is m.
It can be seen that when the incident beam is incident nearly perpendicular to the surface of the grating device, the compression ratio of the incident beam caliber D0 and the emergent beam caliber D1 satisfies the relation:
M = D0/D1 = 1/cosθ
that means that the compression ratio M is larger if the diffracted exit angle of the grating is closer to 90 °. When the diffraction exit angle θ is determined assuming that the beam incident angle α =0, the compression ratio M is determined; considering the diffraction efficiency, the diffraction order m is usually 1; according to the information, the grating period constant d required by the grating can be determined simultaneously, namely the grating formula can be converted into:
d = λ/sqrt(1-1/M2)
grating device period constant d required for common operating wavelengths
It should be noted that the grating device itself can only compress the aperture of the light beam in one direction perpendicular to the grating structure, and the aperture of the light beam in the direction parallel to the grating structure remains the same. For the common optical caliber designed to be circular or rectangular, the beam caliber needs to be compressed again on the other dimension, namely, the beam sizes on two dimensions can be obtained, so that the large-scale compression is realized.
When two grating devices are used to realize the thin beam compression function, the first grating device can be a transmission grating device or a reflection grating device as shown in fig. 5, the beam propagation direction is angularly deflected in the direction perpendicular to the grating lines of the grating, and the beam propagation direction is perpendicular to the grating linesOn the straight projection plane (shown by the dotted line), the projection area of the light beam is compressed in a single direction compared with the light transmission aperture of the incident light beam. As mentioned above, when the compression ratio of the beam in this direction is designed to be M1Then, the grating period constant d1 of the first grating element should be:
d1 = λ/sqrt(1-1/M1 2)
at the moment, the propagation direction of the light beam is polarized, and a second grating element is arranged on a new light beam projection surface, namely, the substrate plane of the second grating element is parallel to the vertical projection plane of the new propagation direction of the light beam. From the angle of beam deflection compression, a transmission type grating element or a reflection type grating element can still be selected, the optimal design factor of compact integral structure is considered, the second grating element adopts the reflection type grating element, the spatial layout of the optical element can be fully utilized, and better compact design is obtained. The grating grid line direction of the second grating element needs to be orthogonal to the grating grid line direction of the first grating element in space, so that the beam aperture can be further compressed in the other orthogonal direction. When the compression ratio of the light beam in the direction is designed to be M2Then, the grating period constant d2 of the second grating element should be:
d2 = λ/sqrt(1-1/M2 2)
it should be noted here that the compression ratio M of the beam aperture in two orthogonal directions on the projection plane of the propagation direction1And M2Are not necessarily always equal, and M may be set and selected as desired for a particular beam characteristic1And M2. When the incident beam is a symmetrical circular or square aperture beam, assume M1=M2If the refractive index is M, a circular or square beam with a compression ratio of M can be obtained through a thin beam compression structure composed of two grating devices1≠M2Then the output is the corresponding elliptical or rectangular beam.
After the aperture compression in two directions is realized by adopting two grating devices respectively, the focusing of the light beam can be realized through a focusing lens. And vice versa, the light source can realize aperture beam expansion output after passing through the collimating lens and the two grating devices. The light beam adjusting elements (such as focusing lens, collimating lens, etc.) required here do not need large-aperture elements, so their aperture, thickness, etc. do not have significant influence on the volume of the whole module, and the whole size of the module is mainly determined by the first grating element, the second grating element and their spatial position relationship.
The invention benefits the microminiaturization of a 3D TOF module, a 3D structured light module, a laser radar module and the like based on laser transceiving application, and makes the remote application of receiving and transmitting large-caliber laser energy possible. Compared with other prior art, the design constraint that the caliber/thickness ratio is more than 2 is difficult to realize, and the invention can realize the thin module design of up to 5.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art apparatus for compressing the aperture of a light beam by using a lens assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for compressing the aperture of a light beam by folding the light path in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art apparatus for compressing the aperture of a light beam by using a reflective mirror array;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional beam reduction optical system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmission type grating device and a reflection type grating device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a grating device in the receiving thin laser beam modulation apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving thin laser beam control device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an emission-type thin laser beam control device;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a LD beam shaping thin laser beam conditioning device.
In fig. 5-9, 1 is a first grating device, 2 is a second grating device, 3 is a beam adjusting device, 4 is a detector, 5 is a planar optical adjusting device, 7 is a light source, and 8 is an LD light source.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: receiving thin laser beam regulating and controlling device
As shown in fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a grating structure in the receiving thin laser beam modulation apparatus, element 1 is a first grating device, and may adopt a transmission type grating device or a reflection type grating device; the element 2 is a second grating device, employing a reflection-type grating device; the element 3 is a beam conditioning device. The incident beam passes through the first grating device 1 and the second grating device 2, large-scale size compression is achieved, and then focusing imaging is achieved through the beam adjusting device 3. By means of the design, under the condition that the thickness is thin, laser energy receiving or emitting with a large caliber can be achieved. The aperture/thickness ratio of the light beam can be 2-5 times, and is obviously improved compared with the prior art. In a system such as a Lidar, it is necessary to receive the returned laser signal light. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, after passing through the first grating device 1, the second grating device 2 and the light beam adjusting device 3, the laser signal energy to be detected enters the detector 4, where the detector 4 includes a single-pixel detector, preferably, such as a photodiode PD, an avalanche photodiode APD, a single photon avalanche diode SPAD, etc., a linear array detector, an area array detector, etc., or enters the detector after being coupled by means of an optical fiber, a waveguide, etc. When a single-pixel detector and a linear array detector are adopted, the method is combined with an optical axis scanning means to realize the field of view reconstruction of the laser radar, such as a mode of integral mechanical rotation or an additional external scanning swing mirror.
Example 2: emission type thin laser beam regulating and controlling device
Fig. 8 shows a thin laser beam control device of the emission type, and more particularly, to a light emitting device with a thin planar beam control device structure. It is shown as before in comparison to the reference structured light Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) transmission device for apple cell phones, which uses a folded collimating lens light path. In this embodiment, 1 is a first grating device, and a transmission type grating device or a reflection type grating device may be used, and a transmission type bragg volume holographic grating device is preferred; 2, a second grating device, which is a reflector type grating device, preferably a reflection type Bragg body holographic grating or a reflection type blazed grating; 3 is a light beam adjusting device, such as a focusing lens or a lens group; 7 is an array light source, such as VCSEL array light source, LED array light source, etc., and 5 is a planar beam conditioning device, preferably a micro-optical element, a diffractive optical element, or a super-surface optical element; the first grating device 1, the second grating device 2, the light beam adjusting device 3 and the array light emitting source 7 are combined to generate collimated light beams with different incidence angles, and after the collimated light beams enter the plane light beam adjusting device 5, structured light projection light spots required by design are generated. Compared with a Diffraction Optical Element (DOE) structure optical module adopting a folded optical path, the layout structure has the advantage that the volume can be more compact. Similarly, the thin laser beam adjusting device designed in the invention can also be used for a light source part in a laser emitting device such as a 3D TOF (three-dimensional time of flight), a laser radar module and the like.
Example 3: LD beam shaping thin laser beam regulating and controlling device
Due to the resonant cavity characteristics, the divergence angle of a semiconductor Laser (LD) light source is different in two orthogonal directions, commonly referred to as the fast axis and the slow axis. If it is desired to output a circular light spot by this laser light source, a beam shaping system, such as a fast-slow axis collimating lens combination, an aspherical cylindrical lens combination, etc., which requires different focal powers (focal lengths) in two directions, is usually adopted, and the system length is further increased significantly. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the compression ratios of two dimensional light beams are respectively controllable, and after an LD laser light source realizes collimated light beams through a spherical collimating lens, the light beams are respectively regulated and controlled through two grating devices with different grating period constants, as shown in FIG. 9, 1 is a first grating device, which can adopt a transmission type grating device or a reflection type grating device, and preferably adopts a transmission type Bragg body holographic grating device; 2, a second grating device, which is a reflector type grating device, preferably a reflection type Bragg body holographic grating or a reflection type blazed grating; 3 is a light beam adjusting device, such as a focusing lens or a lens group; the light source 8 is an LD light source, wherein an elliptical light spot emitted by the LD light source 8 is incident into the light beam adjusting device 3, is emitted to the second grating device 2 through the light beam adjusting device 3, outputs a first diffraction laser to the first grating device 1, outputs a second diffraction laser through the first grating device 1, and realizes shape adjustment of an elliptical collimated light beam through cooperative regulation and control of the first grating device 1 and the second grating device 2, and is changed into a circular light spot to be output. Assuming that the fast axis and the slow axis of the divergence angle of the LD light source 8 are ± θ FAC and ± θ SAC, respectively, the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the elliptical spot after passing through the spherical collimating lens is tan (θ FAC)/tan (θ SAC). Therefore, the aperture compression ratio achieved by the two grating devices of the first grating device 1 and the second grating device 2 is M1/M2 = tan (θ FAC)/tan (θ SAC), and the period constant and the diffraction emergence angle of the corresponding grating devices can be respectively designed according to the above formula.
The first grating device 1 in the above embodiments 1 to 3 is preferably a transmission type bragg volume holographic grating or a reflection type bragg volume holographic grating; the second grating device 2 is preferably a reflective bragg volume holographic grating or a reflective blazed grating; the light beam adjusting device 3 is a small-caliber focusing lens or lens group, a refraction type lens or lens group, a binary step type diffraction lens, a Fresnel lens or a micro-sized super-surface lens.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious modifications, rearrangements, combinations and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A thin laser beam conditioning device, comprising: the laser device comprises a first grating device, a second grating device, a light beam adjusting device and a detector, wherein the first grating device and the second grating device are arranged at positions where grid lines are mutually perpendicular in the laser incident light path direction, the first grating device is used for receiving laser and outputting first diffraction laser to the second grating device, the second grating device outputs second diffraction laser to the light beam adjusting device, and the light beam adjusting device adjusts light beams to be matched and input to the detector.
2. The thin laser beam conditioning device of claim 1, wherein the detector is a single pixel detector, a linear array detector, or an area array detector.
3. The thin laser beam conditioning device of claim 2, wherein the single pixel detector is a photodiode PD, an avalanche photodiode APD, or a single photon avalanche diode SPAD.
4. The thin laser beam regulating device is characterized by comprising a light source, a beam regulating device, a first grating device, a second grating device and a plane beam regulating device, wherein the first grating device and the second grating device are arranged at positions where grating lines are mutually vertical in the laser emergent light path direction, laser emitted by the light source is incident to the optical regulating device, is matched and incident to the second grating device after being regulated by the beam, outputs first diffraction laser to the first grating device through the second grating device, outputs second diffraction laser to the plane beam regulating device through the first grating device, and outputs projection light spots required by design.
5. The thin laser beam conditioning device according to claim 4, wherein the light source is a VCSEL array light source or an LED array light source, and the planar beam conditioning device is a micro-optical element, a diffractive optical element or a super-surface optical element.
6. A thin laser beam regulation and control device is characterized by comprising an LD light source, a light beam regulation device, a first grating device and a second grating device, wherein the first grating device and the second grating device are arranged at positions where grid lines are mutually vertical in the laser emergent light path direction, laser emitted by the light source is incident to the optical regulation device, is subjected to light beam regulation and then is incident to the second grating device in a matched mode, and first diffraction laser is output to the first grating device through the second grating device and laser shaping light beams required by design are output.
7. The thin laser beam conditioning device of claim 1, 4 or 6, wherein the grating period constants of the first and second grating devices are d 1= λ/sqrt (1-1/M1), respectively2)、d2 = λ/sqrt(1-1/M22) Wherein λ is the laser wavelength, M1 is the compression ratio of the incident beam caliber D0 and the emergent beam caliber D1, and M2 is the compression ratio of the incident beam caliber D1 and the emergent beam caliber D2.
8. The thin laser beam conditioning device of claim 6, wherein the fast axis divergence angle and the slow axis divergence angle of the LD light source are ± θ FAC and ± θ SAC, respectively, and the aperture compression ratio achieved by the first grating device and the second grating device is M1/M2 = tan (θ FAC)/tan (θ SAC), where M1 is the compression ratio of the first grating device and M2 is the compression ratio of the second grating device.
9. The thin laser beam conditioning device according to claim 1, 4 or 6, wherein the beam conditioning device is a small-aperture focusing lens or group, a refractive lens or group, a binary step diffraction lens, a Fresnel lens or a micro-sized super-surface lens.
10. The thin laser beam steering device of claim 1, 4 or 6, wherein the first grating device is a transmissive grating device or a reflective grating device, and the second grating device is a reflective grating device.
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