CN114088867A - Automatic detection device and method for combustion state of open heating furnace - Google Patents
Automatic detection device and method for combustion state of open heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000195954 Lycopodium clavatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic detection device and method for a combustion state of an open heating furnace. The device of the invention comprises: the device comprises a combustion detection unit and a multi-sensor data fusion unit. The combustion detection unit comprises an infrared pyroelectric sensor, a photosensitive sensor and a piezoresistive sensor and is used for detecting test data; the multi-sensor data fusion unit consists of an adaptive weighting algorithm unit, a threshold decision unit, a reliability determination unit and a result judgment unit; the self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit processes the sensor detection data to avoid measurement result deviation caused by different distribution positions; the threshold decision unit compares the maximum value with the lower combustion limit summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result; the reliability determining unit is used for determining the reliability of the preliminary decision result. The invention realizes the automatic detection of the combustion state, makes up the defects of the traditional open combustion judgment method and improves the accuracy and the safety of the detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic detection device and method for a combustion state of an open heating furnace based on data processing and decision fusion, which are mainly used for gas-liquid auto-ignition point testers, dust minimum ignition temperature testers and other instruments needing to judge the combustion state of a substance in an open environment.
Background
The identification of the combustion state of a substance is a key technology for acquiring physical and chemical parameters, and is widely applied to the detection of physical danger parameters of dust, liquid and gas. If the combustion state is judged inaccurately, very serious consequences can be brought: if the combustion temperature value of the detected substance is larger, the danger rating is lower, and immeasurable serious hidden danger is possibly brought; if the combustion temperature value of the detected substance is smaller, the danger rating is higher, and extra cost is added to the fireproof and explosion-proof design of related production, transportation and storage. It is very important to accurately detect the combustion state of the substance.
And identifying the combustion state through pressure mutation generated by combustion in the closed container in the detection of parameters such as the flash point of the combustible liquid, the combustion concentration limit of the combustible gas, the combustion index and the like. However, in the tests of the lowest ignition temperature, the lowest spontaneous combustion temperature and the like, the test environment is communicated with the atmosphere, and due to the fact that the material properties are different and the combustion state difference is large, the pressure change is small under the open condition, and if the traditional pressure mutation is adopted for detecting the combustion state, the detection omission is easily caused.
At present, most of automatic judgment methods for combustion states of open heating furnaces are experimental judgment through a single sensor, and Chinese patent application CN110763761A discloses a method for a combustion equivalent and reaction level test system. The method can judge the combustion in the non-closed environment, but the judgment can be missed for some slight combustion, and the method is greatly influenced by the external environment.
According to the standard GB/T16429 + 1996 & ltmethod for measuring minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud & gt and GB/T21860 & 2008 & ltmethod for testing the spontaneous combustion temperature of liquid chemicals & gt, in the chemical spontaneous combustion temperature test, the spontaneous combustion temperature of a substance needs to be measured in an open environment. The reflector is placed at the opening in the standard regulation, and the tester observes the test progress and judges the test result through the reflector in the process of the test, but the test material combustion effect differs or the burning can produce poisonous and harmful gas, through the artifical test result of observation of reflector, can cause the leakage to judge when slight burning, harm the tester healthy when violent burning and burning produce poisonous and harmful gas.
In summary, in the automatic detection test of the combustion state of the open system substance, the problem of high error rate of single-sensor discrimination or high risk of manual discrimination always exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for automatically detecting a combustion state of an open-top heating furnace, which aims to solve the problem of high error rate of single sensor for determining the combustion state or high risk of manual determination in an open-top environment, so as to improve the accuracy and safety of a testing instrument.
The invention provides an automatic detection device for the combustion state of an open heating furnace, which comprises a combustion detection unit and a multi-sensor data fusion unit.
The combustion detection unit is fixed in the protective cover, is provided with an infrared pyroelectric sensor, a photosensitive sensor and a piezoresistive sensor and is used for detecting temperature, light intensity and pressure changes caused by combustion in the open heating furnace in real time;
the multi-sensor data fusion unit comprises a self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit, a threshold decision unit, a reliability determination unit and a result judgment unit;
the self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit is used for performing weighting processing on data acquired by the sensors of the same type, so that the measurement result deviation caused by different distribution positions of the sensors is avoided;
the threshold decision unit is used for comparing the maximum value of the data with the lower combustion limit summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result;
the reliability determining unit adopts a D-S evidence theory and is used for determining the reliability of the primary decision result;
and the result judging unit judges the result according to the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result.
Furthermore, the combustion detection unit is fixed by four support columns in the protective cover, and a certain distance is kept between the combustion detection unit and the end face of the protective cover, so that the detection area of the sensor can cover the combustion test area; and a heat insulation pad is arranged at the joint of the combustion detection unit and the support column to insulate high temperature.
Furthermore, light holes corresponding to the infrared pyroelectric sensor and the photosensitive sensor are formed in the surface of the protective cover, the piezoresistive sensors are communicated with the pressure guiding hollow pipe through the surface of the protective cover, and the pressure guiding hollow pipe extends to the position above the open heating furnace.
The invention also provides an automatic detection method for the combustion state of the open heating furnace, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and acquiring temperature and light intensity data of the open heating furnace, and processing the acquired temperature and light intensity data by using a self-adaptive weight algorithm.
S2: and carrying out threshold decision on the temperature, light intensity and pressure data, and substituting the temperature and light intensity data into a probability distribution function for calculation.
S3: the probability distribution function values are combined via D-S evidence theory.
S4: and (5) according to the D-S evidence theory, combining the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result and judging the result.
Further, the step S2 includes the following steps:
and S2-1, comparing the maximum value with the lower combustion limit summarized by a plurality of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result.
S2-2, substituting the temperature and light intensity data into a probability distribution function for calculation, and calculating four different probability distribution function values of two different sensor types through normalization:
wherein, TX,VXFor various sensor measurements, T0,V0Lower limit of theoretical combustion, T1,V1Is the measurement range of the sensor;
obtaining m1(T)、m2(T)、m1(V) and m2(V) is the probability distribution function value of the temperature and the light intensity;
further, the step S3 is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein m is12(A) The merging reliability of the temperature or light intensity data, and K is a normalization factor.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes:
if the initial decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is ignition, the test result is ignition;
if the initial decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is that the piezoresistive sensor is not on fire, the merging reliability of the temperature data and the light intensity data is compared, and the most reliable initial decision result is selected as the final result of the test.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the automatic detection of the combustion state, makes up the defects of the traditional open combustion judgment method and improves the accuracy and the safety of the detection result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an automatic detection method for the combustion state of an open heating furnace.
Fig. 2 is a front sectional view.
Fig. 3 is a partial view a 1.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view A2-A2.
FIG. 5 is a graph of data output by sensors of the same type at different distributed locations;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of experimental data processed by the adaptive weighting algorithm;
in the figure: 1. a glass container; 2. a hollow tube; 3. a light-transmitting hole; 4. a protective cover; 5. a heat insulating pad; 6. a support pillar; 7. a combustion detection unit; 8. a piezoresistive sensor; 9. an infrared pyroelectric sensor; 10. a light-sensitive sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are in a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. Directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figure. Accordingly, the directional terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
The invention provides an automatic detection device and method for a combustion state of an open heating furnace. The combustion detection unit is fixed in the protective cover, is provided with an infrared pyroelectric sensor, a photosensitive sensor and a piezoresistive sensor and is used for detecting temperature, light intensity and pressure changes caused by combustion in the heating furnace in real time; the multi-sensor data fusion unit comprises a self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit, a threshold decision unit, a reliability determination unit and a result judgment unit; the self-adaptive weighting unit is used for carrying out weighting processing on data acquired by the sensors of the same type so as to avoid measurement result deviation caused by different distribution positions; the threshold decision unit compares the maximum value with the lower combustion limit summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result; the reliability determining unit adopts a D-S evidence theory and is used for determining the reliability of the primary decision result; and the result judging unit judges the result according to the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the combustion detection unit 7 is fixed by four support columns 6 in the protective cover, and a certain distance is kept between the combustion detection unit and the end face of the protective cover 4, so that the detection area of the sensor can cover the test area; and the heat insulating pad 5 is installed with the support column junction to burning the detecting element to isolated high temperature, wherein the test area is just to the sensor detection area, including glass container 1, it is uncovered formula.
The protective cover has six light trap 3, and is corresponding with six infrared pyroelectric sensor 9 and the photosensitive sensor 10 on the burning detecting element, and pressure resistance sensor 8 leads pressure hollow tube 2 through the connection of protective cover surface, when the protective cover avoids the raise dust interference, does not influence the data detection of sensor to the test area.
Furthermore, the photosensitive sensor consists of a plurality of photosensitive sensor sense organs, the photosensitive sensor sense organs are photodiodes with the hole diameter of 2mm, 5V power supply is used, and the detection frequency f0When light intensity is 0-1000 lx, the output voltage signal is strictly linear correlation with light intensity, and a plurality of photosensitive sensors are installed to this device simultaneously, can follow the regional light intensity degree of the all-round measurement test of many angles.
Furthermore, the diameter of the infrared pyroelectric sensing organ hole is 4mm, the sensing part is an infrared thermopile chip, a signal processing unit is integrated in the infrared pyroelectric sensing organ hole, the maximum temperature measuring range is-20-380 ℃, and meanwhile, the device is provided with a plurality of infrared pyroelectric sensors, so that the temperature of a test area can be measured in a multi-angle and all-around manner.
Furthermore, the piezoresistive sensor is a micro-pressure sensor which measures weak pressure change during a test through a hollow pipe.
Further, the invention provides a method for automatically detecting open furnace combustion based on the phenomenon of light and heat emission accompanied by fine explosion during the combustion of a substance and by combining the phenomenon with a related algorithm, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
s1: and processing the acquired temperature and light intensity data by using an adaptive weight algorithm.
S2: and carrying out threshold decision on the temperature, light intensity and pressure data, and substituting the temperature and light intensity data into a probability distribution function for calculation.
S3: the probability distribution function values are combined via D-S evidence theory.
S4: and merging the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result according to the D-S evidence theory to judge the test result.
In the step 1, the environmental temperature is 23 ℃ and the environmental humidity is 60% during the test, the test sample is the lycopodium clavatum powder, the particle size is 75 microns, the water content is 1%, the mass of the sample is 0.1g, and the dust dispersion pressure is 20 kPa. And putting the sample into the glass container, placing the hollow pipe connected with the tail end of the piezoresistive sensor at the opening of the glass container, starting the test device, and simultaneously starting the sensor to collect and transmit test data.
The step 1: according to the data processing flow shown in fig. 1, the acquired temperature and light intensity data are processed by using a self-adaptive weight algorithm, and test data which almost excludes the influence of external factors are obtained.
Preferentially, data output by the same type of sensor at different distribution positions is acquired, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, each data weight value omega is obtainedi[g]The specific algorithm is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the variance value of each sensor at a certain moment;
preferably, by a weighting factor ωi[g]Calculating a weighted average of the data:
wherein, aiData is measured for the sensor.
The effect of the experimental data processed by the adaptive weighting algorithm is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the test data processed by the adaptive weighting algorithm can effectively avoid the influence of external factors such as the external backlight intensity on the test data.
The step 2: according to the data processing flow shown in fig. 1, the maximum value is extracted, and the maximum value is compared with the lower combustion limit summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Preferably, the temperature and light intensity data are substituted into the probability distribution function, and four different probability distribution function values of two different sensor types are calculated through normalization.
Preferably, the calculation is performed by the formula:
wherein, TX,VXFor various sensor measurements, T0,V0Lower limit of theoretical combustion, T1,V1Is the measurement range of the sensor;
obtaining m1(T)、m2(T)、m1(V) and m2(V) is the probability distribution function value of the temperature and the light intensity, and the calculation result is shown in Table 2.
The step 3: according to the data processing flow shown in fig. 1, the probability distribution function values are combined through a D-S evidence theory, and the obtained combination reliability is shown in table 2.
Furthermore, the probability distribution function values are combined through a D-S evidence theory, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein m is12(A) The combination reliability of the temperature or light intensity data is shown, and K is a normalization factor, and the specific formula is as follows:
TABLE 2
The step 4: the pressure change in the open environment is necessarily accompanied by violent combustion, so if the preliminary decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is fire, the test result is fire; if the initial decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is that the piezoresistive sensor is not on fire, the merging reliability of the temperature data and the light intensity data is compared, and the most reliable initial decision result is selected as the final result of the test. With the observation result of human eyes as a standard, through a large number of experiments, the identification accuracy of the invention is 99.4%, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Y represents that the judgment result is combustion; n indicates that the determination result is unburned.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an open heating furnace combustion state automatic checkout device which characterized in that: the system comprises a combustion detection unit and a multi-sensor data fusion unit;
the combustion detection unit is fixed in the protective cover, is provided with an infrared pyroelectric sensor, a photosensitive sensor and a piezoresistive sensor and is used for detecting temperature, light intensity and pressure changes caused by combustion in the open heating furnace in real time;
the multi-sensor data fusion unit comprises a self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit, a threshold decision unit, a reliability determination unit and a result judgment unit;
the self-adaptive weighting algorithm unit is used for performing weighting processing on data acquired by the sensors of the same type, so that the measurement result deviation caused by different distribution positions of the sensors is avoided;
the threshold decision unit is used for comparing the maximum value of the data with the lower combustion limit summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result;
the reliability determining unit adopts a D-S evidence theory and is used for determining the reliability of the primary decision result;
and the result judging unit judges the result according to the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result.
2. The open heating furnace combustion state automatic detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustion detection unit is fixed by four support columns in the protective cover, and a certain distance is kept between the combustion detection unit and the end face of the protective cover, so that the detection area of the sensor can cover the combustion test area; and a heat insulation pad is arranged at the joint of the combustion detection unit and the support column to insulate high temperature.
3. The open heating furnace combustion state automatic detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the safety cover surface is opened has the light trap that corresponds with infrared pyroelectric sensor, photosensitive sensor, and the pressure drag sensor leads the pressure hollow tube through safety cover surface intercommunication, it extends to open heating furnace top to lead the pressure hollow tube.
4. An open heating furnace combustion state automatic detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring temperature and light intensity data of the open heating furnace, and processing the acquired temperature and light intensity data by using a self-adaptive weight algorithm;
s2: carrying out threshold decision on the temperature, light intensity and pressure data, and substituting the temperature and light intensity data into a probability distribution function for calculation;
s3: merging probability distribution function values through a D-S evidence theory;
s4: and (5) according to the D-S evidence theory, combining the reliability and the pressure data preliminary decision result and judging the result.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S2 includes the steps of:
s2-1, comparing the maximum value with the lower limit of combustion summarized by a large number of tests to obtain a preliminary decision result;
s2-2, substituting the temperature and light intensity data into a probability distribution function for calculation, and calculating four different probability distribution function values of two different sensor types through normalization:
wherein, TX,VXFor various sensor measurements, T0,V0Lower limit of theoretical combustion, T1,V1Is the measurement range of the sensor;
obtaining m1(T)、m2(T)、m1(V) and m2And (V) is the probability distribution function value of the temperature and the light intensity.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S3 is to calculate m12(A)：
Wherein m is12(A) The merging reliability of the temperature or light intensity data, and K is a normalization factor.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S4 is specifically:
if the initial decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is ignition, the test result is ignition;
if the initial decision result of the piezoresistive sensor is that the piezoresistive sensor is not on fire, the merging reliability of the temperature data and the light intensity data is compared, and the most reliable initial decision result is selected as the final result of the test.
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