CN114088313B - Method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient - Google Patents
Method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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Abstract
The method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient comprises the steps of measuring an effective decay constant before the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are not changed, and directly calculating the radon exhalation rate through the effective decay constant. When rainfall or geological conditions change, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change, each measuring period is set to be 2-60 minutes, n measuring periods are 1 group, m groups are continuously measured, m is an even number, the flow rate of the pump is L 1 when the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … m-1 th groups are measured, and the flow rate of the pump is L 2 when the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th … … m groups are measured, wherein the difference between L1 and L 2 is more than 20%; and calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the groups 1 and 2, the data of the groups 3 and 4 and the data of the groups … … m-1 and m through a formula. After the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are changed, the method can still obtain the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant, and improves the calculation accuracy of the radon exhalation rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient.
Background
Radon in the air environment mainly comes from the separation of the surface of the medium, and the radon concentration can be reflected more quickly by measuring the change of the radon separation rate. In researches of earthquakes, geology, volcanoes and the like, the radon precipitation rate can be greatly changed due to the breakage of underground rocks and the like, and the change state of the underground rocks can be obtained rapidly by continuously monitoring the change of the radon precipitation rate. The radon exhalation rate can be continuously measured by the traditional open-loop radon exhalation rate measuring method, but in the traditional open-loop radon exhalation rate measuring method, the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover can be reduced due to the overlarge ventilation flow rate, so that the statistical fluctuation is overlarge; too little flow rate in turn may result in radon exhalation rate measurements that are lower than true radon exhalation rates.
Generally, when the radon exhalation rate is continuously monitored and calculated in the prior art, the radon collecting cover is tightly buckled on the surface of the medium to be measured, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are generally considered to be unchanged in the measuring process as long as the radon collecting cover is not moved. Wherein the effective decay constant comprises a decay constant, a leakage coefficient, and a back diffusion coefficient. For example, chinese patent CN 103777222B discloses a method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate using an open loop of effective decay constant, which includes a measuring process and a calculating process, which is to correct the existing calculating method, and to continuously obtain a more accurate radon exhalation rate by measuring the effective decay constant.
However, in the field measurement process, the actual measurement situation is very complex, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion system cannot be maintained constantly, for example, if rainfall or geological conditions change, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are very likely to change in the measurement process, and the obtained effective decay constant is not suitable for subsequent measurement in the case that rainfall or geological conditions change by using the effective decay constant obtained by the initial measurement in the measurement process by using the method of continuously measuring radon precipitation rate using the open loop of the effective decay constant of the chinese patent CN 103777222B.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, which can obtain accurate radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant even if rainfall or geological conditions change to cause the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient to change in the measuring process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for continuously measuring radon precipitation rate by means of change of leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient is characterized by that the measuring device is formed from radon-collecting cover, air-inlet pipe, connecting pipeline, vacuum meter, pump, air-outlet pipe and flowmeter and radon-measuring instrument, the air-inlet pipe is mounted on the radon-collecting cover and is communicated with inner cavity of radon-collecting cover, one end of connecting pipeline is connected with air outlet of radon-collecting cover, another end is connected with air inlet of radon-measuring instrument measuring chamber, the connecting pipeline is equipped with vacuum meter and pump in turn, the air-outlet pipe is connected with air outlet of radon-measuring instrument measuring chamber, and on the air-outlet pipe a flowmeter is mounted.
The measuring process of the method is as follows: the radon collecting cover with one surface being opened is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, radon in the radon collecting cover is pumped into a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument through a connecting pipeline and a vacuum meter, and then is discharged from an air outlet pipe after passing through a flowmeter, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, and the pump is required to keep constant flow rate when the radon precipitation rate is measured, so that high flow rate cannot occur;
At this time, the change in radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is described by formula (1):
J is the radon exhalation rate of the surface of a medium to be measured, S is the bottom area of a radon collecting cover, V is the volume of the radon collecting cover space, L is the flow rate of a pump, λC is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collecting cover, λ is the decay constant (2.1×10 -6s-1) of radon, C (t) is the radon concentration at the moment of accumulation t in the radon collecting cover, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, λ e is the effective decay constant including the decay constant, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and t is the radon collecting time.
When the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover tends to be constant,The simplification is as follows:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
When (when) The formula (2) is simplified as:
The sufficient condition for the expression (3) to be satisfied is However, the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement does not know the effective decay constant, the excessive pump flow rate can reduce the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, so that the statistical fluctuation is increased, even the radon exhalation rate is increased due to the fact that the radon collecting cover is provided with larger negative pressure, therefore, the effective decay constant is measured before the radon exhalation rate is measured in an open-loop manner, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the effective decay constant is measured by the following method:
Firstly, measuring radon exhalation rate under the preset flow rate L 1 of the radon measuring instrument, wherein the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover when the flow rate is L 1 is as follows:
CL1(t)＝JS/(L1+Vλeff) (4)
Wherein L 1 is the flow rate at which C L1 (t) is the radon concentration in the radon collecting hood;
From formula (3):
J L1 is a radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 1.
Then the flow rate of the pump is reduced to obtain radon exhalation rate at the flow rate of L 2, if the radon exhalation rate measured value at the moment is not greatly different from the radon exhalation rate measured value at the flow rate of L 1, the flow rate is continuously reduced until no less than 20% difference occurs, and at the flow rate of L 2, the radon exhalation rate is as follows:
J L2 is the radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 2;
Obtaining a value of an effective decay constant according to equation (7);
since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is calculated directly using equation (5) or (6), and is not required
Adjusting the flow rate of the pump based on the measured value of the effective decay constant such thatThen the radon exhalation rate is obtained by calculation of the formula (3). When rainfall or geological conditions change, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change in the measurement process, the measurement process is changed as follows:
Setting each measuring period to be 2-60 minutes, setting n measuring periods to be 1 group, continuously measuring m groups, wherein m is an even number, when the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … th m-1 th groups are measured, the flow rate of the pump is L 1, and when the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th and … … th m groups are measured, the flow rate of the pump is L 2, wherein the difference between L 1 and L 2 is more than 20%.
In each group of measurement, 1-3 measurement data are discarded because the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is not stable;
Calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 1 st and 2 nd groups through formulas (1) - (7);
calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 3 rd and 4 th groups through formulas (1) - (7);
calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 5 th and 6 th groups through formulas (1) - (7);
......
and calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the m-1 and m groups through formulas (1) - (7).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the measuring method and the calculating method provided by the invention are simple, the measuring precision is high, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are changed in the measuring process when rainfall or geological conditions are changed, and the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be obtained.
The detailed structure of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the variation of radon concentration in a radon collection cover.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient comprises a radon collecting cover 1, an air inlet pipe 2, a connecting pipeline 3, a vacuum meter 4, a pump 5, an air outlet pipe 6, a flowmeter 7 and a radon measuring instrument 8, wherein the air inlet pipe 2 is arranged on the radon collecting cover 1 and is communicated with an inner cavity of the radon collecting cover 1, one end of the connecting pipeline 3 is connected with an air outlet of the radon collecting cover 1, the other end of the connecting pipeline 3 is connected with an air inlet of a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8, the vacuum meter 4 and the pump 5 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline 3, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with the air outlet of the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8, and the flowmeter 7 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 6.
The specific measurement process is as follows: firstly, a radon collecting cover 1 with an opening on one surface is buckled on the surface of a medium 9 to be measured, and radon atoms in the medium 9 to be measured enter a collecting chamber of the radon collecting cover 1 due to the fact that the radon atoms in the medium 9 to be measured escape from the surface under the action of diffusion and seepage, so that the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is changed. The pump 5 pumps clean air from the outside through the inlet pipe 2 to the radon collecting hood 1 at a constant flow rate, typically with a radon concentration of about several Bq/m3, approximately zero, in the clean air outside.
Then pumping radon in the radon collecting cover 1 into a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8 through the connecting pipeline 3 and the vacuum meter 4, and discharging from the air outlet pipe 6 after passing through the flowmeter 7, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8 is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1. The pump 5 is kept at a constant flow rate when the radon exhalation rate is measured, and a high flow rate cannot occur because the high flow rate causes negative pressure to be formed in the radon collection cover 1, so that the radon exhalation rate becomes large.
At this time, the change in radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is described by the formula (1):
Wherein J is the radon precipitation rate of the surface of the medium 9 to be detected, S is the bottom area of the radon collecting cover 1, V is the space volume of the radon collecting cover 1, L is the flow rate of the pump 5, λC is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collecting cover 1, λ is the decay constant (2.1×10 -6s-1) of radon, C (t) is the radon concentration at the moment of accumulation t in the radon collecting cover 1, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, λ e is the effective decay constant including the decay constant, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and t is the radon collecting time.
When the radon concentration in the radon collecting cap 1 tends to be constant,The simplification is as follows:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
When (when) The simplification is as follows:
the radon exhalation rate can be obtained rapidly by using the formula (3).
The sufficient condition for the expression (3) to be satisfied isHowever, the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement does not know the effective decay constant lambda e, and too high pump flow rate can lead to the reduction of radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1, the increase of statistical fluctuation and even the increase of radon exhalation rate caused by the occurrence of larger negative pressure in the radon collecting cover 1. Therefore, before the radon exhalation rate is measured in an open loop manner, the effective decay constant is measured, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the measuring method of the effective decay constant is as follows:
Firstly, measuring radon exhalation rate under the preset flow rate L 1 of the radon measuring instrument 8, and when the flow rate is L 1, the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is as follows:
CL1(t)＝JS/(L1+Vλeff) (4)
Where L 1 is the flow rate at which C L1 (t) is the radon concentration in radon collecting hood 1.
From formula (3):
J L1 is a radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 1.
Then the flow rate of the pump 5 is reduced to obtain the radon exhalation rate at the flow rate L 2, if the radon exhalation rate measured value at the moment is not greatly different from the radon exhalation rate measured value at the flow rate L 1, the flow rate is continuously reduced until no less than 20% difference occurs, and at the flow rate L 2, the radon exhalation rate is as follows:
j L2 is a radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 2.
The value of the effective decay constant is obtained according to equation (7).
Since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is calculated directly using equation (5) or (6), and is not required
Based on the measured value of the effective decay constant, the flow rate of the pump 5 is adjusted such thatThen the radon exhalation rate is obtained by calculation of the formula (3).
When rainfall or geological conditions change, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change in the measurement process, the measurement process is changed as follows:
Each measuring period is 2-60 minutes, n measuring periods are 1 group, m groups are continuously measured, m is an even number, and 1, 3 and 5 … … are measured, wherein the flow rate of the pump 5 is L 1; the flow rate of pump 5 was L 2 when measured in groups 2, 4, 6 … …, where L 1 differs from L 2 by more than 20%.
In each set of measurements, the first 1-3 measurements were discarded as the radon concentration in radon collecting hood 1 did not stabilize. In this embodiment, m=6.
And calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the groups 1 and 2 through formulas (1) - (7).
And calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 3 and 4 groups through formulas (1) - (7).
And calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 5 and 6 groups through formulas (1) - (7).
Thus, even if rainfall or geological conditions change, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change in the measuring process, the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be obtained.
To verify the effectiveness of this method, the following comparative tests were performed:
In the comparative test, the radon exhalation rate of the soil surface is 1Bqm -2s-1, the opening area of the radon collecting cover 1 is 900cm 2, the volume of the radon collecting cover 1 is 9 liters, the flow rate of the pump 5 is 1 liter per minute, and the effective decay constant is 0.0001S -1.
Assuming L/v=0.002, it is necessary to satisfy CN 103777222B "method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by open loop type with effective decay constant" in the continuous measurement processIs solved according to formula (1):
The change diagram of the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is simulated according to the formula (8) as shown in figure 2.
From FIG. 2, it is seen that the radon concentration tends to be 5123Bq/m 3 at steady state, and then the measured effective decay constant value is substituted into formula (3), so that the change of radon exhalation rate can be continuously and accurately monitored according to the change of radon concentration in radon collecting hood 1.
Assuming that the effective decay constant becomes 0.001S -1 due to rainfall or geological conditions at 120 minutes, the effective decay constant already does not meet the condition that L/V is not less than 10λ e required in the continuous measurement process of CN 103777222B, a method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by using an open loop of the effective decay constant, due to L/v=0.002S -1. Under the condition that the radon exhalation rate is unchanged, the steady state to which the radon concentration is reduced after 120 minutes is calculated to be 3506Bq/m 3 by using the method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by utilizing the change of the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient.
It is understood that if the effective decay constant measured before the raining or the change of the geological condition is still used and is used for the case after 120 minutes, substituting formula (3), the result obtained by continuously monitoring the radon exhalation rate according to the change of the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is 0.65Bq m -2s-1, and an error exceeding 30% occurs.
Claims (1)
1. The method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient comprises the following steps that a measuring device is adopted, the measuring device comprises a radon collecting cover, an air inlet pipe, a connecting pipeline, a vacuum meter, a pump, an air outlet pipe and a flowmeter and radon measuring instrument, the air inlet pipe is arranged on the radon collecting cover and is communicated with an inner cavity of the radon collecting cover, one end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the radon collecting cover, the other end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air inlet of a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, the connecting pipeline is sequentially provided with the vacuum meter and the pump, the air outlet pipe is connected with an air outlet of the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, and a flowmeter is arranged on the air outlet pipe;
The measurement process is as follows: the radon collecting cover with one surface being opened is buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, radon in the radon collecting cover is pumped into a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument through a connecting pipeline and a vacuum meter, and then is discharged from an air outlet pipe after passing through a flowmeter, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, and the pump is required to keep constant flow rate when the radon precipitation rate is measured, so that high flow rate cannot occur;
At this time, the change in radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is described by formula (1):
J is the radon exhalation rate of the surface of a medium to be measured, S is the bottom area of a radon collecting cover, V is the volume of a radon collecting cover space, L is the flow rate of a pump, λC is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collecting cover, λ is the decay constant (2.1×10 -6s-1) of radon, C (t) is the radon concentration at the moment of accumulation t in the radon collecting cover, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, λ e is the effective decay constant including the decay constant, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and t is the radon collecting time;
When the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover tends to be constant, The formula (1) is simplified as:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
When (when) The formula (2) is simplified as:
The sufficient condition for the expression (3) to be satisfied is However, the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement does not know the effective decay constant, the excessive pump flow rate can reduce the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover, so that the statistical fluctuation is increased, even the radon exhalation rate is increased due to the fact that the radon collecting cover is provided with larger negative pressure, therefore, the effective decay constant is measured before the radon exhalation rate is measured in an open-loop manner, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the effective decay constant is measured by the following method:
Firstly, measuring radon exhalation rate under the preset flow rate L 1 of the radon measuring instrument, wherein the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover when the flow rate is L 1 is as follows:
Where L 1 is the flow rate, Is the radon concentration in the radon collection housing at that flow rate;
From formula (3):
Is a radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 1;
Then the flow rate of the pump is reduced to obtain radon exhalation rate at the flow rate of L 2, if the radon exhalation rate measured value at the moment is not greatly different from the radon exhalation rate measured value at the flow rate of L 1, the flow rate is continuously reduced until no less than 20% difference occurs, and at the flow rate of L 2, the radon exhalation rate is as follows:
is a radon exhalation rate measurement at a flow rate of L 2;
Obtaining a value of an effective decay constant according to equation (7);
since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is calculated directly using equation (5) or (6), and is not required
Adjusting the flow rate of the pump based on the measured value of the effective decay constant such thatThen, calculating by using a formula (3) to obtain radon exhalation rate;
The method is characterized in that: when rainfall or geological conditions change, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change in the measurement process, the measurement process is changed as follows:
Setting each measuring period to be 2-60 minutes, setting n measuring periods to be 1 group, continuously measuring m groups, wherein m is an even number, the flow rate of the pump is L 1 when the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … th m-1 th groups are measured, and the flow rate of the pump is L 2 when the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th … … m groups are measured, wherein the difference between L 1 and L 2 is more than 20%;
In each group of measurement, 1-3 measurement data are discarded because the radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is not stable;
Calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 1 st and 2 nd groups through formulas (1) - (7);
calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 3 rd and 4 th groups through formulas (1) - (7);
calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the 5 th and 6 th groups through formulas (1) - (7);
......
and calculating radon exhalation rate and effective decay constant by using the data of the m-1 and m groups through formulas (1) - (7).
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