CN114088313A - Method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and anti-diffusion coefficient - Google Patents
Method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and anti-diffusion coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
Abstract
The method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by the change of the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient comprises the steps of measuring an effective decay constant before the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient are not changed, and directly calculating through the effective decay constant to obtain the radon exhalation rate. When rainfall or geological conditions change and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change, setting each measuring period to be 2-60 minutes, setting n measuring periods to be 1 group, continuously measuring m groups, wherein m is an even number, and setting the flow rate of the pump to be L when the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … th groups measure1The flow rate of the pump was L when measured in groups 2, 4 and 6 … … m2Wherein L1 and L2The difference is more than 20%; and calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the groups 1 and 2, the data of the groups 3 and 4 and the data of the groups … … m-1 and m through a formula. The method can obtain accurate radon exhalation rate and effective decay after the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient are changedAnd the constant is changed, so that the calculation precision of the radon exhalation rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear radiation detection technology, in particular to a method for measuring radon exhalation rate by the change of a leakage coefficient and an anti-diffusion coefficient.
Background
Radon in the air environment mainly comes from precipitation on the surface of the medium, and the change of the radon precipitation rate can be measured to more quickly reflect the change of the radon concentration. In the researches of earthquake, geology, volcano and the like, the exhalation rate of radon can be greatly changed due to the breakage of underground rocks and the like, and the change state of the underground rocks can be quickly obtained by continuously monitoring the change of the exhalation rate of radon. The traditional open-loop radon exhalation rate measuring method can continuously measure the radon exhalation rate, but in the traditional open-loop radon exhalation rate measuring method, the radon concentration in the radon collection cover can be reduced by an excessively large air exchange flow rate, so that the statistical fluctuation is excessively large; too small a flow rate in turn results in a radon exhalation rate measurement that is lower than the true radon exhalation rate.
Generally, when the radon exhalation rate is continuously monitored and calculated in the prior art, a radon collection cover is tightly buckled on the surface of a medium to be measured, and as long as the radon collection cover is not moved, the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient are generally considered not to be changed in the measurement process. The effective decay constant includes, among other things, the decay constant, the leakage coefficient, and the back-diffusion coefficient. For example, chinese patent CN 103777222B discloses a method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate in an open loop manner by using an effective decay constant, which comprises a measurement process and a calculation process, wherein the more accurate radon exhalation rate is continuously obtained by measuring the effective decay constant by correcting the existing calculation method.
However, in the field measurement process, the actual measurement condition is very complicated and cannot be maintained under the condition that the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient are not constant all the time, for example, if rainfall or geological conditions change, the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient are likely to change in the measurement process, and at this time, the effective decay constant obtained by the initial measurement is not suitable for the subsequent measurement when the rainfall or geological conditions change by using the effective decay constant obtained by the initial measurement in the measurement process of the method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by using the effective decay constant open-loop method of chinese patent CN 103777222B.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by changing the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient, so that even if the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient are changed in the measuring process due to rainfall or geological conditions, the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by the change of the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient adopts a measuring device which consists of a radon collecting cover, an air inlet pipe, a connecting pipeline, a vacuum meter, a pump, an air outlet pipe, a flowmeter and a radon measuring instrument, wherein the air inlet pipe is arranged on the radon collecting cover and is communicated with the inner cavity of the radon collecting cover, one end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the radon collecting cover, the other end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air inlet of a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, the vacuum meter and the pump are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline, the air outlet pipe is connected with an air outlet of the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, and the flowmeter is arranged on the air outlet pipe.
The measuring process of the method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of buckling a radon collection cover with an opening on the surface of a medium to be measured, pumping radon in the radon collection cover into a measurement chamber of a radon meter through a connecting pipeline and a vacuum meter, and discharging the radon from an air outlet pipe after passing through a flowmeter, so that the radon concentration in the measurement chamber of the radon meter is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover, and a pump is required to keep a constant flow rate during measuring the radon exhalation rate, and a high flow rate cannot occur;
at this time, the change of radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is described by formula (1):
j is the exhalation rate of radon on the surface of the measured medium, S is the bottom area of the radon collecting cover, V is the space volume of the radon collecting cover, L is the flow rate of the pump, lambda C is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collecting cover, and lambda is the decay constant of radon (2.1X 10)-6s-1) C (t) is the radon concentration at the time of accumulating t in the radon collecting cover, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and lambdaeIs the effective decay constant, including decay constant, leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient, and t is the radon collecting time.
When the radon concentration in the radon collection cover tends to be constant,
the method is simplified as follows:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
when in use
Formula (2) is simplified as:
a sufficient condition for the establishment of the formula (3) is
However, the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement does not know the size of an effective decay constant, too high pump flow rate can cause the radon concentration in the radon collection cover to be reduced, thereby causing the increase of statistical fluctuation, even causing the radon exhalation rate to be increased due to larger negative pressure in the radon collection cover, therefore, before the open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement, the effective decay constant is measured first, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the measurement method of the effective decay constant is as follows:
firstly, the preset flow rate L of the emanometer is measured1Measuring the radon exhalation rate at a flow rate L1Radon concentration in time-collecting radon shieldComprises the following steps:
CL1(t)＝JS/(L1+Vλeff) (4)
in the formula L1Is the flow rate, CL1(t) is the radon concentration within the radon collection enclosure at the flow rate;
according to the formula (3):
JL1is a flow rate of L1A measure of radon exhalation rate.
The pump flow rate is then reduced to give a flow rate L2The radon exhalation rate is measured and the flow rate is L1Continuously reducing the flow rate until the difference is not less than 20% when the radon exhalation rate measurement value is not greatly different, and the flow rate is L2In time, there are:
JL2is a flow rate of L2A measured radon exhalation rate in time;
obtaining a value of an effective decay constant according to equation (7);
since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated by using the formula (5) or (6), and the radon exhalation rate is not required to be calculated
Adjusting the flow rate of the pump in accordance with the measured value of the effective decay constant such that
And then calculating by using the formula (3) to obtain the radon exhalation rate. When rainfall occurs orWhen the geological condition changes, which causes the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient to change in the measuring process, the measuring process is changed as follows:
setting each measuring period to be 2-60 minutes, setting n measuring periods to be 1 group, continuously measuring m groups, wherein m is even number, and setting the flow rate of the pump to be L when measuring the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … th m-1 th groups1The flow rate of the pump was L when measured in groups 2, 4 and 6 … … m2Wherein L is1And L2The difference is more than 20%.
In each group of measurement, the first 1-3 measurement data are abandoned because the radon concentration in the radon collection cover does not reach stability;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the groups 1 and 2;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the 3 rd and 4 th groups;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the 5 th and the 6 th groups;
......
and (4) calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the (m-1) th group and the (m) th group through formulas (1) to (7).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
the measuring method and the calculating method provided by the invention are simple, the measuring precision is high, the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient change in the measuring process when rainfall or geological conditions change, and the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be obtained.
The detailed structure of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of radon concentration in the radon collecting cover.
Detailed Description
The embodiment discloses a method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by changing leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient, wherein a measuring device of the method comprises a radon collection cover 1, an air inlet pipe 2, a connecting pipe 3, a vacuum meter 4, a pump 5, an air outlet pipe 6, a flow meter 7 and a radon measuring instrument 8, wherein the air inlet pipe 2 is arranged on the radon collection cover 1 and is communicated with an inner cavity of the radon collection cover 1, one end of the connecting pipe 3 is connected with an air outlet of the radon collection cover 1, the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with an air inlet of a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8, the vacuum meter 4 and the pump 5 are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipe 3, the air outlet pipe 6 is connected with an air outlet of the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8, and the flow meter 7 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 6.
The specific measurement process is as follows: firstly, the radon collection cover 1 with an opening on one side is buckled on the surface of a medium to be detected 9, and radon atoms in the medium to be detected 9 escape from the surface and enter a collection chamber of the radon collection cover 1 under the action of diffusion and seepage, so that the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1 is changed. The pump 5 pumps clean air from the outside into the radon collection hood 1 through the inlet pipe 2 at a constant flow rate, and the radon concentration in the outdoor clean air is about several Bq/m3, which is approximately zero.
Then, the radon in the radon collection cover 1 is pumped into a measuring chamber of a radon measuring instrument 8 through a connecting pipeline 3 and a vacuum meter 4, and then is discharged from an air outlet pipe 6 after passing through a flowmeter 7, so that the radon concentration in the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument 8 is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1. When the radon exhalation rate is measured, the pump 5 needs to keep a constant flow rate, and a high flow rate cannot occur because the high flow rate can cause negative pressure to be formed in the radon collection cover 1, so that the radon exhalation rate is increased.
At this time, the change of radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is described by formula (1):
wherein J is the exhalation rate of radon on the surface of the medium to be detected 9, S is the bottom area of the radon collection cover 1, V is the space volume of the radon collection cover 1, L is the flow rate of the pump 5, lambda C is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collection cover 1, and lambda is the decay constant (2.1 x 10) of radon-6s-1) C (t) is the radon concentration at the moment of accumulating t in the radon collecting cover 1, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and lambdaeIs the effective decay constant, including decay constant, leakage coefficient and back diffusion coefficient, and t is the radon collecting time.
When the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1 tends to be constant,
the method is simplified as follows:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
when in use
The method is simplified as follows:
the radon exhalation rate can be rapidly obtained by using the formula (3).
A sufficient condition for the establishment of the formula (3) is
However, the effective decay constant lambda is unknown in the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurementeToo high pump flow rate can lead to the reduction of radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1, the increase of statistical fluctuation, and even the increase of radon exhalation rate due to the larger negative pressure in the radon collection cover 1. Therefore, before the open-loop radon exhalation rate is measured, the effective decay constant is measured, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the method for measuring the effective decay constant is as follows:
firstly, the preset flow rate L of the emanometer 8 is measured1Measuring the radon exhalation rate at a flow rate L1The radon concentration in the radon collecting cover 1 is as follows:
CL1(t)＝JS/(L1+Vλeff) (4)
in the formula L1Is the flow rate, CL1(t) is the radon concentration within the radon collection cage 1 at this flow rate.
According to the formula (3):
JL1is a flow rate of L1A measure of radon exhalation rate.
The flow rate of the pump 5 is then reduced to give a flow rate L2The radon exhalation rate is measured and the flow rate is L1Continuously reducing the flow rate until the difference is not less than 20% when the radon exhalation rate measurement value is not greatly different, and the flow rate is L2In time, there are:
JL2is a flow rate of L2A measure of radon exhalation rate.
The value of the effective decay constant is obtained according to equation (7).
Since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated by using the formula (5) or (6), and the radon exhalation rate is not required to be calculated
According to the measured value of the effective decay constant, the flow rate of the pump 5 is adjusted such that
And then calculating by using the formula (3) to obtain the radon exhalation rate.
When rainfall or geological conditions change, which causes the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient to change in the measuring process, the measuring process is changed as follows:
each measuring period is 2-60 minutes, n measuring periods are 1 group, m groups are continuously measured, m is even number, and the flow rate of the pump 5 is L when the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th groups 5 … … are measured1(ii) a The flow rate of the pump 5 is L when measured in groups 2, 4 and 6 … …2Wherein L is1And L2The difference is more than 20%.
In each group of measurement, the first 1-3 measurement data are abandoned because the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1 does not reach stability. In the present embodiment, m is 6.
And (4) calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the groups 1 and 2 through formulas (1) to (7).
And calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the 3 and 4 groups through formulas (1) to (7).
And calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the 5 and 6 groups through formulas (1) to (7).
Therefore, even if rainfall or geological conditions change, and the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient change in the measuring process, the accurate radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant can be obtained.
To verify the effectiveness of the method, the following comparative tests were carried out:
in this comparative experiment, the radon exhalation rate on the soil surface is set to 1Bqm-2s-1The opening area of the radon collecting cover 1 is 900cm2The volume of the radon collecting cover 1 is 9 liters, the flow rate of the pump 5 is 1 liter per minute, and the effective decay constant is 0.0001S-1。
Assuming that L/V is 0.002, CN 103777222B "method for open-loop continuous measurement of radon exhalation rate by using effective decay constant" is satisfied
According to formula (1) to obtain:
a graph for simulating the change of radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1 according to the formula (8) is shown in FIG. 2.
As seen from FIG. 2, the radon concentration tends to be in a steady state of 5123Bq/m3And then, the formula (3) is substituted by the measured effective decay constant value, so that the change of the exhalation rate of radon can be continuously and accurately monitored according to the change of the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1.
Suppose to be at 120 pointsThe clock time changes due to rainfall or geological conditions, so that the effective decay constant becomes 0.001S-1Then, since L/V is 0.002S-1The effective decay constant does not satisfy CN 103777222B method for continuously measuring radon exhalation rate by using effective decay constant open loop type, and L/V is more than or equal to 10 lambdaeThe conditions of (1). Under the condition that the radon exhalation rate is not changed, the method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by using the change of the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient calculates that the steady state of the radon concentration reduced to 3506Bq/m after 120 minutes is3。
It can be seen that if the effective decay constant measured before the rain or the geological condition changes is used and the effective decay constant is used for the condition after 120 minutes, formula (3) is used, the result of continuously monitoring the exhalation rate of radon according to the change of the radon concentration in the radon collection cover 1 is 0.65Bq m-2s-1Errors in excess of 30% may occur.
Claims (1)
1. The method for continuously measuring the radon exhalation rate by the change of the leakage coefficient and the inverse diffusion coefficient comprises a measuring device, a measuring device and a measuring device, wherein the measuring device is composed of a radon collecting cover, an air inlet pipe, a connecting pipeline, a vacuum meter, a pump, an air outlet pipe, a flowmeter and a radon measuring instrument, the air inlet pipe is arranged on the radon collecting cover and is communicated with the inner cavity of the radon collecting cover, one end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air outlet of the radon collecting cover, the other end of the connecting pipeline is connected with an air inlet of a measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, the vacuum meter and the pump are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline, the air outlet pipe is connected with an air outlet of the measuring chamber of the radon measuring instrument, and the flowmeter is arranged on the air outlet pipe;
the measurement process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of buckling a radon collection cover with an opening on the surface of a medium to be measured, pumping radon in the radon collection cover into a measurement chamber of a radon meter through a connecting pipeline and a vacuum meter, and discharging the radon from an air outlet pipe after passing through a flowmeter, so that the radon concentration in the measurement chamber of the radon meter is balanced with the radon concentration in the radon collection cover, and a pump is required to keep a constant flow rate during measuring the radon exhalation rate, and a high flow rate cannot occur;
at this time, the change of radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is described by formula (1):
j is the exhalation rate of radon on the surface of the measured medium, S is the bottom area of the radon collecting cover, V is the space volume of the radon collecting cover, L is the flow rate of the pump, lambda C is the radon concentration change caused by the decay of radon in the radon collecting cover, and lambda is the decay constant of radon (2.1X 10)-6s-1) C (t) is the radon concentration at the time of accumulating t in the radon collecting cover, R is the leakage coefficient and the back diffusion coefficient, and lambdaeIs an effective decay constant comprising a decay constant, a leakage coefficient and a back diffusion coefficient, and t is radon collecting time;
when the radon concentration in the radon collection cover tends to be constant,
formula (1) is simplified as:
C(t)＝JS/(L+Vλe) (2)
when in use
Formula (2) is simplified as:
a sufficient condition for the establishment of the formula (3) is
However, the existing open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement does not know the size of an effective decay constant, too high pump flow rate can cause the radon concentration in the radon collection cover to be reduced, thereby causing the increase of statistical fluctuation, even causing the radon exhalation rate to be increased due to larger negative pressure in the radon collection cover, therefore, before the open-loop radon exhalation rate measurement, the effective decay constant is measured first, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated through the effective decay constant, and the measurement method of the effective decay constant is as follows:
firstly, the preset flow rate L of the emanometer is measured1Measuring the radon exhalation rate and the flow rateIs L1The radon concentration in the radon collecting cover is as follows:
in the formula L1Is the flow rate of the liquid to be measured,
is the radon concentration in the radon collection shield at that flow rate;
according to the formula (3):
the pump flow rate is then reduced to give a flow rate L2The radon exhalation rate is measured and the flow rate is L1Continuously reducing the flow rate until the difference is not less than 20% when the radon exhalation rate measurement value is not greatly different, and the flow rate is L2In time, there are:
obtaining a value of an effective decay constant according to equation (7);
since the value of the effective decay constant is known, the radon exhalation rate is directly calculated by using the formula (5) or (6), and the radon exhalation rate is not required to be calculated
Adjusting the flow rate of the pump in accordance with the measured value of the effective decay constant such that
Calculating by using the formula (3) to obtain the radon exhalation rate;
the method is characterized in that: when rainfall or geological conditions change, which causes the leakage coefficient and the anti-diffusion coefficient to change in the measuring process, the measuring process is changed as follows:
setting each measuring period to be 2-60 minutes, setting n measuring periods to be 1 group, continuously measuring m groups, wherein m is even number, and setting the flow rate of the pump to be L when measuring the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and … … th m-1 th groups1The flow rate of the pump was L when measured in groups 2, 4 and 6 … … m2Wherein L is1And L2The difference is more than 20%;
in each group of measurement, the first 1-3 measurement data are abandoned because the radon concentration in the radon collection cover does not reach stability;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the groups 1 and 2;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the 3 rd and 4 th groups;
calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by formulas (1) to (7) by using the data of the 5 th and the 6 th groups;
......
and (4) calculating the radon exhalation rate and the effective decay constant by using the data of the (m-1) th group and the (m) th group through formulas (1) to (7).
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