CN103018765B - Method for synchronously measuring concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing low-pressure single scintillation chamber - Google Patents
Method for synchronously measuring concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing low-pressure single scintillation chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN103018765B CN103018765B CN201210475598.0A CN201210475598A CN103018765B CN 103018765 B CN103018765 B CN 103018765B CN 201210475598 A CN201210475598 A CN 201210475598A CN 103018765 B CN103018765 B CN 103018765B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for synchronously measuring concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing a low-pressure single scintillation chamber, which comprises the specific steps of: opening a first electromagnetic valve and a second electromagnetic valve in a measuring system, opening a sampling pump, and flowing air including 222Rn and 220Rn in the loop of the measuring system at a certain flow velocity for 5-20 minutes, so that 222Rn and 220Rn in the low-pressure single scintillation chamber and 222Rn and 220Rn in the measurement environment are balanced; after filtering daughters of air including 222Rn and 220Rn through a high-efficiency filter at a certain flow velocity, entering the air into the low-pressure single scintillation chamber; adjusting air pressure in the low-pressure single scintillation chamber through an adjusting valve in the measuring system, so that the range of an alpha particle decayed and discharged by 222Rn is more than the maximum distance between any two points in the scintillation chamber; and synchronously closing the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve after sampling for 2-20 minutes, simultaneously, closing the sampling pump, keeping the air pressure in the low-pressure single scintillation chamber constant at this time, then, beginning to measure, and obtaining concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing measured counts according to the radioactive decay law.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nuclear radiation detection technology, particularly a kind of low pressure list scintillation chamber pair that utilizes
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration synchro measure.
Background technology
In environment
222rn is the main source of the suffered natural radiation of the mankind, in recent years, and to environment
220the interest of Rn Survey of level is obvious ascendant trend, and investigation is found in some environment
220rn concentration is higher, and in China's soil
232the content of Th and world's average are obvious higher.The current scintillation chamber's synchro measure that utilizes
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration all needs complicated experiment or calculates scintillation chamber pair
220the calibration factor of Rn and scintillation chamber all need to measure background before measurement, and described background does not refer to and introduces and contain from external environment
222rn,
220the counting of the unit interval of scintillation chamber during the air sample of Rn.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to disclose a kind of low pressure list scintillation chamber pair that utilizes
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration synchro measure.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of low pressure list scintillation chamber pair that utilizes
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration synchro measure, its concrete steps are as follows:
Open the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve in measuring system, open sampling pump, will contain
222rn,
220the air of Rn, with certain flow velocity mobile 5-20min in measuring system loop, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn flows into from the draft tube of flowmeter, discharges, thereby make in low pressure list scintillation chamber from the gas outlet of sampling pump
222rn,
220in Rn gas and measurement environment
222rn,
220rn gas reaches balance, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn enters low pressure list scintillation chamber with certain flow velocity after high efficiency particulate air filter filters out daughter.Because sampling pump flow rate is larger, the variable valve by measuring system regulates the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber, makes air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber lower than an atmospheric pressure.Suppose that any point in low pressure list scintillation chamber is L to the scintillator zinc sulphide surface ultimate range of the inside surface coating of scintillation chamber, reduce the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber,
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has different energy, and corresponding range is also different.Wherein
222the alpha-particle energy that Rn decay is emitted is minimum, and range is also minimum.Adjustable pressure makes
222α particle range under this air pressure that Rn decay is emitted is greater than L, makes like this low pressure list scintillation chamber under low pressure right
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has identical detection efficiency.Detection efficiency represents by two kinds of methods, and a kind of is an average alpha-decay, can measure
individual counting, uses
represent detection efficiency; Another kind is average K alpha-decay, can measure 1 counting, with K, represents detection efficiency.In the present invention, use
represent detection efficiency.
Sample after 2-20 minute, close synchronously the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are closed sampling pump simultaneously, and now the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber remains unchanged, and then start to measure, and utilize the counting measuring to obtain according to Law of radioactive decay
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
In sampling, finish and measure the moment starting, being located in low pressure list scintillation chamber
222rn and daughter RaA thereof (
218po), RaB (
214pb), RaC (
214bi) activity is respectively
,
,
,
; Disintegration constant is respectively
,
,
,
.Due to RaC ' (
214po) half life period only has 164 μ s, and its half life period is very short, so people are often summed up as the radioactivity of RaC ' radioactivity of RaC.Due to ThA (
216po) half life period very short, with
220rn reaches balance very soon, is located in low pressure list scintillation chamber
220rn and daughter ThA thereof (
216po) activity is
,
220rn disintegration constant is
, background activity is A
0, do not consider other long-life daughters, according to Law of radioactive decay, have:
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）
（7）
After formula (2), (3), (4) are solved, obtain total alpha activity activity over time rule be:
（8）
Because low pressure list scintillation chamber is identical to the alpha-particle detection efficiency of different-energy, be all
, have
（9）
the counting measuring for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism is rule over time.
Adopt the method for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism measurement count to have two kinds:
A, short time interval measurement: the Measuring Time T of each measuring period is 1-5 minute, measuring period, quantity was more than or equal to 6, being counted as of each measuring period
, i is measuring period.
The computing method that the short time interval T of take is measuring period have two kinds:
A, according to the counting of i measuring period
try to achieve the average counter of the unit interval of i measuring period, this average counter with this measuring period mid point the pass of totalαradioactivity activity be:
（10）
Utilize formula (10) right
data carry out nonlinear fitting, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn:
(11)
In formula
for
222the concentration of Rn; V is the volume of low pressure list scintillation chamber; P is the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber; P
0for ambient pressure.
(12)
In formula
for
220the concentration of Rn.
B, ask the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period:
（13）
In formula
totalαradioactivity activity.According to formula (8), obtain:
(14)
In formula
the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period.
Application least square method solves, and introduces residual error
:
（15）
W in formula
ibe the weight factor of i counting section, the introducing of weight factor is to consider the error effect of the counting statistics error difference of each measuring period to fitting result.
According to principle of least square method, make residual error
get minimum value, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
B, long-time interval measurement: the measurement time t of each measuring period
1, t
2, t
3, t
4, t
5, t
6be respectively 5-60 minute, be 6 measuring period, and the counting of six measuring periods is respectively
,
,
,
,
,
.
（16）
（17）
（18）
（19）
（20）
（21）
Formula (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21) are solved, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
The measuring system that said method adopts by flowmeter, sampling pump, the first solenoid valve, vacuum meter, low pressure list scintillation chamber, the second solenoid valve,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator, variable valve and scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism form.By pipeline successively by flowmeter, sampling pump, the first solenoid valve, vacuum meter, low pressure list scintillation chamber, the second solenoid valve,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator and variable valve are together in series and form a measuring circuit, wherein: one end of sampling pump is connected with one end of the first solenoid valve by pipeline, the other end of the first solenoid valve is connected with one end of vacuum meter by pipeline, the other end of vacuum meter is connected with one end of low pressure list scintillation chamber by pipeline, the other end of low pressure list scintillation chamber is connected with one end of the second solenoid valve by pipeline, the other end of the second solenoid valve by pipeline with
222rn,
220one end of Rn daughter filtrator connects,
222rn,
220the other end of Rn daughter filtrator is connected with one end of variable valve by pipeline, and the other end of variable valve is connected with one end of flowmeter by pipeline.
The present invention compared with prior art has following features:
Utilize low pressure list scintillation chamber pair
222rn,
220measuring system that the method for Rn concentration synchro measure adopts is simple, Measuring Time is short and easily realize robotization, especially the method does not need to measure background before measurement, can reduce and measure setup time.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is measuring system schematic diagram of the present invention, and the P1 in figure represents air inlet, and P2 represents to give vent to anger.
Embodiment
A kind of low pressure list scintillation chamber pair that utilizes
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration synchro measure, its concrete steps are as follows:
Open the first solenoid valve 3 and the second solenoid valve 6 in measuring system, open sampling pump 2, will contain
222rn,
220the air of Rn, with certain flow velocity mobile 5-20min in measuring system loop, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn flows into from the draft tube of flowmeter 1, discharges, thereby make in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 from the gas outlet of sampling pump 2
222rn,
220in Rn gas and environment
222rn,
220rn gas reaches balance, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn enters low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 after high efficiency particulate air filter 7 filters out daughter with certain flow velocity.Because sampling pump 2 flow rates are larger, the air pressure that the variable valve 8 by measuring system regulates in low pressure list scintillation chambers 5, makes air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 lower than an atmospheric pressure.Suppose that low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 interior any point are L to the scintillator zinc sulphide surface ultimate range of the inside surface coating of scintillation chamber, reduce the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5,
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has different energy, and corresponding range is also different.Wherein
222the alpha-particle energy that Rn decay is emitted is minimum, and range is also minimum.Adjustable pressure makes
222α particle range under this air pressure that Rn decay is emitted is greater than L, makes like this low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 under low pressure right
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has identical detection efficiency.Detection efficiency represents by two kinds of methods, and a kind of is an average alpha-decay, can measure
individual counting, uses
represent detection efficiency; Another kind is average K alpha-decay, can measure 1 counting, with K, represents detection efficiency.In the present invention, use
represent detection efficiency.
Sample after 2-20 minute, close synchronously the first solenoid valve 3 and the second solenoid valve 6 are closed sampling pump 2 simultaneously, and now the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 remains unchanged, and then start to measure, and utilize the counting measuring to obtain according to Law of radioactive decay
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
In sampling, finish and measure the moment starting, being located in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5
222rn and daughter RaA thereof (
218po), RaB (
214pb), RaC (
214bi) activity is respectively
,
,
,
; Disintegration constant is respectively
,
,
,
.Due to RaC ' (
214po) half life period only has 164 μ s, and its half life period is very short, so people are often summed up as the radioactivity of RaC ' radioactivity of RaC.Due to ThA (
216po) half life period very short, with
220rn reaches balance very soon, is located in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5
220rn and daughter ThA thereof (
216po) activity is
,
220rn disintegration constant is
, background activity is A
0, do not consider other long-life daughters, according to Law of radioactive decay, have:
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）
（7）
After formula (2), (3), (4) are solved, obtain total alpha activity activity over time rule be:
（8）
Because the alpha-particle detection efficiency of the 5 pairs of different-energies in low pressure list scintillation chamber is identical, be all
, have
（9）
the counting measuring for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism 9 is rule over time.
Adopt the method for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism 9 measurement count to have two kinds:
A, short time interval measurement: the Measuring Time T of each measuring period is 1-5 minute, measuring period, quantity was more than or equal to 6, being counted as of each measuring period
, i is measuring period.
The computing method that the short time interval T of take is measuring period have two kinds:
A, according to the counting of i measuring period
try to achieve the average counter of the unit interval of i measuring period, this average counter with this measuring period mid point the pass of totalαradioactivity activity be:
（10）
Utilize formula (10) right
data carry out nonlinear fitting, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn:
(11)
In formula
for
222the concentration of Rn; V is the volume of low pressure list scintillation chamber 5; P is the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber 5; P
0for ambient pressure.
(12)
In formula
for
220the concentration of Rn.
B, ask the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period:
（13）
In formula
totalαradioactivity activity.
(14)
In formula
the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period.
Application least square method solves, and introduces residual error
:
（15）
In formula
w i be
ithe weight factor of counting section, the introducing of weight factor is to consider the error effect of the counting statistics error difference of each measuring period to fitting result.
According to principle of least square method, make residual error
get minimum value, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
B, long-time interval measurement: the measurement time t of each measuring period
1, t
2, t
3, t
4, t
5, t
6be respectively 5-60 minute, be 6 measuring period, and the counting of six measuring periods is respectively
,
,
,
,
,
.
（16）
（17）
（18）
（19）
（20）
（21）
Formula (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21) are solved, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn.
The measuring system that said method adopts by flowmeter 1, sampling pump 2, the first solenoid valve 3, vacuum meter 4, low pressure list scintillation chamber 5, the second solenoid valve 6,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator 7, variable valve 8 and scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism 9 form.By pipeline successively by flowmeter 1, sampling pump 2, the first solenoid valve 3, vacuum meter 4, low pressure list scintillation chamber 5, the second solenoid valve 6,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator 7 and variable valve 8 are together in series and form a measuring circuit, wherein: one end of sampling pump 2 is connected with one end of the first solenoid valve 3 by pipeline, the other end of the first solenoid valve 3 is connected with one end of vacuum meter 4 by pipeline, the other end of vacuum meter 4 is connected with one end of low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 by pipeline, the other end of low pressure list scintillation chamber 5 is connected with one end of the second solenoid valve 6 by pipeline, the other end of the second solenoid valve 6 by pipeline with
222rn,
220one end of Rn daughter filtrator 7 connects,
222rn,
220the other end of Rn daughter filtrator 7 is connected with one end of variable valve 8 by pipeline, and the other end of variable valve 8 is connected with one end of flowmeter 1 by pipeline.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is utilized low pressure list scintillation chamber pair
222rn,
220the method of Rn concentration synchro measure, is characterized in that: its concrete steps are as follows:
Open the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve in measuring system, open sampling pump, will contain
222rn,
220the air of Rn, with certain flow velocity mobile 5-20min in measuring system loop, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn flows into from the draft tube of flowmeter, discharges, thereby make in low pressure list scintillation chamber from the gas outlet of sampling pump
222rn,
220in Rn gas and measurement environment
222rn,
220rn gas reaches balance, contains
222rn,
220the air of Rn enters low pressure list scintillation chamber with certain flow velocity after high efficiency particulate air filter filters out daughter; Because sampling pump flow rate is larger, the variable valve by measuring system regulates the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber, makes air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber lower than an atmospheric pressure; Suppose that any point in low pressure list scintillation chamber is L to the scintillator zinc sulphide surface ultimate range of the inside surface coating of scintillation chamber, reduce the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber,
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has different energy, and corresponding range is also different, wherein
222the alpha-particle energy that Rn decay is emitted is minimum, and range is also minimum; Adjustable pressure makes
222α particle range under this air pressure that Rn decay is emitted is greater than L, makes like this low pressure list scintillation chamber under low pressure right
222rn,
220the α particle that Rn and daughter disintegration thereof are emitted has identical detection efficiency;
An average alpha-decay, can measure
individual counting, uses
represent detection efficiency;
Sample after 2-20 minute, close synchronously the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are closed sampling pump simultaneously, and now the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber remains unchanged, and then start to measure, and utilize the counting measuring to obtain according to Law of radioactive decay
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn;
In sampling, finish and measure the moment starting, being located in low pressure list scintillation chamber
222the activity of Rn and daughter RaA, RaB, RaC is respectively
,
,
,
; Disintegration constant is respectively
,
,
,
; Because the half life period of RaC ' only has 164 μ s, its half life period is very short, the radioactivity of RaC ' is summed up as to the radioactivity of RaC, because the ThA half life period is very short, with
220rn reaches balance very soon, is located in low pressure list scintillation chamber
220the activity of Rn and daughter ThA thereof is
,
220rn disintegration constant is
, background activity is A
0, do not consider other long-life daughters, according to Law of radioactive decay, have:
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）
（7）
After formula (2), (3), (4) are solved, obtain total alpha activity activity over time rule be:
（8）
Because low pressure list scintillation chamber is identical to the alpha-particle detection efficiency of different-energy, be all
, have
（9）
the counting measuring for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism is rule over time;
Adopt the method for scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism measurement count to have two kinds:
A, short time interval measurement: the Measuring Time T of each measuring period is 1-5 minute, measuring period, quantity was more than or equal to 6, being counted as of each measuring period
, i is measuring period;
The computing method that the short time interval T of take is measuring period have two kinds:
A, according to the counting of i measuring period
try to achieve the average counter of the unit interval of i measuring period, this average counter with this measuring period mid point the pass of totalαradioactivity activity be:
（10）
Utilize formula (10) right
data carry out nonlinear fitting, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn:
(11)
In formula
for
222the concentration of Rn; V is the volume of low pressure list scintillation chamber; P is the air pressure in low pressure list scintillation chamber; P
0for ambient pressure;
(12)
In formula
for
220the concentration of Rn;
B, ask the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period:
（13）
In formula
totalαradioactivity activity;
(14)
In formula
the integration of totalαradioactivity activity i measuring period;
Application least square method solves, and introduces residual error
:
（15）
W in formula
ibe the weight factor of i counting section, the introducing of weight factor is to consider the error effect of the counting statistics error difference of each measuring period to fitting result;
According to principle of least square method, make residual error
get minimum value, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn;
B, long-time interval measurement: the measurement time t of each measuring period
1, t
2, t
3, t
4, t
5, t
6be respectively 5-60 minute, be 6 measuring period, and the counting of six measuring periods is respectively
,
,
,
,
,
;
（16）
（17）
（18）
（19）
（20）
（21）
Formula (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21) are solved, can obtain
,
,
,
,
,
value, then according to formula (11), (12), try to achieve
222rn,
220the concentration of Rn;
The measuring system that said method adopts by flowmeter, sampling pump, the first solenoid valve, vacuum meter, low pressure list scintillation chamber, the second solenoid valve,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator, variable valve and scintillation chamber's measurement mechanism form; By pipeline successively by sampling pump, the first solenoid valve, vacuum meter, low pressure list scintillation chamber, the second solenoid valve,
222rn,
220rn daughter filtrator, variable valve and flowmeter are together in series and form a measuring circuit, wherein: one end of sampling pump is connected with one end of the first solenoid valve by pipeline, the other end of the first solenoid valve is connected with one end of vacuum meter by pipeline, the other end of vacuum meter is connected with one end of low pressure list scintillation chamber by pipeline, the other end of low pressure list scintillation chamber is connected with one end of the second solenoid valve by pipeline, the other end of the second solenoid valve by pipeline with
222rn,
220one end of Rn daughter filtrator connects,
222rn,
220the other end of Rn daughter filtrator is connected with one end of variable valve by pipeline, and the other end of variable valve is connected with one end of flowmeter by pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210475598.0A CN103018765B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Method for synchronously measuring concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing low-pressure single scintillation chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210475598.0A CN103018765B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Method for synchronously measuring concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn by utilizing low-pressure single scintillation chamber |
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|---|---|
| CN103018765A CN103018765A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| CN103018765B true CN103018765B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103116179B (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-02-04 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method and device for measuring radon by static collection method without influence of environment temperature and humidity |
| CN103439734B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-09-14 | 衡阳师范学院 | Right222rn,220rn and the method for daughter concentration synchro measure thereof |
| CN103558625B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2016-01-20 | 衡阳师范学院 | Utilize low pressure list scintillation chamber pair 220the method of the continuous definite value of Rn room concentration |
| CN103558624B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-12-09 | 衡阳师范学院 | Synchro measure environment 220rn, 222the method of Rn melting concn |
| CN109839654B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2024-01-12 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Portable radon gas measuring apparatu of family |
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| CN101377468A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2009-03-04 | 南华大学 | Method and apparatus for simultaneously measuring concentration of <222> Rn and <220> Rn in air by single scintillation chamber flow air static method |
| CN102176044A (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2011-09-07 | 衡阳师范学院 | Method and device for valuing <220>Rn concentration reference level by utilizing low pressure scintillation chamber |
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