CN114086916B - Upper part plugging method for simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling - Google Patents
Upper part plugging method for simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of well drilling plugging, and discloses a method for plugging a leakage accident in a drilling process. The main technical characteristics are as follows: after simultaneous up and down leakage occurs during drilling, taking out the drill rod, determining the accurate leakage position and the leakage condition, and calculating the distance from the leakage position to a wellhead; taking out a drilling rod, firstly, putting the drilling rod in, then connecting a packer, then continuously adding the drilling rod, sucking the packer to set at a position of about 20 meters below the lower edge of the leakage position at the lowest end of the drilling rod, separating the inside of the hole up and down, and blocking the overflow supply; cement plugs are prepared by pressing cement paste and replacing cement paste, well cementation drill pipes are placed in the cement plugs, well heads are closed, plugging cement paste is injected, and well drilling is continued after plugging is completed. Under the action of the cement plug, the cement paste is isolated from water below the cement plug, cannot sink due to runoff of groundwater or specific gravity difference, is basically in a static state, is favorable for solidification of the cement paste, cannot cause leakage stoppage failure due to the sinking of the cement paste, cannot cause quick leakage of the cement paste, and has a good plugging effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling, and particularly relates to an upper plugging method for a simultaneous upper and lower leakage accident in geothermal drilling.
Background
In drilling construction, stratum leakage often occurs, which makes it difficult to continue drilling construction, and thus, plugging is necessary. At present, the leakage mainly comprises the following two conditions: firstly, leakage of the lower geological structure causes that in the drilling process, a drill bit drills into stratum such as bedrock, so that slurry leakage is caused, and drilling cannot be continued; secondly, the upper part is lost, the first open well cementation quality is poor or the leakage of the cap is bad, the first open sleeve is damaged, or the second open well cementation quality is poor and the leakage of the cap is bad, the drilling can not be continued, and the cement slurry is directly plugged; thirdly, the upper part and the lower part are simultaneously leaked, if cement slurry is used for plugging directly, the cement slurry is poured down along the well pipe, and the cement slurry flows to the leakage part to be plugged under ideal state and then is solidified. But in reality this method has the following drawbacks: first, after the leakage occurs, the slurry or the water surface in the well pipe can be in a static balance state, but the static balance state is dynamic balance, the slurry in the hole is in a cross-flow state, and the slurry is supplied to the lower leakage stratum from the upper leakage part. The injected cement paste moves downwards along the sleeve under the action of gravity, the cement paste slowly moves downwards under no external pressure, and the cement paste moves downwards in an accelerating way under the condition of increasing pressure and does not enter the leakage part at the upper part; secondly, even if the cement paste reaches the leakage part, the water at the leakage part flows, and the cement paste is not solidified in the flowing process.
The method is easy to cause leakage stoppage failure, if the leakage stoppage is not successful, the method can only select the site to drill again, thereby not only wasting manpower and material resources, but also occupying more sites and increasing the drilling cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an upper leaking stoppage method for simultaneously leaking out of the upper and lower geothermal drilling with effective leaking stoppage, shortened construction period and reduced drilling cost.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the upper plugging method for the simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, determining the location and status of the leak
After the upper part and the lower part are simultaneously lost during drilling, taking out a drill rod, determining the accurate upper part lost position and the lost condition by using a downhole television or a geophysical prospecting well method, and calculating the distance h1 from the upper part lost position to a wellhead; the lost circulation conditions due to the upper lost circulation of geothermal drilling include the following three: firstly, the leakage caused by the problem of well cementation quality causes the damage of well cementation cement between the outside of a casing pipe and an annular gap of a drilling hole; secondly, the casing is damaged due to the friction of the drilling tool; thirdly, leakage is caused by the fact that the lap joint of the sleeve is not tightly sealed, and accurate leakage conditions are recorded;
second step, selecting a packer
Selecting the model of a packer matched with the casing according to the diameter of the casing which is opened below the upper leakage layer;
third, setting the packer
Firstly, a drill rod is put in, the length of the drill rod is h2, h2 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, then a packer is connected, the drill rod is continuously added, and the position of a staggered casing coupling, which is about 20 meters below the lower edge of the upper leakage position, of the lowest end of the drill rod is sealed;
fourth, judging the plugging effect of the packer
After the packer is set, measuring the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, judging the plugging effect of the packer according to the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, and indicating that the packer is set successfully when the water level in the drill rod is lower than or higher than the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, otherwise, opening the packer, and re-setting until the setting is successful;
fifth step, pressing in cement paste and filling cement plug
Pressing the prepared cement paste into a well through a slurry pump, and pouring the total volume V1 = h 3S 1, wherein h3 is the height of a cement plug to be poured, h3 is more than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 30 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at a packer;
sixth, injecting slurry replacing water
Injecting slurry replacing water below the packer through a slurry pump and a drill pipe; the volume V2 = h4 =S1+h5 ×S2 of the slurry, wherein h4 is the distance from the lowest end of a drill rod under the packer to the upper end surface of the cement plug, h4 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at the packer; h5 is the distance from the lowest end of the drill rod to the wellhead under the packer, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of the inner hole of the drill rod;
seventh, sealing and pouring the drill rod to form a temporary setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry into a cement plug;
eighth step, using packer to test cement plug quality
After cement paste is solidified into a cement plug, a filling valve on a drill rod is opened, the water level in the drill rod and the water level outside the drill rod are measured, if the water level in the drill rod is far higher than the water level in the hole, the water level in the drill rod indicates that the cement plug is filled, and the cement plug is solidified, at the moment, the original filling channel and a mud pump can be utilized for cement plug pressure test, and the test pressure is 5-10MPa; if the pressure test is not qualified, pouring the cement plug again, and if the pressure test is qualified, continuing the following steps;
ninth step, taking out the packer and the drill rod
After the pressure test is qualified, opening the packer, and taking out all drill pipes with the packer;
tenth step, the well cementation drill rod is put in
A well cementation drill rod is put in, the bottom end of the well cementation drill rod is 30-40 m away from the upper leakage position, and the length of the well cementation drill rod is h6;
eleventh step, closing the wellhead
After the drilling tool is in place, closing an annular gap between the drilling rod and the well pipe, so that the hole opening is broken to the cement plug well to form a closed space;
twelfth, according to the leakage condition of the upper leakage part, calculating the volume of cement slurry to be poured:
(1) If leakage is caused by the problem of primary cementing quality, determining the volume V3= (S3-S4) h7+10S 4 of the poured cement slurry according to a geophysical prospecting measurement result, wherein S3 is the cross-sectional area of a primary drilling hole, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of a primary casing pipe; h7 is the length of a well cementation gap section of an open casing in geophysical prospecting measurement;
(2) If the leakage is caused by the breakage of an open sleeve; the volume of cement paste to be poured is v3=v4+10×s4, wherein V4 is more than or equal to 3 cubic meters and less than or equal to 5 cubic meters, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of an open sleeve;
(3) If leakage is caused by poor quality of the two-way cementing and poor sealing of the lap joint of the sleeve, the volume V3 = V5 +10 x S4 of cement slurry to be poured is equal to or less than 1 cubic meter and equal to or less than 2 cubic meters, wherein S4 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the one-way sleeve;
thirteenth step, pouring cement paste
Grouting cement slurry by using a slurry pump, wherein the grouting pressure is 5-10Mpa;
fourteenth step, pouring slurry replacing water
Pouring cement slurry, quickly pouring cement slurry water, quickly closing a pouring valve after pouring cement slurry water, enabling a cement plug, a wellhead and a pouring pipeline to form a closed space, and ensuring that the cement slurry enters a broken well pipe or a well cementation area with poor pouring quality, wherein the volume of the cement slurry water pouring is v6=h6×s5+10xS4, and h6 is the length of a well cementation drill rod; s5 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the well cementation drill pipe; s4 is the cross section area of an inner hole of the sleeve;
fifteenth step, sealing the well cementation drill pipe waiting setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry;
sixteenth step, sweeping cement plug and testing pressure
After the cement paste is solidified, drilling down to sweep the cement on the upper part to seal the wellhead, pressing by using the cement plug on the lower part, testing the plugging effect of the cement, and if the plugging effect is not good, restarting pouring the cement paste from the tenth step, and if the pouring quality is good, continuing the next step;
seventeenth step, continuously drilling by sweeping the cement plug at the lower part
And (5) the lower cement plug is cleaned by the drill down, and the drilling is continued.
As a further improvement, the range of h 2: 12 m.ltoreq.h2.ltoreq.15 m, the range of h 3: 24 m.ltoreq.h3.ltoreq.26 m, the range of h 4: h4 is more than or equal to 14 meters and less than or equal to 16 meters.
Compared with the prior art, the upper part plugging method for the simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling provided by the invention has the following advantages:
after the upper part and the lower part are simultaneously lost during drilling, taking out a drill rod, determining the accurate upper part lost position and the lost condition by using a downhole television or a geophysical prospecting well method, and calculating the distance h1 from the upper part lost position to a wellhead; the lost circulation conditions due to the upper lost circulation of geothermal drilling include the following three: firstly, the leakage caused by the problem of well cementation quality causes the damage of well cementation cement between the outside of a casing pipe and an annular gap of a drilling hole; secondly, the casing is damaged due to the friction of the drilling tool; thirdly, leakage is caused by the fact that the lap joint of the sleeve is not tightly sealed, and accurate leakage conditions are recorded; selecting the model of a packer matched with the casing according to the diameter of the casing which is opened below the upper leakage layer; firstly, a drill rod is put in, the length of the drill rod is h2, h2 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, then a packer is connected, the drill rod is continuously added, and the position of a staggered casing coupling, which is about 20 meters below the lower edge of the upper leakage position, of the lowest end of the drill rod is sealed; after the packer is set, measuring the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, judging the plugging effect of the packer according to the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, and indicating that the packer is set successfully when the water level in the drill rod is lower than or higher than the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, otherwise, opening the packer, and re-setting until the setting is successful; pressing the prepared cement paste into a well through a slurry pump, and pouring the total volume V1 = h 3S 1, wherein h3 is the height of a cement plug to be poured, h3 is more than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 30 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at a packer; injecting slurry replacing water below the packer through a slurry pump and a drill pipe; the volume V2 = h4 =S1+h5 ×S2 of the slurry, wherein h4 is the distance from the lowest end of a drill rod under the packer to the upper end surface of the cement plug, h4 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at the packer; h5 is the distance from the lowest end of the drill rod to the wellhead under the packer, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of the inner hole of the drill rod; after grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry into a cement plug; after cement paste is solidified into a cement plug, a filling valve on a drill rod is opened, the water level in the drill rod and the water level outside the drill rod are measured, if the water level in the drill rod is far higher than the water level in the hole, the water level in the drill rod indicates that the cement plug is filled, and the cement plug is solidified, at the moment, the original filling channel and a mud pump can be utilized for cement plug pressure test, and the test pressure is 5-10MPa; if the pressure test is not qualified, pouring the cement plug again, and if the pressure test is qualified, continuing the following steps; after the pressure test is qualified, opening the packer, and taking out all drill pipes with the packer; a well cementation drill rod is put in, the bottom end of the well cementation drill rod is 30-40 m away from the upper leakage position, and the length of the well cementation drill rod is h6; after the drilling tool is in place, closing an annular gap between the drilling rod and the well pipe, so that the hole opening is broken to the cement plug well to form a closed space; (1) If leakage is caused by the problem of primary cementing quality, determining the volume V3= (S3-S4) h7+10S 4 of the poured cement slurry according to a geophysical prospecting measurement result, wherein S3 is the cross-sectional area of a primary drilling hole, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of a primary casing pipe; h7 is the length of a well cementation gap section of an open casing in geophysical prospecting measurement; (2) if the sleeve is broken, the sleeve is lost; the volume of cement paste to be poured is v3=v4+10×s4, wherein V4 is more than or equal to 3 cubic meters and less than or equal to 5 cubic meters, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of an open sleeve; (3) If leakage is caused by poor quality of the two-way cementing and poor sealing of the lap joint of the sleeve, the volume V3 = V5 +10 x S4 of cement slurry to be poured is equal to or less than 1 cubic meter and equal to or less than 2 cubic meters, wherein S4 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the one-way sleeve; grouting cement slurry by using a slurry pump, wherein the grouting pressure is 5-10Mpa; pouring cement slurry, quickly pouring cement slurry water, quickly closing a pouring valve after pouring cement slurry water, enabling a cement plug, a wellhead and a pouring pipeline to form a closed space, and ensuring that the cement slurry enters a broken well pipe or a well cementation area with poor pouring quality, wherein the volume of the cement slurry water pouring is v6=h6×s5+10xS4, and h6 is the length of a well cementation drill rod; s5 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the well cementation drill pipe; s4 is the cross section area of an inner hole of the sleeve; after grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry; after the cement paste is solidified, drilling down to sweep the cement on the upper part to seal the wellhead, pressing by using the cement plug on the lower part, testing the plugging effect of the cement, and if the plugging effect is not good, restarting pouring the cement paste from the tenth step, and if the pouring quality is good, continuing the next step; and (5) the lower cement plug is cleaned by the drill down, and the drilling is continued.
The method has the following advantages: firstly, setting a packer below an upper leakage part, disconnecting the water level below the packer from the upper part of the packer, avoiding overflow supply caused by upper leakage, filling a cement plug below the packer through a drill rod, flushing cement paste in the drill rod by using slurry replacement water, enabling the cement plug to leave the packer and the drill rod, closing the drill rod, enabling the upper side and the lower side of the cement plug to be in a static state, facilitating solidification of the cement paste, taking out the packer after the cement plug is solidified, dividing a casing into two mutually independent parts by the cement plug, inserting the well cementation drill rod, sealing a wellhead, filling the cement paste, and filling the cement paste under the pressure of 5-10Mpa, wherein the cement paste can enter the upper leakage part under the pressure, sealing the outside of the upper leakage part, forming an upper cement plug of about 10 meters above the leakage sealing part, adding cement paste with certain pressure into the sealing space, entering the upper leakage part under the pressure, and not causing the other places of the cement paste to be lost, and the sealing effect is good;
the advantages are as follows: a rotating rod of 20-30 meters is arranged below the packer, so that the upper surface of cement paste is positioned at a distance of 20-30 meters below the packer, the situation that cement paste flows onto the packer to solidify the packer and the casing wall and cannot be taken down is avoided;
the advantages are as follows: injecting grout replacing water into the well hole by a slurry pump and a drill pipe after grout is injected, wherein the height of the grout replacing water in the well hole is 20-30 meters, so that the upper end face of the grout leaves the lower end face of the drill pipe for 20-30 meters, and the situation that the drill pipe is fixed by the grout caused by solidification of the grout is avoided;
benefits four: the height of the cement plug is more than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 30 meters, so that the cement plug has certain pressure resistance, and the cement plug can be prevented from being damaged when the pressurized cement slurry is poured, so that the plugging effect of the leakage position above the cement plug is better;
benefits five: and (3) a well cementation drill rod is placed in the well cementation drill rod, and the bottom end of the well cementation drill rod is 30-40 m away from the upper leakage position, so that an upper cement plug of about 10m can be formed at the leakage position after the well cementation drill rod is filled with slurry replacing water, and the plugging effect is improved.
The range of h 2: 12 m.ltoreq.h2.ltoreq.15 m, the range of h 3: 24 m.ltoreq.h3.ltoreq.26 m, the range of h 4: the h4 is more than or equal to 14 meters and less than or equal to 16 meters, and the plugging effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a well being drilled for lost circulation due to a one-way cementing quality problem;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a lost drilling well due to casing damage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a well drilling well in which leakage is caused by poor quality of two-way cementing and poor sealing at a sleeve joint;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a drilling well after a cement plug is poured in the early stage of the drilling well in the leakage plugging process caused by the problem of the quality of primary cementing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a cement plug poured in the early stage of a drilling well and after plugging in the leakage plugging process caused by the problem of the quality of well cementation;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a cement plug poured in the early stage of a drilling well and subjected to plugging in the leakage plugging process caused by poor quality of two-way cementing and poor sealing of a sleeve joint.
Detailed Description
The method for plugging the upper part of the accident of simultaneous upper and lower leakage of geothermal drilling according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
In the drilling process, the simultaneous loss up and down is mainly divided into three cases: firstly, the leakage caused by the well cementation quality problem is shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, and is a structural schematic diagram of a drilling well with the leakage caused by the well cementation quality problem; the drilling well comprises an open casing 1, a capped overlapped pipe 2, two open casings 3 and a bedrock leakage stratum 4, wherein an upper leakage opening 5 appears at the position of the open casing and the well cementation 1, during plugging, a packer 7 is firstly set in the two open casings 3 through a drill rod 6, then cement plugs 8 are filled with cement slurry, slurry replacement water 9 is filled, the packer is taken out, a well cementation drill rod 10 is put in again, the distance between the lowest end of the well cementation drill rod 10 and the upper leakage opening 5 is 30-40 m, an upper cement plug 11 of about 10m can be formed at a leakage position after the slurry replacement water 12 is filled into the well cementation drill rod, and the upper leakage opening 5 is plugged by the lower cement plug.
Secondly, the lost due to the breakage of the first casing is shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of the lost drilling well due to the breakage of the first casing; the drilling well comprises a casing 1, a capped overlapping pipe 2, two casings 3 and a bedrock leakage stratum 4, wherein an upper leakage port 5 is formed at the casing; during plugging, the packer 7 is firstly set in the two-way casing 3 through the drill rod 6, cement is filled into the two-way casing to build the cement plug 8, slurry replacing water 9 is filled into the two-way casing, the packer is taken out, the well cementing drill rod 10 is lowered into the two-way casing again, the distance between the lowest end of the well cementing drill rod 10 and the upper leakage opening 5 is 30-40 m, the well cementing drill rod can form an upper cement plug 11 of about 10m at the upper leakage position after the slurry replacing water 12 is filled into the well cementing drill rod, and the upper leakage opening 5 is plugged by the lower cement plug.
Thirdly, leakage is caused by poor quality of the two-way well cementation and poor sealing of the sleeve joint, and as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the two-way well cementation is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling well which is caused by poor quality of the two-way well cementation and poor sealing of the sleeve joint. The drilling well comprises a first casing 1, a capped overlapped pipe 2, a second casing 3 and a bedrock leakage stratum 4, wherein an upper leakage port 5 is formed at the first casing and the well cementation 1; during plugging, the packer 7 is firstly set in the two-way casing 3 through the drill rod 6, cement plug 8 is filled with cement slurry, slurry replacing water 9 is filled, the packer is taken out, the well cementation drill rod 10 is put in again, the distance between the lowest end of the well cementation drill rod 10 and the upper leakage opening 5 is 30-40 m, the well cementation drill rod can form an upper cement plug 11 of about 10m at a leakage position after the slurry replacing water 12 is filled in the well cementation drill rod, and the upper leakage opening 5 is plugged by the lower cement plug.
The upper part plugging method for the simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
first, determining the location and status of the leak
After the upper part and the lower part are simultaneously lost during drilling, taking out a drill rod, determining the accurate upper part lost position and the lost condition by using a downhole television or a geophysical prospecting well method, and calculating the distance h1 from the upper part lost position to a wellhead; the lost circulation conditions due to the upper lost circulation of geothermal drilling include the following three: firstly, the leakage caused by the problem of well cementation quality causes the damage of well cementation cement between the outside of a casing pipe and an annular gap of a drilling hole; secondly, the casing is damaged due to the friction of the drilling tool; thirdly, leakage is caused by the fact that the lap joint of the sleeve is not tightly sealed, and accurate leakage conditions are recorded;
second step, selecting a packer
Selecting the model of a packer matched with the casing according to the diameter of the casing which is opened below the upper leakage layer;
third, setting the packer
Firstly, a drill rod is put in, the length of the drill rod is h2, h2 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, then a packer is connected, the drill rod is continuously added, and the position of a staggered casing coupling, which is about 20 meters below the lower edge of the upper leakage position, of the lowest end of the drill rod is sealed;
fourth, judging the plugging effect of the packer
After the packer is set, measuring the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, judging the plugging effect of the packer according to the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, and indicating that the packer is set successfully when the water level in the drill rod is lower than or higher than the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, otherwise, opening the packer, and re-setting until the setting is successful;
fifth step, pressing in cement paste and filling cement plug
Pressing the prepared cement paste into a well through a slurry pump, and pouring the total volume V1 = h 3S 1, wherein h3 is the height of a cement plug to be poured, h3 is more than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 30 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at a packer;
sixth, injecting slurry replacing water
Injecting slurry replacing water below the packer through a slurry pump and a drill pipe; the volume V2 = h4 =S1+h5 ×S2 of the slurry, wherein h4 is the distance from the lowest end of a drill rod under the packer to the upper end surface of the cement plug, h4 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at the packer; h5 is the distance from the lowest end of the drill rod to the wellhead under the packer, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of the inner hole of the drill rod;
seventh, sealing and pouring the drill rod to form a temporary setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry into a cement plug;
eighth step, using packer to test cement plug quality
After cement paste is solidified into a cement plug, a filling valve on a drill rod is opened, the water level in the drill rod and the water level outside the drill rod are measured, if the water level in the drill rod is far higher than the water level in the hole, the water level in the drill rod indicates that the cement plug is filled, and the cement plug is solidified, at the moment, the original filling channel and a mud pump can be utilized for cement plug pressure test, and the test pressure is 5-10MPa; if the pressure test is not qualified, pouring the cement plug again, and if the pressure test is qualified, continuing the following steps;
ninth step, taking out the packer and the drill rod
After the pressure test is qualified, opening the packer, and taking out all drill pipes with the packer;
tenth step, the well cementation drill rod is put in
A well cementation drill rod is put in, the bottom end of the well cementation drill rod is 30-40 m away from the upper leakage position, and the length of the well cementation drill rod is h6;
eleventh step, closing the wellhead
After the drilling tool is in place, closing an annular gap between the drilling rod and the well pipe, so that the hole opening is broken to the cement plug well to form a closed space;
twelfth, according to the leakage condition of the upper leakage part, calculating the volume of cement slurry to be poured:
(1) If leakage is caused by the problem of primary cementing quality, determining the volume V3= (S3-S4) h7+10S 4 of the poured cement slurry according to a geophysical prospecting measurement result, wherein S3 is the cross-sectional area of a primary drilling hole, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of a primary casing pipe; h7 is the length of a well cementation gap section of an open casing in geophysical prospecting measurement;
(2) If the leakage is caused by the breakage of an open sleeve; the volume of cement paste to be poured is v3=v4+10×s4, wherein V4 is more than or equal to 3 cubic meters and less than or equal to 5 cubic meters, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of an open sleeve;
(3) If leakage is caused by poor quality of the two-way cementing and poor sealing of the lap joint of the sleeve, the volume V3 = V5 +10 x S4 of cement slurry to be poured is equal to or less than 1 cubic meter and equal to or less than 2 cubic meters, wherein S4 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the one-way sleeve;
thirteenth step, pouring cement paste
Grouting cement slurry by using a slurry pump, wherein the grouting pressure is 5-10Mpa;
fourteenth step, pouring slurry replacing water
Pouring cement slurry, quickly pouring cement slurry water, quickly closing a pouring valve after pouring cement slurry water, enabling a cement plug, a wellhead and a pouring pipeline to form a closed space, and ensuring that the cement slurry enters a broken well pipe or a well cementation area with poor pouring quality, wherein the volume of the cement slurry water pouring is v6=h6×s5+10xS4, and h6 is the length of a well cementation drill rod; s5 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the well cementation drill pipe; s4 is the cross section area of an inner hole of the sleeve;
fifteenth step, sealing the well cementation drill pipe waiting setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry;
sixteenth step, sweeping cement plug and testing pressure
After the cement paste is solidified, drilling down to sweep the cement on the upper part to seal the wellhead, pressing by using the cement plug on the lower part, testing the plugging effect of the cement, and if the plugging effect is not good, restarting pouring the cement paste from the tenth step, and if the pouring quality is good, continuing the next step;
seventeenth step, continuously drilling by sweeping the cement plug at the lower part
And (5) the lower cement plug is cleaned by the drill down, and the drilling is continued.
As a further improvement, the range of h 2: h2 is more than or equal to 12 meters and less than or equal to 15 meters, and h3 ranges: 24 m is less than or equal to h3 is less than or equal to 26 m, and the range of h4 is: h4 is more than or equal to 14 meters and less than or equal to 16 meters.
The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only if the structure is the same as or similar to the upper plugging method of the present invention for simultaneous upper and lower loss accidents in geothermal drilling.
Claims (2)
1. The upper part plugging method for the simultaneous upper and lower leakage accidents of geothermal drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
first, determining the location and status of the leak
After the upper part and the lower part are simultaneously lost during drilling, taking out a drill rod, determining the accurate upper part lost position and the lost condition by using a downhole television or a geophysical prospecting well method, and calculating the distance h1 from the upper part lost position to a wellhead; the lost circulation conditions due to the upper lost circulation of geothermal drilling include the following three: firstly, the leakage caused by the problem of well cementation quality causes the damage of well cementation cement between the outside of a casing pipe and an annular gap of a drilling hole; secondly, the casing is damaged due to the friction of the drilling tool; thirdly, leakage is caused by the fact that the lap joint of the sleeve is not tightly sealed, and accurate leakage conditions are recorded;
second step, selecting a packer
Selecting the model of a packer matched with the casing according to the diameter of the casing which is opened below the upper leakage layer;
third, setting the packer
Firstly, a drill rod is put in, the length of the drill rod is h2, h2 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, then a packer is connected, the drill rod is continuously added, and the position of a staggered casing coupling, which is about 20 meters below the lower edge of the upper leakage position, of the lowest end of the drill rod is sealed;
fourth, judging the plugging effect of the packer
After the packer is set, measuring the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, judging the plugging effect of the packer according to the water level in the drill rod and the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, and indicating that the packer is set successfully when the water level in the drill rod is lower than or higher than the water level in the outer hole of the drill rod, otherwise, opening the packer, and re-setting until the setting is successful;
fifth step, pressing in cement paste and filling cement plug
Pressing the prepared cement paste into a well through a slurry pump, and pouring the total volume V1 = h 3S 1, wherein h3 is the height of a cement plug to be poured, h3 is more than or equal to 20 meters and less than or equal to 30 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at a packer;
sixth, injecting slurry replacing water
Injecting slurry replacing water below the packer through a slurry pump and a drill pipe; the volume V2 = h4 =S1+h5 ×S2 of the slurry, wherein h4 is the distance from the lowest end of a drill rod under the packer to the upper end surface of the cement plug, h4 is more than or equal to 10 meters and less than or equal to 20 meters, and S1 is the cross-sectional area of a sleeve at the packer; h5 is the distance from the lowest end of the drill rod to the wellhead under the packer, and S2 is the cross-sectional area of the inner hole of the drill rod;
seventh, sealing and pouring the drill rod to form a temporary setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry into a cement plug;
eighth step, using packer to test cement plug quality
After cement paste is solidified into a cement plug, a filling valve on a drill rod is opened, the water level in the drill rod and the water level outside the drill rod are measured, if the water level in the drill rod is far higher than the water level in the hole, the water level in the drill rod indicates that the cement plug is filled, and the cement plug is solidified, at the moment, the original filling channel and a mud pump can be utilized for cement plug pressure test, and the test pressure is 5-10MPa; if the pressure test is not qualified, pouring the cement plug again, and if the pressure test is qualified, continuing the following steps;
ninth step, taking out the packer and the drill rod
After the pressure test is qualified, opening the packer, and taking out all drill pipes with the packer;
tenth step, the well cementation drill rod is put in
A well cementation drill rod is put in, the bottom end of the well cementation drill rod is 30-40 m away from the upper leakage position, and the length of the well cementation drill rod is h6;
eleventh step, closing the wellhead
After the drilling tool is in place, closing an annular gap between the drilling rod and the well pipe, so that the hole opening is broken to the cement plug well to form a closed space;
twelfth, according to the leakage condition of the upper leakage part, calculating the volume of cement slurry to be poured:
(1) If leakage is caused by the problem of primary cementing quality, determining the volume V3= (S3-S4) h7+10S 4 of the poured cement slurry according to a geophysical prospecting measurement result, wherein S3 is the cross-sectional area of a primary drilling hole, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of a primary casing pipe; h7 is the length of a well cementation gap section of an open casing in geophysical prospecting measurement;
(2) If the leakage is caused by the breakage of an open sleeve; the volume of cement paste to be poured is v3=v4+10×s4, wherein V4 is more than or equal to 3 cubic meters and less than or equal to 5 cubic meters, and S4 is the cross-sectional area of an inner hole of an open sleeve;
(3) If leakage is caused by poor quality of the two-way cementing and poor sealing of the lap joint of the sleeve, the volume V3 = V5 +10 x S4 of cement slurry to be poured is equal to or less than 1 cubic meter and equal to or less than 2 cubic meters, wherein S4 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the one-way sleeve;
thirteenth step, pouring cement paste
Grouting cement slurry by using a slurry pump, wherein the grouting pressure is 5-10Mpa;
fourteenth step, pouring slurry replacing water
Pouring cement slurry, quickly pouring cement slurry water, quickly closing a pouring valve after pouring cement slurry water, enabling a cement plug, a wellhead and a pouring pipeline to form a closed space, and ensuring that the cement slurry enters a broken well pipe or a well cementation area with poor pouring quality, wherein the volume of the cement slurry water pouring is v6=h6×s5+10xS4, and h6 is the length of a well cementation drill rod; s5 is the cross section area of the inner hole of the well cementation drill pipe; s4 is the cross section area of an inner hole of the sleeve;
fifteenth step, sealing the well cementation drill pipe waiting setting
After grouting slurry replacing water, rapidly closing a grouting valve, and solidifying the injected cement slurry;
sixteenth step, sweeping cement plug and testing pressure
After the cement paste is solidified, drilling down to sweep the cement on the upper part to seal the wellhead, pressing by using the cement plug on the lower part, testing the plugging effect of the cement, and if the plugging effect is not good, restarting pouring the cement paste from the tenth step, and if the pouring quality is good, continuing the next step;
seventeenth step, continuously drilling by sweeping the cement plug at the lower part
And (5) the lower cement plug is cleaned by the drill down, and the drilling is continued.
2. The method for plugging an upper portion of a simultaneous upper and lower loss event for geothermal drilling according to claim 1, wherein: the range of h 2: 12 m.ltoreq.h2.ltoreq.15 m, the range of h 3: 24 m.ltoreq.h3.ltoreq.26 m, the range of h 4: h4 is more than or equal to 14 meters and less than or equal to 16 meters.
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