CN114083877B - Nanofiber composite fabric and production method thereof - Google Patents

Nanofiber composite fabric and production method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114083877B
CN114083877B CN202111375255.2A CN202111375255A CN114083877B CN 114083877 B CN114083877 B CN 114083877B CN 202111375255 A CN202111375255 A CN 202111375255A CN 114083877 B CN114083877 B CN 114083877B
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Prior art keywords
base cloth
layer base
electrostatic spinning
nanofiber
fabric
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CN114083877A (en
Inventor
姜露
李鹏
吴大伟
牛海涛
周华
周怡琰
王晓蕾
鲁曼曼
刘元美
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Lianrunxiang Qingdao Textile Technology Co ltd
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Lianrunxiang Qingdao Textile Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/94—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a nanofiber composite fabric and a production method thereof. The production method comprises the following steps: step A, preparing electrostatic spinning solution containing hydrophilic agent; step B, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and enabling the electrostatic spinning solution to form nano fibers with hydrophilic characteristics on the inner-layer base cloth after sizing through high-pressure jet flow to prepare intermediate cloth with a nano fiber membrane/inner-layer base cloth structure; and step C, laminating and compounding the intermediate cloth and the rubberized outer base cloth layer to prepare the nanofiber composite fabric with the outer base cloth/nanofiber membrane/inner base cloth composite structure. According to the invention, the hydrophilic agent is added into the electrostatic spinning solution, so that the prepared nanofiber has hydrophilic property, sweat can be introduced into the composite fabric, the defect that the traditional nanofiber composite fabric cannot penetrate sweat is avoided, and the wearing comfort is improved.

Description

Nanofiber composite fabric and production method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of textile, in particular to a nanofiber composite fabric and a production method thereof.
Background
The wind-proof moisture-permeable fabric which is mainly researched in recent years in the textile industry has wind-proof, waterproof and moisture-permeable performances, and can diffuse water vapor emitted by a human body to the outside through the fabric, but liquid water cannot be discharged due to the hydrophobicity of the waterproof moisture-permeable film, so that sweat generated by the human body in the movement process can be condensed between the body surface and the fabric, so that a wet and cold feeling can be generated by the human body, and the wind-proof moisture-permeable fabric is not suitable for being worn in the daily outdoor movement process.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The present invention aims to at least partially solve at least one of the above technical problems.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a nanofiber composite fabric, comprising: step A, preparing electrostatic spinning solution containing hydrophilic agent; step B, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and enabling the electrostatic spinning solution to form nano fibers with hydrophilic characteristics on the inner-layer base cloth after sizing through high-pressure jet flow to prepare intermediate cloth with a nano fiber membrane/inner-layer base cloth structure; and step C, laminating and compounding the intermediate cloth and the rubberized outer base cloth layer to prepare the nanofiber composite fabric with the outer base cloth/nanofiber membrane/inner base cloth composite structure.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step a, the components of the hydrophilic agent include: the mass percentage of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is between 22.5 and 24.5 percent; the mass percentage of the fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether is between 70.5 and 74.5 percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, step a comprises: mixing an organic solvent and a hydrophilic agent to form a mixed solution; adding polyurethane slices into the mixed solution to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution; wherein the organic solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide, the polyurethane slice occupies 18 to 24 mass percent of the solvent of the machine, and the hydrophilic agent occupies 2 to 4 mass percent of the polyurethane slice.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step B, the temperature of the electrospinning is between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃ and the humidity is between 40% and 60%.
In some embodiments of the invention, step B comprises: step B1, feeding the rubberized inner layer base cloth into an electrostatic spinning device through an unreeling device, and adjusting tension to enable the inner layer base cloth to be tightly attached to a collecting roller; step B2, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, continuously extruding electrostatic spinning solution through a peristaltic pump liquid supply system, forming nanofibers with hydrophilic characteristics through high-pressure jet flow, and collecting the nanofibers on the inner base cloth; step B3, feeding the inner layer base cloth with the nanofibers formed into a shaping dryer for heating and drying, and removing residual solvents in the nanofibers; and B4, taking the intermediate cloth out of the shaping dryer through a winding device to prepare the intermediate cloth with a nanofiber membrane/inner layer base cloth structure.
In some embodiments of the invention, in substep B3, the temperature of the heat drying is between 30 ℃ and 80 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the substep B2, the spinning voltage is between 28KV and 40KV, the reciprocation width is between 25mm and 90mm, the reciprocation speed is between 10mm/s and 60mm/s, the spraying height is between 100mm and 290mm, the needle row number is between 6 rows and 18 rows, the needle head number is between 120 and 360, and the base cloth traction speed is between 1mm/s and 10 mm/s.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step C, the temperature of the lamination compound is between 130 ℃ and 150 ℃, the time of lamination compound is between 10s and 15s, and the pressure of lamination compound is 0.5Mpa.
In some embodiments of the present invention, step B is preceded by: coating rubber powder on one side of the inner-layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the inner-layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form glue points, and finally rolling to obtain the rubberized inner-layer base cloth; the method also comprises the following steps: coating rubber powder on one side of the outer layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the outer layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form rubber points, and finally rolling to obtain the outer layer base cloth after sizing; wherein the components of the rubber powder are polyester polyurethane, the temperature of a drying room is between 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, and the sizing amount of the inner layer base cloth and the outer layer base cloth is 5g/m 2 ～15g/m 2 Between them.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a nanofiber composite fabric, prepared by the above production method, wherein: the diameter of the nanofiber is between 400nm and 800 nm; the thickness of the nanofiber membrane is between 0.02mm and 0.04mm, the average pore diameter is between 0.5 mu m and 2 mu m, and the porosity is between 70% and 90%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inner base fabric is a single-sided polar fleece fabric; the outer base cloth is acrylic viscose jersey or lamb velvet fabric.
(III) beneficial effects
As can be seen from the technical scheme, the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
(1) Hydrophilic agents are added into the electrostatic spinning solution, so that the prepared nanofiber has hydrophilic characteristics, sweat discharged by a human body can be introduced into the composite fabric, the defect that the traditional nanofiber composite fabric cannot penetrate sweat is avoided, and wearing comfort is improved.
(2) The components, the proportion and the content of the hydrophilic agent in the whole electrostatic spinning solution are optimized, so that the wearing comfort is improved, the warmth retention property is minimally influenced, and the balance between the comfort and the warmth retention property is obtained.
(3) By optimizing the environmental parameters: the temperature of the electrostatic spinning environment is between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, the humidity is between 40% and 60%, and the heating and drying temperature is between 30 ℃ and 50 ℃, so that the nanofiber with good stability, good air permeability and good moisture permeability is prepared.
(4) The production method has simple flow and stable and controllable process conditions, realizes continuous production of the nanofiber composite fabric through linkage of the unreeling device, the electrostatic spinning device, the shaping dryer and the reeling device, and reduces the cost.
(5) Experiments show that compared with other fabrics, the three-dimensional stepped porous structure is built by compounding the polar fleece fabric and the nanofiber membrane, air between the polar fleece fabric and the nanofiber membrane is sealed by the nanofiber membrane, the air is fixed to prevent flowing, the porosity of the nanofiber membrane is 70% -90%, the pore diameter of the nanofiber membrane is far smaller than that formed between the polar fleece fabric and the polar fleece fabric, and the stepped porous structure can improve the heat preservation property and the moisture permeability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing a nanofiber composite shell fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2A and fig. 2B are respectively contact angle test results of the nanofiber composite shell fabric according to the embodiment of the present invention and the nanofiber composite shell fabric according to the conventional technology.
Fig. 3A is a graph of air permeability versus heat retention for orthogonal experimental samples.
FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the graph of air permeability versus heat retention of FIG. 3A with air permeability of 45mm/s or less.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a nanofiber composite fabric and a production method thereof, wherein the nanofiber composite fabric can meet the wearing comfort requirement of daily outdoor exercises, can discharge liquid sweat and water vapor generated by human body exercises out of the body, can play a role in wind prevention, heat preservation and ventilation, has a simple production method flow, and has stable and controllable process conditions, and continuous production can be carried out.
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The invention firstly provides a production method of a nanofiber composite fabric. Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing a nanofiber composite shell fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the production method of the nanofiber composite fabric of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing electrostatic spinning solution containing hydrophilic agent;
the step A further comprises the following steps:
step A1, mixing an organic solvent and a hydrophilic agent to form a mixed solution;
specifically in this example, an organic solvent and a hydrophilic agent were added to a glass reaction vessel and stirred uniformly for 10min. Wherein the hydrophilic agent comprises the following components: the mass percentage of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is between 22.5 and 24.5 percent; the mass percentage of the fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether is between 70.5 and 74.5 percent. The organic solvent is technical grade N, N-dimethylformamide.
Step A2, adding polyurethane slices into the mixed solution, and stirring to obtain uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
in particular, in the embodiment, the polyurethane slice occupies 18 to 24 mass percent of the solvent of the machine, and the hydrophilic agent occupies 2 to 4 mass percent of the polyurethane slice. After the polyurethane slice is added, the stirring temperature is between 30 and 45 ℃ and the stirring time is 4 hours, so that the uniform electrostatic spinning solution is obtained.
As the hydrophilic agent is added into the electrostatic spinning solution, the nanofiber produced in the follow-up process is converted from completely water repellent to a certain hydrophilic property, so that sweat discharged by a human body can permeate into the composite cloth. In addition, the formula of the hydrophilic agent is original by the applicant, compared with other hydrophilic agents in the prior art, the hydrophilic agent can improve wearing comfort, can minimally influence warmth retention, and can balance the comfort and warmth retention.
Step B, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and enabling the electrostatic spinning solution to form nano fibers with hydrophilic characteristics on the inner-layer base cloth after sizing through high-pressure jet flow to prepare intermediate cloth with a nano fiber membrane/inner-layer base cloth structure;
in this embodiment, the step B further includes:
and B0, coating rubber powder on one side (the side where the nanofibers are formed) of the inner-layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the inner-layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form glue points, and finally rolling to obtain the rubberized inner-layer base cloth.
Wherein the components of the rubber powder are polyester polyurethane, the temperature of a drying room is between 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, and the sizing amount of the inner base cloth and the outer base cloth is 5g/m 2 ～15g/m 2 Between them.
It is particularly emphasized that the inner base fabric of this embodiment adopts a single-sided polar fleece fabric. Experiments show that compared with other fabrics, the polar fleece fabric can be compounded with the nanofiber membrane to construct a three-dimensional porous structure, air between polar fleece fabric fleece is sealed by the nanofiber membrane, the air is fixed to prevent flowing, and the heat preservation of the fabric is improved.
Step B1, feeding the rubberized inner layer base cloth into an electrostatic spinning device through an unreeling device, and adjusting tension to enable the inner layer base cloth to be tightly attached to a collecting roller;
step B2, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, continuously extruding electrostatic spinning solution through a peristaltic pump liquid supply system, and collecting nanofibers formed by high-pressure jet flow on an inner layer base fabric;
in the invention, the method comprises the following steps of: and the temperature, humidity, spinning parameters and the like are controlled, so that the composite fabric with good warmth retention property, moisture permeability and stability is obtained.
1. Temperature and humidity
The temperature of the electrostatic spinning environment is between 25 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the humidity is between 40% and 60%. Such temperature and humidity are more suitable for forming nanofibers from an electrostatic spinning solution containing a hydrophilic agent, and exert the hydrophilic agent function in the electrostatic spinning solution to a greater extent.
In order to maintain stable temperature and humidity environment, the electrostatic spinning machine is connected with an industrial dehumidifier and an industrial air heater. Specifically, an air outlet of the industrial dehumidifier is connected with an air inlet of the industrial air heater through a three-way pipeline, and then an outlet of the air heater is connected into the electrostatic spinning machine through a pipeline. The air outlet of the electrostatic spinning machine is connected to an air exhaust device. Drying air sent by the industrial dehumidifier is heated by the industrial hot air blower and then sent into the electrostatic spinning machine, and then is discharged by the exhaust device. The air inlet of the industrial dehumidifier is 600-1200 m 3 And/h, the air inlet quantity of the industrial air heater is 400-840 m 3 And/h, the exhaust volume of the exhaust device is 200-600 m 3 /h。
2. Spinning parameters
In the electrostatic spinning process, the spinning voltage is between 28KV and 40KV, the reciprocating width is between 25mm and 90mm, the reciprocating speed is between 10mm/s and 60mm/s, the spraying height is between 100mm and 290mm, the needle row number is between 6 rows and 18 rows, the needle head number is between 120 and 360, and the base cloth traction speed is between 1mm/s and 10 mm/s. Wherein, the adjustment of the reciprocating width can make the thickness of the nanofiber membrane more uniform in the width direction.
The above-mentioned settings of temperature, humidity and spinning parameters are set for the previous inner base fabric of electrostatic spinning and polar fleece, and the nanofiber composite fabric is made by repeated fumbling by the applicant, and specific properties and parameters of the nanofiber composite fabric will be described below.
Step B3, feeding the inner layer base cloth with the nanofibers formed into a shaping dryer for heating and drying, and removing residual solvents in the nanofibers;
wherein the heating temperature of the shaping dryer is between 30 ℃ and 80 ℃, the shaping gate width is 80cm, and the drag chain speed is 1-10 mm/s;
and B4, taking the intermediate cloth out of the shaping dryer through a winding device to prepare the intermediate cloth with a nanofiber membrane/inner layer base cloth structure.
And step C, laminating and compounding the intermediate cloth and the rubberized outer base cloth layer to prepare the nanofiber composite fabric with the outer base cloth/nanofiber membrane/inner base cloth composite structure.
The step C further comprises the following steps:
a substep C0, coating a layer of rubber powder on one side of the outer layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the outer layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form rubber points, and finally rolling to obtain the outer layer base cloth after sizing;
in this embodiment, the outer base fabric has a wider selection surface than the inner base fabric, and preferably, may be selected from acrylic viscose jersey or lamb fleece. Regarding the composition of the glue powder, the glue amount and the temperature of the drying room, reference may be made to the description of the substep B0, which is not repeated here.
Substep C1, laminating and compounding: the fabric coming out of the spinning machine directly enters a compounding machine to be compounded into the multifunctional PU nanofiber membrane composite fabric, so that continuous production is realized.
In this example, the lamination temperature is 130-150 ℃, the lamination time is 10-15 s, and the lamination pressure is 0.5Mpa.
According to the invention, the process is designed and optimized, the production method is simple in flow, the process conditions are stable and controllable, and continuous production of the nanofiber composite fabric is realized through linkage of the unreeling device, the electrostatic spinning device, the shaping dryer and the reeling device, so that the cost is greatly reduced.
The invention also provides the nanofiber composite fabric produced by the production method. The nanofiber composite fabric has the following characteristics to be emphasized.
1. Inner base cloth and outer base cloth
In the invention, the inner layer base cloth is single-sided polar fleece fabric; the outer base cloth is acrylic viscose jersey or lamb velvet fabric. In fact, the polar fleece is a conventional fabric and is characterized in that the applicant finds that the combination of the polar fleece and the nanofiber membrane can produce a gain effect on heat preservation.
The applicant analyzes that the three-dimensional porous structure can be constructed by compositing the polar fleece fabric and the nanofiber membrane, air between polar fleece fabric and fleece is sealed by the nanofiber membrane, and the air is fixed to prevent flowing, so that the heat preservation performance is improved.
2. Nanofiber membrane
Tests show that the diameter of the nanofiber of the composite fabric prepared by the production method is between 400 and 800 nm; the thickness of the nanofiber membrane is between 0.02mm and 0.04mm, the average pore diameter is between 0.5 mu m and 2 mu m, and the porosity is between 70% and 90%.
The applicant compares the characteristics of the nanofiber composite fabric with those of nanofiber composite fabrics prepared by the traditional technology, and the specific results are as follows:
1. stability, peel strength and appearance
Tests prove that the peeling strength of the nanofiber composite fabric is more than or equal to 9N, and the defect score of the appearance quality after washing is less than or equal to 20.
2. Hydrophilic properties
In the outdoor sport process in winter, not only gaseous water can be generated, but also the fabric is required to have certain air permeability and moisture permeability, and because the clothes are thicker in winter, a large amount of sweat can be generated during sport, if the sweat is not timely evaporated and dried, the cold is very easy to catch a cold outdoors, so the nanofiber membrane is required to have certain hydrophilicity, the diffusion and evaporation of the sweat on the fabric are quickened, and the wet and cold feeling is reduced.
Fig. 2A and fig. 2B are respectively contact angle test results of the nanofiber composite shell fabric according to the embodiment of the present invention and the nanofiber composite shell fabric according to the conventional technology. Wherein, in the preparation process of the nanofiber composite fabric in the prior art, no hydrophilic agent is added into the electrostatic spinning solution. Referring to fig. 2A, the nanofiber composite fabric according to the embodiment of the invention mostly permeates into the composite fabric after water drops for 0.5 s. Referring to fig. 2B, in the nanofiber composite fabric of the conventional art, the dropped water drops still do not penetrate into the composite fabric until 30 s.
3. Air permeability, moisture permeability and thermal insulation
The air permeability, the moisture permeability and the heat preservation of the nanofiber membrane are a pair of contradictory properties, the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the membrane are good, the porosity of the fabric is high or the aperture is large, and the convection heat transfer effect is good, so that the heat preservation can be poor. Conversely, the air and moisture permeability is poor, the convective heat transfer effect of the film is poor, and the heat retaining property is changed. The air permeability and the moisture permeability are regulated by controlling the diameter and the thickness of the fiber.
In order to find the best solution to achieve a balance between moisture permeability and thermal insulation, the applicant performed orthogonal experiments with fiber diameter and film thickness as variables. Wherein the fiber diameter is between 200nm and 1000nm, and the film thickness is between 0.01mm and 0.06mm, and the results are shown in the following table.
Fig. 3A is a graph of air permeability versus heat retention for orthogonal experimental samples. As can be seen from fig. 3A, the higher the air permeability, the higher the self-cooling temperature, and the worse the heat retaining property. As shown by the data points on the far right side, the self-cooling difference between the composite fabric without the nanofiber membrane and the composite fabric with the membrane is about 8 ℃, and the heat preservation effect is obvious.
According to the relation curve of air permeability and heat preservation, the temperature of the fiber membrane is taken as a heat preservation threshold value at the temperature of 1.5 ℃, and the human body at the temperature of more than 1.5 ℃ has obvious cooling body feeling, so the air permeability of the fiber membrane is less than 25 mm/s. FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the graph of air permeability versus heat retention of FIG. 3A with air permeability of 45mm/s or less. In addition, the moisture permeability of the fabric is more than or equal to 8000g/m when the human body moves vigorously 2 D can meet the comfort requirement, and the moisture permeability is more than or equal to 5000g/m during slight exercise 2 D, the parameter range selected in the embodiment is that the self-cooling temperature is less than or equal to 1.5 ℃, the air permeability is less than or equal to 25mm/s, and the moisture permeability is more than or equal to 8000g/m 2 D or more. Can keep warm and has certain air permeability and moisture permeability. It is thus found that the optimum fiber diameter ranges from 400 to 800nm and the thickness ranges from 0.02 to 0.04mm.
Under the guidance of the principle above, the applicant selects nanofiber composite fabrics in orthogonal experiments for further detailed testing. In these composite fabrics, the nanofiber membrane thicknessThe fiber diameter is between 400 and 800nm and is between 0.02 and 0.04mm, the average pore diameter of the obtained fiber membrane is between 0.5 and 2 mu m, the porosity is between 70 and 90 percent, the self-cooling temperature is less than or equal to 1.5 ℃, the air permeability is less than or equal to 25mm/s, and the moisture permeability is more than or equal to 8000g/m 2 D. Through tests, the air permeability of the composite fabrics is between 5mm/s and 25mm/s, and the moisture permeability is between 10300 and 14000g/m 2 The temperature reduction temperature delta T is between 0.5 and 1 ℃ within 24 hours. Wherein the temperature difference DeltaT of the temperature reduction is the temperature difference of the inner sides of the fabric before and after air supply, and is obtained by testing under the condition that the air speed of the surface of the fabric is controlled to be 1-5m/s and the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ by using an air supply device.
Thus, embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, for some implementations, if they are not critical to the present invention and are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, they are not described in detail in the drawings or the specification, and may be understood with reference to the related art.
Furthermore, the above definitions of the elements and methods are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and may be modified or replaced simply by one skilled in the art, for example:
(1) The material selection of the inner layer base cloth and the outer layer base cloth is only preferable, and the inner layer base cloth and the outer layer base cloth can also be other fabrics.
(2) The temperature and humidity, spinning parameters and the like can be finely adjusted, and the scope is not strictly limited.
The present invention should be clearly recognized by those skilled in the art in light of the above description.
In conclusion, the parameters of the fineness, thickness, porosity, temperature and humidity of the nanofiber are adjusted by controlling factors such as the addition of the hydrophilic agent, the electrostatic spinning process conditions, the selection of the inner base fabric, and the like, so that the multifunctional nanofiber composite fabric with the functions of moisture conductivity, moisture permeability, ventilation, wind prevention and heat preservation is prepared, meanwhile, the multifunctional nanofiber composite fabric has the advantage of good stability, and has a good application prospect.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments, directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., refer to the directions of the drawings only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Like elements are denoted by like or similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may cause confusion in understanding the present invention.
And the shapes and dimensions of the various elements in the drawings do not reflect actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
Unless clearly indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters in the specification and claims of the present invention may be approximations that may vary depending upon the context in which the present invention is utilized. In particular, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about", and are intended to include variations of + -10%, in some embodiments + -5%, in some embodiments + -1%, in some embodiments + -0.5% by a particular amount.
Furthermore, the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
Ordinal numbers, such as letters, etc., used in the specification and the claims to modify a corresponding step are intended to be used only for distinguishing one step from another with a certain name and do not indicate any ordinal number of the step nor the order of the step and the other step. I.e., the order of the steps described above is not limited to the list above, and may be changed or rearranged according to the desired design, unless specifically described or the steps must occur sequentially. In addition, the above embodiments may be mixed with each other or other embodiments based on design and reliability, i.e. the technical features of the different embodiments may be freely combined to form more embodiments.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

Claims (7)

1. The production method of the nanofiber composite fabric is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A, preparing electrostatic spinning solution containing hydrophilic agent;
step B, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, and enabling the electrostatic spinning solution to form nano fibers with hydrophilic characteristics on the inner-layer base cloth after sizing through high-pressure jet flow to prepare intermediate cloth with a nano fiber membrane/inner-layer base cloth structure;
step C, laminating and compounding the intermediate cloth and the rubberized outer layer base cloth to prepare a nanofiber composite fabric with an outer layer base cloth/nanofiber membrane/inner layer base cloth composite structure;
wherein, the step A comprises the following steps: mixing an organic solvent and a hydrophilic agent to form a mixed solution; adding polyurethane slices into the mixed solution to obtain the electrostatic spinning solution; wherein the hydrophilic agent comprises the following components: the mass percentage of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is between 22.5 and 24.5 percent; the mass percentage of the fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether is between 70.5 percent and 74.5 percent; the organic solvent is N, N-dimethylformamide, the polyurethane slice accounts for 18-24% of the solvent of the machine, and the hydrophilic agent accounts for 2-4% of the polyurethane slice;
in the step B, the temperature of electrostatic spinning is between 25 and 40 ℃, the humidity is between 40 and 60 percent, and the diameter of the nanofiber is between 400 and 800 nm; the thickness of the nanofiber membrane is between 0.02mm and 0.04mm, the average pore diameter is between 0.5 mu m and 2 mu m, and the porosity is between 70% and 90%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step B comprises:
step B1, feeding the rubberized inner layer base cloth into an electrostatic spinning device through an unreeling device, and adjusting tension to enable the inner layer base cloth to be tightly attached to a collecting roller;
step B2, adopting an electrostatic spinning process, continuously extruding electrostatic spinning solution through a peristaltic pump liquid supply system, forming nanofibers with hydrophilic characteristics through high-pressure jet flow, and collecting the nanofibers on the inner base cloth;
step B3, feeding the inner layer base cloth with the nanofibers formed into a shaping dryer for heating and drying, and removing residual solvents in the nanofibers;
and B4, taking the intermediate cloth out of the shaping dryer through a winding device to prepare the intermediate cloth with a nanofiber membrane/inner layer base cloth structure.
3. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in the substep B3, the temperature of the heating and drying is between 30 ℃ and 80 ℃;
in the substep B2, the spinning voltage is between 28KV and 40KV, the reciprocating width is between 25mm and 90mm, the reciprocating speed is between 10mm/s and 60mm/s, the spraying height is between 100mm and 290mm, the needle rows are between 6 rows and 18 rows, the needle number is between 120 and 360, and the base cloth traction speed is between 1mm/s and 10 mm/s.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the lamination temperature is 130-150 ℃, the lamination time is 10-15 s, and the lamination pressure is 0.5Mpa.
5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the step B further comprises the following steps: coating rubber powder on one side of the inner-layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the inner-layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form glue points, and finally rolling to obtain the rubberized inner-layer base cloth;
the step C is preceded by the following steps: coating rubber powder on one side of the outer layer base cloth by using a cold transfer dispenser, sending the outer layer base cloth into a drying room to heat and melt the rubber powder, cooling and solidifying at normal temperature to form rubber points, and finally rolling to obtain the outer layer base cloth after sizing;
wherein the components of the rubber powder are polyester polyurethane, the temperature of a drying room is between 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, and the rubberizing amount of the inner layer base cloth and the outer layer base cloth is 5g/m 2 ～15g/m 2 Between them.
6. A nanofiber composite shell fabric, characterized by being prepared by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The nanofiber composite facing as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the inner layer base cloth is single-sided polar fleece fabric; the outer base cloth is acrylic viscose jersey or lamb velvet fabric.
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CN114948429B (en) * 2022-06-01 2023-07-28 暨南大学 Hydrophilic-hydrophobic fiber combined processing equipment and processing method
CN115384171A (en) * 2022-07-20 2022-11-25 湖州贝彩纳米科技有限公司 Preparation method of waterproof fabric applying electrostatic spinning nano fibers

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