CN114083450A - Superhard material grinding tool dressing tool and preparation method and dressing method thereof - Google Patents
Superhard material grinding tool dressing tool and preparation method and dressing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114083450A CN114083450A CN202111497963.3A CN202111497963A CN114083450A CN 114083450 A CN114083450 A CN 114083450A CN 202111497963 A CN202111497963 A CN 202111497963A CN 114083450 A CN114083450 A CN 114083450A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/12—Dressing tools; Holders therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0072—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using adhesives for bonding abrasive particles or grinding elements to a support, e.g. by gluing
Abstract
The invention discloses a dressing tool of a superhard material grinding tool and a preparation method thereof, wherein the dressing tool comprises the following steps: (1) mixing materials: selecting and mixing diamond, graphite powder, silicon powder and metal powder; (2) and (3) sintering: putting the mixed powder into a die cavity of a die, and pressing into a trimming block blank; (3) consolidation: and fixing the trimming block blank to a trimming tool base body. The trimming efficiency is high, the trimming effect is good, and the service life of the trimming tool is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of superhard material grinding tools, in particular to a finishing tool and a finishing method for a superhard material grinding tool.
Background
With the progress of scientific technology and the development of society, high speed, high efficiency, precision and greenness are the main development trend of processing technology. The superhard material grinding tool which is praised as the industrial tooth has excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, acoustic, electrical and chemical properties, can meet different precision machining requirements of various industries, is a necessary tool for supporting advanced manufacturing technologies such as automation, intellectualization and flexibility, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, electronic information, high-speed rail, new energy, automobiles, ships, refrigeration, high-grade numerical control machines and the like, and occupies a very important strategic position in national defense construction, national economic construction and advanced scientific and technical development.
The superhard material grinding tool is a tool for grinding, lapping and polishing, and is a grinding tool with certain strength and shape which is prepared by bonding superhard abrasives such as diamond, CBN and the like together by using materials such as resin, ceramics, metal and the like as bonding agents through a physical or chemical method and a special process. The superhard material grinding tool is generally composed of a base body and a working layer, wherein the working layer mainly comprises superhard grinding materials, a bonding agent and air holes, the bonding agent plays a role in bonding and holding the grinding materials, the hardness of the bonding agent is far lower than that of the superhard grinding materials, the superhard grinding materials are provided with a large number of micro-blades, the exposure height of the superhard grinding materials is higher than that of surrounding bonding agents, the bonding agent is a main body participating in workpiece material removal, the superhard grinding materials rub and cut to remove the workpiece materials in the grinding process to further process the workpiece, the content of the superhard grinding materials (such as diamond or CBN) is generally low, and the volume fraction is generally below 40%.
Before the grinding of the superhard material grinding tool, the superhard grinding material is buried in the bonding agent, so that the effective processing is difficult. After the superhard material grinding tool is used for a certain time, the micro blade of the superhard grinding material is dull under the friction action of a workpiece material, the exposed height of the superhard grinding material is reduced or the superhard grinding material is buried in a bonding agent, and the superhard material grinding tool is passivated and difficult to carry out further grinding processing. In order to effectively process the superhard material grinding tool, the superhard material grinding tool needs to be dressed before being used or after being used for a certain time. Dressing is to shape and sharpen the superhard material abrasive tool by using a dressing tool. Shaping, namely processing a working layer of the superhard material grinding tool into a designed shape, removing unnecessary parts, particularly a special-shaped working layer, and having larger shaping workload; in the use process of the superhard material grinding tool, due to the fact that the superhard grinding material and the bonding agent are difficult to achieve synchronous consumption, the size and the structure of a working layer are changed in different ways after the superhard material grinding tool is used for a certain time, and shaping processing needs to be performed frequently. Sharpening, namely removing the bonding agent around the superhard abrasive to expose the superhard abrasive to a certain height to have certain cutting capacity, and simultaneously crushing the superhard abrasive to form a large number of cutting edges. Because the working layer of the superhard material grinding tool contains a large amount of superhard grinding materials (diamond or CBN), the dressing work difficulty is large, and the efficient exertion and the wide application of the performance of the superhard material grinding tool are limited. Therefore, the dressing of the superhard material grinding tool is an essential important process in the using process of the superhard material grinding tool and is a bottleneck problem for limiting the acceleration of the popularization and the application of the superhard material grinding tool.
Aiming at the problem that the superhard material grinding tool is difficult to finish, the currently industrially applied finishing tool mainly comprises a silicon carbide grinding wheel or a diamond finishing roller.
The superhard material grinding tool for repairing the silicon carbide grinding wheel mainly has the following defects:
1. the service life is short. Because the hardness of the silicon carbide is lower than that of the superhard abrasive, when the superhard material grinding tool is dressed, the silicon carbide grinding wheel is ground by the superhard material grinding tool, so that the service life of the silicon carbide grinding wheel is short.
2. The dressing effect is poor. When the silicon carbide grinding wheel repairs the superhard material grinding tool, the binding agent in the superhard material grinding tool is mainly removed, the superhard grinding material is difficult to break, and micro blades appear, so that the sharpness of the superhard grinding material is insufficient, and the trimming effect is relatively poor.
3. The dressing efficiency is low. Because the hardness of the silicon carbide is lower than that of the superhard abrasive material, the synchronous removal of the working layer of the superhard material grinding tool is difficult to realize, and particularly, concave-convex parts appear on the working layer or the working layer with a special-shaped structure, so that the dressing work needs to be carried out for a long time.
The diamond roller mainly comprises an electroplated diamond roller with a single layer of grinding materials and a multi-layer metal sintered diamond roller, and the superhard material grinding tool repaired by the diamond roller mainly has the following defects:
1. the service life is short. Because the diamond has very high chemical inertness, the electroplated diamond roller and the sintered diamond roller are both used for consolidating diamond abrasive grains in a mechanical embedding mode, and the superhard material grinding tool is trimmed by the diamond abrasive grains.
2. The dressing efficiency is low. Because the hardness and the holding force of the bonding agent to the diamond are equivalent to the abrasive of the superhard material grinding tool, the diamond roller is difficult to synchronously remove the working layer of the superhard material grinding tool, and particularly, the concave-convex part appears on the working layer or the working layer of the special-shaped structure, so that the finishing work needs to be carried out for a long time.
How to realize the efficient finishing processing of the superhard material grinding tool is a bottleneck problem which puzzles technical personnel in the field of grinding tools and needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a dressing tool and a dressing method for a superhard material grinding tool.
A superhard material abrasive tool dressing tool comprises a dressing block and a dressing tool base, wherein the dressing block is fixedly connected to the dressing tool base.
Preferably, the consolidation is performed with a binder.
Preferably, the trimming block is fixedly connected with the outer circumferential surface of the trimming tool base body.
A method for preparing a dressing tool of a superhard material grinding tool comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: selecting and mixing diamond, graphite powder, silicon powder and metal powder;
(2) and (3) sintering: putting the mixed powder into a die cavity of a die, and pressing into a trimming block blank;
(3) consolidation: and fixing the trimming block blank to a trimming tool base body.
Preferably, in the step (1), single or mixed-particle diamond with the particle size of 5-500 microns, graphite powder with the particle size of below 20 microns, silicon powder with the purity of 99.99 percent and titanium powder, aluminum powder or copper powder with the particle size of below 100 microns are selected, and the volume ratio is 40-60: 3-8:20-40: 2-10.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature is 1350-.
A method for dressing a superhard material grinding tool comprises the following steps:
shaping: the granularity of the diamond is 1 to 3 times of the granularity of the superhard abrasive material in the superhard material grinding tool;
or sharpening: the granularity of the diamond is 0.1 to 0.8 times of the granularity of the superhard abrasive material in the superhard material abrasive tool.
Preferably, in the dressing and dressing, the line speed of the dressing tool is 0.3 to 0.8 times the line speed of the superhard material abrasive tool.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dressing efficiency is high. Because the diamond dressing tool contains the diamond with higher proportion and higher hardness, and the silicon carbide is used as the bonding agent, the silicon carbide firmly holds the diamond in a chemical bonding mode, the structure can easily remove the superhard material grinding tool with weaker bonding agent strength and lower holding force of the bonding agent on the superhard grinding material, the material removal rate is higher, and the dressing efficiency is high.
2. The finishing effect is good. The diamond dressing tool has a good shape retention property, can quickly remove a bonding agent in the superhard material grinding tool, and scratches and impacts superhard grinding materials to form a large number of micro blades, so that the superhard material grinding tool has high sharpness.
3. The service life of the dressing tool is long. Based on the structure of the diamond dressing tool, the strength of the bonding agent is higher than that of the bonding agent of the superhard material grinding tool, and the holding force of the diamond is higher than that of the bonding agent of the superhard material grinding tool to the superhard abrasive, so that the diamond dressing tool can effectively process the superhard material grinding tool, has low self-loss and has longer service life.
And 4, in order to improve the dressing efficiency and effect of the superhard material grinding tool, the diamond with higher hardness is used as the main material of the dressing tool, and in order to prolong the service life of the dressing tool, the silicon carbide capable of chemically combining and holding the diamond is used as a bonding agent to prepare the dressing tool. Meanwhile, a diamond finishing tool with coarser granularity is adopted to finish a superhard material grinding tool with finer granularity so as to improve finishing efficiency (because the bonding strength of diamond abrasive particles and silicon carbide in the diamond finishing tool is higher than the bonding strength of superhard abrasive materials and bonding agents in the superhard material grinding tool, the diamond with coarser granularity can cut and remove the superhard abrasive particles and the bonding agents in the superhard material grinding tool at higher exposed height, the profile of a working layer of the superhard material grinding tool can reach an expected shape with higher material removal rate so as to improve finishing efficiency, the diamond finishing tool with finer granularity is adopted to finish the superhard material grinding tool with coarser granularity so as to improve finishing effect, the diamond with finer granularity can scrape and crush the superhard abrasive particles with coarser granularity so as to form a large number of cutting micro-blades, to improve the finishing effect. In the dressing process, the strength of the binding agent of the superhard material grinding tool is lower than that of the silicon carbide binding agent of the diamond dressing tool, superhard abrasive particles of the superhard material grinding tool are difficult to enter the diamond dressing tool, the silicon carbide binding agent effectively controls diamond and plays a role in buffering and protecting the diamond, and the diamond in the dressing tool is easy to enter the superhard material grinding tool to remove the binding agent, so that the service life of the diamond dressing tool is greatly prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a dressing tool for a superhard material abrasive tool.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the trimming block.
Detailed Description
A superhard material grinding tool finishing tool comprises a finishing block 1 and a finishing tool base body 2, wherein the finishing block 1 is fixedly connected with the finishing tool base body 2, and a bonding agent 3 can be adopted.
Example 1
A method for preparing a dressing tool of a superhard material grinding tool comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: diamond powder with the granularity of 100 mu m, graphite powder with the granularity of 10 mu m, silicon powder with the granularity of 20 mu m and titanium powder with the granularity of 20 mu m are adopted, and the volume ratio is 60:5:30: 5;
(2) and (3) sintering: pressing the mixture into a trimming block blank on an SPS sintering machine at 1600 ℃ and 50 MPa;
(3) fixedly connecting: and adhering the trimming block blank to the outer circumferential surface of the disc base body of the trimming tool with the diameter of 200 mm.
In the SPS sintering process, the diamond and the silicon powder in the mixed powder body and the graphite powder and the silicon powder are subjected to chemical reaction to generate silicon carbide, so that the sintered trimming block mainly comprises the diamond, the silicon carbide and a small amount of metal phase, the silicon carbide and the diamond are combined through the chemical reaction, the bonding strength is high, the silicon carbide has high hardness and certain toughness, the diamond is effectively protected, the diamond is not easy to fall off or break, and the service life is prolonged.
Example 2
A method for preparing a dressing tool of a superhard material grinding tool comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: diamond powder with the granularity of 50 microns, graphite powder with the granularity of 15 microns, silicon powder with the granularity of 10 microns and titanium powder with the granularity of 30 microns are mixed according to the volume ratio of 50:8:35: 7;
(2) and (3) sintering: pressing the mixture into a trimming block blank on an SPS sintering machine at 1500 ℃ and 100MPa,
(3) fixedly connecting: and adhering the trimming block blank to the outer circumferential surface of the disc base body of the trimming tool with the diameter of 200 mm.
Example 3
A method for trimming a superhard material grinding tool is characterized in that a diamond trimming tool with the granularity of 100 mu m is used for reshaping a ceramic bond diamond grinding wheel with the granularity of 50 mu m, and the process is as follows: the linear speed of the dressing tool is 50m/s, and the linear speed of the diamond grinding wheel is 80 m/s. The dressing efficiency is more than 2 times of that of the traditional dressing tool, and the service life is more than 3 times of that of the traditional dressing tool.
Example 4
A method for dressing a superhard material grinding tool, which utilizes a diamond dressing tool with the granularity of 50 mu m to dress a ceramic bond diamond grinding wheel with the granularity of 150 mu m, and the process is as follows: the linear speed of the dressing tool is 60m/s, and the linear speed of the diamond grinding wheel is 90 m/s. The dressing efficiency is more than 2.5 times of that of the traditional dressing tool, and the service life is more than 4 times of that of the traditional dressing tool.
Claims (8)
1. A superhard materials grinding apparatus dressing tool, characterized by: the trimming block is fixedly connected with the trimming tool base body.
2. A superhard material abrasive tool dressing tool according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) adopting a binder to perform consolidation.
3. A superhard material abrasive tool dressing tool according to claim 1, wherein: the trimming block is fixedly connected with the outer circumferential surface of the trimming tool base body.
4. A preparation method of a finishing tool of a superhard material grinding tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing materials: selecting and mixing diamond, graphite powder, silicon powder and metal powder;
(2) and (3) sintering: putting the mixed powder into a die cavity of a die, and pressing into a trimming block blank;
(3) consolidation: and fixing the trimming block blank to a trimming tool base body.
5. The method for preparing a dressing tool of a grinding tool of a superhard material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), single or mixed-particle diamond with a particle size of 5-500 μm, graphite powder with a particle size of less than 20 μm, silicon powder with a purity of 99.99% and titanium powder, aluminum powder or copper powder with a particle size of less than 100 μm are selected, and the volume ratio is 40-60: 3-8:20-40: 2-10.
6. The method for preparing a dressing tool of an ultra-hard material abrasive tool as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature is 1350-.
7. A method for dressing a superhard material grinding tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
shaping: the granularity of the diamond is 1 to 3 times of the granularity of the superhard abrasive material in the superhard material grinding tool;
or sharpening: the granularity of the diamond is 0.1 to 0.8 times of the granularity of the superhard abrasive material in the superhard material abrasive tool.
8. A method of dressing a superhard material abrasive tool according to claim 7, wherein the linear velocity of the dressing tool is 0.3 to 0.8 times the linear velocity of the superhard material abrasive tool during dressing and dressing.
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| CN202111497963.3A CN114083450A (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Superhard material grinding tool dressing tool and preparation method and dressing method thereof |
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| CN202111497963.3A CN114083450A (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Superhard material grinding tool dressing tool and preparation method and dressing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (9)
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| WO2004108630A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Diamond-silicon carbide composite and method for preparation thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220225 |
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