CN114083172A - 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by aluminum alloy powder surface oxide film in-situ particles and manufacturing method - Google Patents
7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by aluminum alloy powder surface oxide film in-situ particles and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using in-situ particles of an oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy powder and a manufacturing method thereof belong to the technical field of aluminum alloy powder core wires. The aluminum-magnesium alloy is taken as the outer skin, and the chemical components and the dosage of the medicine core powder are as follows by mass percent: 0.1-12% of Al2O3 nano-particles, 0.1-10% of pure aluminum nano-particles, 3-25% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 5-10% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 5-20% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 5-11% of potassium fluotitanate, 5-11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder; the filling rate of the welding wire is 15-45%, and micro and nano oxide films are uniformly distributed on the surface of the powder by controlling the particle size of the powder and the air content concentration during powder passivation. The potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, the potassium fluotitanate and the potassium fluoborate can break an oxide film of aluminum in a welding pool and uniformly distribute the oxide film in weld metal, thereby improving the strength of the weld and inhibiting the generation of cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy powder core wire rods, and particularly relates to a 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by in-situ particles of an oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy powder and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, light weight and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit and the like. Aluminum alloy accounts for more than 70% of the early long-standing series spacecrafts in China, and the high-speed rail vehicle body independently researched and developed in China almost completely uses aluminum alloy. Along with the development of aerospace industry and the improvement of the localization proportion of manufacturing, the demand on aluminum alloy, especially ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, is sharply improved. 7075 it is a typical grade of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy, added with alloy elements such as Mg, Zn, Cu, etc. to enhance its strength, ultra-high strength and hardness and heat treatable characteristics increase its application in aerospace field. But also makes the 7075 aluminum alloy welding problem increasingly prominent.
7075 aluminum alloy is welded by gas tungsten arc welding, CMT, friction stir welding and other welding methods. The tungsten electrode gas shielded welding and the CMT welding have the advantages of high efficiency, good quality and the like, and are suitable for welding large complex parts. However, the conventional fusion welding method is easy to generate defects such as thermal cracks, joint softening, pores, serious component segregation and the like during welding, wherein the damage caused by the thermal cracks and the joint softening is particularly prominent. 7075 aluminum alloy has more elements, is easy to oxidize and segregate, and has wider time intervals in solidification. And the aluminum alloy has a large thermal expansion coefficient, and generates large residual stress when being heated or cooled. In the special thermal cycle process of welding rapid heating and rapid cooling, liquid is not fully filled, dendrites are mutually drawn, and a welding seam generates thermal cracks under the condition of larger residual stress. In addition, 5356 welding wire, which is commonly used for welding 7075 aluminum alloy, dilutes base metal in a welding seam area, and causes joint softening. Therefore, the serious defect generated during welding of the 7075 aluminum alloy seriously hinders the large-scale application of the 7075 aluminum alloy in the fields of aerospace and rail traffic, inhibits the generation of thermal cracks during welding, and improves the joint strength, which is a problem to be solved urgently in the field of aluminum alloy welding.
Introduction of micro-and nano-reinforcing particles into aluminum alloys by in situ synthesis has become very common in aluminum alloy casting. The micro-nano particles promote heterogeneous nucleation effect when the aluminum alloy is solidified, refine crystal grains and simultaneously improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy. The thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder is micro-level and nano-level, and the powder components are regulated and controlled to automatically break and uniformly disperse during welding, so that the in-situ reinforcing effect is achieved. Not only the crystal grains are refined, but also the filling of liquid metal is promoted, the generation of thermal cracks during welding is inhibited, the strength of the joint is improved, and the mechanical property of the joint is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by using in-situ particles of an oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy powder and a preparation method, and aims to realize the in-situ particle reinforcing effect on weld metal by using an oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder and solve the problem that the powder of the aluminum alloy powder core wire rod is difficult to form metallurgical bonding with a base metal during welding. The technical scheme is as follows:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by utilizing oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder comprises an aluminum magnesium alloy sheath and medicine core powder, and is characterized in that the medicine core powder comprises the following raw material chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.1-12% of Al2O3 nano-particles, 0.1-10% of pure aluminum nano-particles, 3-25% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 5-10% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 5-21% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 5-11% of potassium fluotitanate, 5-11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder (preferably containing aluminum powder or preferably not 0); the welding wire filling rate is 15-45%.
The particle diameters of the Al2O3 nano-particles and the pure aluminum nano-particles are preferably 20nm-85 nm;
the particle sizes of the metal alloy magnesium-aluminum alloy, the zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder and the aluminum powder are 32-400 meshes, the shapes are similar to spheres, and the textures are uniform.
The particle size of the aluminum powder is 32-400 meshes.
The magnesium-aluminum alloy powder is preferably AZ31 magnesium-aluminum alloy with the magnesium content of more than 94%, and the zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder is preferably Zn1.0Cu0.5Ti alloy powder with the zinc content of more than 92%.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the magnesium aluminum alloy powder to the zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder is controlled to be 0.25-2.5, and the mass ratio of the potassium fluotitanate to the potassium fluoborate powder is controlled to be 1: 1.
The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by the aluminum alloy powder surface oxide film in-situ particles is characterized in that the outer skin of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod is a 5356 aluminum belt with the width of 8-15 mm and the thickness of 0.3-0.8 mm.
The powder core wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
nanometer particles:
Al2O3nano-particles: providing stable heterogeneous nucleation core, refining crystal grains, providing heterogeneous nucleation core, refining crystal grains and changing crystal grain form.
Pure aluminum nanoparticles: providing a nanoscale heteronucleation core.
② alloy powder
Magnesium-aluminum alloy powder: and (4) transition of magnesium element into the welding seam to form a strengthening phase. The magnesium element may react with the aluminum oxide layer to break the continuity of the oxide layer.
Zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder: and (4) transferring zinc, copper and titanium elements into the welding seam. Zinc is a main strengthening phase element and can improve the mechanical property of the welding seam; copper reduces the potential difference between the crystal boundary and the intra-crystal boundary, and inhibits the tendency of crystal-following cracking; titanium can refine weld grains and improve mechanical properties.
③ fluorine-containing molten salt:
potassium tetrafluoroaluminate: the oxide reacts with the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum powder and the aluminum alloy powder at high temperature to generate complex oxide, the continuity of the oxide layer on the surface of the alloy is damaged, and the broken oxide layer is uniformly distributed and becomes a heterogeneous nucleation core.
Potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate: providing F-Dissolving in waterThe oxide layer of the alloy powder is removed, and the oxide layer and the alloy powder react to generate the micro-nano TiB2The method provides heterogeneous nucleation cores, refines grains, changes the grain form, pins dislocation, releases local tensile stress, improves the fluidity of liquid metal, inhibits the generation of cracks, and improves the joint strength.
Aluminum powder: providing an aluminum element and an oxide layer with the thickness of 17 nm-57 nm.
By controlling the passivation process, the thickness of the oxide layer of the 32-mesh to 400-mesh aluminum powder is generally 17nm to 57nm, and the thickness of the oxide layer on the surface of the nano-particle powder is generally 3nm to 5 nm. Providing a rich heterogeneous nucleation core.
A7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by utilizing in-situ particles of an oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy powder and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: mechanically mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles, pure aluminum nanoparticles, magnesium aluminum alloy powder, zinc copper titanium alloy powder, potassium tetrafluoroaluminate powder, potassium fluotitanate powder, potassium fluoborate powder and aluminum powder according to a ratio;
step 2: putting the powder mixed in the step 1 into a ball mill for ball milling, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the alloy powder, uniformly mixing the powder, namely removing the original oxide film, and enabling the oxide film to be controllable through later passivation;
and step 3: putting the uniform powder subjected to ball milling in the step 2 into a vacuum furnace for passivation, keeping the temperature at 200-400 ℃ for 5 hours, wherein the passivation gas is a mixed gas of air and inert gas, the air content is 0.1-5% so as to control the thickness of an oxide film on the surface of the alloy powder; the powder can be dried in the process, so that the flowability of the powder during wire drawing is improved;
and 4, step 4: selecting 5356 aluminum strip as outer skin, and preparing powder core wire;
the further step 4 is: 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 8 mm-15 mm and the thickness of 0.3 mm-0.8 mm are selected as the outer skin and sequentially pass through a blank pressing roller, a forming roller and a closing roller. When passing through the edge pressing roller, two edges of the aluminum strip respectively generate 0.5 mm-1 mm turned edges; the aluminum strip is pressed into a U-shaped channel with inward flanges as shown in fig. 1 while passing through the forming rolls. The mixed powder is uniformly filled before the aluminum strip is closed, the filling rate is 15-45%, and the closing roller is shown in figure 2. And after the welding wire is closed, the welding wire is gradually drawn and reduced one by one through wire drawing dies with different diameters, the size of the reduction is 0.05-0.25 mm each time, and the surface of the welding wire is cleaned after the reduction to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1-3.2 mm.
When in use, when the 7075 aluminum alloy is welded by adopting gas tungsten arc welding, the used process parameters are that the current is 55A-200A, the shielding gas is pure argon or high-purity argon, and the gas flow is 15L/min-25L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum alloy powder surface naturally contains micro and nano oxide layers, and the aluminum alloy powder is difficult to melt during welding to form metallurgical bonding with a base metal, so that the development of the aluminum alloy flux-cored wire is always hindered. The thickness of the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum powder and the aluminum alloy powder is controlled by controlling the particle size of the aluminum powder core and the content of air in the passivation gas, and the potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, the potassium fluotitanate, the potassium fluoborate and the higher-content magnesium-aluminum alloy are added into the aluminum alloy powder core wire, so that the oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder can be effectively crushed and uniformly dispersed in a welding pool to form uniformly distributed micro-nano heterogeneous nucleation cores, the problem of particle agglomeration after only adding nano particles is solved, the mechanical property of a joint is improved, and the generation of hot cracks is inhibited.
By adding potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate, micro-nano TiB can be generated in situ2And the distribution is uniform; as the magnesium content in the weld metal increases, the weld reinforcement phase increases. Compared with 5356 welding wire welding work piece, the welding wire has the advantages of greatly improved welding quality, remarkably enhanced mechanical property and simplified preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 aluminum strip morphology before entry into the nip roll
Figure 2 disposable closing roller for aluminum alloy powder core wire
FIG. 3 is a metallographic diagram of a weld including Ti and B elements;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments, which do not limit the scope of the invention.
The following examples include Al2O3 nanoparticles and pure aluminum nanoparticles, the alloy powder includes magnesium aluminum alloy powder and zinc copper titanium alloy powder, and the other components include 5-20% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 5-11% of potassium fluotitanate, 5-11% of potassium fluoborate, and the balance of aluminum powder.
Table 1 shows the particle size selection for the particle size of the powder core and the corresponding air content of the passivation gas.
TABLE 1 particle size of powder core particles and air content of passivation gas
| Nanoparticle size (nm) | 20～40 | 40～60 | 60～80 | 80～100 |
| Alloy powder particle size (mesh) | 271～425 | 111～270 | 61～110 | 32～60 |
| Air content (%) | 8％～7％ | 7％～4％ | 4％～2％ | 2％～0.1％ |
Example 1
A7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: al2O3 nano-particles are 20-40 nm, pure aluminum nano-particles are 20-30 nm, and the particle diameters of the alloy powder and the aluminum powder are 275-400 meshes. The air content in the passivation gas was 8%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 11% of Al2O3 nano particles, 5% of pure aluminum nano particles, 25% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 10% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 20% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 10% of potassium fluotitanate, 10% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
The preparation method of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: al2O3 nano-particles, pure aluminum nano-particles, magnesium aluminum alloy powder, zinc copper titanium alloy powder, potassium tetrafluoroaluminate powder, potassium fluotitanate powder, potassium fluoborate powder and aluminum powder are simply and mechanically mixed according to the proportion and the particle size.
Step 2: and (3) putting the mixed powder into a ball mill for ball milling for 12 hours, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the alloy powder, and uniformly mixing the powder.
And step 3: putting the ball-milled uniform powder into a vacuum furnace for passivation at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 5 hours, wherein the passivation gas is a mixed gas of air and inert gas, the air content is 8 percent, and the thickness of the oxide film on the surface of the alloy powder is controlled. The powder can be dried in the process, so that the flowability of the powder during wire drawing is improved.
And 4, step 4: 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 10mm and the thickness of 0.3mm are selected as outer skins and sequentially pass through a blank pressing roller, a forming roller and a closing roller. When passing through the edge pressing roller, two edges of the aluminum strip respectively generate 0.5mm turned edges; when passing through the forming roller, the aluminum strip is pressed into a U-shaped groove and is provided with an inward flange. Uniformly filling mixed powder before closing the aluminum strip, wherein the filling rate is 15%, gradually drawing and reducing the diameter of the aluminum strip by drawing dies with different diameters one by one after closing, wherein the diameter reduction size is 0.08mm each time, and cleaning the surface of the welding wire after reducing to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1 mm.
And 5: when the 7075 aluminum alloy is welded by adopting gas tungsten arc welding, the used process parameters are that the current is 60A, the shielding gas is pure argon, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
Example 2:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: al2O3 nano-particles are 20-25 nm, pure aluminum nano-particles are 30-40 nm, and the particle diameters of the alloy powder and the aluminum powder are 115-265 meshes. The air content in the passivation gas was 7%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 5% of Al2O3 nano-particles, 9% of pure aluminum nano-particles, 23% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 13% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 15% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 7% of potassium fluotitanate, 7% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
Example 2 the procedure for the preparation of a powder core wire differs from that of example 1 in that the ball milling time of said step 2 is 10 hours. In the step 3, the passivation temperature is 350 ℃, and the air content in the passivation gas is 7.5%. In the step 4, a 5356 aluminum strip with the width of 12mm and the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as the outer skin, and flanges with the thickness of 0.7mm are respectively generated on two sides of the aluminum strip when the aluminum strip passes through the edge pressing roller; the filling rate is 20%, the diameter reduction size is 1mm, and the diameter of the finished welding wire is 1.2 mm. The process parameter current used in the step 5 is 65A, and the gas flow is 17L/min.
Example 3:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: al2O3 nano particles are 40 nm-48 nm, pure aluminum nano particles are 40 nm-52 nm, and the particle diameters of the alloy powder and the aluminum powder are 90 meshes-110 meshes. The air content in the passivation gas was 6.8%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 11% of Al2O3 nano particles, 6% of pure aluminum nano particles, 15% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 13% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 20% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 7% of potassium fluotitanate, 7% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
Example 3 the preparation procedure of the powder core wire was different from that of example 1 in that the ball milling time of the step 2 was 9.5 hours. In the step 3, the passivation temperature is 330 ℃, and the air content in the passivation gas is 6.8%. In the step 4, 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 14mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are selected as outer skins, and flanges with the thickness of 0.8mm are respectively generated on two sides of each aluminum strip when the aluminum strips pass through the edge pressing roller; the filling rate is 23%, the reducing size is 1.3mm each time, and the diameter of the finished welding wire is 1.6 mm. The process parameter current used in the step 5 is 80A, and the gas flow is 18L/min.
Example 4:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: al2O3 nano-particles are 50 nm-59 nm, pure aluminum nano-particles are 53 nm-60 nm, and the particle diameters of the alloy powder and the aluminum powder are 64 meshes-81 meshes. The air content in the passivation gas was 5%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 8% of Al2O3 nano particles, 7% of pure aluminum nano particles, 13% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 13% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 15% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 11% of potassium fluotitanate, 11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
Example 4 the preparation procedure of the powder core wire was different from that of example 1 in that the ball milling time of the step 2 was 8 hours. In the step 3, the passivation temperature is 300 ℃, and the air content in the passivation gas is 5%. In the step 4, a 5356 aluminum strip with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as the outer skin, and flanges with the thickness of 0.9mm are respectively generated on two sides of the aluminum strip when the aluminum strip passes through the edge pressing roller; the filling rate is 24%, the reducing size is 1.4mm each time, and the diameter of the finished welding wire is 2 mm. The process parameter current used in the step 5 is 160A, and the gas flow is 19L/min.
Example 5:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: 65 nm-80 nm of Al2O3 nano particles, 63 nm-75 nm of pure aluminum nano particles, 53-60 meshes of alloy powder and aluminum powder particle size. The air content in the passivation gas was 3.9%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 10% of Al2O3 nano particles, 10% of pure aluminum nano particles, 13% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 9% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 18% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 6% of potassium fluotitanate, 6% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
Example 5 the preparation procedure of the powder core wire was different from that of example 1 in that the ball milling time of the step 2 was 7.5 hours. In the step 3, the passivation temperature is 280 ℃, and the air content in the passivation gas is 3.9%. In the step 4, a 5356 aluminum strip with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as the outer skin, and two sides of the aluminum strip are respectively provided with a flanging with the thickness of 1mm when passing through the edge pressing roller; the filling rate is 30%, the diameter reduction size is 1.5mm, and the diameter of the finished welding wire is 2.2 mm. The process parameter current used in the step 5 is 180A, and the gas flow is 20L/min.
Example 6:
a7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder has the following particle sizes: 85-100 Al2O3 nano particles, 83-97 pure aluminum nano particles, and 32-45 meshes of alloy powder and aluminum powder particle size. The air content in the passivation gas was 2%. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 7% of Al2O3 nano particles, 3% of pure aluminum nano particles, 10% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 8% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 20% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 11% of potassium fluotitanate, 11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder.
Example 6 the preparation procedure of the powder core wire was different from that of example 1 in that the ball milling time of the step 2 was 6 hours. In the step 3, the passivation temperature is 260 ℃, and the air content in the passivation gas is 2%. In the step 4, a 5356 aluminum strip with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as the outer skin, and two sides of the aluminum strip are respectively provided with a flanging with the thickness of 1mm when passing through the edge pressing roller; the filling rate is 35%, the diameter reduction size is 1.8mm, and the diameter of the finished welding wire is 2.6 mm. The process parameter current used in the step 5 is 200A, and the gas flow is 20L/min.
Comparative example 1
A common aluminum alloy solid welding wire ER4047 with the diameter of 1.2mm is used for welding a 7075 aluminum alloy plate, the welding process is argon arc welding, protective gas is 99.99% pure argon, the welding current is 65A, the gas flow is 15L/min, and an oxide layer passivated by the aluminum plate needs to be polished before welding.
Comparative example 2
The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using the oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder has the following particle size: 39-46 nm Al2O3 nano particles, 40-45 nm pure aluminum nano particles and 90-110 meshes of alloy powder and aluminum powder particle size. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 10% of Al2O3 nano particles, 7% of pure aluminum nano particles, 15% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 13% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder and the balance of aluminum powder. 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are selected as outer skins, and the outer skins are put into a ball mill for ball milling for 9 hours after simple powder mixing. After ball milling, the uniformly mixed powder is put into passivation gas containing 6.8 percent of air for surface passivation. The flux-cored wire with the filling rate of 26 percent and the diameter of 1.6mm is manufactured by drawing through a powder-cored wire manufacturing device. Argon arc welding is used for welding. The process parameters used were current 75A and gas flow 18L/min.
Comparative example 3
The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by using the oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder has the following particle size: 48-57 nm Al2O3 nano particles, 55-64 nm pure aluminum nano particles, and 64-83 meshes of alloy powder and aluminum powder particle size. The medicinal powder core comprises the following components (in mass percent): 8% of Al2O3 nano particles, 7% of pure aluminum nano particles, 13% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 13% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 15% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 11% of potassium fluotitanate, 11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder. 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 0.5mm are selected as outer skins, and the outer skins are put into a ball mill for ball milling for 7.5 hours after simple powder mixing. And drawing the uniformly mixed powder subjected to ball milling into a flux-cored wire with the filling rate of 24% and the diameter of the wire of 2mm by a powder-cored wire preparation device. Argon arc welding is used for welding. The process parameters used were 160A of current and 19L/min of gas flow.
Table 2 the 7075 aluminum alloy composition, 5356 aluminum strip composition and ER4047 wire chemistry (wt.%) used in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3.
Flux-cored wires prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to welding tests: the welding method adopts alternating current argon arc welding, the welding current is 60A-200A, the welding test plate is a 7075 aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 2.5mm, the welding speed is 60mm/min, and the gas flow is 15L/min-20L/min. The aluminum alloy test plate is subjected to flat butt welding, and the splashing of the aluminum alloy test plate and the metallurgical bonding process of the flux-cored wire and the base metal are detected. The mechanical properties, air hole sensitivity and the like of the weld joint are evaluated after welding, and the sensitivity of the weld joint is tested by adopting an annular test, and the device is shown in figure 3. The results show that: the flux-cored wire manufactured according to the manufacturing method and the formula components of the invention has good welding seam quality, remarkably improved crack resistance and remarkably increased tensile strength; however, the flux-cored wire manufactured by the method outside the formula range of the invention or without the manufacturing method of the invention has poor welding quality, obvious cracks and serious joint softening. The results of the weld property tests of the examples are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 crack sensitivity and mechanical properties for each example and comparative example.
Firstly, 100mmx100mmx2mm aluminium plate and
in the crack sensitivity test of the aluminum sheet of (1), check is good, pass is indicated by O, and fail is indicated by X. The concrete expression is as follows: no macroscopic and microscopic cracks appear in the annular weld joint and the mark is good; marking the occurrence of a small amount of micro cracks as qualified; the occurrence of a large number of microcracks or macrocracks was regarded as unacceptable.
Claims (10)
1. A7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire rod reinforced by utilizing oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder comprises an aluminum magnesium alloy sheath and medicine core powder, and is characterized in that the medicine core powder comprises the following raw material chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.1-12% of Al2O3 nano-particles, 0.1-10% of pure aluminum nano-particles, 3-25% of magnesium aluminum alloy powder, 5-10% of zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder, 5-21% of potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, 5-11% of potassium fluotitanate, 5-11% of potassium fluoborate and the balance of aluminum powder, wherein the preferable aluminum powder is not 0; the welding wire filling rate is 15-45%.
2. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle diameters of the nano-particles Al2O3 and the pure aluminum nano-particles are preferably 20nm to 85 nm.
3. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder as recited in claim 1, wherein the particle sizes of the metal alloy magnesium-aluminum alloy powder and the zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder are both 32-400 meshes, the shapes are approximately spherical, and the textures are uniform.
4. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the aluminum powder is 32-400 meshes.
5. A7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced with oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium aluminum alloy powder is preferably AZ31 magnesium aluminum alloy with a magnesium content of > 94%, and the zinc copper titanium alloy powder is preferably Zn1.0Cu0.5Ti alloy powder with a zinc content of > 92%.
6. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder is characterized in that the mass ratio of the magnesium aluminum alloy powder to the zinc-copper-titanium alloy powder is controlled to be 0.25-2.5, and the mass ratio of the potassium fluotitanate to the potassium fluoborate powder is controlled to be 1: 1.
7. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by the in-situ particles of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder as recited in claim 1, wherein the sheath is 5356 aluminum strip with a width of 8mm to 15mm and a thickness of 0.3mm to 0.8 mm.
8. The method for preparing 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced by in-situ particles of oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloy powder as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mechanically mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles, pure aluminum nanoparticles, magnesium aluminum alloy powder, zinc copper titanium alloy powder, potassium tetrafluoroaluminate powder, potassium fluotitanate powder, potassium fluoborate powder and aluminum powder according to a ratio;
step 2: putting the powder mixed in the step 1 into a ball mill for ball milling, removing an oxide layer on the surface of the alloy powder, and uniformly mixing the powder;
and step 3: putting the uniform powder subjected to ball milling in the step 2 into a vacuum furnace for passivation, keeping the temperature at 200-400 ℃ for 5 hours, wherein the passivation gas is a mixed gas of air and inert gas, the air content is 0.1-5% so as to control the thickness of an oxide film on the surface of the alloy powder; the powder can be dried in the process, so that the flowability of the powder during wire drawing is improved;
and 4, step 4: 5356 aluminum tape is selected as the outer skin to prepare the powder core wire.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein step 4 is: selecting 5356 aluminum strips with the width of 8-15 mm and the thickness of 0.3-0.8 mm as outer skins, and enabling the outer skins to sequentially pass through a blank pressing roller, a forming roller and a closing roller; when passing through the edge pressing roller, two edges of the aluminum strip respectively generate 0.5 mm-1 mm turned edges; when the aluminum strip passes through the forming roller, the aluminum strip is pressed into a U-shaped groove and is provided with an inward flange, mixed medicinal powder is uniformly filled before the aluminum strip is closed, the filling rate is 15-45%, and the aluminum strip is closed by the closing roller; and after the welding wire is closed, the welding wire is gradually drawn and reduced one by one through wire drawing dies with different diameters, the size of the reduction is 0.05-0.25 mm each time, and the surface of the welding wire is cleaned after the reduction to obtain a finished welding wire with the diameter of 1-3.2 mm.
10. The use of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder core wire reinforced with the oxide film in-situ particles on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder as recited in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 7075 aluminum alloy is welded by tungsten-gas arc welding under the process parameters of 55A to 200A of current, pure argon or high-purity argon as the shielding gas, and the gas flow is 15L/min to 25L/min.
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