CN114080158A - MCFA composition for aquaculture of crustaceans - Google Patents
MCFA composition for aquaculture of crustaceans Download PDFInfo
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- CN114080158A CN114080158A CN202080049095.XA CN202080049095A CN114080158A CN 114080158 A CN114080158 A CN 114080158A CN 202080049095 A CN202080049095 A CN 202080049095A CN 114080158 A CN114080158 A CN 114080158A
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- mcfa
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
The present invention relates to a composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture, said composition comprising an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA), wherein said composition comprises an encapsulating ingredient substantially surrounding the medium chain fatty acids of said composition. A second aspect relates to a composition for use in the prevention and/or treatment of infections in crustaceans. In a third aspect of the invention, such compositions are disclosed. In a fourth aspect of the invention, a method of encapsulating a composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) is disclosed, whereby the method comprises embedding the MCFA in a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to encapsulated Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) compositions. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of an encapsulated MCFA composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans.
Background
The aquaculture industry is currently the fastest growing food production area of the world. World aquaculture produces about 6000 million tons of seafood annually, worth over 700 billion dollars. Today, farmed fish account for about 50% of all fish consumed worldwide. This percentage is expected to increase as the amount of fishing in marine and freshwater environments is reduced and seafood consumption (i.e., total and per-capita) is increased. Today, species in aquaculture production include, but are not limited to, carp and other carps, oysters, clams, guan and red mussels, crustaceans and prawns, salmon, trout and smelt, mussels, tilapia and other Indian sea breams, and scallops and sea fans.
In order to meet this high demand for seafood, aquaculture is currently under a particularly high pressure and new methods of optimizing growth performance are very popular. Of course, higher productivity almost always means an increase in the general health problems of animals or an increase in the risk of infectious diseases.
This is particularly true for crustaceans, where it is well known that elevated water temperatures increase their growth rate, but also significantly increase the risk of infection and other health related problems. Although it is well known that it is beneficial to establish good hygiene and biosafety measures (e.g. improving hatchery hygiene conditions and late stage seedling screening), other measures are required in order to further improve growth performance while ensuring the health of crustaceans.
In order to protect the overall health of aquatic organisms, EP 1123307 discloses a natural physiologically active substance containing at least one fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 12 in combination with vitamin C, effective for reducing the risk of fish diseases. While fatty acids, particularly Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA), are known to exhibit certain beneficial health effects and may also have an effect on growth performance, EP'307 does not show such effects. Furthermore, EP'307 is primarily concerned with fish, but does not disclose the use of the physiologically active substance in crustaceans.
Furthermore, since crustaceans are slow feeders that position feed by scent, feed may often be soaked in water for a long time before being consumed. Furthermore, crustaceans break the feed into small pieces outside the mouth before ingestion. These factors lead to loss of nutrients from the feed by leaching, resulting in a low nutrient availability for crustaceans, which may ultimately impair the growth, health and performance of the farmed animals.
US 20160150806 discloses a method of manufacturing an aquaculture feed premix comprising coated lecithin granules. The particles are said to reduce leaching, but US'806 discloses only water soluble ingredients of the coating and does not show any compatibility of the present coating with MCFA.
US 2004/115275 further describes pellets comprising dodecanoic acid, stearic acid and lactobacillus, US 5422363 discloses spray cooling of stearic acid and medicament, and CN 101658244 discloses an aquaculture feed in the form of microcapsules. Chambi et al describe Solid Lipid Microparticles (SLMP) comprising stearic acid, lauric acid, and glucose, casein or hydrolyzed casein. Pelissari Julio R et al disclose solid lipid particles (SLMP) comprising lauric acid and stearic acid, and Izabela durra Alvim et al disclose the use of spray cooling of stearic acid and hydrogenated vegetable fats.
The present invention is directed to addressing at least some of the problems and disadvantages described above.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture as defined in claim 1. The composition comprises an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein the medium chain fatty acids comprise caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof, and the composition comprises an encapsulating ingredient that substantially surrounds the medium chain fatty acids of the composition.
The MCFA compositions of the present invention allow to stimulate a well functioning and well balanced microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Controlling the microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of animals allows for better performance and improved health and comfort. Better performance, in particular optimized growth performance, is reflected in e.g. better daily gain. The encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention also have significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture, since leaching of MCFA from the capsules in an aqueous environment is controlled and/or minimized.
Preferred embodiments of the composition for optimizing the growth performance of crustaceans are set forth in any of claims 2 to 12.
The present invention therefore also relates to a method for optimizing growth performance in crustacean aquaculture according to claim 13 comprising administering the composition to an animal feed. A preferred embodiment is shown in any one of claims 14 to 17.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to an MCFA composition for use in the prevention and/or treatment of infection and/or improvement of anti-infective immune response of crustaceans according to claim 18. Preferred embodiments of the composition for said use are set forth in any one of claims 19 to 31.
A third aspect of the invention discloses a composition as claimed in claim 32, wherein MCFA are encapsulated and/or embedded in capsules. Preferred embodiments of the composition for said use are set forth in any one of claims 33 to 39.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for encapsulating a composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof as claimed in claim 40. The derivative is selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, and the medium chain fatty acids comprise caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof, whereby the method comprises embedding the MCFA in a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
The resulting particles are most suitable for use in aquatic environments, particularly in the case of crustacean aquaculture. By appropriate selection of the encapsulating ingredients, these dense microspheres can provide diffusion-controlled or erosion-controlled release of MCFA in an aquatic environment without uncontrolled leaching of MCFA.
Preferred embodiments of the method are shown in any one of claims 41 to 46.
Detailed Description
The present invention relates to a composition for optimizing growth performance in aquaculture of crustaceans, said composition comprising an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof.
Unless defined otherwise, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in disclosing the invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As a further guidance, definitions of terms are included to better understand the teachings of the present invention.
As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:
as used herein, "a," "an," and "the" refer to singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, "compartment" refers to one or more than one compartment.
As used herein, reference to "about" a measurable value such as a parameter, quantity, duration, etc., is intended to encompass fluctuations of +/-20% or less, preferably +/-10% or less, more preferably +/-5% or less, still more preferably +/-1% or less, still more preferably +/-0.1% or less of the specified value, which fluctuations are, up to now, suitable for practice in the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value referred to by the modifier "about" is also specifically disclosed per se.
As used herein, "comprising" and "consisting of … …" are synonymous with "including" or "containing" and are inclusive or open-ended terms that specify the presence of the stated material (e.g., ingredient), and do not exclude the presence of other, unrecited ingredients, features, elements, members, steps, as known in the art, or as disclosed herein.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range, as well as the recited endpoints.
Unless otherwise defined, the expressions "weight%", "weight percent", "% wt", or "wt%" herein and throughout the specification refer to the relative weight of the respective ingredients based on the total weight of the formulation.
In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a composition for optimizing growth performance in aquaculture of crustaceans, said composition comprising an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof. The derivative is selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, and the medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof.
The term "aquaculture", also known as "aquaculture", is the cultivation of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae or other aquatic organisms. Aquaculture involves the cultivation of freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, as opposed to commercial fishing, which is the fishing of wild fish. "mariculture" also refers to aquaculture carried out in marine environments and underwater habitats. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) parlance, aquaculture means some form of intervention in the farming process to increase production, such as regular stocking, feeding, predator prevention, etc. Specific types of aquaculture include fish farming, crustacean farming, oyster farming, marine farming, algae farming (e.g., seaweed farming), and aquarium fish farming. The invention mainly aims at the 'crustacean aquaculture'.
Said optimal growth performance is closely related to feed efficiency, for which feed conversion rate is a very relevant marker. The term "feed conversion ratio" is used to describe the efficiency of feed intake by an animal and refers to the feed units consumed over a specified period of time divided by the weight gain units of the animal. Feed conversion ratio is the ratio of the amount of feed consumed to the weight gain of the animal. Thus, use of the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention can increase the feed conversion activity of an animal without simultaneously stimulating feed intake in large amounts or significantly. As used herein, the expression "increasing feed conversion ratio" and equivalent expressions such as "feed conversion ratio improvement" refer to increasing feed utilization efficiency and/or increasing growth rate. That is, according to the present invention, treated animals (as compared to untreated animals) may have substantially the same feed intake and grow at an increased growth rate, may have a reduced feed intake and grow at substantially the same growth rate, or may have a reduced feed intake and grow at an increased growth rate.
As used herein, "effective dose" or "therapeutically effective amount" refers to the amount of the composition that achieves the goal of optimizing growth performance in crustaceans.
As used herein, the term "MCFA" refers to a medium chain fatty acid, wherein the "medium chain fatty acid" refers to a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. As used herein, "medium chain saturated fatty acid" refers to caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or any mixture thereof. As used herein, the term "MCFA salt" refers to a salt of a free fatty acid. As used herein, the term "free fatty acid" refers to an underivatized fatty acid, i.e., a fatty acid that is not converted to a salt, amide, ester, or the like. The term "MCFA derivative" refers to a medium chain fatty acid whose carboxylic acid group is reversibly converted to another group to form an amide, ester, glyceride. In the present specification, the term MCFA derivative does not include MCFA salts.
The MCFA compositions of the present invention allow to stimulate a well functioning and well balanced microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Controlling the microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of animals allows for better performance and improved health and comfort. Better performance, in particular optimized growth performance, is reflected in e.g. better daily gain.
Preferably, the MCFA are encapsulated and/or embedded in a capsule. The encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention also have significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture, since leaching of MCFA from the capsules in an aqueous environment is controlled and/or minimized. As a result, the MCFA in the composition are completely contained within the capsule, allowing crustaceans to ingest particularly high MCFA, thereby exhibiting their beneficial effects. Thereby achieving optimal efficacy in optimizing growth performance, particularly in aquatic environments.
In the context of the present invention, the term "encapsulation" refers to a process wherein fine particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating, thereby obtaining particles with other useful properties. Generally, encapsulation (also referred to as microencapsulation) is used to incorporate food ingredients, feed ingredients, therapeutic compositions, enzymes, cells or other materials on a small particle scale. In addition, encapsulation may also be used to encapsulate solids, liquids or gases to reduce the frequency of administration and prevent degradation of, for example, a drug. In a relatively simple form, the microcapsules may be considered as a small sphere with a uniform wall around it. The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase or filler, while the wall is sometimes referred to as the shell, coating or film.
The term "leaching" in the context of the present invention relates to the loss or extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid. For aquaculture, it describes the loss of nutrients or other ingredients from the compositions (e.g. feed, feed supplement or therapeutic formulation) used herein.
Preferably, the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component. Thus, the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention also minimize leaching in aquatic environments and allow controlled and/or slow release of MCFA in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. Thus, crustaceans are exposed to a constant effective dose of MCFA, thereby maximizing the beneficial effects conferred thereto.
By "hydrophobic" is meant that the molecule exhibits a physical property of being repelled from a large amount of water. In contrast, "hydrophilic" means a substance that is attracted to water. Hydrophobic molecules tend to be non-polar and therefore prefer other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents. Because the water molecules are polar, the hydrophobes do not dissolve well in the aquatic environment. Examples of hydrophobic molecules include, inter alia, alkanes, oils and fats, etc. The hydrophobicity of the present compositions allows for optimal and stable encapsulation, thereby further minimizing leaching.
According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃. Depending on the crustacean species being cultivated, the water temperature is about 15 to 40 ℃, the optimum temperature is typically 28 to 32 ℃. The compositions of the present invention remain stable in these temperature ranges and in addition achieve long-term stability both during dry storage at elevated temperatures and in aqueous environments. Crustaceans are generally found to grow faster at higher temperatures, although certain health problems and certain risk of infection may arise. The compounds of the present invention also allow for application at those higher temperatures while exhibiting their various beneficial effects on crustaceans. Preferably, the encapsulating ingredient has a melting temperature of 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic ingredient comprises stearic acid or a salt thereof. As used herein, the terms "stearic acid" and "stearate salt" refer to chemically pure forms of these materials. Commercial forms of these materials often contain substantial amounts of impurities. For example, commercial grade stearic acid typically includes significant amounts of palmitic acid. Commercial grade zinc stearate typically includes a mixture of zinc salts of stearic and palmitic acids, as well as small amounts of zinc oxide. The use of stearic acid or a stearate salt as an encapsulating ingredient provides a composition that can optimally withstand the effects of high heat, pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility, thereby achieving optimal intake in crustaceans. Preferably, the encapsulating ingredient is stearic acid.
In some embodiments, the Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) and matrix are present in a ratio of 0.15 to 1.50. Within these ranges, optimum integrity of the encapsulating composition is obtained. Leaching is further minimized while the availability of MCFA once in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans is maximized. This delicate balance between stability in an aqueous environment and availability in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans is further optimized at a preferred ratio of 0.40 to 1.00.
According to another or yet another embodiment, the medium chain fatty acid comprises caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof. MCFA in the range of C6-C12 further increased the efficacy of the composition for improved growth performance while showing an additional effect on the antibacterial activity of potential pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans.
According to some embodiments, the MCFA are present in the composition at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99.9% by weight or volume of the composition, as described herein. In other embodiments, the MCFA as described herein are present in an amount of 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.
According to another embodiment, the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt% MCFA. Within this range, the stability of the composition in an aqueous environment is further enhanced due to the improved encapsulation. Preferably, the composition comprises 15.0 to 25.0 wt% MCFA.
In some embodiments, the capsules have an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm. Said capsules in the mentioned particle size range are ideally suited for oral administration to crustaceans while maintaining optimal stability in aquatic environment and showing good availability in the gastrointestinal tract. The average particle size is preferably 40 to 60 μm, as this particle size range allows for easy incorporation of the encapsulated composition into any crustacean feed in general.
In some embodiments, the dosage of the composition of the invention in animal feed, in particular crustacean feed, is 0.01 to 5.00 wt%. As used herein, "animal feed" includes feed as well as drinking water, as well as air inhaled by the animal. Due to the applied dose of the encapsulated composition in the feed of crustaceans, the composition will hereinafter be considered as a feed supplement or feed additive. As used herein, the term "feed supplement" or "feed additive" refers to a substance added in small amounts to an edible composition or animal feed to improve the composition or feed, and is also understood to be suitable for consumption by animals, especially crustaceans. The dosage referred to herein is optimized for the various feeding regimes typically used in crustacean aquaculture and for the composition to exhibit optimal efficacy. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.50 to 2.50 wt%.
In some embodiments, for optimal growth performance, the respective effective dose comprises feeding said composition from 0.001 to 0.500% per day based on the weight of the crustacean. Due to the nature of the encapsulating composition and the controlled release of MCFA in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans, the composition can be applied in a variety of ways to existing feed regimes. Preferably, the effective dose comprises feeding the composition from 0.010 to 0.200% per day based on the weight of the crustacean.
According to the present invention, in some embodiments the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei (white leg shrimp), penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp), penaeus vannamei (white leg shrimp), penaeus japonicus (akami past shrimp), penaeus gracilis (southern shrimp), penaeus chinensis (prawn), penaeus mexicanus (banana shrimp), penaeus arctii (northern shrimp) or combinations thereof. Although the present invention relates to a wide range of crustaceans, the group disclosed herein is of particular commercial value. Thus, the compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for obtaining optimized growth performance in these commercial species. Furthermore, due to the breeding conditions, these commercial species are often at greater risk of infection, especially for species such as penaeus monodon, penaeus vannamei. The beneficial properties of the present composition contribute to a reduced risk of infection, while contributing to a better health of the crustacean as a whole.
The present invention therefore also relates to a method for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture comprising applying to the animal feed a composition characterized in that said composition comprises an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein said medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof.
Preferably, the composition is a composition as described in any of the above embodiments. All advantages discussed in this connection are therefore equally applicable to the present method.
According to some embodiments, the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.01 to 5.00 wt%. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.50 to 2.50 wt%.
In another embodiment, said effective dose comprises feeding said composition in an amount of 0.001 to 0.500% by weight of crustaceans per day, preferably in an amount of 0.010 to 0.200% by weight of crustaceans per day.
In some embodiments, the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon, penaeus japonicus, litopenaeus gracilis, penaeus chinensis, penaeus mexicanus, arctic shrimp, or a combination thereof.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to a composition for preventing and/or treating infections of crustaceans and/or improving anti-infective immune responses of crustaceans, wherein said composition comprises an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein said medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof. It follows that the use described herein has therapeutic properties, wherein an improvement in the immune response against infection supports the prevention and/or treatment of infection.
The virus is ubiquitous and extremely abundant in marine environment, so the application has great value for crustacean aquaculture. Lower risk of infection essentially results in lower mortality, better performing animals and a healthier aquaculture environment overall.
Preferably, the MCFA are encapsulated and/or embedded in a capsule. As previously mentioned, the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention have significant advantages in the context of crustacean aquaculture, since leaching of MCFA from the capsules in an aqueous environment is controlled and/or minimized.
More preferably, the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component. Thus, the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention also minimize leaching in aquatic environments and allow controlled and/or slow release of MCFA in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans. For clarity, the hydrophobic components described herein are components other than MCFA.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃. The composition of the present invention remains stable at temperatures typically used in crustacean aquaculture, and furthermore achieves long term stability both during dry storage at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Preferably, the melting temperature is 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof. The use of stearic acid or a stearate salt as the hydrophobic ingredient provides a composition that can optimally withstand the effects of high heat, pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility, thereby achieving optimal intake in crustaceans. Preferably, the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid.
According to some embodiments, the medium chain fatty acid and the matrix are present in a ratio of 0.15 to 1.50. Within these ranges, optimum integrity of the encapsulating composition is obtained. Preferably, the ratio is 0.40 to 1.00.
In some embodiments, the medium chain fatty acid comprises caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. MCFA in the C6-C12 range further enhance the efficacy of the compositions in treating and/or preventing infections while contributing to an overall improved microflora.
According to some embodiments, the MCFA are present in the composition at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99.9% by weight or volume of the composition, as described herein. In other embodiments, the MCFA as described herein are present in an amount of 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.
According to another embodiment, the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt% MCFA. Within this concentration range, the anti-leaching effect of the encapsulation is further enhanced. Preferably, the composition comprises 15.0 to 25.0 wt% MCFA.
In some embodiments, the capsules have an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm. Said capsules in the mentioned particle size range are ideally suited for oral administration to crustaceans while maintaining optimal stability in aquatic environment and showing good availability in the gastrointestinal tract. The average particle size is preferably 40 to 60 μm, as this particle size range allows for easy incorporation of the encapsulated composition into any crustacean feed in general.
According to some embodiments, the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.01 to 5.00 wt%. The dosage referred to herein is optimized for the various feeding regimes typically used in crustacean aquaculture and for the composition to exhibit optimal efficacy. Preferably, the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.50 to 2.50 wt%.
According to another embodiment, said effective dose comprises feeding said composition from 0.001 to 0.500% by weight of the crustacean per day. Due to the nature of the encapsulating composition and the controlled release of MCFA in the gastrointestinal tract of crustaceans, the composition can be applied in a variety of ways to existing feed regimes. Preferably, the effective dose comprises feeding the composition from 0.010 to 0.200% per day based on the weight of the crustacean.
In some embodiments, the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon, penaeus japonicus, litopenaeus gracilis, penaeus chinensis, penaeus mexicanus, arctic shrimp, or a combination thereof.
According to some embodiments, the composition is useful for reducing the risk of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) infection. The term "acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND)" means infection by a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing a 70kbp plasmid having genes encoding homologues of the insect-associated (Pir) toxins PirA and PirB of Photorhabdus. AHPND is characterized by sudden, up to 100% massive death, usually within 30-35 days after stocking the ponds with the young seedlings or larvae of the crustacean. Older larvae may also be affected. According to FOA, a low salinity water source appears to reduce the incidence of this disease. The peak period appears to occur during the hot season of 4 months to 7 months. Overfeeding, poor seedling quality, poor water quality, poor feed quality, algal blooms or breakdown are also factors that can cause AHPND to occur in endemic areas.
As with other infectious diseases of crustaceans, established good hygienic and biosafety practices, such as improved hatchery hygiene and later fry screening, good parent fish management, use of good quality later fries and good crustacean farm management, including strict feed rate control, proper feed density, etc., are all effective practices to reduce the effects of diseases, including AHPND.
The compositions of the present invention have been shown to be particularly effective in further reducing the risk of AHPND infection, providing an additional reduction of at least 10%. Preferably, the risk of AHPND infection is reduced by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, up to at least 50%.
According to another embodiment, the composition is useful for reducing the risk of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. The "White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)" has become globally one of the most prevalent, prevalent and fatal viruses in crustacean populations, especially shrimp populations. However, no treatment is currently available to intervene in the unregulated occurrence and spread of the disease. WSSV-infected crustaceans may rapidly form white spots (0.5 to 3.0mm in diameter) inside the exoskeleton, appendages and epidermis. Since these spots do not always exist and since certain bacteria, high alkalinity and stress may produce similar spots, they are not considered as reliable signs for a preliminary diagnosis of this disease. Other signs of WSSV include lethargy, sudden decrease in food consumption, reddening of the body and appendages, and loosening of the stratum corneum.
The compositions of the invention have been shown to be particularly effective in further reducing the risk of WSSV infection, providing an additional reduction of at least 10%. Preferably, the risk of WSSV infection is reduced by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, up to at least 50%.
The composition according to any of the above embodiments helps to prevent and/or treat infections by improving the anti-infective immune response of crustaceans. Commonly accepted indicators for measuring the immune response of crustaceans are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Total Nitric Oxide Synthase (TNOS). Both SOD and TNOS levels can be determined by collecting serum from crustaceans using a commercially available kit and analyzing the serum.
According to another embodiment, the composition of the present invention improves the anti-infective immune response of crustaceans. Thus, crustaceans are less susceptible to infection and exhibit greater resistance to a variety of pathogens.
The composition according to another embodiment may improve the anti-infective immune response of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) infected crustaceans. As a result, the crustaceans infected with AHPND can be effectively treated using the composition of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the composition improves the anti-infective immune response of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infected crustaceans and is therefore very effective in treating said WSSV infected crustaceans.
In some embodiments, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) indicator in crustaceans is increased by at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, preferably at least 10% using the composition of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the Total Nitric Oxide Synthase (TNOS) index in crustaceans is increased by at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, preferably at least 10% using the composition of the present invention.
A third aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein the medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof. The composition of the invention is characterized in that the MCFA is encapsulated and/or embedded in a capsule.
The encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention exhibit high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. These microorganisms include, inter alia, pathogenic bacteria that may reside in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, and the like. Thus, the compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for controlling the microbial ecosystem in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal and further reducing the risk of microbial infection in an animal. Because MCFA are stabilized by the encapsulation, prolonged efficacy of the composition is facilitated. Thus, antimicrobial activity of the composition is ensured over a longer period of time of administration to animals and/or storage, whereby the composition is able to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility.
Preferably, the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component. Thus, the encapsulated MCFA compositions of the present invention minimize leaching in aquatic environments and achieve controlled and/or slow release of MCFA. As a result, the compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for application to aquatic animals.
According to another embodiment, the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃. The composition of the present invention remains stable at the temperatures typically used in crustacean aquaculture, and furthermore achieves long term stability both during dry storage at high temperatures and in aqueous environments. Preferably, the melting temperature is 60.0 to 100.0 ℃. Preferably, the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof. As previously mentioned, the use of stearic acid or a stearate salt as the hydrophobic ingredient provides a composition that can optimally withstand the effects of high heat, pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility. Preferably, the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid.
According to some embodiments, the medium-chain fatty acids and the matrix are present in a ratio between 0.15 and 1.50. Within these ranges, optimum integrity of the encapsulating composition is obtained. Preferably, the ratio is 0.40 to 1.00.
According to another embodiment, the medium chain fatty acid comprises caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof. The MCFA showed maximized antimicrobial effect in the present encapsulation formulations.
According to some embodiments, the MCFA are present in the composition at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99.9% by weight or volume of the composition, as described herein. In other embodiments, the MCFA as described herein are present in an amount of 1% to 99.9% based on the total weight or volume of the composition.
According to another embodiment, the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt% MCFA. Within said concentration range, an optimal antimicrobial effect is obtained, further enhancing the anti-leaching effect of the encapsulation. Preferably, the composition comprises 15.0 to 25.0 wt% MCFA.
According to another embodiment, the average particle size of the capsules is 20 to 300 μm. Preferably, the average particle size is 40 to 60 μm.
A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of encapsulating a composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof. The derivative is selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, and the medium chain fatty acids comprise caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), nonanoic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12), or combinations thereof. The methods of the invention comprise embedding the MCFA in a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
The methods of the invention stabilize MCFA, thereby contributing to the prolonged efficacy of the composition. Thus, antimicrobial activity of the composition is ensured over a longer period of time of administration to animals and/or storage, whereby the composition is able to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility. Encapsulation according to the present method also reduces the leaching effect of the composition in an aqueous environment. The hydrophobicity of the matrix allows for good handling and ensures optimal and stable encapsulation of the resulting product, thereby further minimizing leaching of MCFA.
According to another embodiment, the encapsulating ingredient comprises stearic acid or a salt thereof. The use of stearic acid or a stearate salt as the hydrophobic ingredient provides for easy handling of the coating ingredient itself and when mixed with MCFA. Stearic acid or a salt thereof also has a melting temperature well suited for the process described herein and provides optimal barrier properties of the MCFA-containing encapsulating composition, being able to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility. Preferably, the hydrophobic ingredient used in the present process is stearic acid.
According to another embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: (a) melting the hydrophobic ingredient, (b) mixing the melted hydrophobic ingredient of step a with a composition comprising MCFA, and (c) spray solidifying the mixture of step b.
"spray congealing" can be described as a combination of spray drying and hot melt extrusion. While spray solidification can be matched to many compositions prepared by spray drying or hot melt extrusion, it also enables the preparation of powders with unique properties and applications for microencapsulation, taste masking and controlled release. Spray solidification, also known as spray chilling or spray cooling, is a unit operation that atomizes a liquid melt into a cooling chamber. A sufficiently cool gas stream enters the chamber whereby the gas stream contacts the droplets and solidification occurs. This involves transforming the molten droplets from a liquid state to a solid state while removing energy from the droplets. The transition of the melt from the soft or fluid state to the rigid or solid state upon cooling is referred to as solidification.
Spray drying typically produces hollow, low density particles with irregular geometries, whereas spray solidification, due to the absence of solvent evaporation effects, can produce spherical and dense microparticles. The resulting particles are therefore optimally suited for use in aquatic environments. By appropriate selection of the encapsulating ingredient, these dense microspheres can provide diffusion-controlled or erosion-controlled release of MCFA in an aquatic environment.
The mixture is passed to a solidification step through one or more nozzles or atomizers. The nozzle or atomizer is capable of processing high viscosity mixtures at high temperatures. Generally, four nozzles can be used: pressure nozzles, two-fluid nozzles, ultrasonic nozzles or rotary nozzles. For the present invention, a two-fluid nozzle is used. The two-fluid nozzle allows for a wide range of melt viscosities and MCFA concentrations. Generally, two-fluid nozzles allow for a wider particle size distribution than other types of nozzles.
Preferably, spray solidification is carried out at a solidification (cooling) temperature of-10 ℃ to-50 ℃, preferably-20.0 ℃ to 40.0 ℃. Due to these low temperatures, curing of the MCFA mixture is achieved quickly and efficiently while also maintaining the integrity and bioactivity of the MCFA encapsulated inside. The solidification or cooling temperature is generally achieved by co-current or counter-current gas flow or possibly a combination of both. Thus allowing a very rapid cooling, resulting in capsules with regular shape and optimal stability.
In some embodiments, the melting of the encapsulating ingredient is performed at a temperature of 80.0 to 120.0 ℃. The encapsulating composition is completely liquid in this temperature range, yet allows mixing of the MCFA without causing premature curing. Furthermore, in order to form microcapsules of optimal shape during solidification, the temperature range described herein is particularly suitable, since it allows very rapid solidification once the composition is brought into the cooling air flow. The resulting product is particularly stable in aqueous environments. Preferably, the melting is carried out at a temperature of 90.0 to 110.0 ℃. In some embodiments, the melting is performed at a temperature 10.0 to 20.0 ℃ above the melting temperature of the encapsulating ingredient.
The feed system for solidification should be properly temperature regulated to avoid hot spots that may lead to degradation and cold spots that may lead to plugging of the plant. Furthermore, changes in the temperature of the feed system may alter the viscosity of the feed melt, thereby affecting the properties of the final product. The effect of short and long term exposure to high temperatures (typically above the melting temperature of the matrix) should be carefully evaluated.
According to one embodiment, the mixing comprises mixing the melted encapsulating ingredient and the MCFA-containing composition in a ratio of 2:8 to 4:6 present. The ratio is of utmost importance since one of the limiting factors of the solidification process is the amount of active ingredient that can be contained within the encapsulation. Within the ranges described herein, the maximum amount of MCFA is contained in capsules having a sufficiently high stability for the field of application of the invention. The resulting microcapsules retain their integrity in an aqueous environment and during prolonged dry or wet storage.
In some embodiments, an encapsulation composition having an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm is obtained. The particle size is particularly useful for incorporation into animal feed. In particular, the obtained composition is suitable for incorporation into crustacean feed or for use as a complete diet for young, late-stage young or larval organisms. Preferably, the average particle size thus obtained is from 40 to 60 μm.
The process of the invention is particularly suitable for obtaining the composition of the third aspect.
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples which further illustrate the invention and are not intended to, nor should they be construed to, limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
In the following, the effect of MCFA compositions on different growth performance parameters and their role in the prevention and/or treatment of crustacean infections will be explained. For these tests, shrimp were used.
Handling lists
Treatments using the compositions of the present invention were tested relative to control treatments. Control treatments included a standard feeding regimen without the addition of the formula of the present invention. The general composition is shown in the table below.
The test was performed in 22 water tanks, which were divided into the following 5 groups:
group 1 (G1): in contrast to this, the present inventors have found that,
group 2 (G2): according to the formula a of the present invention,
group 3 (G3): in the formulation b of the present invention, the solvent,
group 4 (G4): formulation c according to the invention, and
-group 5 (G5): formulation d of the present invention.
Cultivation operations
The daily feeding rate of the conventional formula feed is 2-5%. In these tests, the actual feeding rate was calculated from the number of shrimps, average body weight, body length to obtain the theoretical daily feeding amount and adjusted as necessary.
Animals were fed 10 to 12 times per day during the seedling period. Feeding 4-6 times daily during the young and growing period. Feed was equally distributed day and night.
Examples1: feed test—MCFAEffect of compositions on growth Performance
The following parameters were measured during the feed test:
-a weight gain,
-a specific growth rate of the particles,
-feed conversion ratio, and
-survival rate.
The lowest gain in average shrimp weight was found in the control group (G1). The highest gains were found in group 4 containing the MCFA formulations of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the MCFA formulation of the present invention has a positive effect on the weight gain of crustaceans.
Groups 2-5 clearly show lower FCR compared to the control group (G1), indicating that the amount of feed and hence the cost of feed can be greatly reduced using the composition of the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 4, group 5 comprising the MCFA composition of the present invention showed the highest survival rate compared to the control group (G1). All groups 2 to 5 showed better survival rates compared to the control group (G1).
From the above feed tests, the beneficial effects of the MCFA compositions of the invention are shown. Treatment with MCFA compositions had a positive effect on weight gain while the specific growth rate remained the same or higher. Furthermore, the addition of the MCFA composition of the invention has a positive effect on the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), thus reducing the amount of feed required. Since the survival rate tends to be higher compared to the control group (G1), treatment with the MCFA composition of the invention can improve the growth performance of crustaceans, in particular shrimps.
Examples2: challenge test-MCFA compositions against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) Effect of infection Risk
The survival rates of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were higher than that of the control group (G1). It can be concluded that the MCFA composition of the present invention has the effect of reducing the risk of infection by vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND), and can be effectively used for prevention and treatment.
Survival after challenge with WSSV was significantly higher in groups 2, 4 and 5 than control (G1). The highest significant survival rates were found in groups 2 and 5. The results show that the MCFA composition of the invention has the effect of reducing the risk of WSSV infection, and can be effectively used for prevention and treatment.
Examples3: immunization—MCFAComposition for superoxide dismutase(SOD)And total nitric oxide synthase(TNOS)Is/are as follows Influence of
In view of the prevention and/or treatment of infections in crustaceans, the composition of the present invention was found to have a positive effect on the general immune response of crustaceans. Relevant immune response indicators tested in groups 2 to 5 and the control group (G1), namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Total Nitric Oxide Synthase (TNOS). SOD and TNOS indicators in shrimp serum were determined using a commercially available assay kit.
The SOD and TNOS indicators for groups 2-5 treated with the composition of the present invention were significantly higher, indicating an improvement in the general anti-infective immune response in crustaceans. As a result, the compositions of the present invention can be very beneficial in preventing infections.
Examples4: Immuno-MCFA compositions against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenging superoxide dismutase in organisms(SOD)And Effect of Total Nitric Oxide Synthase (TNOS)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Total Nitric Oxide Synthase (TNOS) indices were tested in crustaceans of groups 2 to 5 and control group (G1) challenged with both acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). SOD and TNOS indicators in shrimp serum were determined using a commercially available assay kit.
The SOD and TNOS indices of AHPND challenged shrimp fed the composition of the invention were significantly increased compared to the control group (G1), indicating a favorable effect on the immune response of AHPND infected organisms. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for preventing and/or treating infection of crustacean.
After challenge of shrimp with WSSV, the SOD values of groups 2-5 were approximately at the same level as the control group (G1). The TNOS index showed a considerable improvement compared to the control group (G1). It can be concluded that the composition of the present invention can be used to improve the immune response of WSSV infected crustaceans and is effective in preventing and/or treating infections.
Encapsulation of MCFA compositions
The encapsulation of MCFA compositions is described below to optimize the compositions for use in aquatic environments.
Example 5: methods of encapsulating MCFA compositions
The compositions of the invention were prepared by encapsulating MCFA in a hydrophobic matrix (table below).
The encapsulation comprises the following steps:
-melting stearic acid at a temperature of 90.0 to 110.0 ℃,
-mixing molten stearic acid with a composition comprising MCFA in a ratio of 7:3, and
-spray congealing the mixture at a temperature of-10.0 to-50.0 ℃.
By encapsulation, MCFA in the composition are stabilized, thereby contributing to the prolonged efficacy of the composition. Thus, antimicrobial activity of the composition is ensured over a longer period of time of administration to animals and/or storage, whereby the composition is able to optimally withstand the effects of high temperature, high pressure, oxidation, chemical reactivity and/or water solubility. Encapsulation according to the present method also reduces the leaching effect of the composition in an aqueous environment.
It is believed that the present invention is not limited to any of the implementations described previously and that modifications may be added to the presented examples without reevaluation of the appended claims.
Claims (46)
1. Use of a composition comprising an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein the medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof, for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the MCFA are encapsulated and/or embedded in a capsule.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
4. Use according to claim 3, wherein the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃, preferably 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
5. Use according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof.
6. Use according to any of the preceding claims 3-5, wherein the medium chain fatty acids and the matrix are present in a ratio of 0.15 to 1.50, preferably 0.40 to 1.00.
7. The use of any of the preceding claims 1-6, wherein the medium chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof.
8. Use according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, preferably 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -% MCFA.
9. Use according to any of the preceding claims 2-8, wherein the capsules have an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 60 μm.
10. Use according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.01 to 5.00 wt.%, preferably 0.50 to 2.50 wt.%.
11. The use according to any of the preceding claims 1-8, wherein said effective dose comprises feeding said composition in an amount of 0.001 to 0.500% by weight of crustaceans per day, preferably in an amount of 0.010 to 0.200% by weight of crustaceans per day.
12. The use according to any of the preceding claims 1-11, wherein the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon, penaeus japonicus, penaeus gracilis, penaeus chinensis, penaeus mexicana, arctic shrimp or a combination thereof.
13. A method for optimizing the growth performance of crustacean aquaculture comprising applying to the animal feed a composition comprising an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein said medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition is a composition of any one of claims 1-9.
15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.01 to 5.00 wt%, preferably 0.50 to 2.50 wt%.
16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein said effective dose comprises feeding said composition in an amount of 0.001 to 0.500% by weight of crustaceans per day, preferably in an amount of 0.010 to 0.200% by weight of crustaceans per day.
17. The method of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon, penaeus japonicus, penaeus gracilis, penaeus chinensis, penaeus mexicanus, arctic shrimp, or a combination thereof.
18. A composition for use in the prevention and/or treatment of infections in crustaceans and/or in the improvement of anti-infective immune responses in crustaceans, characterized in that said composition comprises an effective dose of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein said medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof.
19. The composition for use of claim 18, wherein the MCFA are encapsulated and/or embedded in a capsule.
20. The composition for use of claim 19, wherein the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
21. A composition for use according to claim 20, wherein the hydrophobic ingredient has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃, preferably 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
22. A composition for use according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof.
23. A composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 20-22, wherein the medium chain fatty acids and the matrix are present in a ratio of 0.15 to 1.50, preferably 0.40 to 1.00.
24. The composition for use of any one of the preceding claims 18-23, wherein the medium chain fatty acid comprises caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof.
25. The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims 13-19, wherein the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, preferably 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -% of MCFA.
26. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 19-25, wherein the capsules have an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 60 μm.
27. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 18-26, wherein the dosage of the composition in the animal feed is 0.01 to 5.00 wt.%, preferably 0.50 to 2.50 wt.%.
28. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 18-27, wherein said effective dose comprises feeding said composition in an amount of 0.001 to 0.500% by weight of the crustacean per day, preferably in an amount of 0.010 to 0.200% by weight of the crustacean per day.
29. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 18-28, wherein the crustacean is selected from the group of litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus monodon, penaeus japonicus, penaeus gracilis, penaeus chinensis, penaeus mexicana, penaeus arctii or combinations thereof.
30. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 18-29, wherein the crustacean infection comprises acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) infection.
31. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 18-29, wherein the crustacean infection comprises White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection.
32. A composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein the medium chain fatty acids comprise at least one MCFA selected from caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof, characterized in that the MCFA is encapsulated and/or embedded in capsules.
33. The composition of claim 32, wherein the MCFA are encapsulated by a matrix comprising a hydrophobic component.
34. A composition according to claim 33, wherein the hydrophobic component has a melting temperature of 50.0 to 120.0 ℃, preferably 60.0 to 100.0 ℃.
35. The composition of claim 33 or 34, wherein the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof.
36. A composition according to any of the preceding claims 33-35, wherein the medium chain fatty acid and the matrix are present in a ratio of 0.15 to 1.50, preferably 0.40 to 1.00.
37. The composition of any of the preceding claims 32-36, wherein the medium chain fatty acid comprises hexanoic acid (C6), octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), or a combination thereof.
38. The composition of any one of the preceding claims 32-37, wherein the composition comprises 10.0 to 40.0 wt. -%, preferably 15.0 to 25.0 wt. -% of MCFA.
39. The composition for use according to any of the preceding claims 32-38, wherein the capsules have an average particle size of 20 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 60 μm.
40. A method of encapsulating a composition comprising Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) or derivatives thereof selected from the group of salts, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, esters or amides, wherein the medium chain fatty acids comprise caproic acid (C6), heptanoic acid (C7), caprylic acid (C8), pelargonic acid (C9), capric acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), lauric acid (C12) or combinations thereof, wherein the method comprises embedding the MCFA in a matrix comprising a hydrophobic ingredient.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the hydrophobic ingredient is stearic acid or a salt thereof.
42. The method of claim 40 or 41, comprising the steps of:
a. the hydrophobic component is caused to melt and,
b. mixing the melted hydrophobic ingredient of step a with a composition comprising MCFA, and
c. spray solidifying the mixture of the step b.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein spray coagulation is carried out at a coagulation temperature of-10.0 to-50.0 ℃, preferably-20.0 to-40.0 ℃.
44. The method of claim 42 or 43, wherein said melting of said hydrophobic component is performed at a temperature of 80.0 to 120.0 ℃, preferably 90.0 to 110.0 ℃.
45. The method of any one of the preceding claims 42-44, wherein the mixing comprises mixing the molten hydrophobic ingredient and the MCFA-containing composition in a ratio of 2:8 to 4:6 present.
46. A process according to any one of the preceding claims 40 to 45, wherein an encapsulating composition having a mean particle size of 20 to 300 μm, preferably 40 to 60 μm, is obtained.
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| BE20195405A BE1027390B1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | MFCA COMPOSITION FOR USE IN Crustacean AQUACULTURE |
| BEBE2019/5405 | 2019-06-21 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/067294 WO2020254679A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-22 | Mcfa composition for use in crustaceae aquaculture |
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| BE (1) | BE1027390B1 (en) |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1123701A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2001-08-16 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. | Natural physiologically active substances efficacious against fish diseases and fish feeds containing the same |
| JP2004002296A (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2004-01-08 | Alarvita Biolife Corp | Chemical substance-embedded particle, method for producing the particle and production apparatus |
| US20040115275A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-06-17 | Te-Chun Tsou | Particle embedded with chemical substances and method of producing a particle |
| US20180021281A1 (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | Sciadonics, Inc. | Lipid formulations containing bioactive fatty acids and other bioactive agents |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0602586B1 (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1997-06-04 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Stable pharmaceutical composition of fumagillol derivatives |
| FI115527B (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2005-05-31 | Upm Kymmene Oyj | Use of plant sterol derivatives and products containing them |
| CN101658244A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-03-03 | 佛山市海纳川药业有限公司 | Aquatic amino acid preparation and preparation method and aquatic feed thereof |
| BR112016007999A2 (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2019-11-26 | Nutrition Sciences N.V. | medium chain fatty acid composition and feed supplemented with this composition |
| US20160150806A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-02 | Integrated Aquaculture International, Llc | Encapsulated aquaculture premix feed |
-
2019
- 2019-06-21 BE BE20195405A patent/BE1027390B1/en active IP Right Grant
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2020
- 2020-06-22 WO PCT/EP2020/067294 patent/WO2020254679A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-06-22 BR BR112021025459A patent/BR112021025459A2/en unknown
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1123701A1 (en) * | 1998-08-25 | 2001-08-16 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. | Natural physiologically active substances efficacious against fish diseases and fish feeds containing the same |
| JP2004002296A (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2004-01-08 | Alarvita Biolife Corp | Chemical substance-embedded particle, method for producing the particle and production apparatus |
| US20040115275A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-06-17 | Te-Chun Tsou | Particle embedded with chemical substances and method of producing a particle |
| US20180021281A1 (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2018-01-25 | Sciadonics, Inc. | Lipid formulations containing bioactive fatty acids and other bioactive agents |
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| BE1027390A1 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
| WO2020254679A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
| BE1027390B1 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
| BR112021025459A2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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