CN114075032A

CN114075032A - Thermoforming method, thermoforming apparatus, glass member, housing, and electronic apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN114075032A
Application number: CN202010801149.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李云刚; 李聪
Original assignee: Oppo Chongqing Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Oppo Chongqing Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-11
Filing date: 2020-08-11
Publication date: 2022-02-22

Abstract

The application discloses a thermoforming method, thermoforming equipment, a glass piece, a shell and electronic equipment. The thermoforming method comprises the following steps: the main body cabin is not communicated with the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin, and the main body cabin is vacuumized; the feeding cabin is communicated with the external environment and is not communicated with the main body cabin, and is pushed into a workpiece to be machined; the feeding cabin is not communicated with the main cabin and the external environment, and the feeding cabin is vacuumized; the feeding cabin is communicated with the main body cabin and is not communicated with the external environment, and the workpiece to be machined is pushed into the main body cabin; heating and forming a workpiece to be processed in the main body cabin to form a formed part; the discharging cabin is not communicated with the main body cabin and the external environment, and the discharging cabin is vacuumized; the discharging cabin is communicated with the main body cabin and is not communicated with the external environment, and the formed part is pushed into the discharging cabin; the discharging cabin is communicated with the external environment, and the formed part is pushed out. According to the thermoforming method of the embodiment of the application, bubble defects can be reduced.

Description

Thermoforming method, thermoforming apparatus, glass member, housing, and electronic apparatus

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of thermoforming technology, and more particularly, to a thermoforming method, a thermoforming apparatus, a glass piece, a housing, and an electronic apparatus.

Background

In the related art, most of thermal forming equipment is continuous transmission equipment and comprises a multi-station preheating station, a forming station and a cooling station, although continuous operation can be realized, the whole cavity is filled with protective gas in the forming process and is easily wrapped by glass in the high-temperature forming process to form bubble defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a thermal forming method, and in the forming process, the formed part is not easy to generate bubbles, so that the defect of the bubbles can be avoided or reduced, gas is prevented from being pumped and discharged back and forth in a main body cabin, the vacuum degree in the main body cabin is ensured, and the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened.

The present application also provides a thermoforming apparatus.

The application also provides a glass piece manufactured by the hot forming method or the hot forming device.

The application also provides a shell manufactured by the hot forming method or the hot forming equipment.

The application also provides an electronic device with the shell.

According to the hot forming method for the glass piece, the hot forming equipment used in the hot forming method comprises an equipment body, and the equipment body comprises a feeding cabin, a main body cabin and a discharging cabin which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence. The thermoforming method comprises the following steps: the main body cabin is not communicated with the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin, and the main body cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the main body cabin reaches a first preset value; communicating the feeding cabin with the external environment and not communicating the feeding cabin with the main body cabin, and pushing the workpiece to be machined into the feeding cabin; the feeding cabin is not communicated with the main cabin and the external environment, and the feeding cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the feeding cabin reaches a second preset value; enabling the feeding cabin to be communicated with the main body cabin and not communicated with the external environment, and pushing the workpiece to be machined into the main body cabin; the workpiece to be machined is heated and formed in the main body cabin to form a formed part; the discharging cabin is not communicated with the main cabin and the external environment, and the discharging cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the discharging cabin reaches a third preset value; enabling the discharging cabin to be communicated with the main cabin and not communicated with the external environment, and pushing the formed part into the discharging cabin; and the discharging cabin is communicated with the external environment and is not communicated with the main body cabin, and the forming piece is pushed out of the discharging cabin.

According to the thermoforming method, the main body cabin, the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin are respectively vacuumized, so that the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin can be used as vacuum buffer cabins, gas is prevented from being pumped back and forth in the main body cabin, the vacuum degree of the main body cabin is guaranteed, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced, bubbles are not easy to generate in a formed part, and the defect of generating bubbles in the forming process can be avoided or reduced; in addition, the volume of the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin is small, the high vacuum degree can be achieved in a short time, the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.

A thermoforming apparatus according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, comprising: the equipment comprises an equipment body, wherein the equipment body comprises a feeding cabin, a main cabin and a discharging cabin which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence, a feeding hole for communicating the feeding cabin with the external environment and a first communicating hole for communicating the feeding cabin with the main cabin are formed in the feeding cabin, a discharging hole for communicating the discharging cabin with the external environment and a second communicating hole for communicating the discharging cabin with the main cabin are formed in the discharging cabin, a feeding cabin door for opening and closing the feeding hole is arranged at the feeding hole, a first opening and closing door for opening and closing the first communicating hole is arranged at the first communicating hole, a discharging cabin door for opening and closing the discharging hole is arranged at the discharging hole, and a second opening and closing door for opening and closing the second communicating hole is arranged at the second communicating hole; a vacuum system for evacuating the feed compartment, the main body compartment and the discharge compartment; the heating system is used for heating the workpiece to be processed; the forming system is used for processing and forming the workpiece to be processed.

According to the thermoforming equipment provided by the embodiment of the application, the first switch door is arranged between the feeding cabin and the main body cabin, the second switch door is arranged between the discharging cabin and the main body cabin, and the vacuum system for vacuumizing the feeding cabin, the main body cabin and the discharging cabin is arranged at the same time, so that the main body cabin can be in a state with higher vacuum degree in the thermoforming process, and the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin are vacuumized, so that the main body cabin is prevented from exhausting gas back and forth, the vacuum degree of the main body cabin is ensured, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced, bubbles are not easily generated in a formed part, and the defect of generating bubbles in the forming process can be avoided or reduced; in addition, the volume of the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin is small, the high vacuum degree can be achieved in a short time, the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.

According to embodiments of the third aspect of the present application, the glass piece is manufactured by using the hot forming method according to embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, or the glass piece is manufactured by using the hot forming apparatus according to embodiments of the second aspect of the present application.

According to the glass piece, the glass piece is manufactured by the thermal forming method or the thermal forming equipment, the production efficiency can be improved, the mass production of the glass piece is facilitated, and the defect that bubbles are generated due to glass wrapping gas can be avoided or reduced in the glass forming process of the glass piece.

According to a fourth aspect of the present application, the housing is manufactured by using the thermoforming method according to the above-mentioned first aspect of the present application, or the housing is manufactured by using the thermoforming apparatus according to the above-mentioned second aspect of the present application.

According to the shell of the embodiment of the application, the shell is manufactured by utilizing the thermal forming method or the thermal forming equipment, the production efficiency can be improved, the mass production of the shell is facilitated, the defect that bubbles are generated by the wrapped gas can be avoided or reduced in the manufacturing process of the shell, the forming reject ratio can be reduced, and the forming quality of the shell is improved.

An electronic device according to an embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present application includes: a housing according to the above fourth aspect embodiment of the present application.

According to the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the application, the forming reject ratio can be reduced and the forming quality of the shell is improved by arranging the shell.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a thermoforming apparatus according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a feed compartment of the thermoforming apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cooperation of the pressing means of the thermoforming apparatus of FIG. 1 with the forming mold;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a discharge chamber of the thermoforming apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a graph of time versus temperature for a thermoforming process using the thermoforming method or thermoforming apparatus of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present application.

Reference numerals:

a thermoforming apparatus 10;

an apparatus body 1; a feed compartment 11; a feed port 111; a feed bin door 1111; a first communication port 112; a first switch door 1121; a main body compartment 12; a heating zone 121; a molding zone 122; an annealing zone 123; a first sub-annealing zone 1231; a second sub-annealing zone 1232; a third sub-annealing zone 1233; a heating device 124; a molding device 125; a pressurizing device 1251; an annealing device 126; a discharge cabin 13; a discharge port 131; discharge hatch 1311; the second communication port 132; a second switching door 1321;

a molding die 2;

an electronic device 100; a housing 50; a display screen assembly 60.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

A thermoforming method according to an embodiment of the present application that may be used for thermoforming a glass piece is described below with reference to fig. 1-6.

Referring to fig. 1, according to the thermoforming method of the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the thermoforming apparatus 10 used in the thermoforming method includes an apparatus body 1, and the apparatus body 1 includes a feeding chamber 11, a main body chamber 12, and a discharging chamber 13 arranged in sequence in the processing order.

The thermoforming method comprises the following steps:

starting the equipment to ensure that the main body cabin 12 is not communicated with the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13, the main body cabin 12 is not communicated with the external environment, the main body cabin 12 is in a closed state, the main body cabin 12 is vacuumized until the air pressure in the main body cabin 12 reaches a first preset value, for example, the first preset value can be less than 100Pa, so that the vacuum degree in the main body cabin 12 reaches a set requirement, in the process of carrying out thermal forming in the main body cabin 12, the thermal forming process can be in a higher vacuum degree space, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced, the bubble defect formed by wrapping gas is reduced or avoided, the formed part is not easy to generate bubbles, and the bubble defect generated in the forming process can be avoided or reduced;

the feeding cabin 11 is communicated with the external environment, the feeding cabin 11 is not communicated with the main body cabin 12, workpieces to be processed are pushed into the feeding cabin 11, so that the feeding cabin 11 is communicated with the external environment, the workpieces to be processed are conveniently pushed into the feeding cabin 11, and the feeding cabin 11 is not communicated with the main body cabin 12, so that the air entering the feeding cabin 11 can be prevented from flowing into the main body cabin 12 in the process of pushing the workpieces to be processed into the feeding cabin 11, the vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12 can be ensured, and the main body cabin 12 is prevented from being vacuumized repeatedly;

the feeding cabin 11 is not communicated with the main cabin 12 and the external environment, the feeding cabin 11 is in a closed state, the feeding cabin 11 can be vacuumized until the air pressure in the feeding cabin 11 reaches a second preset value, for example, the second preset value can be less than 100Pa, so that the vacuum degree in the feeding cabin 11 reaches a set requirement;

the feeding cabin 11 is communicated with the main body cabin 12, the feeding cabin 11 is not communicated with the external environment, workpieces to be processed are pushed into the main body cabin 12 to be heated, the feeding cabin 11 is communicated with the main body cabin 12, the workpieces to be processed are conveniently pushed out of the feeding cabin 11 and pushed into the main body cabin 12, the feeding cabin 11 is not communicated with the external environment, and in the process of pushing the workpieces to be processed into the main body cabin 12 from the feeding cabin 11, external air flows into the feeding cabin 11 and flows into the main body cabin 12 from the feeding cabin 11, so that the vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12 can be ensured, and the main body cabin 12 is prevented from being vacuumized repeatedly;

the workpiece to be machined can be heated and formed in the main body cabin 12 to form a formed part, and because the main body cabin 12 is kept in a higher vacuum degree, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced in the heating and forming process of the workpiece to be machined in the main body cabin 12, and the bubble defect formed by wrapping gas is reduced or avoided, so that the formed part is not easy to generate bubbles, and the bubble defect generated in the forming process can be avoided or reduced;

the discharge cabin 13 is not communicated with the main cabin 12 and the external environment, the discharge cabin 13 is in a closed state, the discharge cabin 13 can be vacuumized until the air pressure in the discharge cabin 13 reaches a third preset value, for example, the third preset value can be less than 100Pa, so that the vacuum degree in the feed cabin 11 reaches a set requirement;

the discharge cabin 13 is communicated with the main body cabin 12, the discharge cabin 13 is not communicated with the external environment, the obtained material cabin 13 is communicated with the main body cabin 12, a formed part formed by processing and forming in the main body cabin 12 can be conveniently pushed out from the main body cabin 12 and pushed into the discharge cabin 13, the obtained material cabin 13 is not communicated with the external environment, and in the process of pushing the formed part into the discharge cabin 13 from the main body cabin 12, external air flows into the discharge cabin 13 and flows into the main body cabin 12 from the feeding cabin 11, so that the vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12 can be ensured, and the main body cabin 12 is prevented from being vacuumized repeatedly;

make ejection of compact cabin 13 and external environment intercommunication and ejection of compact cabin 13 and main part cabin 12 not communicate, release ejection of compact cabin 13 with the formed part, make ejection of compact cabin 13 and external environment intercommunication like this, conveniently release the formed part from ejection of compact cabin 13 in, and make simultaneously and draw material cabin 13 and main part cabin 12 not communicate, thereby can avoid at the in-process that releases the formed part from ejection of compact cabin 13 in, the air that gets into in the ejection of compact cabin 13 flows into main part cabin 12 in, thereby can guarantee the vacuum of main part cabin 12, avoid making a round trip to main part cabin 12 evacuation many times.

Wherein, at the beginning of the start-up of the thermoforming apparatus 10, the initial vacuum-pumping operation of the feeding compartment 11 and the initial vacuum-pumping operation of the discharging compartment 13 may be performed during the vacuum-pumping operation of the main compartment 12, or the initial vacuum-pumping operation of the feeding compartment 11 and the initial vacuum-pumping operation of the discharging compartment 13 may also be performed after the vacuum-pumping operation of the main compartment 12; the primary vacuum-pumping operation of the discharging chamber 13 may be performed before the thermoforming operation is performed in the main body chamber 12, the primary vacuum-pumping operation of the discharging chamber 13 may be performed after the thermoforming operation is performed in the main body chamber 12, and the primary vacuum-pumping operation of the discharging chamber 13 may be performed during the thermoforming operation performed in the main body chamber 12.

In the thermoforming process, after the main body cabin 12 of the thermoforming equipment 10 is vacuumized once to reach the requirement of the set vacuum degree, the hot forming method can ensure that the external air can not enter the main body cabin 12 through the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 in the feeding and discharging processes, thus, the main body cabin 12 does not need to be vacuumized during feeding and discharging each time, the times of vacuuming the main body cabin 12 are reduced, the back-and-forth vacuuming of the main body cabin 12 is avoided, and at the same time, the vacuum degree in the main body chamber 12 can be ensured, so that in the process of carrying out thermoforming in the main body chamber 12, can ensure that the thermal forming process is in a higher vacuum degree space, can reduce the possibility of wrapping air bubbles, reduces or avoids the bubble defect formed by wrapping air, the formed part is not easy to generate bubbles, so that the defect of generating bubbles in the forming process can be avoided or reduced. In addition, because the volumes of the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 are much smaller than that of the main cabin 12, high vacuum degree can be achieved in a short time, the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.

In the process of forming by the hot forming method, the workpiece to be processed may be heated to have a certain fluidity during the hot forming process, for example, when the workpiece to be processed is a glass blank, the workpiece to be processed may be heated to be higher than the softening point of the glass to have a certain fluidity.

According to the thermoforming method provided by the embodiment of the application, the main body cabin 12, the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 are respectively vacuumized, so that the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 can be used as vacuum buffer cabins, gas is prevented from being pumped back and forth from the main body cabin 12, the vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12 is ensured, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced, bubbles are not easily generated in a formed part, and the defect of generating bubbles in the forming process can be avoided or reduced; in addition, the volume of the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 is small, so that high vacuum degree can be achieved in a short time, the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, according to some embodiments of the present application, a feed opening 111 communicating the feed compartment 11 with the external environment and a first communication opening 112 communicating the feed compartment 11 with the main body compartment 12 are formed on the feed compartment 11, so that a workpiece to be processed can enter the feed compartment 11 from the external environment through the feed opening 111 and can enter the main body compartment 12 from the feed compartment 11 through the first communication opening 112. The discharging cabin 13 is formed with a discharging port 131 for communicating the discharging cabin 13 with the external environment and a second communicating port 132 for communicating the discharging cabin 13 with the main body cabin 12, so that the formed part can enter the discharging cabin 13 from the main body cabin 12 through the second communicating port 132 and can come out from the discharging cabin 13 through the discharging port 131.

The feed port 111 is provided with a feed port door 1111 for opening and closing the feed port 111, so that the opening and closing of the feed port 111 can be controlled by the opening and closing of the feed port door 1111, and thus, whether the feed port 11 is communicated with the external environment or not can be controlled. When the feed port 111 is opened by the feed port door 1111, the feed port 11 is communicated with the external environment; when the feed port 111 is closed by the feed port door 1111, the feed port 11 is not in communication with the external environment.

The first opening and closing door 1121 for opening and closing the first communication port 112 is disposed at the first communication port 112, so that whether the feeding chamber 11 is communicated with the main body chamber 12 or not can be controlled by opening and closing the first opening and closing door 1121. When the first opening and closing door 1121 opens the first communication port 112, the feeding compartment 11 communicates with the main body compartment 12; when the first opening and closing door 1121 closes the first communication port 112, the feeding chamber 11 is not communicated with the main body chamber 12.

The discharge port 131 is provided with a discharge port door 1311 for opening and closing the discharge port 131, so that the opening and closing of the discharge port 131 can be controlled by the opening and closing of the discharge port door 1311, and thus, whether the discharge chamber 13 is communicated with the external environment can be controlled. When the discharge port 131 is opened by the discharge port door 1311, the discharge chamber 13 is communicated with the external environment, and when the discharge port 131 is closed by the discharge port door 1311, the discharge chamber 13 is not communicated with the external environment.

The second communication port 132 is provided with a second opening/closing door 1321 for opening and closing the second communication port 132, so that whether the main body compartment 12 communicates with the discharge compartment 13 can be controlled by opening and closing the second opening/closing door 1321. When the second opening and closing door 1321 opens the second communication port 132, the discharge chamber 13 communicates with the main body chamber 12; when the second opening/closing door 1321 closes the second communication port 132, the discharge chamber 13 is not communicated with the main body chamber 12.

Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present application, after the workpiece to be processed is pushed into the main body compartment 12, the main body compartment 12 is not communicated with the feeding compartment 11, and the feeding compartment 11 is communicated with the external environment. After pushing the workpiece to be processed into the main body cabin 12, the feeding cabin 11 is communicated with the external environment, the next workpiece to be processed can be conveniently pushed into the feeding cabin 11 in the process of carrying out hot forming in the main body cabin 12, the main body cabin 12 is not communicated with the feeding cabin 11, and in the continuous operation process of the hot forming equipment 10, the external air can be prevented from entering the main body cabin 12 through the feeding cabin 11, and the vacuum degree in the main body cabin 12 is kept.

Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present application, after pushing the molded article into the discharge chamber 13, the main body chamber 12 is not communicated with the discharge chamber 13, and the discharge chamber 13 is communicated with the external environment. After pushing the formed part into ejection of compact cabin 13, make ejection of compact cabin 13 and external environment intercommunication, carry out thermoforming's in main part cabin 12 in-process, can make the formed part after the shaping conveniently release ejection of compact cabin 13 to make main part cabin 12 and ejection of compact cabin 13 not communicate simultaneously, at thermoforming equipment 10 continuous operation's in-process, can avoid in the outside air gets into main part cabin 12 through ejection of compact cabin 13, keep the interior vacuum degree of main part cabin 12. When atmospheric pressure in ejection of compact cabin 13 is unanimous with external environment, release ejection of compact cabin 13 with the formed part, conveniently release ejection of compact cabin 13 with the formed part like this to can avoid the poor influence of formed part pressurized and the quality problems appears.

According to some embodiments of the present application, the first preset value is less than 100Pa, the second preset value is less than 100Pa, and the third preset value is less than 100 Pa. Therefore, the high vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12, the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 can be ensured, and the bubble defect generated in the forming process of the machined part can be avoided or reduced.

According to some embodiments of the application, an absolute value of a difference between the second preset value and the first preset value is less than 10Pa, and an absolute value of a difference between the third preset value and the first preset value is less than 10 Pa. Therefore, the relative balance of air pressure of the whole equipment body 1 and the high vacuum degree can be ensured, workpieces or formed parts can be conveniently treated to flow in the equipment body 1, the vacuum degree in the main body cabin 12 can be ensured, and the defect of air bubbles generated in the workpiece forming process can be avoided or reduced.

Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present application, before the main chamber 12 is evacuated, the main chamber 12 is filled with a protective gas, which may be nitrogen, an inert gas, or the like. By filling the main body chamber 12 with the protective gas before the main body chamber 12 is evacuated, the oxygen content of the main body chamber 12 can be reduced, and thus the molding die 2 can be prevented from being oxidized during the thermoforming process.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, according to some embodiments of the present application, after the workpiece to be processed is thermoformed in the body compartment 12 and before the molded part is pushed into the discharge compartment 13, the molded part is subjected to an annealing process including a first annealing stage and a second annealing stage provided after the first annealing stage process, the first annealing stage having a cooling rate lower than that of the second annealing stage. For example, after the workpiece to be processed is heated and formed in the main body cabin 12, the formed part may first enter the first annealing stage to be slowly cooled, so that the temperature of the formed part is gradually reduced, defects such as cracks and breakage in the cooling process of the formed part can be reduced or avoided, and thermal stress can be released, and then the formed part may enter the second annealing stage to be rapidly cooled, so that the temperature of the formed part is rapidly reduced, the cooling time can be shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved. By setting the annealing process to include a first annealing stage in which the cooling rate is small and a second annealing stage in which the cooling rate is large, the probability of occurrence of defects such as cracks, chipping, and the like during cooling can be reduced, and the cooling time can be made short.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, according to some alternative embodiments of the present application, after the shaped part has cooled to the annealing point through the first annealing stage, the shaped part is brought to a second annealing stage. Therefore, the formed part can be ensured not to generate thermal stress, and stress residue or cold lines of the formed part can be avoided.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, according to some alternative embodiments of the present application, the annealing process further comprises a third annealing stage between the first annealing stage and the second annealing stage, in which the shaped part is kept at a constant temperature. Therefore, when the formed part is in the third annealing stage, the formed part can be kept at a constant temperature, so that the formed part can sufficiently eliminate thermal stress, defects such as cracks of the formed part caused by the thermal stress can be reduced, and residual stress can be reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, optionally, the temperature of the shaped article is maintained at the annealing point during the third annealing stage. Therefore, the thermal stress of the formed part can be better eliminated, so that the defects of cracks and the like of the formed part caused by the thermal stress can be further reduced, and the residual stress can be further reduced.

Referring to fig. 1, a thermoforming apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, comprises: the equipment comprises an equipment body 1, a vacuum system for vacuumizing a feeding cabin 11, a main body cabin 12 and a discharging cabin 13, a heating system for heating a workpiece to be processed and a forming system for processing and forming the workpiece to be processed.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the apparatus body 1 includes a feed compartment 11, a main body compartment 12 and a discharge compartment 13 arranged in sequence in a processing order. The feeding cabin 11 is formed with a feeding hole 111 communicating the feeding cabin 11 with the external environment and a first communication hole 112 communicating the feeding cabin 11 with the main body cabin 12, so that the workpiece to be processed can enter the feeding cabin 11 from the external environment through the feeding hole 111 and can enter the main body cabin 12 from the feeding cabin 11 through the first communication hole 112. The discharging cabin 13 is formed with a discharging port 131 for communicating the discharging cabin 13 with the external environment and a second communicating port 132 for communicating the discharging cabin 13 with the main body cabin 12, so that the formed part can enter the discharging cabin 13 from the main body cabin 12 through the second communicating port 132 and can come out from the discharging cabin 13 through the discharging port 131.

The feed port 111 is provided with a feed port door 1111 for opening and closing the feed port 111, so that whether the feed chamber 11 is communicated with the external environment can be controlled by opening and closing the feed port door 1111. When the feed port 111 is opened by the feed port door 1111, the feed port 11 is communicated with the external environment; when the feed port 111 is closed by the feed port door 1111, the feed port 11 is not in communication with the external environment. The first communication port 112 is provided with a first opening and closing door 1121 for opening and closing the first communication port 112, so that whether the feeding chamber 11 is communicated with the main body chamber 12 can be controlled by opening and closing the first opening and closing door 1121. When the first opening and closing door 1121 opens the first communication port 112, the feeding compartment 11 communicates with the main body compartment 12; when the first opening and closing door 1121 closes the first communication port 112, the feeding chamber 11 is not communicated with the main body chamber 12.

The discharge port 131 is provided with a discharge port door 1311 for opening and closing the discharge port 131, so that whether the discharge chamber 13 is communicated with the external environment can be controlled by opening and closing the discharge port door 1311. When the discharge port 131 is opened by the discharge port door 1311, the discharge chamber 13 is communicated with the external environment, and when the discharge port 131 is closed by the discharge port door 1311, the discharge chamber 13 is not communicated with the external environment. The second communication port 132 is provided with a second opening/closing door 1321 for opening and closing the second communication port 132, so that whether the main body compartment 12 communicates with the discharge compartment 13 can be controlled by opening and closing the second opening/closing door 1321. When the second opening and closing door 1321 opens the second communication port 132, the discharge chamber 13 communicates with the main body chamber 12; when the second opening/closing door 1321 closes the second communication port 132, the discharge chamber 13 is not communicated with the main body chamber 12.

The vacuum system may include a plurality of vacuum-pumping devices and a plurality of valves, for example, the vacuum-pumping devices may include mechanical pumps, roots pumps, etc., the vacuum-pumping system may be provided on the apparatus body 1, for example, the vacuum system may be located outside the feeding chamber 11, the main body chamber 12, and the discharging chamber 13, and the vacuum system may vacuum the feeding chamber 11, the main body chamber 12, and the discharging chamber 13. It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more.

The heating system may include a heating device 124, and the heating device 124 may include a heating unit for softening the workpiece to be processed, a heat transfer unit provided at the top of the heating unit, and a heat-retaining heating unit provided outside the heat transfer unit. The heating unit can adopt a heating pipe, and the heating unit can heat the workpiece to be processed. The heat transfer unit can adopt a heating plate, the heating plate can adopt a material with small thermal expansion coefficient, no deformation during heating, high strength and good thermal conductivity, such as a silicon carbide material, and the heat transfer unit can transfer heat. The heat insulation heating unit can adopt a heat insulation plate, the heat insulation plate is made of refractory materials, and has the functions of high temperature resistance, heat insulation and heat insulation, and the heat insulation heating unit can protect surrounding parts and can reduce heat loss. A heating system may be provided within the body compartment 12, which may heat the workpiece to be processed. The workpiece to be processed can be heated by the heating device 124 of the main body chamber 12, the heating can be realized by various ways, such as heat conduction, heat radiation, electromagnetic induction and the like, the heating device 124 can heat the workpiece to be processed from room temperature to the forming temperature, for example, when the workpiece to be processed is a glass piece, the workpiece can be heated to a temperature exceeding the softening point, and the thickness can be changed.

Referring to fig. 3, the molding system may include the molding apparatus 125, the molding apparatus 125 may include a control system capable of controlling the pressure, the pressurization magnitude, and the pressing rate, a position detector that may precisely determine and control the position of the pressing device 1251, and a pressing device 1251 that may control the pressure, the pressurization magnitude, and the pressing rate of the pressing system, may be provided in the body compartment 12, and may machine and mold the workpiece to be processed. The pressurizing device 1251 may use a motor or an air cylinder to lift and lower the workpiece to be molded, the molding pressure is specifically determined according to the temperature and the performance of the workpiece to be molded, and the workpiece to be molded may be formed into a molded part by the molding device 125.

The thermoforming apparatus 10 may further comprise a transfer device, by which the workpieces to be processed can be transferred from the feeding compartment 11 into the main body compartment 12, and by which the molded articles can be transferred from the main body compartment 12 into the discharging compartment 13, and by which the workpieces to be processed can be transferred during the flow from the previous station to the next station in the main body compartment 12.

The thermoforming apparatus 10 may further include a cooling system including a water chiller and corresponding piping for cooling the vacuum system and the heating system so that the entire thermoforming apparatus 10 does not fail due to overheating.

The method of forming the work piece by using the hot forming apparatus 10 may be performed with reference to the hot forming method described above, and the hot forming method of the above embodiment may be applied to the hot forming apparatus 10. For the working process and technical effects of the thermoforming apparatus 10, reference may be made to the thermoforming method described above, and details thereof are not repeated here.

In the forming process using the hot forming apparatus 10, the workpiece to be processed may be heated to have a certain fluidity during the hot forming process, for example, when the workpiece to be processed is a glass blank, the workpiece to be processed may be heated to be higher than the softening point of the glass so as to have a certain fluidity.

According to the thermoforming equipment 10 provided by the embodiment of the application, the first switch door 1121 is arranged between the feeding cabin 11 and the main body cabin 12, the second switch door 1321 is arranged between the discharging cabin 13 and the main body cabin 12, and meanwhile, the vacuum system for vacuumizing the feeding cabin 11, the main body cabin 12 and the discharging cabin 13 is arranged, so that the main body cabin 12 can be in a state with higher vacuum degree in the thermoforming process, and the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 are vacuumized, so that gas is prevented from being exhausted back and forth from the main body cabin 12, the vacuum degree of the main body cabin 12 is ensured, the possibility of wrapping bubbles can be reduced, bubbles are not easily generated in a formed part, and the defect of generating bubbles in the forming process can be avoided or reduced; in addition, the volume of the feeding cabin 11 and the discharging cabin 13 is small, so that high vacuum degree can be achieved in a short time, the gas pumping and discharging time is shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.

Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present application, the main body chamber 12 has a heating region 121, a forming region 122, and an annealing region 123 arranged in sequence, so that a workpiece to be processed can enter the main body chamber 12 and can be heated by the heating region 121, formed by the forming region 122, and annealed by the annealing region 123 to form a formed part. In addition, a plurality of stations may be disposed in the main body 12 according to the requirements of the production process, wherein the heating zone 121, the forming zone 122 and the annealing zone 123 may be disposed in a plurality of stations respectively, and the plurality of stations of the heating zone 121 may continuously heat the workpiece to be processed from room temperature to the forming temperature, for example, the workpiece to be processed exceeds the softening point temperature, and may exhibit a thickness variation. The multiple stations of the forming area 122 can press, form and shape the workpiece to be processed.

Optionally, the heating area 121, the forming area 122 and the annealing area 123 may be respectively provided with a plurality of parallel channels, so that a plurality of workpieces to be processed may be processed and formed at the same time, and the production efficiency is improved.

The thermoforming apparatus 10 further comprises: in the annealing system for annealing the molded article after the thermal forming, the annealing zone 123 includes a first sub-annealing zone 1231 and a second sub-annealing zone 1232 disposed after the first sub-annealing zone 1231, and the cooling rate of the molded article in the first sub-annealing zone 1231 is lower than that in the second sub-annealing zone 1232 when the thermal forming apparatus 10 is in operation. For example, after the workpiece to be processed is heated and formed in the main body cabin 12, the formed part may enter the first sub-annealing zone 1231 to be slowly cooled, so that the temperature of the formed part is gradually reduced, defects such as cracks and breakage in the cooling process of the formed part can be reduced or avoided, thermal stress can be released, and then the formed part may enter the second sub-annealing zone 1232 to be rapidly cooled, so that the temperature of the formed part is rapidly reduced, thereby shortening the cooling time and improving the production efficiency. By providing the annealing zone 123 to include the first sub-annealing zone 1231 having a smaller cooling rate and the second sub-annealing zone 1232 having a larger cooling rate, the probability of occurrence of defects such as cracks, chipping, and the like during cooling can be reduced, and the cooling time can be made shorter.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, according to some alternative embodiments of the present application, after the molded part is cooled to the annealing point through the first sub-annealing zone 1231, the molded part is passed into the second sub-annealing zone 1232. Therefore, the formed part can be ensured not to generate thermal stress, and stress residue or cold lines of the formed part can be avoided.

According to some alternative embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the annealing zone 123 further comprises a third sub-annealing zone 1233, the third sub-annealing zone 1233 being located between the first sub-annealing zone 1231 and the second sub-annealing zone 1232, the temperature of the formed part being kept constant in the third sub-annealing zone 1233 during the operation of the thermoforming apparatus 10. Therefore, when the formed part is in the third sub-annealing zone 1233, the formed part can be kept at a constant temperature, so that the formed part can sufficiently eliminate thermal stress, defects such as cracks of the formed part caused by the thermal stress can be reduced, and residual stress can be reduced.

Optionally, the temperature of the third sub-annealing zone 1233 is maintained at the annealing point while the thermoforming apparatus 10 is in operation. Therefore, the thermal stress of the formed part can be better eliminated, so that the defects of cracks and the like of the formed part caused by the thermal stress can be further reduced, and the residual stress can be further reduced.

According to the glass member of the embodiment of the third aspect of the present application, the glass member is manufactured by the hot forming method of the embodiment of the first aspect, or the glass member is manufactured by the hot forming apparatus 10 of the embodiment of the second aspect, for example, the glass member may be 3D non-uniform thickness glass.

According to the glass piece, the thermal forming method or the thermal forming equipment 10 is utilized to manufacture the glass piece, so that the production efficiency can be improved, the mass production of the glass piece is facilitated, and the defect that bubbles are generated due to the glass-wrapped gas in the glass piece in the glass forming process can be avoided or reduced.

Referring to fig. 6, the housing 50 according to the fourth aspect of the present application, for example, the housing 50 may be a glass member, the housing 50 may be a non-uniform thickness structure, the housing 50 is manufactured by the thermoforming method of the first aspect of the embodiment, or the housing 50 is manufactured by the thermoforming apparatus 10 of the second aspect of the embodiment.

According to the housing 50 of the embodiment of the application, by manufacturing the housing 50 by using the above thermoforming method or thermoforming equipment 10, the production efficiency can be improved, the mass production of the housing 50 is facilitated, and in the manufacturing process of the housing 50, the defect that bubbles are generated by glass-wrapped gas can be avoided or reduced, so that the molding reject ratio can be reduced, and the molding quality of the housing 50 is improved.

Referring to fig. 6, an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present application includes: the housing 50 according to the fourth aspect embodiment described above.

For example, in the example of fig. 6, the electronic device 100 is a mobile terminal (e.g., a mobile phone), the electronic device 100 includes the above-mentioned housing 50 and a main board, the electronic device 100 may further include a camera and a display screen assembly 60, the display screen assembly 60 is connected to the housing 50 and defines a mounting cavity, and the main board and the camera are both disposed in the mounting cavity.

The electronic device 100 of the present application may be, for example, any of various types of computer system devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wireless communications (only one modality shown in fig. 6 by way of example). Specifically, electronic device 100 may be a mobile or smart phone (e.g., an iPhone (TM) based, Android (TM) based phone), a Portable gaming device (e.g., a Nintendo DS (TM), PlayStation Portable (TM), Game Advance (TM), iPhone (TM)), a laptop, a PDA, a Portable Internet device, a music player and data storage device, other handheld devices and head-worn devices such as watches, in-ear headphones, pendant, headphones, etc., electronic device 100 may also be other wearable devices (e.g., a head-worn device (HMD) such as electronic glasses, electronic clothing, electronic bracelets, electronic necklaces, electronic tattoos, electronic device 100, or smart watches).

According to the electronic device of the embodiment of the application, by arranging the shell 50, the molding defect rate can be reduced, and the molding quality of the shell 50 can be improved.

In the following, referring to fig. 1 to 6, a thermoforming apparatus 10 and a thermoforming method of the thermoforming apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention are described, in the following embodiments, the workpiece to be processed may be a 2D glass blank, the molded part may be a 3D glass piece, for example, the molded part may be a 3D glass piece with unequal thickness, for example, referring to fig. 6, the molded part may be a housing 50, and the housing 50 may be a housing 50 of an electronic device 100.

Referring to fig. 1, the thermoforming apparatus 10 includes an apparatus body 1, a vacuum system for evacuating a feed chamber 11, a main body chamber 12, and a discharge chamber 13, a heating system for heating a workpiece to be processed, a forming system for forming the workpiece to be processed, and an annealing system for annealing a formed part. The thermoforming apparatus 10 may further include a forming mold 2 and a conveying device for conveying the forming mold 2. The equipment body 1 comprises a feeding cabin 11, a main cabin 12 and a discharging cabin 13 which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence, wherein the feeding cabin 11, the main cabin 12 and the discharging cabin 13 all comprise ventilating devices and valves.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, a feed inlet 111 communicating the feed compartment 11 with the external environment and a first communication port 112 communicating the feed compartment 11 with the main compartment 12 are formed in the feed compartment 11, and a discharge outlet 131 communicating the discharge compartment 13 with the external environment and a second communication port 132 communicating the discharge compartment 13 with the main compartment 12 are formed in the discharge compartment 13. The feed port 111 is provided with a feed port door 1111 for opening and closing the feed port 111, the first communication port 112 is provided with a first opening and closing door 1121 for opening and closing the first communication port 112, the discharge port 131 is provided with a discharge port door 1311 for opening and closing the discharge port 131, and the second communication port 132 is provided with a second opening and closing door 1321 for opening and closing the second communication port 132.

The main body cabin 12 is internally provided with a heating zone 121, a forming zone 122 and an annealing zone 123 which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence, wherein the heating system comprises a heating device 124, the forming system comprises a forming device 125, and the annealing system comprises an annealing device 126. The heating zone 121 may include a plurality of parallel heating channels, the forming zone 122 may include a plurality of parallel forming channels, and the annealing zone 123 may include a plurality of parallel annealing channels, such that the thermoforming apparatus 10 may form a plurality of 2D glass blanks simultaneously. According to the requirements of the production process, 8-24 stations can be arranged in the main body cabin 12, wherein 2-12 stations can be arranged in the heating area 121, 2-4 stations can be arranged in the forming area 122, and 2-8 stations can be arranged in the annealing area 123. The annealing zone 123 may include a first sub-annealing zone 1231, a second sub-annealing zone 1232, and a third sub-annealing zone 1233, which are arranged in sequence according to the process.

The following describes a thermoforming method and a thermoforming process of the thermoforming apparatus 10, and the thermoforming method and the thermoforming process described below are only an example of the thermoforming apparatus 10 and are not intended to specifically limit the thermoforming apparatus 10.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, after the apparatus is started, the first opening/closing door 1121 closes the first communication port 112 and the second opening/closing door 1321 closes the second communication port 132, so that the main body compartment 12 is in a sealed state. The vent valve of the main body chamber 12 is then opened, the main body chamber 12 is filled with protective gas, and the vent valve is then closed. The main body chamber 12 is evacuated by a vacuum system, the pressure in the main body chamber 12 is evacuated to 100Pa or less, and the temperature is raised to a prescribed temperature for molding.

Firstly, feeding: referring to fig. 1 and 2, the air pressure in the feeding compartment 11 is kept consistent with the outside, the feeding compartment door 1111 opens the feeding port 111, the forming mold 2 (in which the workpiece to be processed is placed) is pushed into the feeding compartment 11 by the conveyor, and the feeding compartment door 1111 is closed, so that the feeding compartment 11 is kept in a closed state. The feeding cabin 11 is vacuumized through a vacuum system, the air pressure in the feeding cabin 11 is pumped to be below 100Pa, the first switch door 1121 is opened, the forming mold 2 is pushed into the main body cabin 12, the first switch door 1121 is closed, the feeding cabin 11 is ventilated to the same atmospheric pressure as the outside, and then the next forming mold 2 is waited to enter.

Secondly, heating: referring to fig. 1, the forming mold 2 entering the main body compartment 12 first enters the heating zone 121 to be heated, and the heating device 124 can heat the forming mold 2 from room temperature to the glass forming temperature, and the maximum temperature can be over 1200 ℃, so as to satisfy the 3D glass forming temperature with different thicknesses. For example, each time the forming mold 2 is heated after moving from a previous heating station to a next heating station for a fixed period of time, the forming mold 2 is heated to about 1200 degrees after being continuously heated when entering the last heating station, at this time, the glass in the forming mold 2 exceeds the softening point temperature, and the thickness of the glass can be changed, and at this time, the forming mold 2 enters the forming area 122.

Thirdly, forming: referring to fig. 1 and 3, the pressurizing device 1251 may use a motor or an air cylinder to lift and lower the forming mold 2, after the heating of the last heating station, the forming mold 2 enters the first forming station to perform pressure forming, and the forming pressure is specifically determined according to parameters such as temperature and glass performance. And after the forming die 2 is formed at the forming station of the first station, the next forming station is used for continuously pressurizing and forming. Each pressurizing device 1251 can be independently provided with pressure, pressurizing rate and descending rate, and is provided with a position detector, so that the position of the pressurizing device 1251 can be accurately determined and controlled, and the quality of the formed glass is obviously improved.

During forming, a heating pipe is adopted for heating, and the highest temperature can be over 1200 ℃ so as to meet the temperature at which the glass can generate thickness change. The heating mode is to heat the hot plate through the heating pipe, and the hot plate adopts coefficient of thermal expansion little, and the heating is indeformable, and intensity is high, has the material of good heat conductivility simultaneously, like the carborundum material. The heating plate is used as a carrier for heating and supporting the forming die 2, has good stability and thermal uniformity, and is beneficial to forming glass in the die. Meanwhile, the heat insulation plate is arranged on the outer side of the heating plate, is made of refractory materials, has the functions of high temperature resistance and heat insulation, can protect surrounding parts, and simultaneously reduces heat loss, heat loss and energy consumption.

Fourthly, annealing: referring to fig. 1, after glass is formed, the glass enters an annealing area 123, the annealing area 123 is divided into a first sub-annealing area 1231, a second sub-annealing area 1232 and a third sub-annealing area 1233, the first sub-annealing area 1231 is a slow cooling area, the second sub-annealing area 1232 is a fast cooling area, and the third sub-annealing area 1233 is a constant temperature area. After the forming mold 2 is formed and shaped in the forming area 122, the forming mold 2 enters the first sub-annealing area 1231 first, the temperature of the forming mold 2 is gradually reduced, the temperature of the glass in the forming mold 2 is reduced accordingly and is reduced below an annealing point, at this time, the forming mold 2 can enter the third sub-annealing area 1233, the temperature of the forming mold 2 is unchanged and is kept at the annealing point, the glass in the forming mold 2 can fully eliminate thermal stress, subsequently, the forming mold 2 enters the second sub-annealing area 1232, so that the temperature of the forming mold 2 is rapidly reduced, the temperature of the glass in the forming mold 2 is reduced accordingly, the thermal stress in the glass is reduced, after the annealing is completed, the second switch door 1321 is opened, and the forming mold 2 enters the discharging cabin 13 from the main body cabin 12.

For example, FIG. 5 is a graph of time-temperature relationship of a glass piece during a thermoforming process, wherein a represents a station heating time, e.g., a may be 100s-300s, T represents temperature, T_SPTemperature, T, representing the softening point of the glass_APThe temperature representing the annealing point of the glass, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the glass piece is continuously heated in the heating zone 121 at 0-4a, gradually raising the temperature of the glass piece to the glass softening point temperature. 4a-6a, the glass piece enters the forming area 122, the forming area 122 continuously heats the glass piece, so that the temperature of the glass piece is heated to be higher than the softening point, the glass is softened to have certain fluidity, the thickness can be changed, and the glass piece can be pressed and formed. The glass piece enters the annealing area 123 at 6a-12a, the formed glass piece enters the annealing area 123 for annealing, the glass piece is located in the first sub-annealing area 1231 at 6a-8a, the temperature of the glass piece is slowly reduced to the temperature of the annealing point of the glass piece, the glass piece is located in the third sub-annealing area 1233 at 8a-10a, the temperature of the glass piece is kept unchanged at the annealing point, therefore, the thermal stress can be eliminated, the glass piece enters the second sub-annealing area 1232 at 10a-12a, and the temperature of the glass piece is rapidly reduced to the room temperature.

Fifthly, discharging: referring to fig. 1 and 4, before the forming mold 2 enters the discharging cabin 13 from the main cabin 12, the second opening and closing door 1321 is in a closed state, the discharging cabin 13 is vacuumized by a vacuum system, the air pressure in the discharging cabin 13 is pumped to be below 100Pa, the second opening and closing door 1321 is opened, the cooled forming mold 2 is conveyed to the discharging cabin 13, the second opening and closing door 1321 is closed, the discharging cabin 13 is ventilated to the same atmospheric pressure as the outside, the discharging cabin door 1311 is opened, the forming mold 2 is taken out, the discharging cabin door 1311 is closed, the air pressure in the discharging cabin 13 is pumped to be below 100Pa, and the next forming mold 2 is waited.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermoforming method is characterized in that thermoforming equipment used in the thermoforming method comprises an equipment body, the equipment body comprises a feeding cabin, a main body cabin and a discharging cabin which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence, and the thermoforming method comprises the following steps:

the main body cabin is not communicated with the feeding cabin and the discharging cabin, and the main body cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the main body cabin reaches a first preset value;

communicating the feeding cabin with the external environment and not communicating the feeding cabin with the main body cabin, and pushing the workpiece to be machined into the feeding cabin;

the feeding cabin is not communicated with the main cabin and the external environment, and the feeding cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the feeding cabin reaches a second preset value;

enabling the feeding cabin to be communicated with the main body cabin and not communicated with the external environment, and pushing the workpiece to be machined into the main body cabin;

the workpiece to be machined is heated and formed in the main body cabin to form a formed part;

the discharging cabin is not communicated with the main cabin and the external environment, and the discharging cabin is vacuumized until the air pressure in the discharging cabin reaches a third preset value;

enabling the discharging cabin to be communicated with the main cabin and not communicated with the external environment, and pushing the formed part into the discharging cabin;

and the discharging cabin is communicated with the external environment and is not communicated with the main body cabin, and the forming piece is pushed out of the discharging cabin.

2. The thermoforming method according to claim 1, wherein a feed port communicating the feed chamber with the external environment and a first communication port communicating the feed chamber with the main body chamber are formed in the feed chamber, a discharge port communicating the discharge chamber with the external environment and a second communication port communicating the discharge chamber with the main body chamber are formed in the discharge chamber, a feed port door for opening and closing the feed port is provided at the feed port, a first opening and closing door for opening and closing the first communication port is provided at the first communication port, a discharge port door for opening and closing the discharge port is provided at the discharge port, and a second opening and closing door for opening and closing the second communication port is provided at the second communication port.

3. The thermoforming method of claim 1, wherein after the member to be processed is pushed into the body compartment, the body compartment is not in communication with the feeding compartment and the feeding compartment is in communication with the outside environment.

4. The thermoforming method according to claim 1, wherein after the molded part is pushed into the discharging chamber, the main body chamber is not communicated with the discharging chamber and the discharging chamber is communicated with the external environment, and when the air pressure in the discharging chamber is consistent with the external environment, the molded part is pushed out of the discharging chamber.

5. The thermoforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first preset value is less than 100Pa, the second preset value is less than 100Pa and the third preset value is less than 100 Pa.

6. The thermoforming method according to claim 1, characterized in that the absolute value of the difference between the second preset value and the first preset value is less than 10Pa, and the absolute value of the difference between the third preset value and the first preset value is less than 10 Pa.

7. The thermoforming method of claim 1, wherein the body compartment is filled with a protective gas prior to evacuating the body compartment.

8. The thermoforming method as claimed in any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the part to be machined is subjected to an annealing process after the thermoforming in the body compartment and before the pushing of the formed part into the outfeed compartment, the annealing process comprising a first annealing stage and a second annealing stage provided after the first annealing stage sequence, the cooling rate of the first annealing stage being lower than the cooling rate of the second annealing stage.

9. The thermoforming method of claim 8, wherein the shaped part is brought into the second annealing stage after the shaped part has cooled to an annealing point via the first annealing stage.

10. The thermoforming method of claim 8, wherein the annealing process further comprises a third annealing stage between the first annealing stage and the second annealing stage, the shaped part being held at a constant temperature in the third annealing stage.

11. A thermoforming process as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the temperature of the shaped part is maintained at the annealing point during the third annealing stage.

12. A thermoforming apparatus, comprising:

the equipment comprises an equipment body, wherein the equipment body comprises a feeding cabin, a main cabin and a discharging cabin which are sequentially arranged according to a processing sequence, a feeding hole for communicating the feeding cabin with the external environment and a first communicating hole for communicating the feeding cabin with the main cabin are formed in the feeding cabin, a discharging hole for communicating the discharging cabin with the external environment and a second communicating hole for communicating the discharging cabin with the main cabin are formed in the discharging cabin, a feeding cabin door for opening and closing the feeding hole is arranged at the feeding hole, a first opening and closing door for opening and closing the first communicating hole is arranged at the first communicating hole, a discharging cabin door for opening and closing the discharging hole is arranged at the discharging hole, and a second opening and closing door for opening and closing the second communicating hole is arranged at the second communicating hole;

a vacuum system for evacuating the feed compartment, the main body compartment and the discharge compartment;

the heating system is used for heating the workpiece to be processed;

the forming system is used for processing and forming the workpiece to be processed.

13. The thermoforming apparatus of claim 12, wherein the main body compartment has a heating zone, a forming zone, and an annealing zone arranged in sequence in a processing order, the thermoforming apparatus further comprising: the annealing system is used for annealing the formed part subjected to thermal forming, the annealing area comprises a first sub-annealing area and a second sub-annealing area arranged after the first sub-annealing area, and the cooling speed of the first sub-annealing area is smaller than that of the second sub-annealing area when the thermal forming equipment works.

14. A thermoforming apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the annealing zone further comprises a third sub-annealing zone, the third sub-annealing zone located between the first sub-annealing zone and the second sub-annealing zone, the temperature of the third sub-annealing zone being maintained at a constant temperature during operation of the thermoforming apparatus.

15. A thermoforming apparatus as claimed in claim 14, characterised in that the temperature of the third sub-annealing zone is maintained at the annealing point during operation of the thermoforming apparatus.

16. A glass element, characterized in that the glass element is manufactured by a thermoforming method according to any of claims 1-11, or manufactured by a thermoforming apparatus according to any of claims 12-15.

17. A housing, characterized in that the housing is manufactured by a thermoforming method according to any of claims 1-11, or the housing is manufactured by a thermoforming apparatus according to any of claims 12-15.

18. An electronic device, comprising: the housing of claim 17.