CN114063193A - Compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scale - Google Patents

Compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scale Download PDF

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CN114063193A
CN114063193A CN202010777849.5A CN202010777849A CN114063193A CN 114063193 A CN114063193 A CN 114063193A CN 202010777849 A CN202010777849 A CN 202010777849A CN 114063193 A CN114063193 A CN 114063193A
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expanding section
expanding
diameter
density
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赵荣华
张威
贾会冲
曹桐生
赵兰
王路
丁烽娟
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Co
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Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Co
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scales. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining the depth of a sandstone section; then determining a non-expanding section and an expanding section of the sandstone section; performing regression analysis on the measured data of the non-expanding section, wherein the measured data comprises measured density data, measured depth lateral resistivity of corresponding depth and measured natural gamma value to obtain a non-expanding section relation model, and taking the non-expanding section relation model as an expanding section relation model; and finally, obtaining a density logging curve after correction of the expanding section according to the deep lateral resistivity logging curve and the natural gamma logging curve of the expanding section and a relation model of the expanding section. The stratum density determined by the method is more accurate and is closer to a real stratum density log value. The method has strong operability, small influence factors and high correction accuracy, and can improve the recognition success rate of the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the exploration and development of the oil and gas field.

Description

Compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scale
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scales.
Background
In the process of drilling exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the phenomenon of hole diameter expansion (diameter expansion) often occurs, and the hole diameter expansion is mainly caused by that the stratum becomes soft and collapses after being soaked by mud in a mudstone section, and possibly caused by the collapse of a well wall in the process of rubbing a brittle stratum with a drill bit. Because the mud density is far less than the rock density, and the density logging detection range is very small, the density value of the stratum measured by the Density (DEN) logging which represents the porosity of the stratum is obviously lower than the actual density of the stratum when the diameter expansion is serious or the well wall is very irregular. Therefore, after the hole diameter is expanded, curve data having a shallow depth of investigation, such as a density curve, cannot be used as it is, and therefore, correction is necessary.
For the correction of the density of the well diameter expansion section (DEN) logging curve, three traditional methods are used. Firstly, according to the working principle of the acoustic time difference, the compensation density and the compensation neutron logging instrument and the hole diameter size of the open hole well with the initial scale, the hole diameter logging is used for correction, and different logging instrument companies give corresponding correction charts. However, the method is not applicable to the correction of the Density (DEN) logging curve of the compact quartz sandstone, mainly because the correction chart has high precision requirement on the borehole diameter logging, and has a certain application range by being developed aiming at the characteristics of logging instruments of various companies and simulating different environmental conditions. The hole diameter of the expanding section is often irregular, and the accuracy required by the correction chart is difficult to meet, so the error of the corrected result is large, and the process is complicated; secondly, the sound wave (AC) and neutron (CNL) curve values with high degree of correlation with the Density (DEN) curve are used for correction, but the detection depths of the two logging curves are small, the logging curves are also distorted in an expanding section, and the corrected density values are still inaccurate; thirdly, a deep lateral resistivity curve LLD curve which is large in detection distance and not easily affected by expanding is used for correction, but the LLD and Density (DEN) curve correlation is low, so that the correction accuracy is low generally.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN100510779C discloses a method for determining the stratum density of an expanded diameter section by using an acoustic curve calibration method, which comprises the steps of firstly determining the expanded diameter section and a non-expanded diameter section, then establishing a regression relationship between a density logging value and an acoustic logging value in the non-expanded diameter section, and then popularizing the established regression relationship to the expanded diameter section so as to determine the stratum density of the expanded diameter section according to the acoustic logging value of the expanded diameter section. The method has higher requirements on the quality of the acoustic logging curve, the correlation coefficient of the acoustic and density curves is high, no measurement depth error exists between the interconversion acoustic and density result curves, and the result can meet the working requirement. However, for the curve of the sound wave with poor quality, the error transmission of the curve converted from the sound wave is further enlarged, and the density value cannot be accurately corrected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scales, which is used for solving the problem that the density value cannot be accurately corrected in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scales, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining the depth of the sandstone section according to the logging curve of the target area;
2) determining a non-expanding section and an expanding section of the sandstone section according to the well diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit;
3) performing regression analysis on the measured data of the non-expanding section, wherein the measured data comprises measured density data, measured depth lateral resistivity of corresponding depth and measured natural gamma value to obtain a non-expanding section relation model, and taking the non-expanding section relation model as an expanding section relation model; the non-expanding section relation model/expanding section relation model is as follows:
DEN=a×lg(LLD)+b×GR+c
in the formula, DEN is the density of the non-expanding section/expanding section, LLD is the deep lateral resistivity of the non-expanding section/expanding section, and GR is the natural gamma value of the non-expanding section/expanding section;
4) and obtaining a density logging curve after correction of the expanding section according to the deep lateral resistivity logging curve and the natural gamma logging curve of the expanding section and a relation model of the expanding section.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: starting from a commonly used LLD logging curve and a GR logging curve, the method obtains a non-expanding section relation model by performing regression analysis on measured data (including density data, deep lateral resistivity corresponding to the depth and natural gamma value) of a non-expanding section, popularizes the relation model to an expanding section, uses the non-expanding section relation model as an expanding section relation model, further generates a density logging curve after the expanding section is corrected by using the LLD logging curve and the GR logging curve of the expanding section, and reversely deduces a to-be-corrected curve from a stable curve to achieve the purpose of curve correction. The method combines the LLD logging curve and the GR logging curve to scale the density curve, effectively removes density measurement errors caused by irregular change of the borehole diameter, and solves the problem that the formation density is not accurately measured by a density logging instrument. And the LLD logging curve and the GR logging curve are slightly influenced by the borehole diameter and have certain correlation with the density, particularly the GR logging curve can effectively represent the shale content of the compact sandstone, and the shale content has good correlation with the sandstone density, so that the stratum density determined by the method is more accurate and is closer to a real stratum density logging value. The method has strong operability, small influence factors and high correction accuracy, and can improve the recognition success rate of the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the exploration and development of the oil and gas field. And the result proves that the corrected density curve has a better corresponding relation with the actually measured core porosity.
Further, in the step 1), the depth of the sandstone section is determined according to a natural gamma logging curve of the target area.
Further, in step 3), if there are at least two groups of measured data, selecting one group of measured data with the minimum tooth amplitude to perform regression analysis; the amplitude of the teeth is:
Etooth=(GRtooth-GRmin)/GRtooth
in the formula, tool is the amplitude of the teeth, GRthoth is the gamma value of the teeth, and GRmin is the minimum gamma value of the section of the logging curve.
Further, in the step 2), the means for determining the non-diameter-expanding section and the diameter-expanding section of the sandstone section according to the hole diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit is as follows: determining a non-expanding point and an expanding point according to the well diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit: if a certain depth point satisfies | Dr-Db |, then the depth point is an non-expanding diameter point; otherwise, the depth point is an expanding point; wherein Dr is the borehole diameter, Db is the drill bit diameter, and K is the borehole diameter expansion rate; according to the expanding points and the non-expanding points, if the thickness of the stratum subjected to continuous expanding is larger than a given cutoff value, the stratum section is an expanding section; and if the thickness of the continuous non-expanded stratum is greater than a given cutoff value, the section of the stratum is a non-expanded section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a tight sandstone density logging curve correction method based on combined LLD and GR calibration;
FIG. 2 is a single well plot of an unexpanded section of the well;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of hole diameter correction on the compensated density curves by the well logging curves LLD and GR in the hole enlargement section.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for determining the density of an expanding section by using a combined scale method of a LLD logging curve and a GR logging curve, which can effectively remove density measurement errors caused by irregular change of the well diameter, in consideration of the facts that the LLD logging curve and the GR logging curve are slightly influenced by the well diameter and have certain degree of correlation with the density, particularly the GR curve can effectively represent the mud content of compact sandstone and the mud content has good degree of correlation with the sandstone density. The following describes in detail a tight sandstone density logging curve correction method based on combined scales of LLD and GR according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on the LLD and GR combined scale is applied to the density logging curve correction of the compact quartz sandstone, the flow is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, determining the depth of a compact quartz sandstone section by using a natural gamma logging curve (GR) of a target area.
And establishing a corresponding relation among the rock core, the rock debris and the GR obtained by drilling in the target area, and dividing the top and bottom boundary lines of the sandstone in the same stratigraphic unit for a limited value range, namely the GR value is less than 60API, and the interlayer section with the GR value more than 60API is not more than 3 m.
For example, as shown in figure 2, the section of quartz sand of the well is 3896.260 m to 3901.860 m, 3903.680 m to 3906.920 m.
And step two, judging the depth of the diameter expanding section by using the well diameter curve in the same sand body, and determining the diameter expanding section and the non-diameter expanding section.
The formula of the hole diameter expansion rate is as follows:
K=(Dr-Db)/Db×100% (1)
wherein K is the hole diameter enlargement rate; dr is the well diameter, cm; db is the drill diameter, cm.
Recording the diameter of a borehole as Dr, the diameter of a drill bit as Db, setting an error limit K (K > 0), and if the error limit K is | Dr-Db | and ≦ K at a certain depth point, setting the error limit as a non-expanding diameter point; otherwise, if | Dr-Db | > K, it is the expanding point. If the thickness of the stratum with continuous diameter expansion is larger than a given cut-off value zeta (zeta is larger than or equal to 0), the stratum of the section is considered as a diameter expansion section; if the thickness of the formation that is continuously not expanded is greater than a given cutoff value ζ, the section of the formation is considered to be an unexpanded section.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, if the diameter Db of the drill bit is 21.59cm, K < 1, and ζ is 3.0m, the non-expanded diameter section is 3896.260 m to 3901.860 m, 3903.680 m to 3906.920 m according to the principle that the thickness of the continuous non-expanded diameter stratum is larger than ζ.
For another example, in the well shown in fig. 3, the drill diameter Db is 24.13cm, K > 1, and ζ is 3.0 m. The non-expanded diameter section is 3792.208 m to 3802.860 m according to the principle that the thickness of the continuous non-expanded diameter stratum is larger than zeta.
And step three, constructing the relation between DEN and lg (LLD) and GR in the sandstone section of the non-diameter-expanding section, wherein the relation is shown as a formula (2). And (3) calculating model parameters a, b and c in the relation by utilizing the measured density Data (DEN) of the non-expanding section, the measured depth lateral resistivity (LLD) of the corresponding depth and the measured natural gamma value (GR) to obtain a non-expanding section relation model. The relationship is:
DEN=a×lg(LLD)+b×GR+c (2)
wherein DEN is measured compensation density, g/cm3(ii) a LLD is the measured deep lateral resistivity, Ω. m; GR is the measured natural gamma value, API; a. and b and c are model parameters, and are obtained by substituting the stratum density data of the non-expanded diameter section and the logging data of the corresponding depth into an equation (2) regression. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
respectively obtaining lg (LLD), GR and DEN value samples at intervals of 0.125m thickness in the same set of sandstone above the top depth and below the bottom depth of the expanding section, continuously taking 25 samples (3m) as a group, and respectively calculating E in each grouptoothThe value is obtained. The group with the smallest Etooth value (Etooth ═ 0.25) was selected for multiple regression analysis to obtain the model parameters in formula (2). Wherein E istoothThe calculation formula of the value is:
Etooth=(GRtooth-GRmin)/GRtooth (3)
in the formula, EtoothThe amplitude of the teeth is dimensionless; GRtoothGamma value for tooth, API; GRminAnd the minimum gamma value, API, of the section of the well log.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, a table of the DEN, lg (lld) and GR of 25 sandstone segments of the well is established as shown in table 1, and regression analysis is performed to obtain the regression relationship of the non-expanded diameter segment as follows:
DEN=0.0622*lg(LLD)+0.0009*GR+2.4048 (4)
TABLE 1 sandstone section logging data table of non-expanded diameter well
Figure BDA0002619131650000051
And step four, the established regression relation is popularized to the expanding section, and the non-expanding section relation model is used as the expanding section relation model. And then according to the LLD logging curve and GR logging curve of the expanding section and the relation model of the expanding section, the density logging curve after the expanding section is corrected can be obtained, and the purpose of curve correction is achieved by reversely deducing the curve to be corrected from the stable curve.
For example, with respect to a well having a logging curve for a certain expanded diameter section in the gas field, the logging curves LLD and GR of the well are substituted into the density logging curve calculation formula of the present invention, so that the density logging curve of the well can be obtained, as shown in fig. 3. The corrected compensation density curve has a good corresponding relation with the actually measured core porosity.
The invention has lower requirement on required data and data, the corrected density value is close to the real formation density logging value, and the corrected density is combined with other logging data to be better used for reservoir evaluation. Reservoir research is carried out on the corrected logging curve, and the reliability, effectiveness and rationality of logging lithology identification, reservoir division and interpretation can be obviously improved.

Claims (4)

1. A compact sandstone density logging curve correction method based on LLD and GR combined scales is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining the depth of the sandstone section according to the logging curve of the target area;
2) determining a non-expanding section and an expanding section of the sandstone section according to the well diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit;
3) performing regression analysis on the measured data of the non-expanding section, wherein the measured data comprises measured density data, measured depth lateral resistivity of corresponding depth and measured natural gamma value to obtain a non-expanding section relation model, and taking the non-expanding section relation model as an expanding section relation model; the non-expanding section relation model/expanding section relation model is as follows:
DEN=a×lg(LLD)+b×GR+c
in the formula, DEN is the density of the non-expanding section/expanding section, LLD is the deep lateral resistivity of the non-expanding section/expanding section, and GR is the natural gamma value of the non-expanding section/expanding section;
4) and obtaining a density logging curve after correction of the expanding section according to the deep lateral resistivity logging curve and the natural gamma logging curve of the expanding section and a relation model of the expanding section.
2. The method for correcting the tight sandstone density logging curve based on the combined scales of the LLD and the GR as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the depth of the sandstone section is determined according to the natural gamma logging curve of the target zone.
3. The tight sandstone density logging curve correction method based on the combined scales of the LLD and the GR of claim 1, wherein in the step 3), if at least two groups of measured data exist, one group of measured data with the minimum tooth amplitude is selected for regression analysis; the amplitude of the teeth is:
Etooth=(GRtooth-GRmin)/GRtooth
in the formula, tool is the amplitude of the teeth, GRthoth is the gamma value of the teeth, and GRmin is the minimum gamma value of the section of the logging curve.
4. The tight sandstone density logging curve correction method based on the combined scales of LLD and GR of claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the means for determining the non-diameter-expanding section and the diameter-expanding section of the sandstone section according to the hole diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit comprises the following steps:
determining a non-expanding point and an expanding point according to the well diameter curve and the diameter of the drill bit: if a certain depth point has | Dr-Db | is not more than K, then it is a non-expanding point; otherwise, the diameter is expanded point; wherein Dr is the borehole diameter, Db is the drill bit diameter, and K is the borehole diameter expansion rate;
according to the expanding points and the non-expanding points, if the thickness of the stratum subjected to continuous expanding is larger than a given cutoff value, the stratum section is an expanding section; and if the thickness of the continuous non-expanded stratum is greater than a given cutoff value, the section of the stratum is a non-expanded section.
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