CN114062221B - Device and method for testing air permeability of porous sweating cooling material - Google Patents
Device and method for testing air permeability of porous sweating cooling material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114062221B CN114062221B CN202111248525.3A CN202111248525A CN114062221B CN 114062221 B CN114062221 B CN 114062221B CN 202111248525 A CN202111248525 A CN 202111248525A CN 114062221 B CN114062221 B CN 114062221B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The application provides a porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device which comprises a testing clamp, a moving mechanism, an air supply and testing system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the testing clamp can clamp or loosen a sample, and the moving mechanism can support and move the sample so as to realize detection of different positions of the sample; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture and can supply gas into the test fixture, and the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire data in the test fixture when the gas permeates through the sample. The testing device has the advantages of compact structure, simple and convenient operation, good sealing effect, high testing precision, greatly reduced testing error, and improved reliability and repeatability of testing results.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material testing, in particular to a device and a method for testing air permeability of a porous sweating cooling material.
Background
The porous sweating cooling material is a new functional material developed in modern aerospace technology, and is characterized by that it utilizes cooling medium to make one side surface pass through porous material, and makes it produce a layer of completely continuous low-temp. air film on the other side surface of porous material, and said air film can separate material from heat flow, and can be used as an adhesive layer with good heat-insulating property so as to obtain excellent cooling effect. The advanced sweating cooling technology is adopted, so that the problem of improving the high temperature resistance of the alloy by means of alloying elements and adjusting a tissue structure is avoided, the traditional metal material is skillfully imitated into metal skin imitating sweat pores of human beings, and the metal skin is worn on the surface of a thermal junction member of an aerospace craft, so that the high temperature resistance, deformation resistance and ablation resistance caused by temperature difference stress, and durability and reliability of the thermal junction member can be remarkably improved. Porous sweatcooling materials are capable of operating under temperature conditions that are difficult to withstand with typical high temperature materials, and have been widely appreciated, particularly under extreme temperature conditions, such as liquid carrier rocket engines and hypersonic aircraft combustors, as a heat protection structural material, which is favored.
In order to realize the application of the porous sweat cooling material under the extreme temperature condition, besides the requirement that the material has certain strength and rigidity, good oxidation resistance and good fatigue resistance, the air permeability of the material must be controlled within a reasonable narrow range, such as (0.01-0.1) g/cm 2 S, and has good ventilation uniformity, so that a layer of completely continuous coolant surface layer with uniform thickness can be established on the surface of the heated end surface when the material is used, a good cooling effect is realized, and the consumption of the coolant can be reduced to be near the lower limit value of the dosage use requirement, thereby achieving a relatively ideal cooling effect. Therefore, the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity are important technical parameters of the porous sweating cooling material (the air permeability uniformity is measured by adopting the root mean square deviation of the air permeability), the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity with the numerical value meeting the design index requirements are definitely one of indispensable conditions for realizing ideal operation working conditions of the porous sweating cooling material in engineering application,meanwhile, the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of the porous sweat cooling material used as a heat-proof structural member in an extreme temperature environment also need to be subjected to nondestructive testing in the development and production of the product, so that the performance of the product can meet the design and use performance requirements.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a porous sweat cooling material air permeability test apparatus and test method.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a device and a method for testing the air permeability of a porous sweating cooling material, wherein the device is used for testing the air permeability of the porous sweating cooling material. The testing device is simple and convenient to operate, good in sealing effect, high in testing precision, capable of greatly reducing testing errors, improving reliability and repeatability of testing results, and capable of enabling the results to be transmitted to a computer after being collected by a data acquisition instrument, and enabling the computer to automatically calculate through a set program to obtain the testing results with visual display, so that the porous material air permeability and permeability uniformity distribution degree can be tested and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the device comprises a test fixture, a moving mechanism, an air supply and test system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the test device is used for carrying out air permeability test on a sample of the porous material; the test fixture is internally provided with a cavity, the test fixture can clamp or loosen the sample, and the moving mechanism can support and move the sample so as to realize detection of different positions of the sample; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test clamp and can supply gas into the test clamp, and the gas entering the test clamp can penetrate through the sample; the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire data in the test fixture when the gas permeates through the sample.
Further, in the porous sweat cooling material air permeability testing device, the testing fixture is composed of an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are respectively located at two sides of the sample piece, the upper section and the lower section are oppositely arranged, and both the upper section and the lower section can be close to or far away from the sample piece, so that the sample piece can be clamped or loosened; preferably, the upper section has an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity surrounding the upper inner cavity, the lower end of the upper section being open; the lower section is provided with a lower inner cavity and a lower outer cavity, the lower outer cavity surrounds the lower inner cavity, and the upper end of the lower section is open; the inner diameter of the upper inner cavity is consistent with that of the lower inner cavity, and the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity is consistent with that of the lower outer cavity; when the test clamp clamps a sample, the lower end of the upper section is contacted with the sample, and the upper end of the lower section is contacted with the sample.
Further, in the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, the upper end of the upper section is closed, and the lower end of the lower section is closed; the lower end of the side wall of the upper inner cavity, the lower end of the side wall of the upper outer cavity, the upper end of the side wall of the lower inner cavity and the upper end of the side wall of the lower outer cavity are all provided with grooves, and sealing rings are placed in the grooves.
Further, in the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, a hole is formed in the side wall of the lower inner cavity, and the hole can enable the air pressure of the lower inner cavity to be the same as that of the lower outer cavity; preferably, the holes are oppositely arranged in 2.
Further, in the porous sweat cooling material air permeability testing device, the air supply and testing system comprises an air tank, an air inlet pipe and a pressure gauge, wherein the air tank is communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe, the lower outer cavity is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the other end of the air inlet pipe; a control valve is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe and used for adjusting and stabilizing the air pressure at the air inlet; a gas pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe between the control valve and the other end of the air inlet pipe, and is used for monitoring, measuring and displaying the gas pressure in the gas tank and the air inlet pipe; the pressure gauges are provided with 2 pressure gauges, one pressure gauge is communicated with the lower inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and used for testing the air pressure in the lower inner cavity, and the other pressure gauge is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and used for testing the air pressure in the upper inner cavity; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge, wherein the differential pressure gauge is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity through two connecting pipelines and is used for measuring the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a flow meter, wherein the flow meter is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and is used for measuring the flow rate of the gas passing through the sample piece of the occupied area of the upper inner cavity; the side wall of the upper outer cavity is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port can discharge the gas in the upper outer cavity into the air through the exhaust pipe.
Further, in the porous sweat cooling material air permeability testing device, the gas for testing contained in the gas tank may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen or inert gas.
Further, in the porous sweat cooling material air permeability testing device, the device further comprises a pressurizing system and a supporting base, wherein the lower section is arranged on the supporting base, and the pressurizing system is in contact with the top end of the upper section and can pressurize the upper section; preferably, the pressurizing system comprises a hydraulic station and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station, a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the test fixture, and the pressurizing system and the supporting base are matched to be capable of compressing or loosening the test fixture and the sample; the piston rod is connected with the test fixture through a connecting piece.
Further, in the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, the moving mechanism comprises a moving base, the moving base can move forwards and backwards in a bidirectional manner, a fixed scale capable of displaying the moving distance value is arranged at the moving position along the moving base, a nut is arranged on the moving base, the nut is connected with a lead screw, the lead screw is connected with a handle, and the handle can be rocked to enable the moving base to move; the upper surface of removal base is provided with a plurality of screws, the screw cover has the spring test fixture loosens when the sample piece, a plurality of the screw with the spring is used for with the sample piece pushes away the hypomere, moving mechanism still includes tray and circumference slewing mechanism, circumference slewing mechanism sets up remove the circumference of base, circumference slewing mechanism can be followed remove the circumference of base and carry out circumference motion, the tray is placed circumference slewing mechanism is last, the tray is used for placing the sample piece.
Further, in the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, the data acquisition and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters, a flow transmitter, a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the pressure transmitters are used for respectively obtaining the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity or the lower inner cavity and the upper inner cavity; the flow transmitter is used for transmitting gas flow from a sample piece with the occupied area of the upper inner cavity; the data acquisition instrument is connected with the pressure transmitter, the flow transmitter and the computer, and is used for respectively transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter to the computer in a numerical form, and software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer.
On the other hand, a method for testing the air permeability of a porous material is provided, and the air permeability testing device for the porous sweating cooling material is utilized and comprises the following steps:
(1) Assembling the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, switching on a power supply of equipment, preheating for 15 minutes or more, setting a switch of a control valve at a closing position after the state of the flowmeter is stable, and carrying out zero adjustment treatment on the flowmeter;
(2) Placing a sample to be tested on the supporting plate, then shaking the handle to enable the sample to perform linear motion, and rotating the circumferential rotating mechanism to enable the sample to perform circumferential motion, so that the center point of the position to be tested on the sample is positioned on the center axis of the test fixture;
(3) Starting a 'compaction' control switch of the hydraulic station, enabling the upper section to move downwards through a piston rod of the oil cylinder and enabling the test clamp to compact a sample by matching with the lower section, and keeping a continuous and stable compaction state;
(4) Opening a control valve, checking a gas pressure reducing valve, adjusting and fixing the air pressure of an air inlet pipe by using the control valve, opening a pressure transmitter and a flow transmitter, adjusting and keeping the air pressure difference between an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity of a test fixture to be zero, and then using a data acquisition instrument to transmit the air pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter and the flow transmitter to a computer in a numerical form for storage and subsequent calculation processing under the working condition;
(5) Starting a hydraulic station 'loosening' control switch to enable the test fixture to be loosened and far away from the sample piece, and then repeating the operations (2) - (4) to finish the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other set position points on the porous material sample piece;
(6) After the air permeability test of all the position points on the sample piece is completed, the air permeability, average air permeability and air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece can be obtained through automatic analysis and calculation of a computer.
According to analysis, the application discloses a porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device and a testing method, the testing device is compact in structure, simple and convenient to operate, good in sealing effect and high in testing precision, test errors are greatly reduced, reliability and repeatability of testing results are improved, a movable base capable of performing linear motion and a circumferential rotating mechanism capable of performing circumferential motion are skillfully combined together, and nondestructive testing of air permeability of any position point of a flat porous sweating cooling material can be accurately and conveniently completed. The influence of the thickness and the unevenness of the porous material on the test result can be eliminated, so that the test result is accurate, reliable and easy to control; the pressure transmitter and the flow transmitter are adopted for measurement, the data acquisition instrument is adopted for connecting the transmitter and the computer for real-time data transmission, and finally the computer calculates the air permeability, average air permeability and air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece through an automatic preset program, so that the air permeability and the permeability uniformity distribution degree of the porous material can be qualitatively and quantitatively tested and evaluated, and the porous material sample piece is convenient and quick.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a porous sweat-releasing cooling material according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an upper section of a test fixture according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a lower section of a test fixture according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection position of a sample to be detected according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1, testing a clamp; 2 upper section; 3 upper cavity; 4 an upper outer cavity; 5 lower section; 6, a lower inner cavity; 7, a lower outer cavity; 8, sealing rings; 9 holes; 10 exhaust ports; 11 an exhaust pipe; 12 samples; 13 a gas tank; 14, an air inlet pipe; 15 pressure gauge; 16 control valve; 17 a gas pressure reducing valve; 18 differential pressure gauge; a 19 flow meter; 20 moving the base; a 21 tray; 22 circumferential rotation mechanisms; 23 hydraulic stations; 24 oil cylinders; 25 a support base; a pressure transmitter; a 27 flow transmitter; 28 data acquisition instrument; 29 computers.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. The examples are provided by way of explanation of the application and not limitation of the application. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. Accordingly, it is intended that the present application encompass such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
In the description of the present application, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present application and do not require that the present application must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The terms "coupled," "connected," and "configured" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected or detachably connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate component; either a wired electrical connection, a radio connection or a wireless communication signal connection, the specific meaning of which terms will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
One or more examples of the application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the application. As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to represent the location or importance of the individual components.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, according to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a porous sweating cooling material air permeability test device, including, as shown in fig. 1, a test jig 1, a moving mechanism, an air supply and test system, and a data acquisition and processing system, with which an air permeability test can be performed on a sample 12 of a porous material to be tested; wherein, a cavity is arranged in the test fixture 1, and the test fixture 1 can clamp or unclamp the sample 12; the moving mechanism can support and move the sample 12 so as to realize detection of different position points of the sample 12; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture 1 and can supply gas into the test fixture 1, and the gas entering the test fixture 1 from the gas supply and test system can penetrate through the sample piece 12; the data acquisition and processing system is in communication with the test fixture 1 and is capable of acquiring data within the test fixture 1 as the gas permeates through the sample 12.
Further, the test fixture 1 is composed of an upper section 2 and a lower section 5, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are respectively positioned at two sides of the sample 12, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are oppositely arranged, and the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 can be close to or far from the sample 12, so that the sample 12 can be clamped or loosened; preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the upper section 2 has an upper inner cavity 3 and an upper outer cavity 4, the upper outer cavity 4 surrounding the upper inner cavity 3, the lower end of the upper section 2 being open; as shown in fig. 3, the lower section 5 has a lower inner chamber 6 and a lower outer chamber 7, the lower outer chamber 7 surrounding the lower inner chamber 6, the upper end of the lower section 5 being open; the inner diameter of the upper inner cavity 3 is consistent with that of the lower inner cavity 6, the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity 4 is consistent with that of the lower outer cavity 7, the axes of the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are collinear, the upper inner cavity 3 of the upper section 2 corresponds to the lower inner cavity 6 of the lower section 5, the upper outer cavity 4 of the upper section 2 corresponds to the lower outer cavity 7 of the lower section 5, and gas supplied by a gas supply and test system enters the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 after passing through the sample piece 12 from the lower inner cavity 6 and the lower outer cavity 7 respectively; the arrangement is easy to ensure and calculate that the area of the gas flowing through the upper inner cavity 3 is a constant value, and the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 of the upper section 2 is easy to adjust and maintain to be zero, so that the influence of the gas on the lateral side flow of the surface of the sample piece 12 is eliminated, and the test result is accurate and stable. When the test jig 1 clamps the sample 12, the lower end of the upper section 2 contacts the sample 12, and the upper end of the lower section 5 contacts the sample 12. The test fixture 1 is a split type die, the test fixture 1 is divided into an upper section 2 and a lower section 5, and the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are assembled together by adopting two steel pipe materials with different diameter specifications under the condition of keeping concentric axes. When the test is carried out, the local area of the tested sample piece 12 is required to be placed between the two dies of the upper section 2 and the lower section 5, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 clamp the sample piece 12, and the air permeability of the local area of the tested sample piece 12 is tested by supplying air in the test fixture 1.
Further, the upper end of the upper section 2 is closed, and the lower end of the lower section 5 is closed; the lower end of the side wall of the upper inner cavity 3, the lower end of the side wall of the upper outer cavity 4, the upper end of the side wall of the lower inner cavity 6 and the upper end of the side wall of the lower outer cavity 7 are respectively provided with a groove, the grooves are perpendicular to the wall thickness direction of the upper section 2 and the lower section 5, a sealing ring 8 is placed in each groove, each sealing ring 8 is a round rubber sealing ring, the shape and the size of each groove are matched with those of each sealing ring 8, and therefore the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are respectively formed into a combined die with a round cavity (the upper inner cavity 3 and the lower inner cavity 6) and a round cavity (the upper outer cavity 4 and the lower outer cavity 7). The sealing ring 8 in the groove of the upper section 2 can ensure the isolation and sealing performance of the inner circular chamber (the upper inner cavity 3) and the outer circular chamber (the upper outer cavity 4) of the upper section 2, and the sealing ring 8 in the groove of the lower section 5 can ensure the sealing performance of the lower section 5, so that the influence of the transverse side flow of gas on the surface of the sample 12 can be eliminated.
Because the structure (the test fixture 1) with the transverse airflow compensation function is designed, the air pressure of the circular cavity of the upper inner cavity 3 of the combined die is the same as the air pressure of the circular cavity of the upper outer cavity 4 (namely, the air pressure difference between the two cavities is kept to be zero) by controlling the air circulation pressure in the outer circular cavity of the combined die separated by the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 during test, the influence of the transverse airflow on the test flow area is avoided, the deformation of the circular rubber sealing ring 8 is stable under the action of the determined pressing force, and the influence of the thickness and the unevenness of a porous material (the sample 12) on a test result can be eliminated; the device can eliminate the influence of the lateral side flow on the test result on one hand, and obtain the test result which is close to the real air permeability of the porous material; on the other hand, the factors influencing the stability of the test result are reduced, so that the stability of the test result is easy to be satisfactorily controlled.
Further, a hole 9 is formed in the side wall of the lower inner cavity 6, the hole 9 is arranged to enable the air pressure of the lower inner cavity 6 to be the same as the air pressure of the lower outer cavity 7, and the size of the hole 9 is capable of enabling the air pressure of the lower inner cavity 6 to be the same as the air pressure of the lower outer cavity 7; preferably, the holes 9 are oppositely arranged in 2. The arrangement can ensure that no influence of a transverse side flow of gas exists on the test flow area, and then the test result which is close to the actual air permeability of the porous 9 material is obtained.
Further, the air supply and test system comprises an air tank 13, an air inlet pipe 14 and a pressure gauge 15, wherein the air tank 13 is communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe 14, the lower outer cavity 7 is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the other end of the air inlet pipe 14; a control valve 16 is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe 14, and the control valve 16 is used for adjusting and stabilizing the air pressure at the air inlet; a gas pressure reducing valve 17 is provided on the intake pipe 14 between the control valve 16 and the other end of the intake pipe 14, the gas pressure reducing valve 17 being for monitoring, measuring and displaying the gas pressure in the gas tank 13 and the intake pipe 14; the pressure gauges 15 are provided with 2 pressure gauges, wherein one pressure gauge 15 is communicated with the lower inner cavity 6 through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the lower inner cavity 6, and the other pressure gauge 15 is communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the upper inner cavity 3; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge 18, wherein the differential pressure gauge 18 is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 through two connecting pipelines, and the differential pressure gauge 18 is used for measuring the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a flow meter 19, the flow meter 19 is communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 through a connecting pipeline, the flow meter 19 is used for measuring the flow rate of the gas permeated from the sample piece 12 with the occupied area of the upper inner cavity 3, and the flow meter 19 is provided with an emptying port for emptying the gas for testing in the upper inner cavity 3; an exhaust port 10 is provided on the side wall of the upper outer chamber 4, and an exhaust pipe 11 is connected to the exhaust port 10, and the exhaust port 10 can exhaust the gas in the upper outer chamber 4 into the air through the exhaust pipe 11. The upper section 2 of the test fixture 1 is an air inlet end, the lower section 5 is an air outlet end, during testing, gas output by the air tank 13 firstly enters the lower section 5 of the test fixture 1 through the air inlet pipe 14 and enters the upper section 2 of the test fixture 1 after passing through the sample 12, and finally the gas is discharged through the air outlet 10.
Further, the gas for testing contained in the gas tank 13 may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen, or inert gas.
Further, the test device also comprises a pressurizing system and a supporting base 25, wherein the lower section 5 is arranged on the supporting base 25, and the pressurizing system is contacted with the top end of the upper section 2 and can pressurize the upper section 2; preferably, the pressurizing system comprises a hydraulic station 23, an oil cylinder 24, a piston rod, a connecting piece of the piston rod and a test fixture and a control switch, wherein the hydraulic station 23 comprises a motor, an oil pump, an overflow valve, a fixed valve, a reversing valve, a pressure gauge, an oil pipe, a pipe joint, an oil tank, an oil filter, an oil level oil temperature gauge and the like; the oil cylinder 24 is connected with the hydraulic station 23, a piston rod of the oil cylinder 24 is connected with the test fixture 1 (the top end of the upper section 2) in a welding mode, a welding part has good sealing performance, and the pressurizing system and the supporting base 25 are matched to compress or loosen the test fixture 1 and the sample 12; the piston rod is connected with the test fixture 1 (the top end of the upper section 2) through a connecting piece. The pressurizing system is used for realizing the functions of linear motion, compression and release of the test fixture 1.
Further, the moving mechanism comprises a moving base 20, the moving base 20 can move forward and backward in a bidirectional manner, a fixed scale capable of displaying the moving distance value is arranged along the moving position of the moving base 20, a nut is arranged at a proper position facing to a detection person on the moving base 20, the nut is connected with a screw rod, the screw rod is connected with a handle, the detection person can drive the moving base 20 to move forward and backward in a bidirectional linear manner through the screw rod by shaking the handle, the moving distance (within a design moving distance allowable range) of the moving base 20 taking the central axis of the test fixture 1 as a standard can be controlled at will according to the requirement, the moving distance data can be read out quickly through the fixed scale, and the moving base 20 can be moved to a designated position through shaking the handle according to the value of the fixed scale; the upper surface of the mobile base 20 is provided with a plurality of screws, which are sleeved with springs. The moving mechanism further comprises a tray 21 and a circumferential rotating mechanism 22, the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 is arranged on the circumference of the moving base 20, the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 can perform circumferential movement along the circumference of the moving base 20, the tray 21 is placed on the circumferential rotating mechanism 22, and the tray 21 is used for placing the sample 12. When the detection position needs to be changed, the pressurizing system is utilized to enable the test fixture 1 to loosen the sample piece 12, the piston rod of the oil cylinder 24 moves upwards to drive the upper section 2 to be away from the sample piece 12, the sample piece 12 is pushed away from the lower section 5 under the action of a plurality of screws and springs, then the movable base 20 and the circumferential rotation mechanism 22 are utilized to conduct forward and backward bidirectional movement and circumferential rotation operation on the sample piece 12, at the moment, the sample piece 12 is far away from the upper section 2 and the lower section 5, and the test fixture 1 can be suitable for nondestructive testing of the air permeability test of the local area of the flat porous material sample piece 12. The circumferential rotation mechanism 22 can set the same rotation angle of interval between two adjacent detection position points at 360 degrees in a uniform or unequal mode according to the test position points and the distribution condition of the test position points, a plurality of conical positioning grooves are arranged on the movable base 20 at intervals according to the rotation angle, positioning pins are arranged on the circumferential rotation mechanism 22, accurate positioning of the rotation angle of the circumferential rotation mechanism 22 is achieved through matching of the positioning pins and the positioning grooves, and the positioning stability of the detection position points of the porous materials is maintained.
The air permeability data obtained by testing each position point to be tested on the sample 12 is the air permeability of the local area of the sample 12, and for the air permeability requirement of the porous material to be accurately known in detail, the detection position points need to be added appropriately and all the detection position points are uniformly distributed as far as possible. As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present application, the center of the sample 12 to be measured is divided into 4 circles from the center of the sample 12 to the edge of the sample 12, and the circles are uniformly divided into 12 equal parts in 360 ° circumferential directions, wherein the center of the sample 12 to the edge of the sample 12 is respectively a first circle, a second circle, a third circle and a fourth circle, wherein 1 detection point is set in the center of the sample 12, 3 detection points are set in the first circle, 6 detection points are set in the second circle, 12 detection points are set in the third circle and the fourth circle, and 34 detection points are set in total.
By matching the movable base 20 capable of rectilinear motion with the circumferential rotation mechanism 22 capable of circumferential motion, the air permeability test of a local area at any position point of the flat porous sweating cooling material can be accurately and conveniently completed; in the detection, along with a series of motion actions of the test fixture 1 moving towards the sample 12 to be detected, compressing, maintaining pressure, loosening and deviating from the sample 12, after the air permeability test of the local area where a certain position point on the sample 12 is located is completed, the fixture is loosened and moves away from the sample 12, at the moment, the supporting plate placed on the sample 12 and the circumferential rotation mechanism 22 can keep a certain distance between the sample 12 and the two fixture test ends under the rebound action of the supporting springs at the lower part of the supporting plate, and the damage of the surface of the sample 12 by the fixture test end can be prevented when the test position point of the sample 12 is changed later, so that the nondestructive detection is realized; and the mechanism has compact structure and is easy to assemble and disassemble.
Further, the data acquisition and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters 26, a flow transmitter 27, a data acquisition instrument 28 and a computer 29, wherein the pressure transmitters 26 are used for respectively acquiring the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity 7 or the lower inner cavity 6 and the upper inner cavity 3; flow transducer 27 is for the flow of gas therethrough from sample 12 over the area of upper lumen 3; the data acquisition instrument 28 is connected with the pressure transmitter 26, the flow transmitter 27 and the computer 29, and is used for respectively transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter 26 and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter 27 to the computer 29 in a numerical form for subsequent processing, software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer 29, the computer 29 can rapidly analyze and calculate the numerical information transmitted by the data acquisition instrument 28, and then the existing information including the diameters of the upper inner cavity 3, the upper outer cavity 4, the lower inner cavity 6 and the lower outer cavity 7 of the test fixture 1 is combined, so that the air permeability of each detection position point on the porous material sample 12, and the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of the porous material sample 12 can be obtained. Wherein the average air permeability is the arithmetic average value of the air permeability at each test position point; the air permeability uniformity is the root mean square deviation of all air permeability test results.
The application also discloses a method for testing the air permeability of the porous material, which utilizes the device for testing the air permeability of the porous sweating cooling material and comprises the following steps:
(1) Assembling the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, switching on the power supply of the equipment, preheating for 15 minutes or more, setting the switch of the control valve 16 at the 'off' position after the state of the flowmeter 19 is stable, and carrying out zero position adjustment treatment on the flowmeter 19;
(2) Placing the sample 12 to be tested on the supporting plate, then shaking the handle to enable the sample 12 to perform linear motion, and rotating the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 to enable the sample 12 to perform circumferential motion, so that the center point of the position to be tested on the sample 12 is located on the center axis of the test fixture 1;
(3) The hydraulic station 23 is started to press the control switch, the upper section 2 is moved downwards through the piston rod of the oil cylinder 24 and matched with the lower section 5 to press the sample 12 by the test fixture 1, and the continuous and stable pressing state is maintained;
(4) Opening a control valve 16, checking a gas pressure reducing valve 17, adjusting and fixing the gas pressure of the gas inlet pipe 14 by using the control valve 16, opening a pressure transmitter 26 and a flow transmitter 27, adjusting and keeping the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 of the test fixture 1 to be zero, and then using a data acquisition instrument 28 to transmit the gas pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter 26 and the flow transmitter 27 to a computer 29 in a numerical form for storage and subsequent calculation processing under the working condition state;
(5) Starting a hydraulic station 23 'loosening' control switch to enable the test fixture 1 to be loosened and far away from the sample piece 12, and repeating the operations (2) - (4) to finish the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other preset position points on the porous material sample piece 12;
(6) After the air permeability test of all the positions on the sample 12 is completed, the air permeability, average air permeability and air permeability uniformity of each tested position of the porous material sample 12 can be obtained by automatic analysis and calculation by the computer 29.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
(1) The device and the method for testing the air permeability of the porous sweating cooling material have the advantages of compact structure, simple operation, good sealing effect, high testing precision, greatly reduced testing errors, improved reliability and repeatability of testing results, and skillfully combined two mechanisms of the movable base 20 capable of performing linear motion and the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 capable of performing circumferential motion, so that nondestructive testing of the air permeability of any position point of the flat porous sweating cooling material can be accurately and conveniently finished.
(2) The application designs the test fixture 1 with the transverse airflow compensation function structure, under the action of the determined pressing force, the influence of the transverse airflow on the flow area during the test can be completely eliminated, and meanwhile, the deformation of the round rubber sealing ring 8 is stable, the influence of the thickness and the unevenness of the porous material on the test result can be eliminated, so that the test result is accurate, reliable and easy to control;
(3) The application adopts the pressure transmitter 26 and the flow transmitter 27 for measurement, simultaneously adopts the data acquisition instrument 28 to connect the transmitter and the computer 29 for real-time data transmission, and finally the computer 29 calculates the air permeability, average air permeability and air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece 12 through an automatic preset program, thereby qualitatively and quantitatively testing and evaluating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity distribution degree of the porous material, and being convenient and quick.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (13)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a test fixture, a moving mechanism, an air supply and test system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the test device is used for carrying out air permeability test on a sample of the porous material; wherein,,
a cavity is arranged in the test fixture, the test fixture can clamp or unclamp the sample,
the moving mechanism can support and move the sample piece so as to realize detection of different position points of the sample piece;
the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test clamp and can supply gas into the test clamp, and the gas entering the test clamp can penetrate through the sample;
the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire data in the test fixture when the gas permeates through the sample;
the test fixture consists of an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are respectively positioned at two sides of the sample piece, the upper section and the lower section are oppositely arranged, and both the upper section and the lower section can be close to or far away from the sample piece, so that the sample piece can be clamped or loosened;
the upper section is provided with an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity, the upper outer cavity surrounds the upper inner cavity, and the lower end of the upper section is open;
the lower section is provided with a lower inner cavity and a lower outer cavity, the lower outer cavity surrounds the lower inner cavity, and the upper end of the lower section is open;
the side wall of the lower inner cavity is provided with a hole which can lead the air pressure of the lower inner cavity to be the same as that of the lower outer cavity,
the inner diameter of the upper inner cavity is consistent with that of the lower inner cavity, and the inner diameter of the upper outer cavity is consistent with that of the lower outer cavity.
2. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 1, wherein,
when the test clamp clamps a sample, the lower end of the upper section is contacted with the sample, and the upper end of the lower section is contacted with the sample.
3. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the upper end of the upper section is closed, and the lower end of the lower section is closed;
the lower end of the side wall of the upper inner cavity, the lower end of the side wall of the upper outer cavity, the upper end of the side wall of the lower inner cavity and the upper end of the side wall of the lower outer cavity are all provided with grooves, and sealing rings are placed in the grooves.
4. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the holes are oppositely arranged in 2.
5. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the air supply and test system comprises an air tank, an air inlet pipe and a pressure gauge, wherein the air tank is communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe, the lower outer cavity is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the other end of the air inlet pipe;
a control valve is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe and used for adjusting and stabilizing the air pressure at the air inlet;
a gas pressure reducing valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe between the control valve and the other end of the air inlet pipe, and is used for monitoring, measuring and displaying the gas pressure in the gas tank and the air inlet pipe;
the pressure gauge is provided with 2, one pressure gauge pass through a connecting tube with lower inner chamber intercommunication and test down the interior atmospheric pressure of inner chamber, another pressure gauge pass through a connecting tube with go up the inner chamber intercommunication and test go up the atmospheric pressure of inner chamber.
6. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 5, wherein,
the air supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge, wherein the differential pressure gauge is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity through two connecting pipelines, and the differential pressure gauge is used for measuring the air pressure difference between the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity.
7. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 5, wherein,
the gas supply and test system further comprises a flowmeter, wherein the flowmeter is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and is used for measuring the flow rate of the gas passing through the sample piece of the occupied area of the upper inner cavity;
the side wall of the upper outer cavity is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is connected with an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port can discharge the gas in the upper outer cavity into the air through the exhaust pipe.
8. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 5, wherein,
the gas contained in the gas tank for testing may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen, or an inert gas.
9. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the device further comprises a pressurizing system and a supporting base, wherein the lower section is arranged on the supporting base, and the pressurizing system is in contact with the top end of the upper section and can pressurize the upper section.
10. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 9, wherein,
the pressurizing system comprises a hydraulic station and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station, a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the test fixture, and the pressurizing system and the supporting base are matched to compress or loosen the test fixture and the sample;
the piston rod is connected with the test fixture through a connecting piece.
11. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the moving mechanism comprises a moving base,
the movable base can move forwards and backwards in a bidirectional way, a fixed scale capable of displaying the value of the moving distance is arranged along the moving position of the movable base,
the movable base is provided with a nut, the nut is connected with a screw rod, the screw rod is connected with a handle, and the handle is rocked to enable the movable base to move;
the upper surface of the movable base is provided with a plurality of screws, the screws are sleeved with springs,
when the test fixture loosens the sample, a plurality of the screws and the springs are used for pushing the sample away from the lower section,
the moving mechanism further comprises a tray and a circumferential rotating mechanism, the circumferential rotating mechanism is arranged on the circumferential ring of the moving base, the circumferential rotating mechanism can move circumferentially along the circumferential ring of the moving base, the tray is placed on the circumferential rotating mechanism, and the tray is used for placing the sample.
12. The porous sweat cooling material air permeability test device according to claim 2, wherein,
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters, a flow transmitter, a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein,
the pressure transmitters are used for respectively obtaining the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity or the lower inner cavity and the upper inner cavity;
the flow transmitter is used for transmitting gas flow from a sample piece with the occupied area of the upper inner cavity;
the data acquisition instrument is connected with the pressure transmitter, the flow transmitter and the computer, and is used for respectively transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter to the computer in a numerical form, and software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer.
13. A method for testing the air permeability of a porous material, using the device for testing the air permeability of a porous sweating cooling material according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps:
(1) Assembling the porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, switching on a power supply of equipment, preheating for 15 minutes or more, setting a control valve switch at a closing position after the state of the flowmeter is stable, and carrying out zero position adjustment treatment on the flowmeter;
(2) Placing a sample to be tested on the supporting plate, then shaking the handle to enable the sample to perform linear motion, and rotating the circumferential rotating mechanism to enable the sample to perform circumferential motion, so that the center point of the position to be tested on the sample is positioned on the center axis of the test fixture;
(3) Starting a 'compaction' control switch of the hydraulic station, enabling the upper section to move downwards through a piston rod of the oil cylinder and enabling the test clamp to compact a sample by matching with the lower section, and keeping a continuous and stable compaction state;
(4) Opening a control valve, checking a gas pressure reducing valve, adjusting and fixing the air pressure of an air inlet pipe by using the control valve, opening a pressure transmitter and a flow transmitter, adjusting and keeping the air pressure difference between an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity of a test fixture to be zero, and then using a data acquisition instrument to transmit the air pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter and the flow transmitter to a computer in a numerical form for storage and subsequent calculation processing under the working condition;
(5) Starting a hydraulic station 'loosening' control switch to enable the test fixture to be loosened and far away from the sample piece, and then repeating the operations (2) - (4) to finish the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other set position points on the porous material sample piece;
(6) After the air permeability test of all the position points on the sample piece is completed, the air permeability, average air permeability and air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece can be obtained through automatic analysis and calculation of a computer.
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