CN114062221A - Porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114062221A CN114062221A CN202111248525.3A CN202111248525A CN114062221A CN 114062221 A CN114062221 A CN 114062221A CN 202111248525 A CN202111248525 A CN 202111248525A CN 114062221 A CN114062221 A CN 114062221A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device which comprises a testing clamp, a moving mechanism, an air supply and testing system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the testing clamp can clamp or loosen a sample piece, and the moving mechanism can support and move the sample piece so as to realize detection of different position points of the sample piece; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture and can supply gas to the test fixture, and the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire the gas penetrating through the data in the test fixture during sample piece. The testing device has the advantages of compact structure, simple and convenient operation, good sealing effect and high testing precision, greatly reduces the testing error, improves the reliability and the repeatability of the testing result, and can accurately and conveniently complete the nondestructive testing of the air permeability of any position point of the flat-plate-shaped porous sweating cooling material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material testing, in particular to a device and a method for testing air permeability of a porous sweating cooling material.
Background
The porous sweating cooling material is a new functional material appearing in the development of modern aerospace and aviation technology, and is characterized by that it utilizes cooling medium to pass through porous material from one side surface, and makes it establish a layer of completely continuous low-temp. air film on another side surface of porous material, and said air film can separate material from heat flow, and can be formed into a surface layer with good heat-insulating property, so that it can obtain excellent cooling effect. The advanced sweating cooling technology is adopted, the problem that the high temperature resistance of the alloy is improved by depending on element alloying and adjusting the tissue structure is avoided, the traditional metal material is skillfully imitated to form metal skin imitating sweat pores of human beings, and the metal skin is worn on the surface of a thermal structural part of an aerospace vehicle, so that the high temperature resistance, the deformability and the ablation resistance caused by temperature difference stress resistance, and the durability and the reliability of use of the thermal structural part can be obviously improved. Porous transpiration cooling materials have been gaining wide attention as being capable of operating at temperatures that are not easily tolerated by typical high temperature materials, especially under extreme temperature conditions, such as liquid carrier rocket engines and combustion chambers of hypersonic aircraft, as a heat resistant structural material, which is gaining much interest.
In order to realize the application of the porous sweating cooling material under the extreme temperature condition, the material is required to have certain strength and rigidity, good oxidation resistance and good fatigue resistance, and the air permeability of the material must be controlled within a reasonable narrow range, such as (0.01-0.1) g/cm2S, andthe material has good ventilation uniformity, so that a completely continuous coolant boundary layer with uniform thickness can be established on the surface of the heated end surface when the material is used, good cooling effect is realized, the coolant consumption can be reduced to be close to the lower limit value of dosage use requirement, and a relatively ideal cooling effect is achieved. Therefore, the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity are important technical parameters of the porous sweating cooling material (the air permeability uniformity is measured by adopting the root mean square deviation of the air permeability), the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity with numerical values meeting the requirements of design indexes are undoubtedly one of indispensable conditions for realizing ideal operation conditions of the porous sweating cooling material in engineering application, and meanwhile, the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of the porous sweating cooling material used as a heat-proof structural member in an extreme temperature environment must be subjected to nondestructive detection in the research and production of products so as to ensure that the product performance meets the performance requirements of design and use.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing apparatus and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the air permeability of a porous sweating cooling material. The testing device is simple and convenient to operate, good in sealing effect and high in testing precision, greatly reduces testing errors, improves reliability and repeatability of testing results, transmits the results to the computer after being collected by the data acquisition instrument, and the computer automatically calculates through a set program to obtain the testing results which are visually displayed, so that the air permeability and the permeability uniformity distribution degree of the porous material can be qualitatively and quantitatively tested and evaluated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device comprises a testing clamp, a moving mechanism, an air supply and testing system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the testing device is used for testing the air permeability of a sample piece of a porous material; the test fixture is internally provided with a cavity, the test fixture can clamp or release the sample piece, and the moving mechanism can support and move the sample piece so as to realize detection of different position points of the sample piece; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture and can supply gas into the test fixture, and the gas entering the test fixture can penetrate through the sample piece; the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire data in the test fixture when the gas penetrates through the sample piece.
Further, in the above apparatus for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the test fixture is composed of an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are respectively located at two sides of the sample, the upper section and the lower section are oppositely disposed, and both the upper section and the lower section can be close to or far away from the sample, so as to clamp or release the sample; preferably, the upper section has an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity, the upper outer cavity surrounds the upper inner cavity, and the lower end of the upper section is open; the lower section is provided with a lower inner cavity and a lower outer cavity, the lower outer cavity surrounds the lower inner cavity, and the upper end of the lower section is open; the inner diameters of the upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity are consistent, and the inner diameters of the upper outer cavity and the lower outer cavity are consistent; when the test fixture clamps a sample, the lower end of the upper section is in contact with the sample, and the upper end of the lower section is in contact with the sample.
Further, in the above porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device, the upper end of the upper section is closed, and the lower end of the lower section is closed; grooves are formed in the lower end of the side wall of the upper inner cavity, the lower end of the side wall of the upper outer cavity, the upper end of the side wall of the lower inner cavity and the upper end of the side wall of the lower outer cavity, and sealing rings are placed in the grooves.
Further, in the above apparatus for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the sidewall of the lower inner chamber is provided with holes, and the holes enable the air pressure of the lower inner chamber to be the same as that of the lower outer chamber; preferably, the holes are oppositely arranged by 2.
Further, in the above device for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the air supply and test system comprises an air tank, an air inlet pipe and a pressure gauge, the air tank is communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe, the lower outer cavity is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is communicated with the other end of the air inlet pipe; a control valve is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe and used for adjusting and stabilizing air pressure at the air inlet; a gas pressure reducing valve is arranged on the gas inlet pipe between the control valve and the other end of the gas inlet pipe, and the gas pressure reducing valve is used for monitoring, measuring and displaying gas pressure in the gas tank and the gas inlet pipe; the number of the pressure gauges is 2, one pressure gauge is communicated with the lower inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the lower inner cavity, and the other pressure gauge is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the upper inner cavity; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge, the differential pressure gauge is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity through two connecting pipelines, and the differential pressure gauge is used for measuring the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a flow meter, the flow meter is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline, and the flow meter is used for measuring the flow rate of the gas penetrating through the sample piece in the area occupied by the upper inner cavity; the side wall of the upper outer cavity is provided with an exhaust port, an exhaust pipe is connected with the exhaust port, and the exhaust port can exhaust the gas in the upper outer cavity into the air through the exhaust pipe.
Further, in the above porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device, the gas for testing contained in the gas tank may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen, or inert gas.
Further, in the above apparatus for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the apparatus further comprises a pressurizing system and a supporting base, wherein the lower section is disposed on the supporting base, and the pressurizing system is in contact with the top end of the upper section and can pressurize the upper section; preferably, the pressurizing system comprises a hydraulic station and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station, a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the test fixture, and the pressurizing system and the supporting base are matched to compress or release the test fixture and the sample piece; the piston rod is connected with the test fixture through a connecting piece.
Further, in the above apparatus for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the moving mechanism includes a moving base, the moving base can move back and forth in both directions, a fixed scale capable of displaying a moving distance value is installed at a moving position along the moving base, a nut is installed on the moving base, the nut is connected with a lead screw, the lead screw is connected with a handle, and the moving base can move by shaking the handle; the upper surface of moving the base is provided with a plurality of screws, the screw cover has the spring test fixture unclamp when the sample, a plurality of the screw with the spring is used for with the sample pushes away from the hypomere, moving mechanism still includes tray and circumferential direction mechanism, circumferential direction mechanism sets up moving the border of base, circumferential direction mechanism can follow moving the border of base carries out circumferential motion, the tray is placed on the circumferential direction mechanism, the tray is used for placing the sample.
Further, in the above apparatus for testing air permeability of a porous transpiration cooling material, the data acquisition and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters, a flow transmitter, a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the plurality of pressure transmitters are used for respectively obtaining the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity or the lower inner cavity and the upper inner cavity; the flow transmitter is used for transmitting gas flow from the sample piece with the area occupied by the upper inner cavity; the data acquisition instrument is connected with the pressure transmitter, the flow transmitter and the computer and is used for respectively transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter to the computer in a numerical value mode, and software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer.
In another aspect, a method for testing the air permeability of a porous material is provided, which uses the above-mentioned air permeability testing device for a porous transpiration cooling material, and comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling the air permeability testing device of the porous sweating cooling material, switching on a power supply of equipment, preheating for 15 minutes or more, switching a control valve to be in a closing position after the state of the flowmeter is stable, and adjusting the zero position of the flowmeter;
(2) placing a sample piece to be tested on a supporting plate, then shaking a handle to make the sample piece perform linear motion, and rotating a circumferential rotating mechanism to make the sample piece perform circumferential motion, so that the central point of the position to be tested on the sample piece is positioned on the central axis of a test fixture;
(3) starting a 'pressing' control switch of the hydraulic station, enabling the upper section to move downwards through a piston rod of the oil cylinder and to be matched with the lower section to enable the test fixture to press the sample piece, and keeping a continuous and stable pressing state;
(4) opening a control valve, opening a pressure transmitter and a flow transmitter by checking a gas pressure reducing valve and utilizing the control valve to adjust and fix the air pressure of an air inlet pipe, adjusting and keeping the air pressure difference between an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity of a test fixture to be zero, and then transmitting the air pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter and the flow transmitter to a computer in a numerical value mode by using a data acquisition instrument under the working condition state for storage and subsequent calculation processing;
(5) starting a 'loosening' control switch of the hydraulic station to loosen the test fixture and keep away from the sample, and then repeating the operations (2) to (4) to finish the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other set position points on the porous material sample;
(6) after the air permeability tests of all the position points on the sample piece are completed, the air permeability, the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of all the test position points of the porous material sample piece can be obtained through automatic analysis and calculation of a computer.
The test device has compact structure, simple and convenient operation, good sealing effect and high test precision, greatly reduces test errors, improves the reliability and repeatability of test results, and can skillfully combine a moving base capable of performing linear motion and a circumferential rotating mechanism capable of performing circumferential motion. The influence on the test result caused by the change of the thickness and the unevenness of the porous material can be eliminated, so that the test result is accurate, reliable and easy to control; the method adopts a pressure transmitter and a flow transmitter for measurement, simultaneously adopts a data acquisition instrument to connect the transmitter and a computer for real-time data transmission, and finally the computer calculates the air permeability, the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece through an automatic established program, thereby being capable of qualitatively and quantitatively testing and evaluating the distribution degree of the air permeability and the permeability uniformity of the porous material, and being convenient and fast.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a porous transpiration cooling material tested in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an upper section of a test fixture according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lower section of a test fixture according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection position of a sample to be detected according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1, testing a clamp; 2, an upper section; 3, an upper inner cavity; 4 an upper outer cavity; 5, a lower section; 6, a lower inner cavity; 7 a lower outer cavity; 8, sealing rings; 9 holes; 10 an exhaust port; 11 an exhaust pipe; 12, a sample piece; 13 a gas tank; 14 air inlet pipes; 15 pressure gauge; 16 a control valve; 17 a gas pressure reducing valve; 18 a differential pressure gauge; 19 a flow meter; 20 moving the base; 21 a tray; 22 a circumferential rotation mechanism; 23 hydraulic stations; 24 oil cylinders; 25 supporting the base; 26 a pressure transmitter; 27 a flow transmitter; 28 a data acquisition instrument; 29 computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The various examples are provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected," "connected," and "disposed" as used herein are intended to be broadly construed, and may include, for example, fixed and removable connections; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components; the connection may be a wired electrical connection, a wireless electrical connection, or a wireless communication signal connection, and a person skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to specific situations.
One or more examples of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention. As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another, and are not intended to denote the position or importance of the individual components.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a testing jig 1, a moving mechanism, an air supply and testing system and a data acquisition and processing system, by which an air permeability test can be performed on a sample 12 of a porous material to be tested; wherein, a cavity is arranged in the test fixture 1, and the test fixture 1 can clamp or loosen the sample 12; the moving mechanism can support and move the sample 12 to realize the detection of different position points of the sample 12; the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture 1 and can supply gas into the test fixture 1, and the gas entering the test fixture 1 from the gas supply and test system can permeate the sample piece 12; the data acquisition and processing system is in communication with the test fixture 1 and is capable of acquiring data within the test fixture 1 as gas permeates through the sample 12.
Further, the test fixture 1 is composed of an upper section 2 and a lower section 5, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are respectively located at two sides of the sample 12, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are oppositely arranged, and both the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 can be close to or far away from the sample 12, so that the sample 12 can be clamped or loosened; preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the upper section 2 has an upper inner chamber 3 and an upper outer chamber 4, the upper outer chamber 4 surrounds the upper inner chamber 3, and the lower end of the upper section 2 is open; as shown in fig. 3, the lower section 5 has a lower inner chamber 6 and a lower outer chamber 7, the lower outer chamber 7 surrounds the lower inner chamber 6, and the upper end of the lower section 5 is open; the inner diameters of the upper inner cavity 3 and the lower inner cavity 6 are consistent, the inner diameters of the upper outer cavity 4 and the lower outer cavity 7 are consistent, the axes of the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are collinear, the upper inner cavity 3 of the upper section 2 corresponds to the lower inner cavity 6 of the lower section 5, the upper outer cavity 4 of the upper section 2 corresponds to the lower outer cavity 7 of the lower section 5, and gas supplied by a gas supply and test system respectively enters the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 after penetrating through the sample 12 from the lower inner cavity 6 and the lower outer cavity 7; with the arrangement, the area of the gas flowing through the upper inner cavity 3 is easily ensured and calculated to be a constant value, the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 of the upper section 2 is easily adjusted and kept to be zero, the influence of the lateral side flow of the gas on the surface of the sample piece 12 is eliminated, and the test result is accurate and kept stable. When the test jig 1 clamps the sample 12, the lower end of the upper stage 2 contacts the sample 12, and the upper end of the lower stage 5 contacts the sample 12. The test fixture 1 is a split type mold, the test fixture 1 is divided into an upper section 2 and a lower section 5, and the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 are assembled together by adopting two steel pipe materials with different diameter specifications under the condition of keeping a concentric axis. When testing, the local area of the tested sample 12 needs to be placed between the upper section 2 and the lower section 5, the upper section 2 and the lower section 5 clamp the sample 12, and the air permeability of the local area of the tested sample 12 is tested by supplying air in the testing clamp 1.
Further, the upper end of the upper section 2 is closed, and the lower end of the lower section 5 is closed; go up the lateral wall lower extreme of inner chamber 3, go up outer chamber 4 lateral wall lower extreme, the lateral wall upper end of inner chamber 6 and the lateral wall upper end of outer chamber 7 down all have a recess, the wall thickness direction of recess perpendicular to upper segment 2 and hypomere 5, place sealing washer 8 in the recess, sealing washer 8 is circular rubber seal, the shape and the size and the sealing washer 8 phase-match of recess, thereby make upper segment 2 and hypomere 5 all be formed with in circular cavity (upper chamber 3 and lower inner chamber 6), there is the combined mould of ring shape cavity (upper outer chamber 4 and lower outer chamber 7) outward. The sealing ring 8 in the groove of the upper section 2 can ensure the isolation and sealing performance of the inner circular cavity (upper inner cavity 3) and the outer circular cavity (upper outer cavity 4) of the upper section 2, the sealing ring 8 in the groove of the lower section 5 can ensure the sealing performance of the lower section 5, and the arrangement can eliminate the influence of transverse lateral flow of gas on the surface of the sample piece 12.
Because a structure (a test fixture 1) with a transverse airflow compensation function is designed, the air pressure of the circular cavity of the upper inner cavity 3 of the combined mould is the same as the air pressure of the circular cavity of the upper outer cavity 4 (namely, the air pressure difference of the two cavities is kept zero) through the control of the air circulation pressure in the external circular cavity of the combined mould separated by the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 during the test, the influence of the transverse lateral flow of air on the test circulation area is ensured, the deformation of the circular rubber sealing ring 8 is stable under the action of a determined pressing force, and the influence of the change of the thickness and the unevenness of a porous material (a sample piece 12) on the test result can be eliminated; on one hand, the testing device can eliminate the influence of transverse lateral flow on the testing result, and obtain the testing result which is close to the real air permeability of the porous material; on the other hand, factors influencing the stability of the test result are reduced, so that the stability of the test result is easy to be satisfactorily controlled.
Furthermore, a hole 9 is formed in the side wall of the lower inner cavity 6, the arrangement of the hole 9 enables the air pressure of the lower inner cavity 6 to be the same as that of the lower outer cavity 7, and the size of the hole 9 enables the air pressure of the lower inner cavity 6 to be the same as that of the lower outer cavity 7; preferably, there are 2 holes 9 disposed opposite each other. The arrangement can ensure that the test flow area is free from the influence of gas lateral flow, and further obtain the test result which is close to the real air permeability of the porous 9 material.
Further, the gas supply and test system comprises a gas tank 13, a gas inlet pipe 14 and a pressure gauge 15, wherein the gas tank 13 is communicated with one end of the gas inlet pipe 14, the lower outer cavity 7 is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet is communicated with the other end of the gas inlet pipe 14; a control valve 16 is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe 14, and the control valve 16 is used for adjusting and stabilizing air pressure at the air inlet; a gas pressure reducing valve 17 is arranged on the gas inlet pipe 14 between the control valve 16 and the other end of the gas inlet pipe 14, and the gas pressure reducing valve 17 is used for monitoring, measuring and displaying the gas pressure in the gas tank 13 and the gas inlet pipe 14; 2 pressure gauges 15 are arranged, wherein one pressure gauge 15 is communicated with the lower inner cavity 6 through a connecting pipeline and used for testing the air pressure in the lower inner cavity 6, and the other pressure gauge 15 is communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 through a connecting pipeline and used for testing the air pressure in the upper inner cavity 3; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge 18, the differential pressure gauge 18 is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 through two connecting pipelines, and the differential pressure gauge 18 is used for measuring the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4; preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a flow meter 19, the flow meter 19 is communicated with the upper inner cavity 3 through a connecting pipeline, the flow meter 19 is used for measuring the flow of the gas passing through the sample piece 12 occupying the area of the upper inner cavity 3, and the flow meter 19 is provided with an evacuation port for evacuating the gas for test in the upper inner cavity 3; the side wall of the upper outer cavity 4 is provided with an exhaust port 10, an exhaust pipe 11 is connected with the exhaust port 10, and the exhaust port 10 can exhaust the gas in the upper outer cavity 4 into the air through the exhaust pipe 11. The upper section 2 of the test fixture 1 is an air inlet end, the lower section 5 is an air outlet end, during testing, air output by the air tank 13 firstly enters the lower section 5 of the test fixture 1 through the air inlet pipe 14 via the air inlet, the air entering the lower section 5 of the test fixture 1 enters the upper section 2 of the test fixture 1 after penetrating the sample piece 12, and finally the air is discharged from the air outlet 10.
Further, the gas for testing contained in the gas tank 13 may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen, or inert gas.
Further, the test device also comprises a pressurizing system and a supporting base 25, wherein the lower section 5 is arranged on the supporting base 25, and the pressurizing system is contacted with the top end of the upper section 2 and can pressurize the upper section 2; preferably, the pressurization system comprises a hydraulic station 23, an oil cylinder 24, a piston rod, a connecting piece of the piston rod and a test fixture, and a control switch, wherein the hydraulic station 23 comprises a motor, an oil pump, an overflow valve, a constant valve, a reversing valve, a pressure gauge, an oil pipe, a pipe joint, an oil tank, an oil filter, an oil level and oil temperature gauge and the like; the oil cylinder 24 is connected with the hydraulic station 23, a piston rod of the oil cylinder 24 is connected with the test fixture 1 (the top end of the upper section 2) in a welding mode, a welding part has good sealing performance, and the pressurizing system is matched with the supporting base 25 to press or loosen the test fixture 1 and the sample 12; the piston rod is connected with the test fixture 1 (the top end of the upper section 2) through a connecting piece. The pressurization system is used for realizing the linear motion, the compaction and the loosening functions of the test fixture 1.
Further, the moving mechanism comprises a moving base 20, the moving base 20 can move back and forth in a bidirectional manner, a fixed scale capable of displaying a moving distance value is installed at a moving position along the moving base 20, a nut is installed at a proper position on the moving base 20 facing a detector, the nut is connected with a lead screw, the lead screw is connected with a handle, the detector can drive the moving base 20 to move forwards and backwards in a bidirectional linear manner through the lead screw by shaking the handle, the size of a moving distance (within a design moving distance allowable range) of the moving base 20 with the central axis of the test fixture 1 as a standard can be freely controlled as required, data of the moving distance can be quickly read through the fixed scale, and the moving base 20 can be moved to a specified position through shaking the handle according to the value of the fixed scale; the upper surface of the movable base 20 is provided with a plurality of screws, and the screws are sleeved with springs. The moving mechanism further comprises a tray 21 and a circumferential rotating mechanism 22, the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 is arranged on the circumference of the moving base 20, the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 can perform circumferential motion along the circumference of the moving base 20, the tray 21 is placed on the circumferential rotating mechanism 22, and the tray 21 is used for placing the sample 12. When the detection position needs to be changed, the pressurizing system is utilized to enable the test fixture 1 to loosen the sample 12, the piston rod of the oil cylinder 24 moves upwards to drive the upper section 2 to be far away from the sample 12, the sample 12 is pushed away from the lower section 5 under the action of a plurality of screws and springs, then the moving base 20 and the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 are utilized to carry out front-back bidirectional movement and circumferential rotation operation on the sample 12, at the moment, the sample 12 is far away from the upper section 2 and the lower section 5, and the test fixture 1 can be suitable for nondestructive detection of the permeability test of the local area of the flat-plate-shaped porous material sample 12. The circumferential rotating mechanism 22 can set 360 degrees in the circumferential direction according to the test position points and the distribution condition thereof, the rotating angles with the same interval between the two adjacent detection position points are set in an equal or unequal mode, a plurality of conical positioning grooves are arranged on the movable base 20 at intervals according to the rotating angles, positioning pins are arranged on the circumferential rotating mechanism 22, the rotating angles of the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 are accurately positioned through the matching of the positioning pins and the positioning grooves, and the positioning stability of the porous material detection position points is kept.
The air permeability data obtained by testing each position to be tested on the sample 12 is the air permeability of the local area of the sample 12, and for the requirement of knowing the air permeability of the porous material in detail and accurately, the detection position points need to be added properly and all the detection position points need to be distributed uniformly as much as possible. As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the circle center of the sample 12 to be measured is divided into 4 circles to the edge of the sample 12, and the circle center of the sample 12 to the edge of the sample 12 is divided into a first circle, a second circle, a third circle and a fourth circle, wherein the first circle, the second circle, the third circle and the fourth circle are divided into 360 ° evenly, wherein 1 detection point is set at the center of the sample 12, the first circle has 3 detection points, the second circle has 6 detection points, and the third circle and the fourth circle each have 12 detection points, and the total number of the detection points is 34.
The air permeability test of the local area at any position point of the flat-plate-shaped porous sweating cooling material can be accurately and conveniently completed by matching the movable base 20 capable of performing linear motion with the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 capable of performing circumferential motion; during detection, along with a series of motion actions of moving the test fixture 1 to the sample piece 12 to be detected to approach, compress, maintain pressure, loosen and depart from the sample piece 12, after the air permeability test of a local area of a certain position point on the sample piece 12 is completed, the fixture is immediately loosened and moves far away from the sample piece 12, at the moment, under the rebound action of a supporting plate arranged on the sample piece 12 and a circumferential rotating mechanism 22 on a supporting spring at the lower part of the supporting plate, a certain distance can be kept between the sample piece 12 and the measuring ends of the two fixtures, and when the test position point of the sample piece 12 is changed later, the measuring ends of the fixtures can be prevented from damaging the surface of the sample piece 12, so that nondestructive detection is realized; and the mechanism has compact structure and is easy to disassemble and assemble.
Further, the data collecting and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters 26, a flow transmitter 27, a data collector 28 and a computer 29, wherein the plurality of pressure transmitters 26 are used for respectively obtaining the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity 7 or the lower inner cavity 6 and the upper inner cavity 3; the flow transmitter 27 is used for transmitting the gas flow from the sample piece 12 in the area occupied by the upper inner cavity 3; the data acquisition instrument 28 is connected with the pressure transmitter 26, the flow transmitter 27 and the computer 29, and is used for transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter 26 and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter 27 to the computer 29 in a numerical form for subsequent processing, software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer 29, the computer 29 can rapidly analyze and calculate the numerical information transmitted by the data acquisition instrument 28, and the air permeability of each detection position point on the porous material sample 12 and the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of the porous material sample 12 can be obtained by combining the existing information including the diameters of the upper inner cavity 3, the upper outer cavity 4, the lower inner cavity 6 and the lower outer cavity 7 of the test fixture 1. Wherein the average air permeability is the arithmetic average of the air permeability at each test site; the air permeability uniformity is the root mean square deviation of all air permeability test results.
The invention also discloses a method for testing the air permeability of the porous material, which utilizes a device for testing the air permeability of the porous sweating cooling material and comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling a porous sweating cooling material air permeability testing device, switching on a device power supply, preheating for 15 minutes or more, switching on and off a control valve 16 to a closing position and adjusting the flow meter 19 to a zero position after the flow meter 19 is in a stable state;
(2) placing a sample 12 to be tested on a supporting plate, shaking the handle to make the sample 12 perform linear motion, and rotating the circumferential rotating mechanism 22 to make the sample 12 perform circumferential motion, so that the central point of the position to be tested on the sample 12 is positioned on the central axis of the test fixture 1;
(3) starting a 'pressing' control switch of a hydraulic station 23, enabling an upper section 2 to move downwards through a piston rod of an oil cylinder 24 and to be matched with a lower section 5 so as to enable a test fixture 1 to press a sample 12, and keeping a continuous and stable pressing state;
(4) opening the control valve 16, adjusting and fixing the air pressure of the air inlet pipe 14 by checking the air pressure reducing valve 17 and utilizing the control valve 16, starting the pressure transmitter 26 and the flow transmitter 27, adjusting and keeping the air pressure difference between the upper inner cavity 3 and the upper outer cavity 4 of the test fixture 1 to be zero, and then transmitting the air pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter 26 and the flow transmitter 27 to the computer 29 in a numerical form by using the data acquisition instrument 28 under the working condition state for storage and subsequent calculation processing;
(5) starting a hydraulic station 23 to release a control switch, so that the test fixture 1 is released and far away from the sample 12, and then repeating the operations (2) to (4) to complete the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other determined position points on the porous material sample 12;
(6) after the air permeability tests of all the positions on the sample 12 are completed, the air permeability, the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of each tested position of the porous material sample 12 can be obtained through automatic analysis and calculation by the computer 29.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
(1) the testing device is compact in structure, simple and convenient to operate, good in sealing effect and high in testing precision, greatly reduces testing errors, improves reliability and repeatability of testing results, can skillfully combine a moving base 20 moving linearly and a circumferential rotating mechanism 22 moving circumferentially, and can accurately and conveniently complete nondestructive testing of air permeability of any position point of a flat-plate-shaped porous sweating cooling material.
(2) The invention designs the test fixture 1 with the transverse airflow compensation function structure, under the action of the determined pressing force, the influence of the transverse lateral flow of the gas on the flow area during the test can be completely eliminated, and meanwhile, the deformation of the circular rubber sealing ring 8 is stable, so that the influence of the change of the thickness and the unevenness of the porous material on the test result can be eliminated, and the test result is accurate, reliable and easy to control;
(3) the invention adopts the pressure transmitter 26 and the flow transmitter 27 for measurement, simultaneously adopts the data acquisition instrument 28 to connect the transmitters and the computer 29 for real-time data transmission, and finally the computer 29 calculates the air permeability, the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of each test position point of the porous material sample piece 12 through an automatic established program, thereby being capable of qualitatively and quantitatively testing and evaluating the air permeability and the distribution degree of the permeability uniformity of the porous material, being convenient and fast.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The air permeability testing device for the porous sweating cooling material is characterized by comprising a testing clamp, a moving mechanism, an air supply and testing system and a data acquisition and processing system, wherein the testing device is used for testing the air permeability of a sample piece of the porous material; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a cavity is arranged in the test fixture, the test fixture can clamp or loosen the sample piece,
the moving mechanism can support and move the sample piece so as to realize the detection of different position points of the sample piece;
the gas supply and test system is communicated with the test fixture and can supply gas into the test fixture, and the gas entering the test fixture can penetrate through the sample piece;
the data acquisition and processing system is communicated with the test fixture and can acquire data in the test fixture when the gas penetrates through the sample piece.
2. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 1,
the test fixture is composed of an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are respectively positioned at two sides of the sample piece, the upper section and the lower section are oppositely arranged, and both the upper section and the lower section can be close to or far away from the sample piece so as to clamp or loosen the sample piece;
preferably, the upper section has an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity, the upper outer cavity surrounds the upper inner cavity, and the lower end of the upper section is open;
the lower section is provided with a lower inner cavity and a lower outer cavity, the lower outer cavity surrounds the lower inner cavity, and the upper end of the lower section is open;
the inner diameters of the upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity are consistent, and the inner diameters of the upper outer cavity and the lower outer cavity are consistent;
when the test fixture clamps a sample, the lower end of the upper section is in contact with the sample, and the upper end of the lower section is in contact with the sample.
3. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the upper end of the upper section is closed, and the lower end of the lower section is closed;
grooves are formed in the lower end of the side wall of the upper inner cavity, the lower end of the side wall of the upper outer cavity, the upper end of the side wall of the lower inner cavity and the upper end of the side wall of the lower outer cavity, and sealing rings are placed in the grooves.
4. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the side wall of the lower inner cavity is provided with a hole, and the hole can enable the air pressure of the lower inner cavity to be the same as that of the lower outer cavity;
preferably, the holes are oppositely arranged by 2.
5. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the gas supply and test system comprises a gas tank, a gas inlet pipe and a pressure gauge, wherein the gas tank is communicated with one end of the gas inlet pipe, the lower outer cavity is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas inlet is communicated with the other end of the gas inlet pipe;
a control valve is arranged at one end of the air inlet pipe and used for adjusting and stabilizing air pressure at the air inlet;
a gas pressure reducing valve is arranged on the gas inlet pipe between the control valve and the other end of the gas inlet pipe, and the gas pressure reducing valve is used for monitoring, measuring and displaying gas pressure in the gas tank and the gas inlet pipe;
the number of the pressure gauges is 2, one pressure gauge is communicated with the lower inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the lower inner cavity, and the other pressure gauge is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline and tests the air pressure in the upper inner cavity;
preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a differential pressure gauge, the differential pressure gauge is respectively communicated with the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity through two connecting pipelines, and the differential pressure gauge is used for measuring the gas pressure difference between the upper inner cavity and the upper outer cavity;
preferably, the gas supply and test system further comprises a flow meter, the flow meter is communicated with the upper inner cavity through a connecting pipeline, and the flow meter is used for measuring the flow rate of the gas penetrating through the sample piece in the area occupied by the upper inner cavity;
the side wall of the upper outer cavity is provided with an exhaust port, an exhaust pipe is connected with the exhaust port, and the exhaust port can exhaust the gas in the upper outer cavity into the air through the exhaust pipe.
6. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 5,
the gas for testing contained in the gas tank may be one of air, nitrogen, oxygen, or inert gas.
7. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the lower section is arranged on the supporting base, and the pressurizing system is in contact with the top end of the upper section and can pressurize the upper section;
preferably, the pressurizing system comprises a hydraulic station and an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station, a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the test fixture, and the pressurizing system and the supporting base are matched to compress or release the test fixture and the sample piece;
the piston rod is connected with the test fixture through a connecting piece.
8. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the moving mechanism comprises a moving base and a moving mechanism,
the movable base can move back and forth in two directions, a fixed scale which can display the moving distance value is arranged at the moving position along the movable base,
the nut is installed on the moving base and connected with a lead screw, the lead screw is connected with a handle, and the moving base can be moved by shaking the handle;
the upper surface of the movable base is provided with a plurality of screws which are sleeved with springs,
when the test fixture loosens the sample piece, the plurality of screws and the spring are used for pushing the sample piece away from the lower section,
the moving mechanism further comprises a tray and a circumferential rotating mechanism, the circumferential rotating mechanism is arranged on the circumference of the moving base, the circumferential rotating mechanism can move circumferentially along the circumference of the moving base, the tray is placed on the circumferential rotating mechanism, and the tray is used for placing the sample pieces.
9. The porous transpiration cooling material air permeability testing device of claim 2,
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters, a flow transmitter, a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein,
the pressure transmitters are used for respectively obtaining the gas pressure of the lower outer cavity or the lower inner cavity and the upper inner cavity;
the flow transmitter is used for transmitting gas flow from the sample piece with the area occupied by the upper inner cavity;
the data acquisition instrument is connected with the pressure transmitter, the flow transmitter and the computer and is used for respectively transmitting the gas pressure acquired by the pressure transmitter and the gas flow acquired by the flow transmitter to the computer in a numerical value mode, and software for calculating the air permeability and the air permeability uniformity is installed in the computer.
10. A method for testing the air permeability of a porous material by using the air permeability testing device of the porous sweating cooling material as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps:
(1) assembling the air permeability testing device of the porous sweating cooling material, switching on a power supply of equipment, preheating for 15 minutes or more, switching a control valve to be in a closing position after the state of the flowmeter is stable, and adjusting the zero position of the flowmeter;
(2) placing a sample piece to be tested on a supporting plate, then shaking a handle to make the sample piece perform linear motion, and rotating a circumferential rotating mechanism to make the sample piece perform circumferential motion, so that the central point of the position to be tested on the sample piece is positioned on the central axis of a test fixture;
(3) starting a 'pressing' control switch of the hydraulic station, enabling the upper section to move downwards through a piston rod of the oil cylinder and to be matched with the lower section to enable the test fixture to press the sample piece, and keeping a continuous and stable pressing state;
(4) opening a control valve, opening a pressure transmitter and a flow transmitter by checking a gas pressure reducing valve and utilizing the control valve to adjust and fix the air pressure of an air inlet pipe, adjusting and keeping the air pressure difference between an upper inner cavity and an upper outer cavity of a test fixture to be zero, and then transmitting the air pressure and the flow respectively acquired by the pressure transmitter and the flow transmitter to a computer in a numerical value mode by using a data acquisition instrument under the working condition state for storage and subsequent calculation processing;
(5) starting a 'loosening' control switch of the hydraulic station to loosen the test fixture and keep away from the sample, and then repeating the operations (2) to (4) to finish the air permeability test and data storage and processing of other set position points on the porous material sample;
(6) after the air permeability tests of all the position points on the sample piece are completed, the air permeability, the average air permeability and the air permeability uniformity of all the test position points of the porous material sample piece can be obtained through automatic analysis and calculation of a computer.
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