CN114060200B - Method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of working gate and movable guide vane - Google Patents
Method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of working gate and movable guide vane Download PDFInfo
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- CN114060200B CN114060200B CN202111366476.3A CN202111366476A CN114060200B CN 114060200 B CN114060200 B CN 114060200B CN 202111366476 A CN202111366476 A CN 202111366476A CN 114060200 B CN114060200 B CN 114060200B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
- E02B9/02—Water-ways
- E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/004—Valve arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of a working gate and a movable guide vane, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1: selecting a volute inlet pressure measuring pipeline to install a high-precision pressure sensor and arranging an exhaust valve, and fully exhausting before data acquisition; step 2: properly lifting the working gate, filling water into the pressure water diversion steel pipe by using a water filling valve, closing the working gate when the water level of the vent hole is flush with the water level of the upper reservoir, and then collecting and monitoring pressure data in real time, wherein the sampling frequency is required to be not lower than 10 Hz; and step 3: collecting and monitoring the variation trend of the water level of the vent hole in real time, and collecting the data about 30 minutes after the water level of the vent hole is basically kept stable; and 4, step 4: and analyzing the experimental collected data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of hydroelectric generating sets, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of a working gate and a movable guide vane.
Background
The water leakage of the movable guide vane of the water turbine generator set is a common problem, the water sealing of the water distributor is not tight, the water leakage amount can be increased, the gap cavitation damage can be aggravated, and when the water leakage is serious, the machine set can be stopped difficultly and stopped and crawled after the guide vane is closed, so that the safe operation of the machine set is seriously influenced. In addition, the guide vane water leakage is too large, the operating efficiency of the water turbine is reduced, and the economic operation of the unit is seriously influenced. The influence is more obvious for the pumped storage unit with frequent working condition conversion. Therefore, it is important to reduce the amount of water leakage from the guide vanes.
At present, the commonly used measuring method for the water leakage of the guide vane comprises a volume method and an ultrasonic method. The volume method is used for measuring the water leakage of the guide vane, the water channel inlet is required to be closed, the volume change in the pressure steel pipe or the water conveying pipeline within a certain time is measured, and generally, the volume change is reflected by the change of a pressure value. The volume method for measuring the water leakage of the guide vane is generally suitable for areas with uniform pipeline volume change, including straight pipe sections, inclined pipe sections and the like. According to the arrangement characteristics of diversion runners of the hydroelectric generating set, the volumetric method is generally divided into a 'slant well method' and a 'vent hole method'.
For a diversion type hydropower station behind a dam (diversion steel pipes are generally relatively short), when the guide vane water leakage amount is measured by adopting an inclined shaft method and an air vent method, the water sealing effect of the working gate is good under normal conditions, the water leakage amount of the working gate can be ignored relative to the water leakage amount of the guide vane, and the previous guide vane water leakage amount test basically belongs to the conditions. When the partial water sealing strip of the working gate is invalid or falls off, how to simultaneously measure and analyze the water leakage amount of the working gate and the water leakage amount of the guide vane by using a 'slant well method' or a 'vent hole method' is an innovative and challenging technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for simultaneously measuring the water leakage of a working gate and a movable guide vane. The water level of the upper reservoir is kept unchanged, after the working gate falls down, the pressure difference between the upper and lower positions of the gate is increased along with the reduction of the water level of the vent hole, and the water leakage amount of the gate is correspondingly increased (similar to the principle of a communicating vessel, the external pressure on the two sides of the gate is regarded as the standard atmospheric pressure); meanwhile, the pressure difference between the upstream and the downstream of the movable guide vane is reduced, and the water leakage amount of the guide vane is correspondingly reduced. When the water leakage of the gate is equal to that of the guide vane, the water level of the vent hole is kept unchanged.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of a working gate and a movable guide vane comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: selecting a volute inlet pressure measuring pipeline to install a high-precision pressure sensor and arranging an exhaust valve, and fully exhausting before data acquisition;
and 2, step: the working gate is lifted properly, the pressure water diversion steel pipe is filled with water by adopting a water filling valve, when the water level of the vent hole is flush with the water level of the upper reservoir, the working gate is closed, then pressure data is collected and monitored in real time, and the sampling frequency is required to be not lower than 10 Hz;
and step 3: collecting and monitoring the variation trend of the water level of the vent hole in real time, and collecting for about 30 minutes after the water level of the vent hole is basically kept stable, so that data collection can be finished;
and 4, step 4: and analyzing the experimental collected data.
The method for simultaneously measuring the water leakage of the working gate and the movable guide vane has the following benefits:
the method can simultaneously measure and analyze the water leakage of the working gate and the movable guide vane at one time, has excellent economy and safety, and provides solid technical support for the safe and stable operation of the water turbine generator set.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example pressure sensor field installation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water level drop of the vent hole of the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a water level variation curve of the vent holes of the set in accordance with the embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
The invention is suitable for a special 'vent method' of a diversion type hydropower station (provided with vent holes and pressure steel pipes without ball valves or butterfly valves) behind a dam, and is suitable for the condition that a working gate has larger water leakage. 1 pressure sensor with high precision (the precision is not lower than +/-0.50% FS, FS is an abbreviation of Full Scale) is installed at the inlet of the volute, pressure data are monitored and collected, and the sampling frequency is not lower than 10 Hz. The field test requirements are as follows:
(1) the movable guide vane of the unit is in a completely closed state;
(2) the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve related to the unit are in a closed state (the water leakage is extremely small and is ignored);
(3) filling water into the vent holes corresponding to the units (the initial water level is flush with the water level of the upper reservoir);
(4) the working gate corresponding to the unit is in a closed state, so that the water leakage is minimized as much as possible.
The field test method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: a volute inlet pressure measurement pipeline is selected to be provided with 1 pressure sensor with high precision (the precision is not lower than +/-0.50% FS, and FS is an abbreviation of Full Scale), an exhaust valve is required to be arranged, and Full exhaust is carried out before data acquisition. The field installation diagram of the pressure sensor is shown in fig. 1.
And 2, step: and (3) properly lifting the working gate, filling water into the pressure water diversion steel pipe by adopting a water filling valve, closing the working gate when the water level of the vent hole is flush with the water level of the upper reservoir, and then collecting and monitoring pressure data in real time, wherein the sampling frequency is required to be not lower than 10 Hz. The water level of the vent hole drops schematically as shown in fig. 2.
And step 3: and collecting and monitoring the change trend of the water level of the vent hole in real time, and collecting for about 30 minutes after the water level of the vent hole is basically kept stable, so that data collection can be finished. Taking the water leakage test data of the guide vane of the unit No. 2 of a certain hydropower station as an example, the water level change of the vent hole is shown in figure 3.
And 4, step 4: and analyzing the experimental collected data. Taking the water leakage test data of the guide vane of the No. 2 unit of a certain hydropower station as an example, the following is explained:
the upper reservoir water level is maintained at 205.72m, the water level of the vent hole when the water leakage amount of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane is stabilized at 185.79m, and the water leakage amount of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane at the moment, which is q.
And selecting data in three time periods of 500 s-600 s, 1000 s-1100 s and 1500 s-1600 s for analysis and comparison verification. Obtaining the water level change value delta h corresponding to the three time periods 500-600 、Δh 1000-1100 、Δh 1500-1600 ；
h 500 ＝192.49m，h 600 ＝191.33m，Δh 500-600 ＝1.16m；
h 1000 ＝188.16m，h 1100 ＝187.57m，Δh 1000-1100 ＝0.59m；
h 1500 ＝186.18m，h 1600 ＝186.09m，Δh 1500-1600 ＝0.09m。
According to a guide vane water leakage calculation formula:
in the formula:
q-guide vane leakage flow, m 3 /s；
D-the inner diameter of the vent hole is 1.20 m;
delta h-water level change value, m;
Δ t — data sampling time, 100 s;
alpha-horizontal inclination of the vent hole, 90 deg..
The calculation results are that:
q 500-600 ＝0.0131m 3 /s；
q 1000-1100 ＝0.0067m 3 /s；
q 1500-1600 ＝0.0010m 3 /s。
according to an empirical formula of the water leakage and the upstream and downstream water head difference:
wherein:
ΔH 1 、ΔH 2 the difference between the upstream and downstream water heads at two moments is respectively;
q 1 is Δ H 1 The guide vane water leakage amount corresponding to the upstream and downstream water head difference;
q 2 is Δ H 2 And the guide vane water leakage amount corresponding to the upstream and downstream water head difference.
When the water level of the vent hole is stabilized at 185.79m, the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the working gate is 19.93m, and the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the movable guide vane is 43.79 m. Three time periods are calculated separately, thus:
time period of 500 s-600 s:
H average ＝191.91m，
ΔH Gate valve ＝13.81m，
ΔH Guide vane ＝49.91m，
q Gate valve ＝0.8324q*，
q Guide vane ＝1.0676q*，
q 500-600 ＝q Guide vane –q Gate valve ＝0.2352q*＝0.0131m 3 And/s, obtaining: q ═ 0.0557m 3 /s；
The time period of 1000 s-1100 s:
H average ＝187.87m，
ΔH Gate valve ＝17.85m，
ΔH Guide vane ＝45.87m，
q Gate valve ＝0.9464q*，
q Guide vane ＝1.0235q*，
q 1000-1100 ＝q Guide vane –q Gate valve ＝0.0771q*＝0.0067m 3 And/s, obtaining: q 0.0869m 3 /s；
Time period of 1500 s-1600 s:
H average out ＝186.14m，
ΔH Gate ＝19.58m，
ΔH Guide vane ＝44.14m，
q Gate valve ＝0.9912q*，
q Guide vane ＝1.0040q*，
q 1500-1600 ＝q Guide vane –q Gate valve ＝0.0128q*＝0.0010m 3 And/s, obtaining: q ═ 0.0781m 3 /s；
From the above analysis it can be seen that: selecting data of different time periods for analysis, wherein the obtained q is different, and averaging the calculation results of the three time periods to relatively accurately reflect the water leakage of the working gate and the water leakage of the movable guide vane can be obtained:
q*＝0.0736m 3 /s
according to a water head conversion formula:
wherein:
ΔH r the rated water head of the unit;
q r the water leakage amount of the movable guide vane under the rated water head is obtained;
ΔH guide vane * The difference between the upstream and downstream water heads of the guide vane is equal to the water leakage of the movable guide vane.
The water leakage q of the movable guide vane under the rated water head can be converted r The value is obtained.
According to the technical regulation of the 5.7.1 in GB/T15468-2006 Water turbine basic technical Condition: under the rated water head, the water leakage amount of the cylindrical guide vane is not more than 3 per thousand of the rated flow of the water turbine, and the water leakage amount of the conical guide vane is not more than 4 per thousand of the rated flow of the water turbine.
And evaluating whether the water leakage amount of the guide vane of the unit exceeds the standard or not by comparing and analyzing with the current standard.
Claims (1)
1. A method for simultaneously measuring water leakage of a working gate and a movable guide vane is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: selecting a volute inlet pressure measuring pipeline, installing a high-precision pressure sensor and being provided with an exhaust valve, and fully exhausting before data acquisition;
step 2: the working gate is lifted properly, the pressure water diversion steel pipe is filled with water by adopting a water filling valve, when the water level of the vent hole is flush with the water level of the upper reservoir, the working gate is closed, then pressure data is collected and monitored in real time, and the sampling frequency is required to be not lower than 10 Hz;
and step 3: collecting and monitoring the variation trend of the water level of the vent hole in real time, and collecting the data after the water level of the vent hole is basically kept stable for 30 minutes;
and 4, step 4: analyzing the test acquisition data;
the step 4 comprises the following steps:
the upper reservoir water level is kept unchanged, the water level of the vent hole is stable when the water leakage amount of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane, and the water leakage amount of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane at the moment and is q;
selecting data of three time periods of 500 s-600 s, 1000 s-1100 s and 1500 s-1600 s for analysis and comparison verification to obtain water level variation values delta h corresponding to the three time periods 500-600 、Δh 1000-1100 、Δh 1500-1600 ；
According to a guide vane water leakage calculation formula:
in the formula:
q-guide vane leakage flow, m 3 /s；
D-inner diameter of the vent hole, 1.20 m;
delta h-water level change value m;
Δ t — data sampling time, 100 s;
alpha-horizontal inclination of the vent, 90 °;
and calculating to obtain: q. q of 500-600 、q 1000-1100 、q 1500-1600 ；
According to an empirical formula of the water leakage and the upstream and downstream water head difference:
wherein:
ΔH 1 、ΔH 2 the difference between the upstream and downstream water heads at two moments is respectively;
q 1 is Δ H 1 The guide vane water leakage amount corresponding to the upstream and downstream water head difference;
q 2 is Δ H 2 The guide vane water leakage amount corresponding to the upstream and downstream water head difference;
the corresponding time when the water leakage of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane is t, the water leakage of the working gate is equal to that of the movable guide vane and is q, and the difference between the upstream water head and the downstream water head of the working gate is delta H Gate valve * The difference between the upstream and downstream water heads of the movable guide vane is delta H Guide vane * ；
Respectively calculating three time periods of 500 s-600 s, 1000 s-1100 s and 1500 s-1600 s:
wherein:
ΔH guide vane 500-600 、ΔH Gate valve 500-600 The water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the movable guide vane and the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the working gate are respectively corresponding to the time period of 500-600 s;
ΔH guide vane 1000-1100 、ΔH Gate valve 1000-1100 The water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the movable guide vane and the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the working gate are respectively corresponding to the time period of 1000 s-1100 s;
ΔH guide vane 1500-1600 、ΔH Gate valve 1500-1600 The time periods of the two are respectively 1500 s-1600 sThe difference between the water heads of the upper and lower parts of the blade and the difference between the water heads of the upper and lower parts of the working gate;
q guide vane 500-600 、q Gate 500-600 The water leakage amount of the movable guide vane and the water leakage amount of the working gate are respectively corresponding to 500-600 s time periods;
q guide vane 1000-1100 、q Gate 1000-1100 The water leakage amount of the movable guide vane and the water leakage amount of the working gate are respectively corresponding to the time period of 1000-1100 s;
q guide vane 1500-1600 、q Gate valve 1500-1600 The water leakage amount of the movable guide vane and the water leakage amount of the working gate are respectively corresponding to 1500-1600 s time periods;
respectively calculating q corresponding to three time periods of 500 s-600 s, 1000 s-1100 s and 1500 s-1600 s, and then taking an average value;
according to a water head conversion formula:
wherein:
ΔH r rated water head for the unit;
q r the water leakage amount of the movable guide vane under the rated water head is obtained;
converting the leakage q of movable guide vane under rated water head r A value;
under a rated water head, the water leakage quantity of the cylindrical movable guide vane is not greater than 3 per thousand of the rated flow of the water turbine, and the water leakage quantity of the conical movable guide vane is not greater than 4 per thousand of the rated flow of the water turbine;
and evaluating whether the water leakage amount of the movable guide vane of the unit exceeds the standard or not through comparison and analysis.
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