CN110645189A - Device and method for testing liquid leakage amount of impeller balance hole of centrifugal pump - Google Patents
Device and method for testing liquid leakage amount of impeller balance hole of centrifugal pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN110645189A CN110645189A CN201911027343.6A CN201911027343A CN110645189A CN 110645189 A CN110645189 A CN 110645189A CN 201911027343 A CN201911027343 A CN 201911027343A CN 110645189 A CN110645189 A CN 110645189A
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- impeller
- pump
- balance hole
- balance
- pressure gauge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0088—Testing machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/086—Sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
- F04D29/2266—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for sealing or thrust balance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing liquid leakage of an impeller balance hole of a centrifugal pump. The test method mainly comprises two steps: firstly, opening a balance hole 26 and closing a gate valve 17, and recording indication values of a precision pressure gauge A8 and a precision pressure gauge B10; in the second step, the balance hole 26 is blocked and the gate valve 17 is opened, so that the indications of the precision pressure gauge A8 and the precision pressure gauge B10 are the same as in the first step, and the indication of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15 is indirectly equal to the liquid leakage rate of the balance hole 26. The invention has simple and practical structure and intuitive data display, can realize indirect measurement of the liquid leakage amount of the impeller balance hole rotating at high speed in the centrifugal pump, and can provide reliable actual measurement data for accurately calculating the volumetric efficiency, wheel resistance loss and axial force of the impeller machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pump detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing liquid leakage amount of an impeller balance hole of a centrifugal pump.
Background
The impeller of the centrifugal pump is provided with the balance hole, so that the axial force generated by the liquid pressure difference of the front cover plate and the rear cover plate of the impeller when the centrifugal pump works can be effectively balanced, and the technology is widely applied to the centrifugal pump. When the centrifugal pump works, a part of high-pressure liquid at the outlet of the impeller flows into the balance cavity through the back pump cavity and the gap between the impeller and the back sealing ring in sequence, and the high-pressure liquid in the balance cavity flows back to the inlet of the impeller through the balance hole of the impeller, so that the leakage rate of the balance hole of the impeller is formed. The leakage amount of the impeller balance hole directly influences the pressure distribution of a rear pump cavity and a balance cavity of the centrifugal pump and the calculation result of the axial force of the centrifugal pump, and the accurate measurement of the leakage amount of the impeller balance hole has important significance for accurately calculating the volumetric efficiency, the wheel resistance loss and the axial force of the impeller machine and improving the operation reliability of the centrifugal pump. Because the impeller rotates at a high speed along with the pump shaft, the method for directly measuring the liquid leakage amount of the balance hole of the impeller is extremely difficult, an effective measuring method is not available at present, the calculation of the liquid leakage amount of the balance hole only can depend on a semi-theoretical semi-empirical formula and a numerical simulation method, but the calculation results of the two methods cannot be subjected to effective experimental verification, and the conclusion is difficult to convince.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the liquid leakage rate of a balance hole of a centrifugal pump impeller.
The testing arrangement of impeller balance hole liquid leakage volume of centrifugal pump mainly include rotor part, stator part, pipe-line system, wherein:
the rotor part consists of pump shaft, vane wheel, key and circular nut. The impeller is arranged on the pump shaft through a key and is axially fixed through a shaft shoulder of the pump shaft and a round nut. The impeller is provided with a balance hole.
The stator component is composed of a pump cover, a pressure measuring hose A, a pressure measuring hose B, a precision pressure gauge A, a precision pressure gauge B, a rear sealing ring and a transparent cover. The pump cover is fixedly connected to the pump body through a pump cover bolt, and a cavity between the left side surface of the pump cover and the right side surface of the impeller is a rear pump cavity; the rear sealing ring is arranged on the pump cover in an interference fit manner, and a certain gap is reserved between the rear sealing ring and the impeller; the left end of the transparent cover is fixedly connected to the right end of the pump cover through a transparent cover bolt, and a cavity among the right end face of the middle part of the impeller, the inner side face of the pump cover and the left side face of the transparent cover is a balance cavity. A rear pump cavity pressure taking hole is horizontally formed in the upper portion of the pump cover and is communicated with a precision pressure gauge A through a pressure measuring hose A, and the precision pressure gauge A is used for measuring the liquid pressure of the rear pump cavity; the vertical processing in pump cover middle part has balanced chamber to get the pressure hole, and balanced chamber gets the pressure hole and passes through pressure measurement hose B intercommunication with precision pressure gauge B, and precision pressure gauge B is used for measuring balanced chamber fluid pressure.
The pipeline system mainly comprises a long pipe, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a short pipe, a gate valve and a water outlet pipe. The long tube is fixedly connected on the through cover through a bolt and a nut. The left end of the electromagnetic flowmeter is fixedly connected with the right end of the long pipe through a bolt and a nut, and the right end of the flowmeter is fixedly connected with the left end of the short pipe through a bolt and a nut. The left end of the gate valve is fixedly connected with the right end of the short pipe through a bolt and a nut, and the right end of the gate valve is fixedly connected with the left end of the water outlet pipe through a bolt and a nut. The right end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the outside, and when the gate valve is opened, liquid in the balance cavity flows to the outside from left to right through the pipeline system.
The method for testing the liquid leakage rate of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump mainly comprises two steps, wherein in the first step, the balance hole is opened, a gate valve is closed, the pump operates under a certain working condition (large flow, medium flow and small flow), and the indicating values of a precision pressure gauge A and a precision pressure gauge B are read; and secondly, blocking the balance hole by using a cylinder processed in advance, opening a gate valve, and jointly adjusting the operation condition of the centrifugal pump and the gate valve to ensure that the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A and the precision pressure gauge B are the same as those of the first step, wherein at the moment, the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter is the leakage amount of the balance hole. So, just realized the test of the impeller balance hole liquid leakage quantity of centrifugal pump, specifically:
in the first step, under the condition of opening the balance hole and closing the gate valve, part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller flows into the balance cavity through the back pump cavity, the gap between the back sealing ring and the impeller in sequence, the liquid in the balance cavity flows back to the inlet of the impeller through the balance hole on the impeller, the leakage amount of the balance hole of the impeller is formed, and the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A and the precision pressure gauge B are measured and recorded. When the difference value between the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A and the precision pressure gauge B is constant, the leakage quantity of liquid flowing through the gap formed by the rear sealing ring and the impeller is constant. Since the gap formed by the back sealing ring and the impeller, the balance cavity and the balance hole of the impeller are communicated, the leakage quantity of the liquid flowing through the gap formed by the back sealing ring and the impeller is equal to the leakage quantity of the balance hole of the impeller according to the continuity equation of fluid mechanics.
In the second step, firstly, the centrifugal pump is shut down, an impeller of the centrifugal pump is disassembled, a cylinder which is processed in advance is used for blocking a balance hole of the impeller, and the impeller is assembled on the centrifugal pump again; and then opening the gate valve, restarting the centrifugal pump, enabling part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller to sequentially flow into the balance cavity through gaps among the rear pump cavity, the rear sealing ring and the impeller, and leading the liquid in the balance cavity to the outside through the pipeline system. And (3) jointly adjusting the operating condition of the centrifugal pump and the gate valve to ensure that the indicating values of the precision pressure gauge A and the precision pressure gauge B are respectively the same as the indicating values in the first step, and measuring and recording the indicating value of the electromagnetic flowmeter, wherein the indicating value of the electromagnetic flowmeter is the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the sealing ring and the impeller. On one hand, in the first step and the second step, the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A and the precision pressure gauge B are the same, so that the pressure difference of the liquid at the inlet and the outlet of the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is equal, and the leakage rate of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is also equal. On the other hand, in the first step, as can be known from the fluid mechanics continuity equation, the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is equal to the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the balance hole of the impeller, and meanwhile, the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is equal to the inlet and outlet pressure difference of the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller, the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter is the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the balance hole. By the method, the indirect measurement of the liquid leakage amount of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. under the two conditions of opening the balance hole, closing the gate valve, blocking the balance hole and opening the gate valve, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet based on the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is equal, and the leakage quantity of liquid flowing through the gap between the rear sealing ring and the impeller is equal, so that the indirect measurement of the liquid leakage quantity of the balance hole of the impeller is realized, and the test problem of the liquid leakage quantity of the balance hole of the high-speed rotating impeller in the centrifugal pump is solved.
2. The invention can not only measure the liquid leakage of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump, but also measure the liquid leakage of the gap between the back sealing ring and the impeller.
3. The invention has simple and practical structure and intuitive data display, and can provide reliable measured data for accurately calculating the volumetric efficiency, wheel resistance loss and axial force of the impeller machine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a testing device and a testing method for liquid leakage of an impeller balance hole of a centrifugal pump. The main parts include: 1. pump shaft 2, pump body 3, impeller 4, rear pump cavity 5, pump cover 6, pump cover bolt 7, rear pump cavity pressure taking hole 8, precision pressure gauge A9, pressure measuring hose A10, precision pressure gauge B11, pressure measuring hose B12, balance cavity pressure taking hole 13, penetrating cover 14, long pipe 15, electromagnetic flow meter 16, short pipe 17, gate valve 18, water outlet pipe 19, nut 20, bolt 21, penetrating cover bolt 22, balance cavity 23, round nut 24, key 25, rear sealing ring 26 and balance hole
Description of the drawings: the pump power input device according to the present invention is omitted.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to figure 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the device for testing the liquid leakage rate of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump mainly comprises a rotor component, a stator component and a water outlet pipeline system.
As shown in fig. 1, the rotor part is composed of a pump shaft 1, an impeller 3, a key 24, and a round nut 23. The impeller 3 is mounted on the pump shaft 1 and a key 24 of the pump shaft and is axially fixed by a shoulder of the pump shaft 1 and a round nut 23. The impeller 3 is provided with a balance hole 26. The number of balancing holes 26 is generally the same as the number of blades of the impeller 3; the balancing holes 26 of the impeller 3 can be blocked by a cylinder which is machined in advance.
As shown in fig. 1, the stator part comprises a pump cover 5, a pressure measuring hose a9, a pressure measuring hose B11, a precision pressure gauge A8, a precision pressure gauge B10, a rear sealing ring 25 and a transparent cover 13. The pump cover 5 is fixedly connected to the pump body 2 through a pump cover bolt 6, and a cavity between the left side surface of the pump cover 5 and the right side surface of the impeller 3 is a rear pump cavity 4; the rear sealing ring 25 is arranged on the pump cover 5 in an interference fit manner, and a certain gap is reserved between the rear sealing ring 25 and the impeller 3; the left end of the transparent cover 13 is fixedly connected to the right end of the pump cover 5 through a transparent cover bolt 21, and a cavity among the right end face of the middle part of the impeller 3, the inner side face of the pump cover 5 and the left side face of the transparent cover 13 is a balance cavity 22. A rear pump cavity pressure taking hole 7 is horizontally formed in the upper portion of the pump cover 5, the rear pump cavity pressure taking hole 7 is communicated with a precision pressure gauge A8 through a pressure measuring hose A9, and the precision pressure gauge A8 is used for measuring the liquid pressure of the rear pump cavity 4; a balance cavity pressure taking hole 12 is vertically processed in the middle of the pump cover 5, the balance cavity pressure taking hole 12 is communicated with a precision pressure gauge B10 through a pressure measuring hose B11, and the precision pressure gauge B10 is used for measuring the liquid pressure of the balance cavity 22.
As shown in fig. 1, the pipeline system mainly comprises a long pipe 14, an electromagnetic flowmeter 15, a short pipe 16, a gate valve 17 and a water outlet pipe 18. The elongated tube 14 is attached to the transparent cover 13 by means of bolts 20 and nuts 19. The left end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15 is fixedly connected to the right end of the long pipe 14 through a bolt 20 and a nut 19, and the right end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15 is fixedly connected to the left end of the short pipe 16 through a bolt 20 and a nut 19. The left end of the gate valve 17 is fixedly connected to the right end of the short pipe 16 through a bolt 20 and a nut 19, and the right end of the gate valve 17 is fixedly connected to the left end of the water outlet pipe 18 through a bolt 20 and a nut 19. The right end of the water outlet pipe 18 is connected with the outside, and when the gate valve 17 is opened, the liquid in the balance cavity 22 flows to the outside from left to right through the pipeline system.
The working process of the invention comprises two steps:
firstly, an impeller 3 is installed on the centrifugal pump, a balance hole 26 is opened, a gate valve 17 is closed, the centrifugal pump is started to enable the centrifugal pump to operate under a certain working condition (large, medium and small flows), at the moment, a part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller 3 sequentially flows into a balance cavity 22 through gaps among a rear pump cavity 4, a rear sealing ring 25 and the impeller 3, the liquid in the balance cavity 22 flows back to an inlet of the impeller 3 through the balance hole 26 on the impeller 3, a certain leakage amount of the balance hole 26 is formed, and the indication value of a precision pressure gauge A8 and the indication value of a precision pressure gauge B10 are measured and recorded. When the difference between the indication of the precision pressure gauge A8 and the indication of the precision pressure gauge B10 is constant, the amount of leakage of the liquid through the gap formed by the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3 is constant, which is equal to the amount of leakage of the balance hole 26.
And secondly, shutting down the centrifugal pump, detaching the impeller 3 of the centrifugal pump, plugging the balance hole 26 by using a cylinder processed in advance, installing the impeller 3 on the centrifugal pump, opening the gate valve 17, restarting the centrifugal pump, enabling part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller 3 to sequentially flow into the balance cavity 22 through gaps among the rear pump cavity 4, the rear sealing ring 25 and the impeller 3, and enabling the liquid in the balance cavity 22 to be led to the outside through a pipeline system. And (3) jointly adjusting the operating condition of the centrifugal pump and the gate valve 17 to ensure that the indication value of the precision pressure gauge A8 and the indication value of the precision pressure gauge B10 are respectively the same as the indication values measured in the first step, and recording the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15, wherein the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15 is the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the sealing ring 25 and the impeller 3. Since the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A8 and the precision pressure gauge B10 are the same in the first step and the second step, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet liquids in the gap between the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3 is equal, and the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3 is also equal. On one hand, since the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the balance hole 26 is equal to the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3, and on the other hand, since the inlet and outlet pressure difference of the gap between the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3 is equal, the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the rear seal ring 25 and the impeller 3 is equal, the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter 15 is the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the balance hole 26.
Based on the above two steps, the amount of liquid leakage from the balance hole 26 of the impeller 3 of the centrifugal pump can be indirectly detected.
Claims (2)
1. A testing device and method for liquid leakage amount of an impeller balance hole of a centrifugal pump are characterized in that: the device for testing the liquid leakage rate of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump mainly comprises a rotor component, a stator component and a pipeline system; the rotor component consists of a pump shaft (1), an impeller (3), a key (24) and a round nut (23), the impeller (3) is arranged on the pump shaft (1) through the key and is axially fixed with the round nut (23) through a shaft shoulder of the pump shaft (1), and a balance hole (26) is formed in the impeller (3); the stator component comprises a pump cover (5), a pressure measuring hose A (9), a pressure measuring hose B (11), a precision pressure gauge A (8), a precision pressure gauge B (10), a rear sealing ring (25) and a through cover (13), wherein the pump cover (5) is fixedly connected on the pump body (2) through a pump cover bolt (6), a cavity between the left side surface of the pump cover (5) and the right side surface of an impeller (3) is a rear pump cavity (4), the rear sealing ring (25) is arranged on the pump cover (5) in an interference fit manner, a certain gap is reserved between the rear sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3), the left end of the through cover (13) is fixedly connected at the right end of the pump cover (5) through a through cover bolt (21), the right end surface in the middle of the impeller (3), the cavity between the inner side surface of the pump cover (5) and the left side surface of the through cover (13) is a balance cavity (22), a rear pump cavity pressure taking hole (7) is horizontally processed at the upper part of the pump cover (5), and the, a balance cavity pressure taking hole (12) is vertically formed in the middle of the pump cover (5), and the balance cavity pressure taking hole (12) is communicated with a precision pressure gauge B (10) through a pressure measuring hose B (11); the pipeline system mainly comprises a long pipe (14), an electromagnetic flow meter (15), a short pipe (16), a gate valve (17) and a water outlet pipe (18), wherein the long pipe (14) is fixedly connected to a transparent cover (13) through a bolt (20) and a nut (19), the left end of the electromagnetic flow meter (15) is fixedly connected to the right end of the long pipe (14) through the bolt (20) and the nut (19), the right end of the electromagnetic flow meter (15) is fixedly connected to the left end of the short pipe (16) through the bolt (20) and the nut (19), the left end of the gate valve (17) is fixedly connected to the right end of the short pipe (16) through the bolt (20) and the nut (19), the right end of the gate valve (17) is fixedly connected to the left end of the water outlet pipe (18) through the bolt (20) and the nut (19), and.
2. The device and the method for testing the liquid leakage amount of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump according to claim 1 are characterized in that: the method for measuring the liquid leakage rate of the impeller balance hole of the centrifugal pump mainly comprises two steps, wherein in the first step, the balance hole (26) is opened, the gate valve (17) is closed, the pump is operated under a certain working condition (large flow, medium flow and small flow), indicating values of a precision pressure gauge A (8) and a precision pressure gauge B (10) are read, in the second step, the balance hole (26) is blocked by a cylinder which is processed in advance, the gate valve (17) is opened, the operating working condition of the centrifugal pump and the gate valve (17) are adjusted in a combined mode, the indicating values of the precision pressure gauge A (8) and the precision pressure gauge B (10) are the same as those in the first step, and the indicating value of the electromagnetic flowmeter (15) is the leakage rate of the balance hole (26); in the first step, a part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller (3) flows into the balance cavity (22) through a back pump cavity (4), a gap between the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3) in sequence, the liquid in the balance cavity (22) flows back to an inlet of the impeller (3) through the balance hole (26), so that the leakage amount of the balance hole (26) is formed, when the difference between the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A (8) and the precision pressure gauge B (10) is constant, the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap formed by the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3) is constant, the gap formed by the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3), the balance cavity (22) and the balance hole (26) are communicated, and the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap formed by the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3) is equal to the leakage amount of the balance hole (26) as can be known from a continuity equation of hydrodynamics; in the second step, a part of high-pressure liquid flowing out of the impeller (3) sequentially flows into the balance cavity (22) through a back pump cavity (24), a gap between the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3), the liquid in the balance cavity (22) is led to the outside through a pipeline system, when the indication values of the precision pressure gauge A (8) and the precision pressure gauge B (10) are respectively the same as the indication values in the first step, and the indication value of the electromagnetic flowmeter (15) is the leakage amount of the liquid flowing through the gap between the back sealing ring (25) and the impeller (3); based on the results of the first and second steps, the amount of leakage of the liquid through the balance hole (26) is indirectly measured by indication of the electromagnetic flowmeter (15).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911027343.6A CN110645189A (en) | 2019-10-27 | 2019-10-27 | Device and method for testing liquid leakage amount of impeller balance hole of centrifugal pump |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911027343.6A CN110645189A (en) | 2019-10-27 | 2019-10-27 | Device and method for testing liquid leakage amount of impeller balance hole of centrifugal pump |
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| CN110645189A true CN110645189A (en) | 2020-01-03 |
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| CN201911027343.6A Pending CN110645189A (en) | 2019-10-27 | 2019-10-27 | Device and method for testing liquid leakage amount of impeller balance hole of centrifugal pump |
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| CN112081654B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-03-19 | 广州雷易科技有限公司 | Automobile turbocharger |
| CN116242560A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-06-09 | 兰州理工大学 | Centrifugal pump impeller sealing ring clearance leakage amount testing device and testing method |
| CN116242560B (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-08-04 | 兰州理工大学 | Centrifugal pump impeller sealing ring clearance leakage amount testing device and testing method |
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Application publication date: 20200103 |