CN114060015A - Method and device for evaluating gas content of tight sandstone - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating gas content of tight sandstone Download PDFInfo
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- CN114060015A CN114060015A CN202010762382.7A CN202010762382A CN114060015A CN 114060015 A CN114060015 A CN 114060015A CN 202010762382 A CN202010762382 A CN 202010762382A CN 114060015 A CN114060015 A CN 114060015A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 136
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating gas content of tight sandstone, belonging to the technical field of exploration and development of oil and gas fields. The sandstone thickness is obtained through a logging curve of a target area, a main gas-logging total hydrocarbon peak value and a lower limit value of the target area are determined through a gas-logging total hydrocarbon value subjected to standardized correction, and the sandstone is screened based on the lower limit value to determine the gas layer thickness; and (3) evaluating the gas content of the sandstone by integrating the sandstone thickness, the gas layer thickness, the average value of the gas-measured total hydrocarbons and the main peak value of the gas-measured total hydrocarbons of the target area. The method does not need complex logging and logging data, can finish the evaluation of the gas content of the sandstone through a conventional logging curve and a gas logging total hydrocarbon value, and has accurate evaluation result, simplicity and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating gas content of tight sandstone, belonging to the technical field of exploration and development of oil and gas fields.
Background
In the exploration and development of the tight sandstone oil-gas reservoir, the evaluation of the gas content of the tight sandstone is very important. Particularly, in the process of changing the conventional oil and gas reservoir into the unconventional oil and gas reservoir in the current oil and gas exploration and development, the requirement on the evaluation precision of the gas content of the tight sandstone is higher and higher, and the tight sandstone has poor continuity, strong heterogeneity and complex pore structure, which brings great difficulty to the evaluation of the gas content of the tight sandstone.
The gas-bearing property evaluation method commonly used for logging is based on logging response characteristics, and a compact sandstone gas-bearing property logging evaluation method is established. But the physical property of the compact sandstone is poor, the response characteristic of logging to the compact sandstone gas layer is not obvious, and the real sandstone gas-bearing characteristic is difficult to distinguish by the conventional physical property and electrical property intersection chart. The gas logging uses the response characteristics of the gas logging total hydrocarbon to the gas reservoir to know the gas content of the tight sandstone through continuous monitoring of the natural gas. However, for some special reservoirs, such as high-pressure low-permeability formations, the base value of the all-hydrocarbon curve is integrally raised and the duration is long, so that great uncertainty is added in the aspect of knowing the gas content of the tight sandstone.
The existing method is to comprehensively apply logging and logging information, introduce logging total hydrocarbon net added value in a reservoir bed quadrisexual relation, and evaluate the gas content of the tight sandstone through comprehensive parameter analysis. However, the method still has difficulty in eliminating the influence factors of the environment, degassing efficiency and drilling fluid performance on the data, and the response characteristics of the logging interpretation model on the tight sandstone reservoir are not obvious, and the evaluation precision cannot accurately reflect the reservoir characteristics, so that the gas content of the tight sandstone is difficult to accurately judge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for evaluating gas content of tight sandstone, which aim to solve the problem of low precision of evaluation of gas content at present.
The invention provides an evaluation method for the gas content of tight sandstone, which aims to solve the technical problems and comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring a logging curve of each well in a target area, and determining the thickness of the sandstone according to the acquired logging curve;
2) carrying out standardized correction on the gas logging total hydrocarbons of all the wells in the target area, selecting a main peak value of the distribution curve as a main peak value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the target area according to the distribution curve of the gas logging total hydrocarbon values of all the industrial gas flow wells after standardized correction, and selecting a lower limit value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the distribution curve as a gas layer threshold value of the target area;
3) determining the gas reservoir thickness corresponding to each well according to the sandstone thickness of each well and the gas reservoir threshold value of the target area, and determining the gas reservoir total hydrocarbon average value of each well according to the gas logging total hydrocarbon value of each well after standardized correction;
4) and calculating a gas containing index according to the sandstone thickness, the gas layer thickness, the average value of the gas layer total hydrocarbons and the main peak value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the target area, and evaluating the sandstone gas containing property of each well of the target area according to the gas containing index.
The invention also provides a tight sandstone gas content evaluation device, the control device comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor executes a computer program stored by the memory so as to realize the tight sandstone gas content evaluation method.
The sandstone thickness is obtained through a logging curve of a target area, a main gas logging total hydrocarbon peak value and a lower limit value of the target area are determined through a gas logging total hydrocarbon value of an industrial gas flow well which is subjected to standardized correction, and the sandstone is screened based on the lower limit value to determine the gas layer thickness; and (3) evaluating the gas content of the sandstone by integrating the thickness of the sandstone, the thickness of the gas layer, the average value of the total hydrocarbons of the gas layer and the main peak value of the total hydrocarbons measured by gas. The method does not need complex logging and logging data, can finish the evaluation of the gas content of the sandstone through a conventional logging curve and a gas logging total hydrocarbon value, and has accurate evaluation result, simplicity and practicability.
Further, in order to accurately and quantitatively evaluate the gas content of the tight sandstone, the gas content index adopts a calculation formula as follows:
gas index (gas layer thickness/sandstone thickness) per (average value of total hydrocarbons in gas layer/main peak value of total hydrocarbons measured in target area).
Furthermore, the invention needs fewer kinds of logging curves, and the logging curves in the step 1) comprise a natural gamma curve, a natural potential curve and a sound wave time difference curve.
Further, in order to accurately realize the normalized correction of the all-hydrocarbon value of each well gas log in the target area, the normalized correction in the step 2) is realized by a ratio method, and the process is as follows:
selecting a typical well from the target area, taking a typical well mark layer as an all-hydrocarbon standard layer of the well, and dividing the gas logging all-hydrocarbon value of other intervals of the typical well by the all-hydrocarbon value of the all-hydrocarbon standard layer of the typical well to obtain a result which is the gas logging all-hydrocarbon value after the typical well is subjected to standardized correction; and the other wells take the mark layer with the same position as the typical well as a standard layer to realize the correction of the all-hydrocarbon value of the gas logging of other wells in the whole area. Further, in order to ensure the accuracy of the standard stratum total hydrocarbon value of the standardized correction process, the typical well is a well with continuous formation development, no loss and obvious marked stratum lithology characteristics.
Further, for accurately calculating the gas layer thickness, the gas layer thickness refers to the thickness corresponding to the sand body in the sandstone, wherein the gas-measured total hydrocarbon value is greater than the lower limit value of the gas-measured total hydrocarbon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating gas fraction in tight sands of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a gas log total hydrocarbon profile for all of the industrial gas flow wells in an example embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single well integrated production in an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the apparatus for evaluating gas fraction in tight sandstone according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Method embodiment
The method determines the gas content of the reservoir through the sandstone thickness, the gas layer total hydrocarbon average value and the gas measurement total hydrocarbon main peak value, realizes quantitative evaluation on the gas content, and makes up for the defect that the traditional interpretation model has low evaluation precision on the gas content of the compact sandstone. The implementation flow of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the specific implementation process is as follows.
1. And acquiring a logging curve of the target area, and determining the sandstone thickness according to the acquired logging curve.
The acquired logging curve comprises a natural gamma curve, a natural potential curve and a sound wave time difference curve, the top and bottom boundaries of the sandstone are divided by limiting the range values of the logging natural gamma curve, the natural potential curve and the sound wave time difference curve, and the difference value of the bottom boundary depth and the top boundary depth is the sandstone thickness. In this example, the top and bottom boundaries of sandstone are defined by defining natural gamma of 90API, negative abnormality of natural potential, and time difference of acoustic wave of 218 μ s/m according to the physical properties of the target region, and based on the above definition result, the sandstone in the target region is divided into 3 layers, as shown in fig. 3, where the thickness of sandstone No. 1 is 12.9m, the thickness of sandstone No. 2 is 2.9m, and the thickness of sandstone No. 3 is 13.2 m.
2. And carrying out standardized correction on the gas logging total hydrocarbon of the industrial gas flow well of the target area.
The invention adopts a ratio method to carry out gas logging total hydrocarbon standardization correction, namely a well which has continuous and non-missing stratum development and obvious lithologic characteristics of a marker stratum is selected in a target area as a typical well, the marker stratum of the typical well is taken as a total hydrocarbon standard layer of the well, the gas logging total hydrocarbon values of other intervals of the typical well are divided by the total hydrocarbon value of the standard stratum of the typical well, and the obtained result is the gas logging total hydrocarbon value after the gas logging total hydrocarbon standardization correction of the typical well; and the other wells take the mark layer with the same position as the typical well as a standard layer to realize the correction of the all-hydrocarbon value of the gas logging of other wells in the whole area. Wherein a marker layer refers to a layer or a group of rock layers with distinct characteristics that can serve as stratigraphic contrast markers; the marker layer should have the characteristics of obvious characteristics of contained fossil and lithology, stable layer position, wide distribution range and easy identification. Typically, there is more than one marker layer, and there may be several layers. Although some marker layers are developed widely, local regions may not exist, so that it is necessary to select a marker layer which is developed (exists) in all regions.
For the embodiment, the mudstone properties of the stone-feeding box group mudstone in the target area are stable, the mudstone is developed in the whole area, and the gas-measuring total hydrocarbon value of the mudstone of the stone-feeding box group is generally very low and can be used as a marker layer of the target area. In this embodiment, a mudstone section of a typical well with a rock-facing box group is selected as an all-hydrocarbon standard layer, and by using a ratio method, the all-hydrocarbon value of other intervals of the well is divided by the all-hydrocarbon value of the mudstone section to obtain the all-hydrocarbon value after the all-well section of the well is subjected to standardized correction; and the other wells in the target area use the typical uphole stone box group shale section as a standard layer for transverse comparison, so that the standardized correction of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of other wells in the whole area is completed. Through the correction process, a gas logging all-hydrocarbon normal distribution curve of the industrial gas flow well production zone of the target area can be determined, as shown in fig. 2.
3. And gas logging total hydrocarbon main peak values and gas layer threshold values of the gas logging total hydrocarbon target area are corrected based on the standardization.
And selecting a main peak value of the distribution curve as a main peak value of the gas logging total hydrocarbon of the target area according to the distribution curve of the gas logging total hydrocarbon values of all the industrial gas flow wells after standardization correction, and selecting a lower limit value of the gas logging total hydrocarbon of the distribution curve as a gas layer threshold value of the target area. For this example, all the normalized and corrected total hydrocarbon profiles of the industrial gas flow well are selected as shown in fig. 2, which is a normal profile from which the main peak of total hydrocarbons is 14.2% and the lower limit of total hydrocarbons in the gas zone is 2.6%.
4. Determining the gas layer thickness and the average value of the total hydrocarbon of the gas layer.
And determining the depth values of the top and bottom interfaces of the sandstone with the single-well gas logging total hydrocarbon value larger than the gas layer threshold value according to the depth values of the top and bottom interfaces of the sandstone and the gas layer threshold value, and taking the difference value of the depth values of the top and bottom interfaces of the sandstone which are determined again as the gas layer thickness. For the present example, the thickness of the gas layer obtained in the above manner is shown in fig. 3, the thickness of the developing gas layer in sandstone No. 1 is 2.6m, and the average value of the total hydrocarbons in the gas layer is 4.1%; the gas layer in the sandstone No. 2 does not develop, so the gas layer does not participate in the evaluation of gas content; the 3 layers of the 3 sandstone internal development gas layer are respectively a 3-1 gas layer, a 3-2 gas layer and a 3-3 gas layer, the thicknesses of the corresponding gas layers are respectively 1.0m, 0.9m and 1.1m, and the average values of the total hydrocarbons of the corresponding gas layers are respectively 4.2 percent m, 3.1 percent and 3.4 percent.
5. And determining a gas index, and evaluating the gas content of the reservoir by using the gas index.
The gas content index is calculated according to the sandstone thickness, the gas layer total hydrocarbon average value and the target area gas measurement total hydrocarbon main peak value, and the formula is specifically adopted as follows:
gas index ═ (gas layer thickness/sandstone thickness) (average value of total hydrocarbons in gas layer/main peak value of total hydrocarbons measured by gas)
For the present example, according to the data in fig. 3, the gas index calculated by using the above formula is: the gas indexes of the gas layer No. 1-1 (2.6m/12.9m) × (4.1%/14.2%) -0.698, the gas indexes of the gas layer No. 3-1 (1.0m/13.2m) × (4.2%/14.2%) -0.022, and the gas indexes of the gas layer No. 3-2 and the gas index of the gas layer No. 3-3 are respectively 0.015 and 0.020. Accordingly, the gas content of the No. 1-1 gas layer is more than 3-1 gas layer, the gas content of the No. 3-3 gas layer is more than 3-2 gas layer. This is in full agreement with the results of the actual formation.
Device embodiment
The apparatus proposed in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, includes a processor and a memory, where a computer program operable on the processor is stored in the memory, and the processor implements the method of the foregoing method embodiment when executing the computer program. That is, the methods in the above method embodiments should be understood to be a flow of the evaluation method of tight sandstone gas content that can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor such that execution of the instructions by the processor results in the implementation of the functions specified in the method flow described above.
The processor referred to in this embodiment refers to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA; the memory referred to in this embodiment includes a physical device for storing information, and generally, information is digitized and then stored in a medium using an electric, magnetic, optical, or the like. For example: various memories for storing information by using an electric energy mode, such as RAM, ROM and the like; various memories for storing information by magnetic energy, such as hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, magnetic core memory, bubble memory, and U disk; various types of memory, CD or DVD, that store information optically. Of course, there are other ways of memory, such as quantum memory, graphene memory, and so forth.
The apparatus comprising the memory, the processor and the computer program is realized by the processor executing corresponding program instructions in the computer, and the processor can be loaded with various operating systems, such as windows operating system, linux system, android, iOS system, and the like.
As other embodiments, the device can also comprise a display, and the display is used for displaying the diagnosis result for the reference of workers.
Claims (7)
1. The method for evaluating the gas content of the tight sandstone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) acquiring a logging curve of each well in a target area, and determining the thickness of the sandstone according to the acquired logging curve;
2) carrying out standardized correction on the gas logging total hydrocarbons of all the wells in the target area, selecting a main peak value of the distribution curve as a main peak value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the target area according to the distribution curve of the gas logging total hydrocarbon values of all the industrial gas flow wells after standardized correction, and selecting a lower limit value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the distribution curve as a gas layer threshold value of the target area;
3) determining the gas reservoir thickness corresponding to each well according to the sandstone thickness of each well and the gas reservoir threshold value of the target area, and determining the gas reservoir total hydrocarbon average value of each well according to the gas logging total hydrocarbon value of each well after standardized correction;
4) and calculating a gas containing index according to the sandstone thickness, the gas layer thickness, the average value of the gas layer total hydrocarbons and the main peak value of the gas logging total hydrocarbons of the target area, and evaluating the sandstone gas containing property of each well of the target area according to the gas containing index.
2. The evaluation method of tight sandstone gas content according to claim 1, wherein the gas content index adopts a calculation formula as follows:
gas index (gas layer thickness/sandstone thickness) per (average value of total hydrocarbons in gas layer/main peak value of total hydrocarbons measured in target area).
3. The method for evaluating tight sandstone gas permeability of claim 1 or 2, wherein the logging curve in step 1) comprises a natural gamma curve, a natural potential curve and a sound wave time difference curve.
4. The method for evaluating tight sandstone gas permeability according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the normalization in the step 2) is performed by a ratio method, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a typical well from the target area, taking a typical well mark layer as an all-hydrocarbon standard layer of the well, and dividing the gas logging all-hydrocarbon value of other intervals of the typical well by the all-hydrocarbon value of the all-hydrocarbon standard layer of the typical well to obtain a result which is the gas logging all-hydrocarbon value after the typical well is subjected to standardized correction; and the other wells take the mark layer with the same position as the typical well as a standard layer to realize the correction of the all-hydrocarbon value of the gas logging of other wells in the whole area.
5. The method of evaluating tight sandstone gas permeability of claim 4, wherein the typical well has continuous formation development and no loss, and has obvious characteristic of marking the lithology of the stratum.
6. The method for evaluating tight sandstone gas content of claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas layer thickness is the thickness corresponding to the sand body in the sandstone, and the measured total hydrocarbon value of the sand body is greater than the gas layer threshold value.
7. An apparatus for evaluating tight sandstone gas content, characterized in that the control device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor executes a computer program stored in the memory to implement the method of evaluating tight sandstone gas content according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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