CN106897531B - Quantitative evaluation method for permeability of low-permeability limestone reservoir - Google Patents
Quantitative evaluation method for permeability of low-permeability limestone reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir, which comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining a geometric mean value of transverse relaxation time through experiments of a small amount of low-permeability limestone core samples at a certain depth of a stratum and sandstone core samples under the condition of similar porosity; 2) calculating the ratio of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone core sample to the permeability of the sandstone core sample; 3) measuring the porosity of the whole stratum section by using a logging instrument; 4) and calculating according to the quantitative evaluation model of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir to obtain the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir, and finishing the quantitative evaluation of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir of the whole well section. The method for quantitatively evaluating the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir ensures accurate results and provides a simple and practical method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantitative evaluation method for reservoir permeability, in particular to a quantitative evaluation method for permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir.
Background
In general, the reservoir permeability is calculated by adopting porosity to establish a permeability calculation formula based on a high-precision functional relationship between the porosity and the permeability. Thus, the formula for calculating the reservoir permeability may be expressed as:
in the formula: k is the permeability, mD;
is porosity, decimal.
In a low-permeability limestone reservoir, a high-precision functional relation between the porosity and the permeability does not exist. Therefore, it is not feasible to calculate the permeability of a low permeability limestone reservoir based on equation (1).
In addition, based on nuclear magnetic logging data, in the free fluid model, the calculation formula of the permeability is as follows:
in the formula: k is the permeability, mD;
porosity, decimal; c is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; FFI is the pore volume of the free fluid,%; BVI is the pore volume,%, of bound water.
At mean transverse relaxation time T2In the model, the calculation formula of the permeability is as follows:
in the formula: k is the permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmIs the transverse relaxation time T2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
is porosity, decimal.
The porosity index 4 in the formula (2) and the formula (3) are obtained for sandstone reservoirs, and are not suitable for low-permeability limestone reservoirs. Therefore, the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir can be accurately calculated only by adopting the porosity index suitable for the low-permeability limestone reservoir in the formula (2) or the formula (3).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a quantitative evaluation method capable of accurately calculating the permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir.
The quantitative evaluation method for the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) respectively obtaining the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the low-permeability limestone core sample by carrying out experiments on the low-permeability limestone core sample at a certain depth of the stratum and the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity2gmlimeAnd geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation time of sandstone core sample under similar porosity condition2gmsand；
2) Calculating the permeability ratio y of the low-permeability limestone core sample and the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity;
3) measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field to obtain the porosity of the whole stratum section
4) Calculating according to a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir to obtain the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir, so that the quantitative evaluation of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir of the whole well section is completed;
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a isEmpirical constants, dimensionless; t is2gmlimeTransverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; y is the ratio of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone to the permeability of the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity; t is2gmsandThe geometric mean value of the transverse relaxation time of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity is ms.
In step 1) of the above method, the similarity is known according to the conventional knowledge of those skilled in the art, and for example, a value within ± 3% is considered as a similar porosity.
In the step 1) of the method, the nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation time T is developed for the low-permeability limestone core sample2Experimental analysis is carried out to obtain the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the low permeability limestone core sample2gmlime。
The operation of the step 2) of the method is as follows: based on the core sample of the low-permeability limestone reservoir at a certain depth of the stratum, carrying out conventional physical property experimental analysis to obtain the permeability K of the low-permeability limestone core samplelime(ii) a And the permeability K of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porositysandAnd (4) dividing to obtain the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone and the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity.
In the step 3), the porosity of the whole stratum section is obtained by measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field by using a logging instrument
In the step 4), the quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is established by a method comprising the following steps:
a. establishing a functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir;
b. and establishing a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir by adopting an average transverse relaxation time model formula (5) based on a functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir.
In the step a, the method for establishing the functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is as follows:
in sandstone reservoirs, based on the mean transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: ksandSandstone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmsandIs sandstone transverse relaxation time T2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
is porosity, decimal.
In low permeability limestone reservoir, based on average transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmlimeIs the transverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; and x is the porosity index of the low-permeability limestone without dimension.
Under similar porosity conditions, the ratio of the permeability of low-permeability limestone to sandstone is y, and the formula (6) is shown:
the calculation formula of the porosity index x of the low-permeability limestone can be obtained by the formula (6), and is shown in the formula (7):
thereby obtaining the functional relation between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir.
In the step b, a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is established by the following operations: and substituting the functional relation between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir (namely the porosity index x of the low-permeability limestone) into the average transverse relaxation time model formula (5) to obtain a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the quantitative evaluation method of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir disclosed by the invention extracts the average transverse relaxation time T2The porosity index of the low-permeability limestone reservoir in the model can more accurately determine the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir; 2. the method avoids developing a large number of core experiments, can effectively save cost and has stronger economical efficiency; 3. the invention provides an effective method with high accuracy, strong universality and good economy for the calculation of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir, and the method can be widely applied to the quantitative evaluation of the permeability of various low-permeability limestone reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the transverse relaxation time T of sandstone and low-permeability limestone under similar porosity conditions2A distribution diagram;
FIG. 2 is the geometric mean T of the porosity and transverse relaxation time of sandstone and low-permeability limestone2gmThe cross-sectional view of (1);
FIG. 3 is a plot of porosity versus permeability for sandstone and low-permeability limestone;
FIG. 4 is the permeability of sandstone with low permeability limestone at similar porosity conditions;
FIG. 5 is a relationship between porosity, porosity index and permeability ratio of low permeability limestone to sandstone at similar porosity conditions;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the quantitative evaluation result of permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir in the A well part stratified section.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention relates to a quantitative evaluation method for permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir, which comprises the following steps of:
1) developing nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation time T based on core sample of low-permeability limestone reservoir at certain depth of stratum2Experimental analysis is carried out to obtain the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the low permeability limestone core sample2gmlime(ii) a And the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity2gmsandComparative analysis was performed (fig. 1);
2) based on the core sample of the low-permeability limestone reservoir at a certain depth of the stratum, carrying out conventional physical property experimental analysis to obtain the permeability K of the low-permeability limestone core samplelime(ii) a And the permeability K of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porositysandDividing to obtain the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone and the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity;
3) the porosity of the whole stratum section can be obtained by measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field by using a logging instrument
；
4) In sandstone reservoirs, based on the mean transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: ksandSandstone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmsandIs sandstone transverse relaxation time T2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
is porosity, decimal.
In low permeability limestone reservoir, based on average transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmlimeIs the transverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; and x is the porosity index of the low-permeability limestone without dimension.
Under the condition of similar porosity, the ratio of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone to the permeability of the sandstone is y, and the formula (6) is shown as follows:
a calculation formula of the porosity index x of the low-permeability limestone can be obtained by the formula (6), which is shown in the formula (7):
5) the calculation formula of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir can be obtained by combining the vertical formula (5) and the formula (7), and is shown as the formula (8):
the process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1: take a low permeability limestone reservoir of a well a in an oil field as an example.
1) Low permeability at a certain depth based on the oil field A wellCore sample of limestone reservoir for developing nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation time T2Experimental analysis is carried out to obtain the geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation time of 12 low-permeability limestone core samples2gmlimeIs about 210ms (table 1 and fig. 2); and geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation time of 45 sandstone core samples under similar porosity condition of other oil fields2gmsandIs about 32ms (table 2 and fig. 2).
TABLE 1 geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation times for low permeability limestone core samples2gmlime
| Serial number | Lithology | Porosity (%) | T2gmlime(ms) |
| 1 | Limestone | 10.35 | 104.74 |
| 2 | Limestone | 10.81 | 72.54 |
| 3 | Limestone | 11.26 | 233.53 |
| 4 | Limestone | 11.85 | 386.98 |
| 5 | Limestone | 11.86 | 180.18 |
| 6 | Limestone | 12.93 | 365.46 |
| 7 | Limestone | 14.73 | 96.83 |
| 8 | Limestone | 15.14 | 272.64 |
| 9 | Limestone | 17.25 | 333.04 |
| 10 | Limestone | 17.77 | 165.28 |
| 11 | Limestone | 18.58 | 214.38 |
| 12 | Limestone | 19.83 | 96.83 |
Table 2 geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation times of sandstone core samples under similar porosity conditions2gmsand
2) Based on the core sample of the low-permeability limestone reservoir at a certain depth of the oil field A well, carrying out conventional physical property experimental analysis to obtain the permeability K of the low-permeability limestone core samplelimeHas an average value of 4.5mD (FIGS. 3 and 4); permeability K of sandstone core sample under similar porosity conditionsandHas an average value of 45mD (FIGS. 3 and 4); therefore, the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone to the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity is 0.1.
3) The porosity of the whole stratum section can be obtained by measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field by using a logging instrument
4) In sandstone reservoirs, based on the mean transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: ksandSandstone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmsandIs transverse relaxation of sandstoneTime T2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
is porosity, decimal.
In low permeability limestone reservoirs, based on the mean transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmlimeIs the transverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; and x is the porosity index of the low-permeability limestone without dimension.
The geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the A-well low-permeability limestone core sample can be obtained through the step 1)2gmlimeHas an average value of about 210ms, and the geometric average value T of transverse relaxation time of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity2gmsandIs about 32 ms.
From the step 2), the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone and the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity is 0.1, and the ratio of the formula (5) to the formula (4) is shown as the formula (6):
a calculation formula of the porosity index x of the low-permeability limestone can be obtained by the formula (6), which is shown in the formula (7):
and (5) drawing the relationship among the porosity, the porosity index x and the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone and the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity, and referring to fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the porosity index x gradually increases as the porosity gradually increases; the porosity index x gradually becomes smaller as the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone to the sandstone gradually becomes larger under the condition of similar porosity.
5) The calculation formula of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir of the A well of the oil field can be obtained by combining the vertical formula (5) and the formula (7), and is shown as the formula (8):
in formula (8), a is 5 in the limestone reservoir, and T of A well2gmlimeAnd
may be measured by a logging instrument. Therefore, the permeability of the full interval of the a-well can be calculated based on equation (8).
6) Based on the formula (8), the permeability of the whole well section of the A-well low-permeability limestone reservoir can be obtained, and the permeability of the A-well low-permeability limestone reservoir can be quantitatively evaluated as shown in figure 6.
As shown in fig. 6, in the quantitative evaluation result diagram of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir in the section of the well a, the 1 st path is a natural gamma and caliper logging curve and represents the lithology characteristics of the stratum; the 2 nd path is a deep, medium and shallow resistivity logging curve, and the electrical characteristics of the stratum are described; the 3 rd path is a volume density, neutron porosity and longitudinal wave time difference logging curve which reflects the physical property characteristics of the stratum; lane 4 is the transverse relaxation time T of NMR logging2(ii) a The 5 th is porosity calculated based on the logging curve and porosity of core analysis; lane 6 is based on NMR well-log data using the mean transverse relaxation time T2The permeability calculated by the model and the permeability analyzed by the rock core have relatively large errors, and the average absolute error is 20.41 mD; the 7 th path is based on nuclear magnetic logging information, the permeability calculated by adopting a free fluid model and the permeability analyzed by adopting a rock core have relatively large error, and the average absolute error is 21.75 mD; the 8 th pass is based on nuclear magnetic logging data, the permeability calculated by the formula (8) and the permeability of core analysisThe error between the two is relatively small, and the average absolute error is 0.83 mD.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A quantitative evaluation method for permeability of a low-permeability limestone reservoir comprises the following steps:
1) respectively obtaining the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the low-permeability limestone core sample by carrying out experiments on the low-permeability limestone core sample at a certain depth of the stratum and the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity2gmlimeAnd geometric mean value T of transverse relaxation time of sandstone core sample under similar porosity condition2gmsand；
2) Calculating the permeability ratio y of the low-permeability limestone core sample and the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity;
3) measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field to obtain the porosity of the whole stratum section
4) Calculating according to a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir to obtain the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir, and finishing the quantitative evaluation of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir of the whole well section;
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmlimeTransverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; y is low-permeability limestone and sandstone under the condition of similar porosityThe ratio of the permeabilities; t is2gmsandThe geometric mean value of the transverse relaxation time of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porosity is ms.
2. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), carrying out nuclear magnetic transverse relaxation time T on a low-permeability limestone core sample2Experimental analysis is carried out to obtain the geometric mean value T of the transverse relaxation time of the low permeability limestone core sample2gmlime。
3. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the operation of step 2) is: based on the core sample of the low-permeability limestone reservoir at a certain depth of the stratum, carrying out conventional physical property experimental analysis to obtain the permeability K of the low-permeability limestone core samplelime(ii) a And the permeability K of the sandstone core sample under the condition of similar porositysandAnd (4) dividing to obtain the ratio y of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone and the sandstone under the condition of similar porosity.
4. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3), measuring the whole stratum section of the oil field by using a logging instrument to obtain the porosity of the whole stratum section
5. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is established by a method comprising the following steps:
a. establishing a functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir;
b. establishing a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir by adopting an average transverse relaxation time model based on a functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir;
6. the quantitative evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step a, the method for establishing the functional relation formula (7) between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is as follows:
in sandstone reservoirs, based on the mean transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: ksandSandstone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmsandIs sandstone transverse relaxation time T2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal;
in low permeability limestone reservoir, based on average transverse relaxation time T2Model, the calculation formula of permeability is:
in the formula: klimeLow permeability limestone permeability, mD; a is an empirical constant and is dimensionless; t is2gmlimeIs the transverse relaxation time T of low permeability limestone2Geometric mean of distribution, ms;
porosity, decimal; x is a low permeability limestone porosity index, dimensionless;
under similar porosity conditions, the ratio of the permeability of low-permeability limestone to sandstone is y, and the formula (6) is shown:
the calculation formula of the porosity index x of the low-permeability limestone can be obtained by the formula (6), and is shown in the formula (7):
and obtaining a functional relation between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir.
7. The quantitative evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step b, a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir is established by the following operations: substituting the functional relation between the porosity index and the porosity of the low-permeability limestone reservoir into an average transverse relaxation time model formula (5) to obtain a quantitative evaluation model formula (8) of the permeability of the low-permeability limestone reservoir;
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