CN114051787A - Tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method - Google Patents
Tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114051787A CN114051787A CN202111346755.3A CN202111346755A CN114051787A CN 114051787 A CN114051787 A CN 114051787A CN 202111346755 A CN202111346755 A CN 202111346755A CN 114051787 A CN114051787 A CN 114051787A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco seed bleaching and disinfecting method, which comprises five steps: (1) preparing a solution: preparing a sulfate aqueous solution, heating the sulfate aqueous solution to 45 +/-1 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant; (2) and (3) bleaching: adding tobacco seeds to be treated into a constant-temperature sulfate solution, stirring until the surfaces of the seeds are wet, standing for 3 hours, keeping the solution at 45 +/-1 ℃ until the seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer in the sulfate solution; (3) separation: fishing out the upper layer of seeds, pouring out the sulfate solution, and reserving the lower layer of seeds; taking out the seeds at the lower layer, putting the seeds into a net bag, and washing the seeds for 3-4 times by using clear water; (4) sterilization and disinfection: placing the cleaned seeds in a bactericide for stirring, soaking the seeds for 2 hours after uniform stirring, taking out the seeds, and cleaning for 3-4 times until the surface bactericide is removed; (5) and (5) drying. The invention not only can effectively remove the pathogens of the tobacco seeds which are most easily carried with the brown spot, but also can improve the germination rate of the seeds while removing the pathogens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco seed processing, in particular to a tobacco seed bleaching and disinfecting method.
Background
The tobacco industry is the chip of tobacco agriculture and is also the strategic and basic core industry of the country. The Chinese tobacco breeding industry in the key period of a new technological revolution and industrial change in the world can gain initiative in grabbing opportunities only by improving the provenance guarantee capability and the innovation level of the breeding industry. Tobacco seed quality control is an important part of seed industry innovation, and along with the development of seed science and technology, the requirements of users on seed quality are gradually improved, and the requirements of germination, development to the existing requirements on vitality and health and the like are met; international seed testing protocols have also incorporated seed viability testing, health testing into relevant sections, and many enterprises are requesting viability testing results and seed health testing certificates in international seed trade. In the prior research of the applicant, the density sorting can improve the seed activity, but in the aqueous solution, the viscosity of water is relatively high, the weight of tobacco seeds is small, and the seeds are difficult to separate in layers quickly in the aqueous solution. The tobacco seed health research in China starts late, but the tobacco seed health and disinfection work have great influence on the actual use of the seeds in the field, and if the tobacco seeds carry seed-borne disease pathogens, large-area disease risks exist. At present, there are some reports about the tobacco seed disinfection treatment method, but there is no seed disinfection treatment technology aiming at specific seed-borne diseases such as brown spot, and no technical measure combining disinfection treatment and seed vitality improvement.
In view of the above, there is a need to develop a method for performing a flotation sterilization on tobacco seeds to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco seed bleaching and disinfecting method, and aims to solve the technical problems that tobacco seeds cannot be effectively removed in the prior art, the tobacco seeds are most easily carried with scab pathogens, and the germination rate of the seeds is low while the pathogens are removed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method, which comprises five steps of solution preparation, bleaching, separation, sterilization and drying, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solution: preparing a sulfate aqueous solution, heating the sulfate aqueous solution to 45 +/-1 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant to obtain a constant-temperature sulfate solution;
(2) and (3) bleaching: adding tobacco seeds to be treated into the constant-temperature sulfate solution in the step (1), stirring until the surfaces of the seeds are wet, standing for 3 hours, and keeping the solution at 45 +/-1 ℃ until the seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer in the sulfate solution;
(3) separation: fishing out the upper layer seeds in the step (2), pouring out the sulfate solution, and reserving the lower layer seeds; taking out the seeds at the lower layer, putting the seeds into a mesh bag, and washing the seeds for 3-4 times by using clear water until the residual sulfate solution is removed;
(4) sterilization and disinfection: placing the seeds cleaned in the step (3) in a bactericide for stirring, soaking the seeds for 2 hours after uniform stirring, taking out the seeds, and cleaning for 3-4 times until the surface bactericide is removed;
(5) and (3) drying: and (4) placing the sterilized and disinfected seeds in the step (4) in a drying oven, and drying by air until the water content of the seeds meets the requirement.
Preferably, the aqueous sulfate solution in step (1) is CuSO4An aqueous solution.
Preferably, the CuSO4The concentration of the aqueous solution is 60-100 g/L.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the seeds to be treated to the sulfate solution in step (2) is 1: 3 to 4.
Preferably, the mesh bag in the step (3) is a nylon mesh bag.
Preferably, the bactericide in step (4) is fluazinam.
Preferably, the concentration of the fluazinam is 5-25 mg/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying oven in the step (5) is 30-35 ℃.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method carries out the bleaching and disinfection of the tobacco seeds by adopting the steps of solution preparation, bleaching, separation, disinfection and drying, and compared with the traditional seed disinfection method, the method controls the temperature of the bleaching solution to be 45 +/-1 ℃, and can kill pathogens carried on the surfaces of partial seeds, especially alternaria alternate; on the other hand, the temperature rise can reduce the viscosity of the solution and accelerate the layering of the tobacco seeds in the copper sulfate solution. Because the concentration of the copper sulfate is controlled to be 60 g/L-100 g/L, the poor seeds with the density of less than 1.03 g/ml-1.05 g/ml are left on the upper layer of the solution, the seeds with high density and high vigor are left on the middle lower part of the solution, and the vigor of the seeds can be effectively improved after the seeds with low density on the upper layer are removed. After the seeds are further disinfected by the fluazinam solution, the scab pathogenic bacteria can be removed by 100 percent, and the health degree of the seeds is effectively improved.
2. Compared with the traditional seed disinfection method, the method is simple to operate, can improve the health degree and activity of the seeds, and can be applied to actual production.
3. The invention aims at the defects that the existing tobacco seed disinfection treatment technology cannot effectively remove tobacco seeds which are most easily carried with scab pathogens and cannot improve the germination quality of the seeds; provides a floating disinfection method which can kill the scab pathogens on the surface of the tobacco seeds and simultaneously can improve the germination rate of the seeds, and further improves the quality and the health degree of the tobacco seeds.
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FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method, which comprises five steps of solution preparation, bleaching, separation, sterilization and drying, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solution: preparing a sulfate aqueous solution, heating the sulfate aqueous solution to 45 +/-1 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant to obtain a constant-temperature sulfate solution;
(2) and (3) bleaching: adding tobacco seeds to be treated into the constant-temperature sulfate solution in the step (1), stirring until the surfaces of the seeds are wet, standing for 3 hours, and keeping the solution at 45 +/-1 ℃ until the seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer in the sulfate solution;
(3) separation: fishing out the upper layer seeds in the step (2), pouring out the sulfate solution, and reserving the lower layer seeds; taking out the seeds at the lower layer, putting the seeds into a mesh bag, and washing the seeds for 3-4 times by using clear water until the residual sulfate solution is removed;
(4) sterilization and disinfection: placing the seeds cleaned in the step (3) in a bactericide for stirring, soaking the seeds for 2 hours after uniform stirring, taking out the seeds, and cleaning for 3-4 times until the surface bactericide is removed;
(5) and (3) drying: and (4) placing the sterilized and disinfected seeds in the step (4) in a drying oven, and drying by air until the water content of the seeds meets the requirement.
The specific embodiment provides that the sulfate aqueous solution in the step (1) is CuSO4An aqueous solution.
The present embodiment provides the CuSO4The concentration of the aqueous solution is 60-100 g/L.
The specific embodiment provides that the volume ratio of the seeds to be treated to the sulfate solution in the step (2) is 1: 3 to 4.
The specific embodiment provides that the mesh bag in the step (3) is a nylon mesh bag.
The present embodiment provides that the bactericide in step (4) is fluazinam.
The specific embodiment provides that the concentration of the fluazinam is 5-25 mg/L
The specific embodiment provides that the temperature of the drying oven in the step (5) is 30-35 ℃.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof.
In the following examples, the seeds of tobacco varieties Yunyan 85, Yunyan 97, Yunyan 87 and Yunyan 105 are all from Yuxi Ningzizi Limited liability company.
Example 1:
test one, copper sulfate solutions with the concentrations of 0g/L, 6g/L, 12g/L, 24g/L, 36g/L and 60g/L are respectively prepared and kept in the room temperature environment at 25 ℃, then weighing 1g of each tobacco seed of the Yunyan 97 tobacco of the same batch respectively, adding the weighed seeds into copper sulfate solution with each concentration, the volume of the solution is 4 times of the volume of the tobacco seeds, the solution is stirred and kept stand for 3 hours, the tobacco seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by liquid buoyancy, the upper layer and the lower layer of seeds are respectively taken out, the seeds are washed clean by clear water, the upper layer of seeds are dried by blast at 35 ℃, weighing, carrying out a standard germination test, continuously immersing the seeds at the lower layer into a 5mg/L fluazinam solution for disinfection for 2h, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, placing the seeds at 35 ℃ for blast drying until the surface is free of moisture and can be freely dispersed, weighing, and carrying out the standard germination test and the detection of the red star disease bacteria-carrying rate. And respectively calculating the mass fraction of the lower layer seeds according to the mass of the upper layer seeds and the lower layer seeds.
The difference between the second test and the first test is as follows: the concentration of the copper sulfate solution is 0g/L, 6g/L, 12g/L, 24g/L, 36g/L, 60g/L, 80g/L and 100g/L, and the solution is heated to 45 ℃ and kept at a constant temperature during bleaching.
Standard germination test: two layers of filter paper are padded in a culture dish, water is added for wetting, 100 tobacco seeds are uniformly placed on the filter paper respectively, each batch is repeated for 3 times, then the culture dish is placed in an incubator at 25 ℃, the illumination is carried out for 12 hours every day, and the filter paper is kept wet during germination. Recording the germination number of the seeds, taking the fact that the radicles are normal and the tops (cotyledons) of the hypocotyls are green as the germination counting standard of the seeds, recording the germination vigor of the seeds at 7 th d, and recording the germination rate of the seeds at 14 th d.
And (3) detecting the bacterial carrying rate of the brown spot: adopting a culture medium method, respectively randomly selecting 250 tobacco seeds from each sample, not performing disinfection treatment, sowing 5 multiplied by 5 in a sterile PDA flat plate, sowing 25 tobacco seeds in each dish, repeating 10 tobacco seeds in each sample, culturing for 3 days under the conditions of constant temperature of 28 ℃ and illumination of 12h/12h (dark/ultraviolet lamp), observing colony morphology and spore morphology by a morphological identification method, identifying the carried fungi, and calculating the bacteria carrying rate.
The data on the effect of different drift temperatures and concentrations on seed quality and health are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: because the seeds are lost in the bleaching and disinfection process, the sum of the mass fractions of the upper layer and the lower layer is slightly lower than 100 percent.
As can be seen from Table 1, the seed quality and health are affected by both the concentration and the temperature of the bleaching. When the copper sulfate solution is floated at 25 ℃, the proportion of seeds at the upper layer is gradually increased along with the increase of the concentration of the copper sulfate solution, and is increased from 10.15 percent to 39.14 percent, which indicates that the separation effect of the seeds at the upper layer and the lower layer is gradually poor when the copper sulfate solution is floated for 3 hours, because the liquid viscosity is higher, the density is increased, the seeds with different densities are difficult to separate in a short time, and if only the seeds at the lower layer are reserved during the floating, the loss is larger; compared with the 45 ℃ bleaching result, the proportion of the upper layer seeds is not changed by 4-11.03% along with the increase of the concentration of copper sulfate, namely the viscosity of the solution is reduced along with the increase of the temperature, the tobacco seeds are easier to layer relative to the normal temperature of 25 ℃, and the seed sorting proportion is basically stable in the solution of 60-100 g/L. As can be seen by comparing the germination quality of the upper and lower seeds at different temperatures, the germination potential of the upper seed sorted at 45 ℃ is obviously lower than that of the upper seed sorted at 25 ℃, particularly in a solution of 60-100 g/L, the germination potential of the upper seed at 45 ℃ is 44.67-63.67%, and is obviously lower than that of the upper seed at 25 ℃ to 76.33%; the germination potential of the seeds at the lower layer is basically equivalent to that of the seeds at the lower layer after 60 g/L-100 g/L copper sulfate bleaching at two sorting temperatures, and is 80.33% -82.00% which is higher than 77.67% of that of unbleached CK seeds, which indicates that the seeds with high and low vitality are difficult to separate by solution bleaching at 25 ℃; at 45 ℃, the sorting effect is better, the seeds with low activity are concentrated on the upper layer of the solution, and the seeds on the lower layer are reserved, so that the activity of the seeds can be effectively improved. Finally, compared with the detection of the bacteria carrying rate of the seeds at different temperatures, the copper sulfate treatment at 45 ℃ has stronger inhibiting effect on the alternaria alternate than the copper sulfate treatment at 25 ℃.
Example 2
Preparing 8 parts of the same 80g/L copper sulfate solution, heating to 45 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant, respectively taking 1g of tobacco seeds of Yunyan tobacco 105-0010, Yunyan tobacco 105-0059, Yunyan tobacco 97-0178 and MS Yunyan tobacco 85-0927, repeating 2 samples in each part, and putting the samples into the corresponding solution, wherein the volume of the solution is 4 times of the volume of the tobacco seeds. After stirring and standing for 3 hours, the tobacco seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer under the action of liquid buoyancy, the upper layer and the lower layer of seeds are respectively taken out, and the seeds are washed clean by clear water. And (3) taking the repeated upper and lower seeds, simultaneously carrying out air blast drying at 35 ℃ until no obvious moisture exists on the surface, weighing until the seeds can be freely scattered, calculating the mass fraction of the upper and lower seeds, taking part of the seeds to carry out a standard germination test, and simultaneously taking part of the lower seeds to detect the red star disease bacteria-carrying rate. And taking the lower-layer seeds cleaned in the other repetition, continuously immersing the seeds into 5mg/L fluazinam solution, stirring, sterilizing for 2h, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, placing the seeds at 35 ℃ for air blast drying until the surfaces are free of moisture and can be freely dispersed, and then carrying out standard germination test and detection of the red star disease bacteria-carrying rate. The standard germination test and the red star germ carrying rate test method are the same as those in example 1. The bleaching and sterilizing effects of different varieties of seeds are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the bleaching and sterilizing method of the present invention can improve the germination viability and health of seeds of different varieties. Taking Yunyan 105-0010 as an example, the germination potential of the sorted upper-layer seeds is 83.00%, the germination rate is 87.00%, the germination potential of the lower-layer seeds is 94.00%, the germination rate is 96.00%, the germination potential is increased by 5% relative to the germination potential of the unbleached sterilized seeds, the germination rate is increased by 3%, and from the viewpoint of health, the bacteria carrying rate of the seeds which are subjected to bleaching and then treated by fluazinam is 0%, and the sterilization rate reaches 100%. The other batches of seeds, MS Yunyan 85-0927, Yunyan 97-0178 and Yunyan 105-.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method is characterized by comprising five steps of solution preparation, bleaching, separation, sterilization and drying, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a solution: preparing a sulfate aqueous solution, heating the sulfate aqueous solution to 45 +/-1 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant to obtain a constant-temperature sulfate solution;
(2) and (3) bleaching: adding tobacco seeds to be treated into the constant-temperature sulfate solution in the step (1), stirring until the surfaces of the seeds are wet, standing for 3 hours, and keeping the solution at 45 +/-1 ℃ until the seeds are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer in the sulfate solution;
(3) separation: fishing out the upper layer seeds in the step (2), pouring out the sulfate solution, and reserving the lower layer seeds; taking out the seeds at the lower layer, putting the seeds into a mesh bag, and washing the seeds for 3-4 times by using clear water until the residual sulfate solution is removed;
(4) sterilization and disinfection: placing the seeds cleaned in the step (3) in a bactericide for stirring, soaking the seeds for 2 hours after uniform stirring, taking out the seeds, and cleaning for 3-4 times until the surface bactericide is removed;
(5) and (3) drying: and (4) placing the sterilized and disinfected seeds in the step (4) in a drying oven, and drying by air until the water content of the seeds meets the requirement.
2. The method for tobacco seed dressing and disinfecting of claim 1, wherein the aqueous sulfate solution in step (1) is CuSO4An aqueous solution.
3. The method for tobacco seed flotation and disinfection according to claim 2, wherein the CuSO is applied in the form of a solution4The concentration of the aqueous solution is 60-100 g/L.
4. The method for bleaching and sterilizing tobacco seeds according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to be treated to the sulfate solution in the step (2) is 1: 3 to 4.
5. The tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh bag in the step (3) is a nylon mesh bag.
6. The method for bleaching and sterilizing tobacco seeds according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide in step (4) is fluazinam.
7. The tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of fluazinam is 5-25 mg/L.
8. The tobacco seed bleaching and sterilizing method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying oven in the step (5) is 30-35 ℃.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103340045A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for water separation and sterilization of tobacco seeds |
| US20160174557A1 (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-06-23 | Vilmorin & Cie | Treatment for seeds disinfection |
| CN107852892A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for reducing disease, accelerating tobacco seed emergence |
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- 2021-11-15 CN CN202111346755.3A patent/CN114051787A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160174557A1 (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-06-23 | Vilmorin & Cie | Treatment for seeds disinfection |
| CN103340045A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for water separation and sterilization of tobacco seeds |
| CN107852892A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for reducing disease, accelerating tobacco seed emergence |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 中华人民共和国质量监督检验检疫总局编著: "《中国技术性贸易措施年度报告 2013》", 31 December 2013, 中国质检出版社 * |
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