CN114048572A - Design calculation method of large variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
Design calculation method of large variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design calculation method of a large-scale variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which comprises the steps of calculating tube pass heat exchange, calculating heat conduction of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of a heat exchange tube, calculating shell pass fluid domain heat exchange and calculating integral coupling heat exchange, wherein the heat exchange of a tube pass adopts an empirical formula, grid division software such as Ican and Workbench is adopted, a plurality of calculation nodes are divided on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube along the length direction of the heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange coefficient on each node is calculated in the node direction of each inner wall surface; the shell-side heat exchange coefficient is calculated by dividing a calculation grid in a shell-side fluid domain and performing shell-side flow heat exchange solution in a numerical simulation calculation mode; the heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube is calculated according to the heat conduction principle of metal; and finally, solving the heat exchange relation by the equal heat flux of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange pipe to obtain the inner heat exchange condition and the outer heat exchange condition of the calculation node. The invention realizes simplified simulation calculation in the tube pass of the large-scale variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger and accurate calculation of shell-pass flow heat exchange.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shell-and-tube heat exchange, in particular to a design calculation method of a large variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is also called a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The dividing wall type heat exchanger takes the wall surface of the tube bundle sealed in the shell as a heat transfer surface. The heat exchanger has simple structure, low cost, wider flow cross section and easy scale cleaning; but has low heat transfer coefficient and large occupied area. The common shell-and-tube heat exchanger is generally a metal shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and heat exchange between tube-side fluid and shell-side fluid is realized by welding a plurality of metal tubes to a metal tube plate and arranging a baffle plate on a shell side.
The large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchanger can generally comprise hundreds to thousands of metal tubes, and the design of the existing shell-and-tube heat exchanger generally comprises heat exchange empirical formula design and numerical simulation design. The heat exchange empirical formula design firstly calculates the heat exchange coefficient of a tube pass according to the physical property of a tube pass fluid and the flow geometric condition of the tube pass, then calculates the heat exchange coefficient of a shell pass according to the physical property of the shell pass fluid and the flow geometric condition of the shell pass, and further calculates the whole heat exchange area according to the heat exchange coefficients at two sides. The numerical simulation design firstly establishes a fluid-solid model of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and designs the structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to the heat exchange result of the numerical simulation by calculating the flow heat exchange and the fluid-solid coupling heat exchange of the fluid at two sides.
The existing heat exchange empirical formula design method and the numerical simulation design method have the following problems:
1. for the working condition that the shell pass has the baffle plate, the heat exchange empirical formula design method has lower accuracy because the shell pass fluid flow is more complicated than the flow in the pipe.
2. The heat exchange empirical formula design method adopts the integral average physical property to calculate an integral heat exchange coefficient, and cannot consider the locally changed heat exchange coefficient of the variable physical property fluid, so that the design accuracy is reduced.
3. For a large shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the tube-side flow calculation and the shell-side flow calculation require considerable calculation amount, and the calculation time and the cost are relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design calculation method of a large-scale variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which combines calculation of tube pass experience correlation and shell pass numerical simulation calculation, on one hand, a variable-physical-property fluid on-pass heat exchange coefficient in a tube pass is calculated by using a heat exchange experience formula, on the other hand, a flowing heat exchange condition of the shell pass is calculated by using a numerical simulation method, and finally, node coupling heat exchange on a tube wall is calculated based on heat flux equality, so that heat exchange in the tube pass and heat exchange in the shell pass are coupled, and the simplified simulation calculation in the tube pass of the large-scale variable-physical-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the accurate calculation of the flowing heat exchange of the shell pass are realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention mainly comprises three parts: tube side heat exchange calculation, heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube, shell side fluid domain heat exchange calculation and integral coupling heat exchange calculation. The heat exchange of the tube pass adopts an empirical formula, the change of physical properties of fluid in the tube along the pass is considered, grid division software such as Ican and Workbench is adopted for different positions in the flow direction, a plurality of calculation nodes are divided on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube along the length direction of the heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange coefficients on the nodes are calculated one by one in the node direction of each inner wall surface by adopting an empirical correlation formula of the heat exchange coefficients of the fluid in the tube; the shell-side heat exchange coefficient is calculated by dividing a calculation grid in a shell-side fluid domain and performing shell-side flow heat exchange solution in a numerical simulation calculation mode; the heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube is calculated according to the heat conduction principle of metal; and finally, solving the heat exchange relation by the equal heat flux of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange pipe to obtain the inner heat exchange condition and the outer heat exchange condition of the calculation node.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) establishing a large-scale heat exchanger model by utilizing UG (user generated) software, Solidworks software and other software, wherein the model comprises a heat exchange tube solid area and a shell side fluid area;
step 2) carrying out mesh division on the heat exchange pipe solid region and the shell side fluid region by using mesh division software such as Imem, Workbench and the like to create a computing node;
step 3) introducing the grid files of the solid area and the shell-side fluid area of the heat exchange tube into fluid or CFX (computational fluid X) and other computational fluid software;
step 4) compiling a self-defined calculation program for the heat exchange of the flow in the heat exchange tube, wherein the calculation program comprises heat exchange coefficient empirical correlation calculation and tube pass fluid inlet parameters, the program is led into Fluent or CFX software, and parameters such as shell pass fluid inlet parameters, fluid physical properties and solid physical properties are set;
step 5), when calculation is started, firstly, the temperature of each calculation node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube is assumed;
step 6) calculating the temperature of a node and the main flow temperature of the fluid by combining the current inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube from the tube side fluid inlet by using the empirical correlation of the heat exchange coefficients flowing in the tube, and calculating the heat exchange coefficients of all the calculation nodes on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube;
step 7) calculating the heat flux density of each calculation node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange coefficient of each calculation node, the current inner wall surface calculation node temperature of the heat exchange tube and the fluid main stream temperature;
step 8), calculating the fluid main flow temperature of each heat exchange tube inner wall surface calculation node by subtracting the heat flow sum on the front calculation node from the tube side fluid inlet enthalpy;
step 9), directly adopting Fluent or CFX to solve control equations on the heat exchange tube and the shell side fluid domain by heat conduction calculation and flow heat exchange calculation of the shell side fluid domain of the heat exchange tube to obtain heat flow density of each calculation node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube calculated based on flow heat exchange of the shell side fluid domain;
step 10), the heat flow density of each calculation node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube calculated in the step 7) and the step 9) should be equal. And if not, correcting the temperature of the calculated nodes on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube by using the heat flow density of each calculated node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube calculated in the step 9), and repeating the steps from the step 5) to the step 10) until the heat flow density of each calculated node on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube calculated in the steps 7) and 9) is equal, thereby completing the calculation of the flowing heat exchange of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. the variable property fluid heat exchange coefficient at a certain position of the tube pass is calculated by adopting an experience correlation and a tube pass node dividing mode, so that the calculation accuracy of the variable property shell-and-tube heat exchanger is improved.
2. By adopting an experience correlation and a mode of dividing the tube pass into nodes, the numerical simulation calculation of the tube pass fluid region is omitted, and the design calculation time of the large shell-and-tube heat exchanger is greatly saved.
3. The method reserves the numerical simulation calculation of the shell-side fluid region, and improves the shell-side flow calculation accuracy under the condition of the baffle plate compared with the shell-side heat exchange correlation calculation mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a design calculation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, the design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger is characterized in that the main structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a shell 1, a tube box 2, heat exchange tubes 3, baffle plates 4 and a tube plate 5, and a fluid flow area is divided into a shell-side fluid area 7 and a tube-side fluid area 8. The tube pass fluid enters the tube box 2 through the tube pass inlet, is distributed into each heat exchange tube 3, enters the tube box at the other side from the inside of the heat exchange tube 3 and flows out of the heat exchanger; the shell-side fluid enters the shell from a shell-side inlet on the shell 1, flows outside the heat exchange tubes 3, and then flows out of the shell from a shell-side outlet. The baffle plate 4 has the effects of disturbing the flow of shell-side fluid and enhancing shell-side heat exchange.
The method comprises the following three parts: the method comprises the following steps of calculating tube side heat exchange, calculating heat conduction of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of a heat exchange tube 3, calculating heat exchange of a shell side fluid domain 7, calculating integral coupling heat exchange, adopting an empirical formula for heat exchange of a tube side, considering variation of physical properties of fluid in the tube along the path, adopting grid division software such as Ican and Workbench and the like for different positions in the flow direction, dividing a plurality of calculation nodes on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube 3 along the length direction of the heat exchange tube 3, and calculating heat exchange coefficients on the nodes 6 one by adopting an empirical correlation formula of heat exchange coefficients flowing in the tube in the direction of each inner wall surface node; the shell-side heat exchange coefficient is calculated by dividing a calculation grid in a shell-side fluid domain 7 and solving the shell-side flow heat exchange in a numerical simulation calculation mode; the heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube 3 is calculated by the heat conduction principle of metal; and finally, solving the heat exchange relation by the equal heat flux of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube 3 to obtain the inner heat exchange condition and the outer heat exchange condition of the calculation node 6.
The carbon dioxide flow inside the tube and the water flow outside the tube will be described as examples.
Firstly, UG is utilized to establish a model containing a heat exchange tube and a shell side fluid domain, Workbench is adopted to divide the model into grids, the grids are led into Fluent, a carbon dioxide heat exchange self-defining calculation program in the heat exchange tube is compiled, and the calculation program is compiled into Fluent. For the calculation node (6), the heat exchange of the tube pass is calculated by adopting a carbon dioxide heat exchange experience correlation formula, namely:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is CO2The heat transfer coefficient at this point is determined by the wall temperature Tw,xAnd the main stream temperature T of carbon dioxideCO2,xAnd (3) calculating the determined physical properties of the carbon dioxide:
main stream temperature T of carbon dioxideCO2,xFrom the inlet temperature T of carbon dioxideCO2,inAnd heat exchange decision before the compute node (6):
the heat flux density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) is calculated by a user-defined calculation program by preliminarily assuming the temperature of the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3).
The heat conduction calculation of the heat exchange tube (3) is realized by solving a heat conduction equation, the flowing heat exchange of the water in the shell pass fluid domain (7) is realized by solving a continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation, and the numerical simulation calculation is directly carried out by Fluent to obtain the heat flow density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3).
The wall surface temperature T is obtained by solving the equal heat flux density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3)w,xAnd further, coupling heat exchange of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface is realized, and coupling calculation of the empirical correlation of the tube pass and the numerical simulation of the shell pass is achieved.
Claims (10)
1. A design calculation method for a large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises the following three parts: tube side heat exchange calculation, heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of a heat exchange tube (3), heat exchange calculation of a shell side fluid domain (7) and integral coupling heat exchange calculation are characterized in that the heat exchange of the tube side adopts an empirical formula, the change of the physical property of the fluid in the tube along the path is considered, grid division software such as Ican and Workbench is adopted aiming at different positions in the flow direction, a plurality of calculation nodes are divided on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) along the length direction of the heat exchange tube (3), and the heat exchange coefficients on the nodes (6) are calculated one by adopting an empirical correlation formula of the heat exchange coefficients flowing in the tube in the node direction of each inner wall surface; the shell-side heat exchange coefficient is solved by dividing a calculation grid in a shell-side fluid domain (7) and performing shell-side flow heat exchange in a numerical simulation calculation mode; the heat conduction calculation of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) is carried out by the heat conduction principle of metal; finally, solving the heat exchange relation through the equal heat flux of the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) to obtain the inner heat exchange condition and the outer heat exchange condition at the calculation node (6);
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) establishing a large-scale heat exchanger model by utilizing UG (user generated) and Solidworks software and the like, wherein the model comprises a heat exchange tube (3) solid area and a shell side fluid area (7);
step 2) carrying out mesh division on a solid area and a shell-side fluid area (7) of the heat exchange pipe (3) by using mesh division software such as Imem, Workbench and the like to create a computing node;
step 3) introducing the grid files of the solid area and the shell-side fluid area (7) of the heat exchange tube (3) into fluid or CFX (computational fluid X) and other computational fluid software;
step 4), compiling a calculation program for heat exchange of flow in the heat exchange tube (3), introducing the program into Fluent or CFX software, and setting parameters such as shell-side fluid inlet parameters, fluid physical properties and solid physical properties;
step 5), when calculation is started, firstly, the temperature of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) is assumed;
step 6) calculating the temperature of each calculation node (6) and the main flow temperature of the fluid by combining the current inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) from the tube side fluid inlet by using the empirical correlation of the heat exchange coefficient flowing in the tube, and calculating the heat exchange coefficient of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3);
step 7) calculating the node temperature and the fluid main flow temperature based on the heat exchange coefficient of each calculation node and the current inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3), and calculating the heat flow density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3);
step 8), calculating the total heat flow sum on the front calculation node by subtracting the enthalpy of the fluid inlet of the tube side from the fluid main flow temperature of the calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of each heat exchange tube (3);
step 9), directly adopting Fluent or CFX to solve control equations on the heat exchange tube (3) and the shell-side fluid domain (7) for heat conduction calculation of the heat exchange tube (3) and flow heat exchange calculation of the shell-side fluid domain (7), and obtaining the heat flow density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) based on flow heat exchange calculation of the shell-side fluid domain (7);
step 10), the heat flux density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) calculated in the steps 7) and 9) is equal, if the heat flux density is not equal, the heat flux density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) calculated in the step 9) is used for correcting the temperature of the calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3), the steps 5) to 10 are repeated until the heat flux density of each calculation node (6) on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube (3) calculated in the steps 7) and 9) is equal, and the flowing heat exchange calculation of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is completed.
2. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the calculation program comprises heat exchange coefficient empirical correlation calculation and tube pass fluid inlet parameters.
3. The design calculation method of a large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in step 5), the temperature is an average value of the tube-side fluid inlet temperature and the shell-side fluid inlet temperature.
4. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the written calculation program for the flowing heat exchange in the tube is embedded into fluent software in a compiling mode.
5. The design and calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the heat exchange coefficients of the calculation nodes on the inner wall surface of the heat exchange tube are calculated by a program by using an empirical correlation of the heat exchange coefficients.
6. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the calculation nodes are uniformly distributed along the axial flow direction.
7. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the experimental correlation with the heat exchange coefficient flowing in the tube is similar to the current heat exchange tube in size.
8. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the fluid main flow temperature of the calculation node of the inner wall surface at the inlet of the heat exchange tube is the tube side fluid inlet temperature.
9. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-physical shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the physical property setting of the variable-physical fluid is introduced into the software by fitting the data of the nist database into a multi-segment linear equation.
10. The design calculation method of the large-scale variable-property shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9), the control equation comprises a fluid continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation.
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| CN115017674A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-06 | 成都工元科技有限公司 | Modelica-based shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling simulation method |
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| CN115017674A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-06 | 成都工元科技有限公司 | Modelica-based shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling simulation method |
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| CN117634099A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN117634099B (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-05-17 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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