CN115017674B - Modeling simulation method for shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica - Google Patents
Modeling simulation method for shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modeling simulation method of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica, which comprises the following steps: s1, decomposing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to obtain a corresponding model library architecture; s2, determining an interface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to the outside and an interface for mutual data transmission between parts of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger; s3, dispersing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger; s4, establishing a basic level model, wherein the basic level model comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model, a heat exchange model and a pipe wall model; s5, calling different basic level models to form a component level model; s6, based on the component level model, building a shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system according to the physical topology and the operation condition of the actual shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The invention can realize fine, quick, universal and easy-to-use tube-shell heat exchanger analysis, and can reduce the research and development period and the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, in particular to a modeling simulation method of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica.
Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is typical heat exchange equipment, has wide application in the fields of energy, machinery, ships, aviation and aerospace, is an important component equipment of a plurality of systems, and provides important technical support for the development and design of the systems in the fields of energy, machinery, ships, aviation and aerospace by researching the dynamic characteristics of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Complex phase change, flow and heat transfer phenomena such as fluid flow, condensation and heat exchange exist in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Relates to the fields of fluid, heat transfer science, control science and the like. And the internal heat exchange flow phenomenon has high coupling phenomenon, the heat exchange, the flow and the heat transfer are mutually influenced, and the model equation is seriously nonlinear.
Currently, when calculating the dynamic characteristics of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, two main approaches exist:
1. empirical formula substitution method: and the flow and heat transfer phenomena in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are replaced and simplified by adopting an empirical formula. The method can calculate the internal dynamic characteristics of the heat exchanger faster, but the calculation result and the precision can not meet the requirement of the fine design of the system due to the adoption of a simplified method.
2. Finite element method: and carrying out fine simulation on flow and heat transfer in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger by adopting finite element software. The method can accurately calculate the internal dynamic characteristics of the heat exchanger, but has slower calculation speed, meanwhile, each shell-and-tube heat exchanger needs to be divided into cells according to the actual structure due to the characteristics of the finite element method, the method has no universality, has slower analysis and simulation speed, and cannot meet the requirement of rapid design.
In summary, the conventional tube-shell heat exchanger analysis method cannot meet the requirements of rapid design and fine analysis in system design, and has no versatility. Therefore, a modeling method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which can describe nonlinear coupling phenomenon in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and has the advantages of easiness in use and universality, needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger calculation method cannot simultaneously process serious nonlinear coupling and give consideration to usability and universality, the invention provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling simulation method based on Modelica, which adopts Modelica language to model the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and applies the Modelica language to modeling and simulation of a complex pipe network system, so that the comprehensive performance of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be conveniently analyzed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a modeling simulation method of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica comprises the following steps:
s1, decomposing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to obtain a corresponding model library architecture;
s2, determining an interface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to the outside and an interface for mutual data transmission between parts of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
s3, dispersing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, introducing a state variable which changes along with time in a volume-flow resistance dispersing mode, and directly obtaining the variable by an integration method without solving a nonlinear equation;
s4, a basic level model is established, the basic level model comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model, a heat exchange model and a pipe wall model, wherein the volume model is used for describing the volume benefits of a shell side and a pipe side node of the shell-and-pipe type heat exchanger, the flow resistance model is used for describing the flow resistance of pipe side liquid, the heat exchange model is used for describing a heat exchange relation between the pipe side, the shell side and a wall surface, and the pipe wall model is used for describing a relation of pipe wall solid heat transfer and a relation of stored heat;
s5, calling different basic level models to form a component level model;
s6, based on the component level model, building a shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system according to the physical topology and the operation condition of the actual shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Further, in step S1, decomposing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes splitting the shell-and-tube heat exchanger from a physical level into: a system level comprising a shell-and-tube heat exchanger model, a boundary and a component level connection relationship; the component stage comprises a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a device stage connection relation; and the basic stage comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model and a basic stage connection relation.
Further, in step S2, the data exchanged between the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the outside includes: the tube side and the shell side are in fluid communication with the outside.
Further, in step S2, the data exchanged between the components of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes: heat exchange between the tube side and the tube wall, between the tube wall and the shell side.
Further, in step S3, discretizing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes: each node on the tube side exchanges heat with each node on the tube wall, and each node on the tube wall exchanges heat with the shell side.
Further, in step S3, introducing a state variable that varies with time includes: the pressure and enthalpy values of the tube-side nodes are used as state variables.
Further, the volume model needs to derive a mass conservation equation and an energy conservation equation to obtain a specific relation of the derivatives of the pressure and the enthalpy values.
Further, the flow resistance model is packaged with flow resistance calculation formulas of different media under different working conditions, and the flow resistance calculation formulas are used for calling according to different requirements.
Further, the heat exchange model is packaged with heat exchange coefficient calculation formulas of different media under different working conditions, and the heat exchange coefficient calculation formulas are used for calling according to different requirements.
Further, the pipe wall model is packaged with calculation formulas of different wall materials and wall types, and the calculation formulas are used for calling according to different requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is based on a Modelica modeling mechanism, adopts non-causal modeling, builds a model without giving specific solving principles and solving steps, only gives specific physical phenomenon equations of the model, and can automatically carry out protocol solving on the existing equations when solving the model.
(2) The fineness of the model description internal physical phenomenon is improved by adopting a plurality of discrete models, meanwhile, a state variable which changes along with time is introduced by adopting a volume model, and the variable can be directly integrated without solving a nonlinear equation by adopting an integration method, so that the nonlinearity of the model is reduced.
(3) And the mode of drag modeling is adopted, and the modeling process is simple to operate.
(4) By adopting the replaceable reuse class, the component model can call different basic level models, so that the modeling of shell-and-tube heat exchangers in different forms is satisfied, and the usability and the universality of the modeling are improved.
(5) Modeling and simulation of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are applied to Modelica language, and comprehensive performance of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be conveniently analyzed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a model library architecture of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger model in a specific discrete form according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a tube wall model diagram of a shell and tube heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of water temperature node distribution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a modeling simulation method of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica, which combines a modeling simulation theory of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger modeling system with a Modelica technical system and is used for dynamic simulation analysis of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The Modelica language is an open, object-oriented and equation-based computer language, can span different fields, can conveniently realize modeling of multiple fields of machinery, electronics, electricity, hydraulic pressure, heat and control of a complex physical system, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like. The Modelica language is applied to modeling and simulation of a complex pipe network system, and the comprehensive performance of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be conveniently analyzed.
The modeling simulation method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, decomposing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to obtain a corresponding model library framework.
The model library architecture of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is shown in fig. 1, and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is split into the following components by a physical level: a system level comprising a shell-and-tube heat exchanger model, a boundary and a component level connection relationship; the component stage comprises a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a device stage connection relation; and the basic stage comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model and a basic stage connection relation.
S2, determining an interface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to the outside and an interface of mutual data transmission among the parts of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Preferably, the data transmission interfaces between the individual component-level models of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and to the outside are defined. According to the actual physical topology of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the data exchanged between the components are heat exchange between the tube side and the tube wall, between the tube wall and the shell side, and between the data exchanged with the outside is fluid exchange between the tube side and the shell side and the outside, and the exchange data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
S3, dispersing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, introducing a state variable which changes along with time in a volume-flow resistance dispersing mode, and directly obtaining the variable by an integration method without solving a nonlinear equation.
Because the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be equivalently a large-volume heat exchange space, the tube side is a heat exchange tube bundle, and the physical state of the fluid in the shell side is not changed greatly, but the physical state of the fluid in the tube side is changed greatly. In order to reduce the influence of the physical state change of the fluid in the tube side on the simulation result, the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are scattered.
On the tube side, the mass flow of the fluid is determined by the head (i.e., energy per weight of fluid) passing through the tube side, while the heat exchange amount, pressure drop, and mass flow of the fluid are related to each other, and the mass flow, pressure, heat transfer amount, and temperature of the fluid are highly coupled to each other, increasing the nonlinearity of the model. Therefore, the discrete mode of volume-flow resistance is adopted, the pressure and enthalpy (temperature) of the pipe side node are used as state variables, and the nonlinear coupling degree is reduced by introducing integration.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a specific discrete form of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger model, each node on the tube side exchanges heat with each node on the tube wall, and each node on the tube wall exchanges heat with the shell side.
S4, a basic level model is established, the basic level model comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model, a heat exchange model and a pipe wall model, wherein the volume model is used for describing the volume benefits of a shell side and a pipe side node of the shell-and-pipe type heat exchanger, the flow resistance model is used for describing the flow resistance of pipe side liquid, the heat exchange model is used for describing a heat exchange relation between the pipe side, the shell side and a wall surface, and the pipe wall model is used for describing a relation of pipe wall solid heat transfer and a relation of stored heat.
Preferably, to increase the state variable, the volume model needs to derive a mass conservation equation and an energy conservation equation to obtain a specific relation of the derivatives of the pressure and the enthalpy values.
Preferably, a method of replacing reuse class is adopted, and the flow resistance model is packaged with flow resistance calculation formulas of different media under different working conditions and is used for calling according to different requirements so as to improve reusability of the model.
Preferably, a method capable of replacing reuse types is adopted, and a heat exchange coefficient calculation formula of different media under different working conditions is packaged in the heat exchange model and is used for calling according to different requirements so as to improve reusability of the model.
Preferably, a method of replacing reuse types is adopted, and the wall model is packaged with calculation formulas of different wall materials and wall types, so that the calculation formulas are used for calling according to different requirements, and reusability of the model is improved.
S5, calling different basic level models to form a component level model.
Fig. 3 shows a tube wall model diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which calls two heat exchange interfaces according to a basic level connection relationship, and simultaneously calls a geometric model, a thermal resistance and heat capacity model and an internal heat source model. By calling the basic level model, the tube wall model of the tube-shell heat exchanger can describe the phenomena of heat exchange, heat capacity and thermal resistance of tube walls of different types and different materials.
S6, based on the component level model, building a shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system according to the physical topology and the operation condition of the actual shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 shows a model diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, wherein the tube side and the tube wall are connected through a heat exchange interface, the tube wall and the shell side are also connected through the heat exchange interface, the shell side is provided with a steam extraction interface and a drainage interface with the outside, and the tube side is provided with a tube side inlet and a tube outlet with the outside.
Preferably, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system is built according to the actual operation condition of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, as shown in fig. 5. After the simulation system is built, simulation is started at time t=0 seconds and terminated at time t=10000 seconds using the DASSL integration method. As shown in FIG. 6, the water temperature node distribution diagram is shown, the abscissa in the diagram is time (unit: second), the ordinate is temperature (unit: centigrade), each curve represents the time-dependent change of the temperature of different nodes, and as can be seen from FIG. 6, the simulation system can better simulate the temperature rising process of cooling water in the heat exchanger, and can better describe the fine analysis requirement of the model. In addition, the time spent in the simulation process is 2.78 seconds, so that the simulation system has a better solving speed and can better meet the simulation speed requirement required by rapid design.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The modeling simulation method for the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, decomposing a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to obtain a corresponding model library architecture;
s2, determining an interface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger to the outside and an interface of mutual data transmission between parts of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
s3, dispersing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, introducing a state variable which changes along with time in a volume-flow resistance dispersing mode, and directly obtaining the variable by an integration method without solving a nonlinear equation;
s4, establishing a basic level model, wherein the basic level model comprises a volume model, a flow resistance model, a heat exchange model and a pipe wall model, the volume model is used for describing the volume benefits of a shell side and a pipe side node of the shell-and-pipe heat exchanger, the flow resistance model is used for describing the flow resistance of pipe side liquid, the heat exchange model is used for describing a heat exchange relation between the pipe side and the shell side and a wall surface, and the pipe wall model is used for describing a relation of pipe wall solid heat transfer and a relation of stored heat;
s5, calling different basic level models to form a component level model;
s6, building a shell-and-tube heat exchanger simulation system based on the component level model according to the physical topology and the operation condition of the actual shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
in step S1, decomposing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes splitting the shell-and-tube heat exchanger from a physical level into: a system level comprising a shell-and-tube heat exchanger model, a boundary and a component level connection relationship; the component stage comprises a shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a device stage connection relation; a base stage comprising a volume model, a flow resistance model and a base stage connection relationship;
in step S2, the data exchanged between the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the outside includes: the tube side and the shell side are in fluid communication with the outside;
in step S2, the data exchanged between the components of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes: heat exchange between the tube side and the tube wall, between the tube wall and the shell side;
in step S3, discretizing the tube side and the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises: each node on the pipe side exchanges heat with each node on the pipe wall, and each node on the pipe wall exchanges heat with the shell side;
in step S3, introducing a time-varying state variable includes: the pressure and enthalpy values of the tube-side nodes are used as state variables.
2. The modeling simulation method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica according to claim 1, wherein the volume model needs to conduct a mass conservation equation and an energy conservation equation to obtain a specific relation of derivatives of pressure and enthalpy values.
3. The modeling simulation method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica according to claim 1, wherein the flow resistance model is packaged with flow resistance calculation formulas of different media under different working conditions for calling according to different requirements.
4. The modeling simulation method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange model is packaged with heat exchange coefficient calculation formulas of different media under different working conditions for calling according to different requirements.
5. The modeling simulation method of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger based on Modelica according to claim 1, wherein the tube wall model is packaged with calculation formulas of different wall materials and wall types for calling according to different requirements.
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| CN117521426B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-03-26 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Modeling method, device and medium for supercritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat exchanger |
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