CN114046751A - Foundation pile rock-socketed depth detection method based on directional sound wave method - Google Patents
Foundation pile rock-socketed depth detection method based on directional sound wave method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the socketed depth of a foundation pile based on a directional sound wave method, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting a plurality of detection points in a detection hole on the foundation pile; s2: detecting a plurality of detection points by using an energy converter with a directional sound wave transmitting function and a sound wave receiving function in the same direction to obtain a oscillogram; s3: eliminating interference waves by directional sound waves to obtain a reflected wave dimming diagram; s4: intercepting interface echo areas from the reflection intensity graph to obtain normalized reflection energy coefficients r of the interface echo areas; s5: taking the depth of the detection hole as a vertical coordinate and r as a horizontal coordinate to obtain a curve graph; s6: the depth of the rock-embedding surface is determined by the obvious mutation in the curve or the longitudinal coordinate value at the inflection point. The invention utilizes an ultrasonic reflection method to detect the rock-socketed depth of the cast-in-place concrete pile, and provides an important reference index for the uplift resistance evaluation of the building foundation pile; the transducer with the functions of directionally transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves is adopted, so that the difficulty of identifying reflected waves by the eccentric detection hole is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of socketed depth detection, and particularly relates to a bedpile socketed depth detection method based on a directional sound wave method.
Background
The building foundation pile is an important factor for determining the stability and safety of the building, and when the underground water level is high and the size of the basement is large, the water buoyancy may be larger than the sum of the dead weight and the weight of the building, so that the structural stability of the building is influenced. The stratum includes soil horizon and rock mass layer, and the soil horizon is located the rock mass layer top, and foundation pile resistance to plucking bearing capacity mainly comprises resistance to plucking that the soil body provided and the resistance to plucking that the rock mass of rock-socketed end provided and self dead weight these triplex, and wherein the resistance to plucking that the rock mass provided is the main factor that influences the resistance to plucking bearing capacity of foundation pile. The foundation pile pulling resistance is mainly detected through modes of pulling resistance static load test, self-balancing test and the like, the static load test has high failure rate, wastes time and labor, has high equipment cost and is difficult to operate. And the important parameter for measuring the uplift resistance of the rock mass at the rock-socketed end is the depth of the foundation pile embedded into the rock mass layer, namely the rock-socketed depth. Further, the interface of the soil layer and the rock layer is the interface of the medium weathered layer and the strong weathered layer. However, the rock-socketed depth cannot be detected by the existing quality detection methods for the concrete cast-in-place pile, such as a low-strain method, a core drilling method, a high-strain method, a static load method and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for detecting the socketed depth of a foundation pile based on a directional sound wave method, which is used for detecting the socketed depth of a concrete pouring pile by utilizing an ultrasonic reflection method and providing an important reference index for the uplift resistance evaluation of a building foundation pile; the detection method is simple and easy to operate, and has low detection cost, high efficiency and high accuracy; the core drilling hole drilled by the core drilling method can be used as a detection hole detected by the ultrasonic method, and the detection hole does not need to be additionally drilled; it should be noted that: the core drilling hole in the engineering practice is generally not in the center of the foundation pile, and has an uncertain eccentric distance; therefore, due to the difference of reflection distances in different directions of the non-directional sound waves transmitted and received in the eccentric hole, the arrival time of the fastest and slowest reflected waves has larger time difference, and the reflected wave region is difficult to judge; the transducer with the functions of directionally transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves is adopted, so that the time difference between the arrival time of the fastest reflected wave and the arrival time of the slowest reflected wave is reduced, the difficulty of identifying the reflected wave is reduced, and the accuracy of intercepting the interface echo is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for detecting socketed depth of foundation piles based on a directional acoustic wave method comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting a plurality of detection points in a detection hole on the foundation pile;
step S2: detecting a plurality of detection points in a detection hole by using an energy converter with a directional sound wave transmitting function and a sound wave receiving function in the same direction to obtain a plurality of groups of oscillograms;
step S3: eliminating interference waves from the multiple groups of directional sound wave oscillograms received in the step S2 to obtain reflected wave dimming graphs;
step S4: intercepting the interface echo region from the reflected wave dimming map of step S3 to obtain the values of the normalized reflected energy coefficient r of the plurality of interface echo regions;
step S5: taking the depth of the detection hole as a vertical coordinate and the value of the normalized reflection energy coefficient r of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface as a horizontal coordinate to obtain a reflection coefficient curve graph;
step S6: judging the position of the rock-socketing surface according to the graph obtained in the step S5: and the depth of the rock-socketed surface is obtained by subtracting the depth of the rock-socketed surface from the length of the foundation pile.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the depth of the foundation pile is L1, the depth of the exploration hole is L2, and L2 is not less than L1.
The plurality of detection points are arranged at intervals along the depth direction of the detection hole.
In step S4, the position of the reflected wave is calculated from the size of the foundation pile and the propagation speed of the sound wave in the foundation pile, thereby determining the interface echo region, which is the sound wave reflected by the interface between the foundation pile and the surrounding rock.
The range of the transducer for directionally transmitting sound waves is 0-90 degrees.
The transducer comprises an insulator and a crystal for transmitting or receiving sound waves, the cross section of the crystal is in a sector ring shape, the cross section of the insulator is in a sector ring shape, the crystal and the insulator are connected into a structure with a ring-shaped cross section, and the central angle corresponding to the sector ring shape of the crystal is 0-90 degrees.
The diameter of the detection hole is 80 mm-120 mm.
For the foundation pile which is detected by the core drilling method, the core drilling hole drilled during the core drilling method can be used as the detection hole, and for the foundation pile without the core drilling hole, a detection hole needs to be drilled on the foundation pile.
The method for eliminating the interference wave in step S3 includes, but is not limited to, filtering, correlation, deconvolution, and modal decomposition.
In the step S4, the calculation formula of the normalized reflection energy coefficient r of each detection point foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface is as follows:
in the formula, r is a normalized reflection energy coefficient of a foundation pile and a surrounding rock interface;
R0-mean energy of acoustic waves at a reference interval in the foundation pile;
Rithe foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface reflect wave energy at the ith detection point;
wherein R is0Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Xij-the amplitude of the reflected wave at the moment j at the ith detection point;
n 1-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy calculation time interval starting point;
n 2-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy to calculate the time interval end;
n is the starting point of the measuring point of the normalized reference reflection coefficient energy calculation;
wherein R isiCalculated according to the following formula:
in the formula XijThe amplitude of a reflected wave of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the moment j of the ith detection point is measured;
m 1-starting point of the reflected wave energy calculation time interval of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point;
m 2-the end point of the time interval is calculated by the reflected wave energy of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: detecting the rock-socketed depth of the cast-in-place concrete pile by using an ultrasonic reflection method, and providing an important reference index for the uplift resistance evaluation of the building foundation pile; the detection method is simple and easy to operate, and has low detection cost, high efficiency and high accuracy; the core drilling hole drilled by the core drilling method can be used as a detection hole detected by the ultrasonic method, and the detection hole does not need to be additionally drilled; the transducer with the functions of directionally transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves is adopted, the difficulty of identifying reflected waves by the eccentric detection hole is reduced, the time difference between the arrival time of the fastest reflected waves and the arrival time of the slowest reflected waves is reduced, and the accuracy of intercepting the interface echo is improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a rock-socketed pile according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the crystal and insulator of the transducer of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of a directional reflection waveform of the present invention with a detection pitch of 0.1m in a 3.0m-15.8m hole of an actual inspection pile.
Fig. 4 is a reflection dimming diagram obtained by eliminating an interference wave by filtering and modal decomposition on the waveform diagram of fig. 3 in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a reflection coefficient graph showing the detection interval of 0.1m in a hole of 3.0m to 15.8m of an actual detection foundation pile according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The foundation pile 1 is a concrete cast-in-place pile. The detection method is a sound wave detection method, and the principle is as follows: the concrete cast-in-place pile is arranged in the ground layer and surrounded by surrounding rocks. The speed of the ultrasonic wave in the concrete pile is 3500-4500 m/s, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the highly weathered layer of the surrounding rock is low and is usually smaller than the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the concrete cast-in-place pile, and the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the weathered layer of the surrounding rock is high. The acoustic impedances of the concrete cast-in-place pile, the strongly weathered surrounding rock and the moderately weathered surrounding rock are obviously different, so that the interface reflection coefficient between the concrete cast-in-place pile and the strongly weathered surrounding rock is different from the interface reflection coefficient between the concrete cast-in-place pile and the moderately weathered surrounding rock, and reflected waves on the interface between the concrete pile and the strongly weathered surrounding rock or the interface between the concrete pile and the moderately weathered surrounding rock can be obtained by exciting and receiving the concrete cast-in-place pile and the moderately weathered surrounding rock at a certain depth point in a drill hole of the concrete cast-in-place pile through an ultrasonic probe. And setting the interface between the middle weathered surrounding rock and the strong weathered surrounding rock as a rock embedding surface 3 as shown in figure 1.
Setting the density of the concrete filling pile as rhoPile and its making methodThe speed of the ultrasonic wave in the concrete filling pile is VPile and its making method(ii) a The density of the strongly weathered surrounding rock is rhoHigh strengthThe speed of the ultrasonic wave in the strongly weathered surrounding rock is VHigh strength(ii) a The density of the moderately weathered surrounding rock is rhoInThe velocity of ultrasonic wave in the stroke formation surrounding rock is VIn. The parameters can be obtained by measurement or coring test before foundation pile construction, and then the acoustic impedance values of the concrete cast-in-place pile, the strongly weathered surrounding rock and the moderately weathered surrounding rock are respectively ZPile and its making method、ZHigh strength、ZIn。
Let the incident wave be s (t), the reflected wave be x (t), and the reflection coefficient of the foundation pile 1 and the surrounding rock be r, then x (t) r · s (t) is given.
Because the incident wave is transmitted in the concrete cast-in-place pile, and the time and the energy transmitted to the interface between the concrete cast-in-place pile and the strongly weathered surrounding rock are the same as the time and the energy transmitted to the interface between the concrete cast-in-place pile and the moderately weathered surrounding rock, the interface reflection coefficient is in direct proportion to the amplitude of the reflected wave or the intensity of the reflected wave.
Based on the principle, the reflected wave characteristics of different depths in the concrete cast-in-place pile can be acquired by utilizing the sound wave detection technology, so that the position of the rock-socketed surface 3 is judged. When the sound wave is used for detection, the sound wave transducer needs to be placed in a detection hole 2 in the concrete cast-in-place pile. However, during detection, it is difficult to ensure that the transducer is always located on the central line of the concrete cast-in-place pile, and the conventional radial transmitting and receiving ultrasonic transducers in the hole have no directivity, so that the distances from the interface reflected waves of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock to the receiving transducer are different, the reflected waves arrive at different times, and a time period exists between the fastest reflected wave arrival time and the slowest reflected wave arrival time, namely, time difference exists, so that the reflected waves are difficult to identify and select during subsequent analysis.
In the scheme, the directional acoustic wave transducer with the function of directionally transmitting acoustic waves is selected.
Based on the principle, the method for detecting the socketed depth of the foundation pile based on the directional sound wave method comprises the following steps:
step S1: a plurality of detection points are selected in a detection hole 2 on a foundation pile 1.
The depth of the foundation pile 1 is L1, the depth of the detection hole 2 is L2, and L1 is less than L2.
In this step, preferably, the detection hole 2 and the foundation pile 1 are concentric.
In this step, a plurality of detection points are arranged at intervals along the depth direction of the detection hole 2. The distance between adjacent detection points in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane is 100 mm.
The foundation pile 1 is a concrete cast-in-place pile, and a core drilling hole drilled during the core drilling method can be used as the detection hole 2 for the concrete cast-in-place pile subjected to the core drilling method detection. For a concrete cast-in-place pile without a core hole, an ultrasonic reflection method detection hole, namely the detection hole 2, needs to be drilled in the foundation pile 1. The drilling requirements can refer to the related requirements of the core drilling method.
The diameter of the detection hole 2 is 80 mm-120 mm, preferably 100 mm.
Step S2: the method comprises the steps of detecting a plurality of detection points in a detection hole 2 by using a transducer with a directional sound wave transmitting function and a sound wave receiving function in the same direction to obtain a plurality of groups of oscillograms, and setting the detection points at the positions with the depth of 3.0-15.8 m in the detection hole in a certain actual detection foundation pile, wherein the distance between every two adjacent detection points is 0.1m, and the distance between every two adjacent detection points is 3.0-15.8 m in the detection hole. Correspondingly, each detection point obtains a waveform image.
The acoustic wave transducer includes a transmitting end and a receiving end. Preferably, a connecting line of the transmitting end and the receiving end is parallel to a central line of the foundation pile 1, and the transmitting end is positioned above the receiving end. The distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end is 10-100 mm. Preferably, the excitation frequency of the acoustic wave transducer is 30kHz to 40 kHz.
Preferably, the range of the directional emission sound wave of the transducer is 0-90 degrees.
In this step, the transducer used comprises a crystal 4 and an insulator 5 of insulating material, the crystal 4 being used for transmitting or receiving sound waves. The cross section of the crystal 4 is in a fan-shaped ring shape, the cross section of the insulator 5 is in a fan-shaped ring shape, and the crystal 4 and the insulator 5 are connected into a structure with a ring-shaped cross section. The central angle beta corresponding to the sector ring of the crystal 4 is 0-90 degrees, and when sound wave emission is carried out, the sound wave emission range is 0-90 degrees.
Step S3: the interference wave elimination processing is performed on the multiple groups of oscillograms received in step S2 to obtain a reflected wave dimming map, as shown in fig. 4, so that the map can conveniently determine that the echo region is between two vertical dashed lines.
In step S3, the method for eliminating the interference wave includes filtering, correlation, deconvolution, modal decomposition, and the like. And after obtaining the reflection wave dimming map, calculating the position of the reflection wave according to the size of the foundation pile and the propagation speed of the sound wave in the foundation pile, thereby determining the interface echo region. The interface echo is sound wave reflected by an interface between the foundation pile and the surrounding rock. And the sound waves are transmitted from the transmitting end, reach the interface between the foundation pile and the surrounding rock, and are reflected by the interface between the foundation pile and the surrounding rock to form interface echoes, and the interface echoes reach the receiving end. The distance the sound wave travels from transmission to reflection by the interface back to the receiving end divided by the sound wave propagation velocity gives the time it takes for the interface echo to be reflected back to the transducer from transmission. Based on the principle, the position of the interface echo in the time domain oscillogram can be determined according to the time coordinate in the reflected wave dimming map, and a broken line intercepted part in fig. 4 is an interface echo area intercepted in practical application.
Step S4: intercepting the interface echo region from the reflected wave dimming map of step S3 to obtain the values of the normalized reflected energy coefficient r of the plurality of interface echo regions;
in the step, the calculation formula of the normalized reflection energy coefficient of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface at each detection point is as follows:
in the formula, r is a normalized reflection energy coefficient of a foundation pile and a surrounding rock interface;
R0-mean energy of acoustic waves at a reference interval within the concrete pile;
Rithe concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface reflect wave energy at the ith detection point;
wherein R is0Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula Xij-the amplitude of the reflected wave at the moment j at the ith detection point;
n 1-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy calculation time interval starting point;
n 2-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy to calculate the time interval end;
n is the starting point of the measuring point of the normalized reference reflection coefficient energy calculation;
wherein R isiCalculated according to the following formula:
in the formula XijThe amplitude of a reflected wave of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface at the moment j of the ith detection point is measured;
m 1-the starting point of the reflected wave energy calculation time interval of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point;
m 2-the end point of the time interval is calculated by the reflected wave energy of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point.
In summary, the start point and the end point of the reference reflected wave energy calculation time interval and the start point and the end point of the reflected wave energy calculation time interval of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface are easily determined from the reflected wave dimming map of step S3.
Therefore, a normalized reflection energy coefficient r value of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface is finally obtained according to the oscillogram of each detection point.
Step S5: taking the depth of the detection hole 2 as a vertical coordinate and the value of the normalized reflection energy coefficient r of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface as a horizontal coordinate, and obtaining a reflection coefficient curve chart as shown in fig. 5;
step S6: judging the position of the rock face 3 from the reflection coefficient graph obtained in step S5: the longitudinal coordinate value of the obvious mutation or the inflection point in the curve is the depth of the rock-socketed surface 3, the rock-socketed surface position of the foundation pile corresponding to fig. 5 is 11.9m, and the rock-socketed depth is 1.7m obtained by subtracting the depth of the rock-socketed surface 3 from the length of the foundation pile 1.
Preferably, the detection hole 2 is filled with clear water during detection.
Finally, it must be said here that: the above embodiments are only used for further detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the insubstantial modifications and adaptations made by those skilled in the art according to the above descriptions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the socketed depth of a foundation pile based on a directional acoustic wave method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: selecting a plurality of detection points in a detection hole (2) on the foundation pile (1);
step S2: detecting a plurality of detection points in the detection hole (2) by using an energy converter with a directional sound wave transmitting function and a sound wave receiving function in the same direction to obtain a plurality of groups of oscillograms;
step S3: eliminating interference waves from the multiple groups of directional sound wave oscillograms received in the step S2 to obtain reflected wave dimming graphs;
step S4: intercepting the interface echo region from the reflected wave dimming map of step S3 to obtain the values of the normalized reflected energy coefficient r of the plurality of interface echo regions;
step S5: taking the depth of the detection hole (2) as a vertical coordinate and the value of the normalized reflection energy coefficient r of the concrete pile and the surrounding rock interface as a horizontal coordinate to obtain a reflection coefficient curve graph;
step S6: judging the position of the rock surface (3) according to the graph obtained in the step S5: the depth of the rock-socketed face (3) is determined by the longitudinal coordinate value of the obvious sudden change or the inflection point in the curve, and the rock-socketed depth is obtained by subtracting the depth of the rock-socketed face (3) from the length of the foundation pile (1).
2. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the foundation pile (1) is L1, the depth of the detection hole (2) is L2, and L2 is not less than L1.
3. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plurality of detection points are arranged at intervals along the depth direction of the detection hole (2).
4. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S4, the position of the reflected wave is calculated from the size of the foundation pile and the propagation speed of the sound wave in the foundation pile, thereby determining the interface echo region, which is the sound wave reflected by the interface between the foundation pile and the surrounding rock.
5. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the range of the transducer for directionally transmitting sound waves is 0-90 degrees.
6. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the transducer comprises an insulator (5) and a crystal (4) used for transmitting or receiving sound waves, the cross section of the crystal (4) is in a sector ring shape, the cross section of the insulator (5) is in a sector ring shape, the crystal (4) and the insulator (5) are connected into a structure with a ring-shaped cross section, and the central angle corresponding to the sector ring shape where the crystal (4) is located is 0-90 degrees.
7. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the detection hole (2) is 80-120 mm.
8. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: for the foundation pile (1) which is detected by the core drilling method, the core drilling hole drilled during the core drilling method can be used as the detection hole (2), and for the foundation pile (1) without the core drilling hole, one detection hole (2) needs to be drilled on the foundation pile (1).
9. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for eliminating the interference wave in step S3 includes, but is not limited to, filtering, correlation, deconvolution, and modal decomposition.
10. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the calculation formula of the normalized reflection energy coefficient r of each detection point foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface is as follows:
in the formula, r is a normalized reflection energy coefficient of a foundation pile and a surrounding rock interface;
R0-mean energy of acoustic waves at a reference interval in the foundation pile;
Rithe foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface reflect wave energy at the ith detection point;
wherein R is0Calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, Xij-the amplitude of the reflected wave at the moment j at the ith detection point;
n 1-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy calculation time interval starting point;
n 2-the ith detection point position normalizes the reference reflected wave energy to calculate the time interval end;
n is the starting point of the measuring point of the normalized reference reflection coefficient energy calculation;
wherein R isiCalculated according to the following formula:
in the formula XijThe amplitude of a reflected wave of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the moment j of the ith detection point is measured;
m 1-starting point of the reflected wave energy calculation time interval of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point;
m 2-the end point of the time interval is calculated by the reflected wave energy of the foundation pile and the surrounding rock interface at the ith detection point.
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| 刘沣;: "低应变反射波法在桩基检测中的应用分析", 低碳世界, no. 11 * |
| 曾润忠;金晨;胡文韬;: "基于一维波动方程的桩基完整性检测方法", 铁道建筑, no. 06 * |
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