CN114044708A - Compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments - Google Patents

Compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114044708A
CN114044708A CN202111261540.1A CN202111261540A CN114044708A CN 114044708 A CN114044708 A CN 114044708A CN 202111261540 A CN202111261540 A CN 202111261540A CN 114044708 A CN114044708 A CN 114044708A
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compost
solid organic
organic waste
reactor
aeration
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CN202111261540.1A
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胡宝兰
赵宇翔
蔡晶婕
楼益诚
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
    • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments, which comprises the steps of putting solid organic waste to be composted into a reaction device communicated with the outside, and heating the solid organic waste in the reaction device to a set value; meanwhile, the bottom of the solid organic waste is uniformly aerated and supplied with oxygen; percolate generated in the composting process can be separated from the solid organic waste compost body in time so as to avoid forming an anaerobic area caused by percolate accumulation; when the gas component in the composting process needs to be detected, the reaction device is closed to enable the gas to be generated sufficiently, and then the gas is collected from the gas space above the reaction device so as to realize the detection of the gas component. The invention can realize the fine control of the composting process in a laboratory, and the reactor is internally provided with the micropore aeration module and the percolate separation module, thereby being convenient for maintaining the aerobic environment of a composting system. The external temperature control equipment can realize the simulation of the whole composting process and avoid the problems of substandard temperature and the like caused by undersize compost.

Description

Compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of compost, and particularly relates to a compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments.
Background
The amount of solid organic waste produced has increased rapidly, and by 2100 years the rate of production of solid organic waste may exceed 1100 million tons/day. The compost becomes an important mode for the biotransformation of organic wastes due to the factors of small secondary pollution, low operation cost and the like. During the mineralization and humation of the compost, microorganisms play an important role, but the activity and the abundance of indigenous microorganisms of the compost limit the further improvement of the composting efficiency. The added microbial agent and biological accelerant have been widely used in the process of strengthening the compost due to low cost and good effect.
However, the traditional composting equipment has the problems of poor repeatability, batch property, difficult large-batch experiment and the like due to the factors of large volume, large demand of fresh garbage, difficult pile turning and the like. The failure of batch experiments hinders the research on parameters such as the optimal addition combination, addition threshold and the like of the microbial agent and the biological promoter, and limits the efficiency improvement and the running cost reduction of the microbial agent. The lack of these parameters is also a significant cause of instability in the efficacy of the inoculum. Therefore, the composting simulation device which is easy to prepare, can be repeated and is beneficial to batch experiments is designed, the requirements of different experiments in the composting process such as refinement, repeatability and batch can be met, and the device has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the invention provides a compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments, which comprises the following steps:
putting solid organic waste to be composted into a reaction device communicated with the outside, and heating the solid organic waste in the reaction device to a set value so as to simulate different temperature changes in the composting process; meanwhile, the bottom of the solid organic waste is uniformly aerated and supplied with oxygen so as to meet the aeration requirements of the solid organic waste at different stages; percolate generated in the composting process can be separated from the solid organic waste compost body in time so as to avoid forming an anaerobic area caused by percolate accumulation; when the gas component in the composting process needs to be detected, the reaction device is closed to enable the gas to be generated sufficiently, and then the gas is collected from the gas space above the reaction device so as to realize the detection of the gas component.
Preferably, the aeration rate is 0.6l/min kg-1～0.9l/min kg-1。
Preferably, the reaction device comprises a reactor main body, a reactor cover plate and a temperature control device; the reactor main body is provided with a hollow inner cavity, the top of the reactor main body is sealed through a reactor cover plate, and the reactor cover plate is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes capable of being opened and closed; one end of the first through hole is externally connected with an aeration pump, the other end of the first through hole is communicated with microporous aeration pipes uniformly laid at the bottom of the reactor main body, and the aeration pump can supply air to the microporous aeration pipes; a microporous plate is arranged above the microporous aeration pipe, and divides the reactor main body into an upper composting area and a lower percolate area by the microporous plate, so that percolate generated by the solid organic waste in the composting area can flow to the percolate area through the microporous plate; the composting area of the reactor main body is provided with a heating device which can uniformly heat the solid organic waste, the heating device is externally connected with a temperature control device, and the heating temperature of the heating device is controlled by the temperature control device.
Further, the aeration amount is 0.6l/min kg-1～0.9l/min kg-1。
Further, heating device is the electric heat tape, and the electric heat tape is evenly wrapped up around the reactor main part to realize the even heating to solid organic waste.
Furthermore, the reactor main body is of a conical tank body structure with the cross section gradually enlarged from bottom to top, and is made of heat-resistant plastic.
Furthermore, a plate penetrating joint is arranged in the first through hole, one end of the plate penetrating joint is connected with a waterproof joint, and the waterproof joint is externally connected with an aeration pump through a pipeline; the other end of the plate penetrating joint is connected with an aeration pipe fixing pipe, and the aeration pipe fixing pipe is communicated with the micropore aeration pipe through an aeration pipe and an aeration tee joint in sequence.
Furthermore, the micropore aeration pipe is uniformly distributed and fixed at the bottom of the reactor main body through micropore aeration pipe fixing steel wires.
Furthermore, a plate penetrating joint is arranged in the second through hole, and one end of the plate penetrating joint is connected with a waterproof joint positioned outside the reactor cover plate; one end of the waterproof joint is hermetically connected with the plate penetrating joint, and the other end of the waterproof joint is provided with a detachable plug; when the plug is opened, the reaction device can be communicated with the outside, and when the plug is closed, the reaction device can be in a closed state.
Furthermore, the reactor cover plate is fixedly connected with the reactor main body through a plastic hoop.
Further, a detection device for measuring temperature and oxygen content can be installed in the second through hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
because the traditional laboratory composting equipment is large in volume, needs a large amount of fresh garbage and the like, research on the combination and threshold value of the microbial agent and the biological promoter in the composting process is limited. Meanwhile, due to the lack of devices which are easy to prepare, can be repeated and can be operated in batches in the prior art, the further improvement of the efficiency of the microbial inoculum is limited. Therefore, the invention discloses a composting simulation device which is low in preparation cost, high in experimental repeatability and convenient to run in large batch, and provides technical support for further researching different additive threshold values in the composting process and the like.
The invention can realize the fine control of the composting process in a laboratory, and the reaction device is internally provided with the micropore aeration module and the percolate separation module, thereby being convenient for maintaining the aerobic environment of a composting system. The external temperature control equipment can realize the simulation of the whole composting process and avoid the problems of substandard temperature and the like caused by undersize compost.
The invention is applied to a laboratory composting simulation experiment, 20 reactors are synchronously operated, the temperature is effectively controlled in the 13-day composting process, and the degradation rate can reach 60-70% on the 5 th day.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the reaction apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the structure of the reaction apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change inside the reaction apparatus during composting in accordance with the example;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the mass change of the pile inside the reactor during composting in accordance with the example;
in the figure: the system comprises a reaction device 1, a reactor cover plate 2, a temperature control device 3, a reactor main body 4, a plate penetrating connector 5, an aeration pipe fixing pipe 6, an aeration pipe 7, an aeration tee joint 8, a micropore aeration pipe fixing steel wire 9, a micropore aeration pipe 10, a micropore plate 11, an aeration pump 12, a plastic hoop 14, a waterproof connector 15, a plug 16 and a heating device 17.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The invention provides a compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments, which comprises the following steps:
the solid organic waste to be composted is put into a reaction apparatus 1 communicating with the outside, and then the solid organic waste in the reaction apparatus 1 is heated to a set value to simulate different temperature changes in the composting process. The set value can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Meanwhile, the bottom of the solid organic waste is uniformly aerated and supplied with oxygen so as to meet the aeration requirements of the solid organic waste at different stages. Percolate is gradually generated in the composting process, and the generated percolate can be separated from the solid organic waste compost main body in time so as to avoid forming an anaerobic area caused by percolate accumulation. When it is desired to detect the gaseous components in the composting process, the reaction device 1 is closed to allow sufficient gas generation, and then gas is collected from the gas space above the reaction device 1 to enable detection of the gaseous components.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, based on the compost simulation method, the invention also provides a reaction device used in the compost simulation method, and the reaction device is simple to install, uniform in aeration, controllable in temperature and convenient for batch small-scale experiments of compost. The reaction apparatus 1 mainly comprises a reactor main body 4, a reactor cover plate 2 and a temperature control device 3, and the structure and connection mode of each component will be specifically described below.
The reactor main body 4 is a structure with an open top and a hollow inner cavity, the reactor cover plate 2 is arranged on the open top, and the hollow inner cavity of the reactor main body 4 can be sealed through the reactor cover plate 2. In practical application, reactor main part 4 can set up to the conical tank body structure that the cross section is big gradually from lower to upper to the leachate that produces in the compost process can be along 4 inner walls landing to the bottom of reactor main part, and simultaneously, the preparation of the usable heat-resisting plastics of reactor main part 4 can further reduce the cost of manufacture of compost device when guaranteeing the effect. The reactor cover plate 2 can be fixedly connected with the reactor main body 4 through a plastic hoop 14.
The reactor cover plate 2 is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes capable of realizing opening and closing, the first through hole is used for connecting an aeration device, and the second through holes are used for controlling the closing or opening of the reactor main body 4. Wherein, the external aeration pump 12 of one end of first through-hole and external intercommunication, the other end and evenly lay the micropore aeration pipe 10 intercommunication of locating the reactor main part 4 bottom, aeration pump 12 can realize the air feed to micropore aeration pipe 10 to carry out the aeration oxygen suppliment through micropore aeration pipe 10 to solid organic waste's bottom.
In practical application, the oxygen content in the reactor can be adjusted by the aeration part to realize uniform gas distribution, and the aeration quantity in different stages of the composting process is about 0.6l/min kg-1To 0.9l/min kg-1And the aeration requirements at different stages are met by adjusting the aeration pump. Specifically, a plate penetrating joint 5 can be arranged in the first through hole, one end of the plate penetrating joint 5, which is communicated with the outside, is connected with a waterproof joint 15, and the waterproof joint 15 is externally connected with an aeration pump 12 through a pipeline; the other end of the plate penetrating joint 5 is connected with an aeration pipeFixed pipe 6, aeration pipe fixed pipe 6 connect aeration pipe 7, and aeration pipe 7 connects aeration tee bend 8, and aeration tee bend 8 and micropore aeration pipe 10 intercommunication afterwards. That is, the aeration pump 12 aerates and supplies oxygen to the bottom of the solid organic waste through the waterproof joint 15, the plate-through joint 5, the aeration pipe fixing pipe 6, the aeration pipe 7, the aeration tee joint 8 and the microporous aeration pipe 10 in sequence, so as to provide an aerobic environment for the stack. The microporous aeration pipe 10 can be uniformly distributed and fixed at the bottom of the reactor main body 4 through the microporous aeration pipe fixing steel wires 9, so as to realize the microporous aeration of the reactor body, and the aeration is more uniform.
In practical application, the second through hole can be provided with the plate penetrating connector 5, one end of the plate penetrating connector 5 communicated with the outside is connected with the waterproof connector 15, and the waterproof connector 15 is located outside the reactor cover plate 2. One end of the waterproof connector 15 is hermetically connected with the plate penetrating connector 5, and the other end is provided with a detachable plug 16. The communication between the reaction device 1 and the outside can be controlled by the plug 16, when the plug 16 is opened, the reaction device 1 can be communicated with the outside, and when the plug 16 is closed, the reaction device 1 can be in a closed state. The size of the second through hole should not be too small, and a detection device for measuring indexes such as temperature and oxygen content should be installed in the second through hole.
In order to realize the separation of the landfill leachate and the solid organic waste compost main body and further improve the aeration uniformity, a microporous plate 11 can be arranged at the lower part of the reactor main body 4. The micro porous plate 11 should be positioned above the micro porous aeration tube 10 and the micro porous plate 11 should completely cover the cross section of the reactor body 4 where it is positioned, dividing the reactor body 4 into an upper composting area and a lower leachate area, so that leachate generated from the solid organic waste in the composting area can flow to the leachate area through the micro porous plate 11.
Be equipped with in the compost region of reactor main part 4 and be equipped with the heating device 17 that can evenly heat solid organic waste, heating device 17 external temperature control device 3 through the heating temperature of 3 control heating device 17 of temperature control device, and then realize the accurate regulation and control of heap body temperature, overcome heap body undersize and lead to rising temperature not enough, the innoxious incomplete scheduling problem of compost. In practical application, the heating device 17 can be an electric heating belt which is uniformly wrapped around the reactor main body 4 so as to uniformly heat the solid organic waste.
Examples
This implementation is based on the structure of above-mentioned device, has carried out the compost simulation to solid organic waste. Specifically, in this example, 20 identical reaction apparatuses were operated simultaneously, and the reactor had an inner diameter of 105mm at the reactor opening, an upper diameter of 120mm, a lower diameter of 105mm, a total height of 125mm, a total volume of 1.2L, an effective volume of 1L, and an initial reactor volume of about 220 g. The temperature is controlled according to the temperature of the conventional compost, and the running days are 13 days.
The method comprises the following steps:
the solid organic waste to be composted is placed into the reaction device 1, the reaction device is heated by the electric heating tape, and the accurate control of different temperatures of the composts is realized by the temperature control device so as to simulate different temperature change processes of the composting process. The oxygen content in the reactor is adjusted by the aeration part to realize uniform gas distribution, and the aeration quantity in different stages of the composting process is about 0.6l/min kg-1To 0.9l/min kg-1And the aeration requirements at different stages are met by adjusting the aeration pump. The gas passes through the upper plate penetrating joint and passes through the aeration pipe fixing pipe, and then the aeration pipe realizes uniform gas distribution through the microporous aeration pipe.
When gas detection is not needed, the plug does not need to be installed on the waterproof connector, the reaction device is communicated with the outside, and the aeration pump is kept normally open. When gas is required to be collected, the plug is required to be plugged into the waterproof joints, the reaction device is kept in a sealed state, after the required time, the plug on one waterproof joint is pulled out, and the gas in the gas production pump and the gas bag collecting device is used.
In the composting reaction process, the generated landfill leachate permeates into the lower layer through the microporous aeration plate, so that an anaerobic area caused by leachate accumulation is avoided.
In the operation process of the device, the temperature change diagram inside the reaction device is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the diagram that all the devices can obtain better temperature rise effect, the days of the high temperature period (55 ℃) are more than 5 days, the harmlessness of the compost body is realized, and each compost body can be quickly reduced to the room temperature in the temperature reduction process to complete the whole composting process. The diagram of the change of the mass of the pile inside the reaction device is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from the diagram that all the devices can obtain a larger material reduction effect on the 5 th day, the total mass is reduced by 50-80%, and the compost reduction can be better realized.
Therefore, in the process of 13 days of composting, the temperature of 20 reactors synchronously operated in the embodiment is effectively controlled, and the degradation rate can reach 60-70% on the 5 th day.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments is characterized by comprising the following steps:
putting solid organic waste to be composted into a reaction device (1) communicated with the outside, and heating the solid organic waste in the reaction device (1) to a set value so as to simulate different temperature changes in the composting process; meanwhile, the bottom of the solid organic waste is uniformly aerated and supplied with oxygen so as to meet the aeration requirements of the solid organic waste at different stages; percolate generated in the composting process can be separated from the solid organic waste compost body in time so as to avoid forming an anaerobic area caused by percolate accumulation; when it is desired to detect the gaseous components in the composting process, the reaction device (1) is closed to allow sufficient gas generation, and the gas is subsequently collected from the gas space above the reaction device (1) to enable detection of the gaseous components.
2. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that said reaction device (1) comprises a reactor main body (4), a reactor cover plate (2) and a temperature control device (3); the reactor main body (4) is provided with a hollow inner cavity, the top of the reactor main body is sealed through a reactor cover plate (2), and the reactor cover plate (2) is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes capable of being opened and closed; one end of the first through hole is externally connected with an aeration pump (12), the other end of the first through hole is communicated with a microporous aeration pipe (10) uniformly paved at the bottom of the reactor main body (4), and the aeration pump (12) can aerate the bottom of the solid organic waste through the microporous aeration pipe (10); a microporous plate (11) is arranged above the microporous aeration pipe (10), the reactor main body (4) is divided into an upper composting area and a lower percolate area by the microporous plate (11), and percolate generated by the solid organic waste in the composting area can flow to the percolate area through the microporous plate (11); the reactor is characterized in that a heating device (17) capable of uniformly heating solid organic wastes is arranged in a composting area of the reactor main body (4), the heating device (17) is externally connected with a temperature control device (3), and the heating temperature of the heating device (17) is controlled through the temperature control device (3).
3. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said aeration amount is 0.6l/min kg-1～0.9l/min kg-1。
4. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments as claimed in claim 2, wherein said heating means (17) is an electric heating belt, which is uniformly wrapped around the reactor body (4) to achieve uniform heating of the solid organic waste.
5. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that the reactor main body (4) is a conical tank structure with a gradually increasing cross section from bottom to top, and the material is heat-resistant plastic.
6. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments according to claim 2, wherein a plate penetrating joint (5) is arranged in the first through hole, one end of the plate penetrating joint (5) is connected with a waterproof joint (15), and the waterproof joint (15) is externally connected with an aeration pump (12) through a pipeline; the other end of the plate penetrating joint (5) is connected with an aeration pipe fixing pipe (6), and the aeration pipe fixing pipe (6) is communicated with a microporous aeration pipe (10) sequentially through an aeration pipe (7) and an aeration tee joint (8).
7. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments as claimed in claim 2, wherein said microporous aeration pipes (10) are fixed to the bottom of the reactor main body (4) by uniformly distributing microporous aeration pipe fixing steel wires (9).
8. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that a plate penetrating joint (5) is arranged in the second through hole, and one end of the plate penetrating joint (5) is connected with a waterproof joint (15) positioned outside the reactor cover plate (2); one end of the waterproof joint (15) is hermetically connected with the plate penetrating joint (5), and the other end is provided with a detachable plug (16); the plug (16) can enable the reaction device (1) to be communicated with the outside when opened and enable the reaction device (1) to be in a closed state when closed.
9. A compost simulation method facilitating batching experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that said reactor cover plate (2) is fixedly connected to the reactor body (4) by means of plastic hoops (14).
10. A compost simulation method facilitating batch experiments as claimed in claim 2, wherein detection devices for measuring temperature and oxygen content are installed in said second through hole.
CN202111261540.1A 2021-10-28 2021-10-28 Compost simulation method beneficial to batch experiments Pending CN114044708A (en)

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CN207031293U (en) * 2017-06-19 2018-02-23 河南师范大学 A kind of laboratory compost reaction unit
CN107840693A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-27 北京市农林科学院 A kind of small-sized aerobic compost reactor
CN211734211U (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-10-23 四川农业大学 Aerobic composting device for controlling experimental conditions
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