CN114044420B - Maintenance method of elevator steel wire rope - Google Patents
Maintenance method of elevator steel wire rope Download PDFInfo
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- CN114044420B CN114044420B CN202111229600.1A CN202111229600A CN114044420B CN 114044420 B CN114044420 B CN 114044420B CN 202111229600 A CN202111229600 A CN 202111229600A CN 114044420 B CN114044420 B CN 114044420B
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- wire rope
- steel wire
- elevator
- elevator steel
- damage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B50/00—Energy efficient technologies in elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies
Abstract
The application discloses a maintenance method of an elevator steel wire rope, S1, setting a safety coefficient of the elevator steel wire rope according to preset working cycle times of the elevator steel wire rope, and S2, setting an initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope according to the safety coefficient of the elevator steel wire rope, an elevator working environment and an initial preset service life of the elevator steel wire rope; s3, detecting the elevator steel wire rope in operation, and judging the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope; s4, shortening a detection period T1 of the elevator steel wire rope, wherein the shortened detection period is T2= T-T1, skipping to the step S3, taking protective measures on the elevator steel wire rope, and replacing the elevator steel wire rope when the elevator steel wire rope is not in a safe service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elevator maintenance, in particular to a maintenance method of an elevator steel wire rope.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the technological level, people can install elevators at home for the quality of life. An elevator is a lifting device that serves several specific floors in a building and performs intermittent operation in the vertical direction to transport passengers or goods. The development of urban buildings leads the importance and the requirement of elevators to be higher and higher, and promotes the development of elevator technology towards the trends of higher safety, low cost, high capacity, high speed, energy conservation, intelligence, environmental protection and the like.
Along with the popularization of elevators, in order to ensure the operation safety of the elevators, the daily operation monitoring of the elevators is needed, in the prior art, the maintenance time of elevator steel wire ropes is usually constant, the maintenance time is set to be one month, but the elevator steel wire ropes work circularly every day, if the elevator steel wire ropes are damaged, the actual maintenance is still the maintenance period according to one month, the effective monitoring of the elevator steel wire ropes is lacked, the probability of layer falling of the elevators due to the breakage of the steel wire ropes is increased, and the overall operation safety of the elevators is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the safety of the overall operation of the elevator, the maintenance method of the elevator steel wire rope can timely adjust the maintenance period of the elevator steel wire rope according to the service condition of the elevator steel wire rope, reduce the probability of layer falling of the elevator due to the fracture of the steel wire rope, and improve the safety of the overall operation of the elevator.
The following technical scheme is adopted:
a maintenance method of an elevator steel wire rope comprises the following specific steps:
s1, setting a safety coefficient of an elevator steel wire rope according to preset working cycle times of the elevator steel wire rope;
s2, setting an initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope according to the safety coefficient of the elevator steel wire rope, the working environment of the elevator and the initial preset service life of the elevator steel wire rope;
s3, detecting the running elevator steel wire rope, and judging the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope;
and S4, shortening the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope according to the damage condition in the step S3, setting the shortened time as T1, setting the shortened detection period as T2= T-T1, skipping to the step S3, taking protective measures on the elevator steel wire rope until the elevator steel wire rope is no longer in the safe service life, stopping the elevator for maintenance, and replacing the elevator steel wire rope.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, compare with the correlation technique, the maintenance method of elevator wire rope that this application provided, elevator wire rope's detection cycle is along with last testing result of elevator wire rope makes dynamic adjustment for elevator wire rope is in safe life all the time, can effectively reduce the elevator because of the elevator wire rope breaks suddenly and the probability that appears falling the layer, improves the security of the whole operation of elevator.
Optionally, in step S3, the elevator steel wire rope in operation is detected, including image detection, ultrasonic detection, and electromagnetic detection.
By adopting the technical scheme, the detection of the elevator steel wire rope can be realized by adopting image detection, ultrasonic detection and electromagnetic detection, so that the damage of the elevator steel wire rope is detected in all aspects, and the maintenance personnel can conveniently adjust the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope according to the damage condition.
Optionally, the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope in step S3 includes physical damage and/or chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope.
By adopting the technical scheme, different detection period adjustment schemes can be prepared for specific physical damage or chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope in the process of adjusting the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope is adjusted more reasonably.
Optionally, in the step S1, specifically, the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is set according to the preset number of working cycles and the bending ratio of the elevator steel wire rope;
the bending ratio is, in particular, the ratio of the diameter of the drum or the sheave to the diameter of the elevator rope when the elevator rope passes around the drum or the sheave on the elevator.
By adopting the technical scheme, the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is determined by setting the preset times of the working cycle of the elevator steel wire rope and the bending ratio of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the determination of the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is closer to the application environment of the actual elevator steel wire rope, and the estimated initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope is more accurate.
Optionally, after the elevator steel wire rope is judged to be physically damaged and/or chemically damaged, the damaged area and/or the damaged degree of the elevator steel wire rope are determined.
By adopting the technical scheme, the damaged areas of the elevator steel wire ropes are different, the influence on the service life of the elevator steel wire ropes is different, the damage degrees of the elevator steel wire ropes are different, the influence on the service life of the elevator steel wire ropes is different, and the detection period of the elevator steel wire ropes can be shortened according to the damaged areas and/or damaged degrees of the elevator steel wire ropes.
Optionally, T1 is adjusted for the damaged area, a time unit adjusted due to the damaged area is set to be T1, N1T 1 are set, and T1= N1 × T1;
when the damaged area is an important area, 0.5t1 ≦ T1 ≦ 5T1;
when the damaged area is an unimportant area, 5t1 & lt T1 & gt & lt 10t1 & gt.
By adopting the technical scheme, T1 is adjusted according to different damaged areas, time for adjusting T1 in a targeted manner is achieved, and the influences of the service life and the overhaul time of the elevator steel wire rope are fully considered according to different damaged areas of the elevator steel wire rope.
Optionally, T1 is adjusted for the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope, a time unit adjusted due to the damage degree is T2, N2T 2 is set, T1= N2 × T2, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is divided into three levels, namely, a first level, a second level and a third level, when the elevator steel wire rope is in the first level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is severe, 8T2 ≦ T1 ≦ 10T2, when the elevator steel wire rope is in the second level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is general, 3T2 ≦ T1 ≦ T2, and when the elevator steel wire rope is in the third level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is smaller, and 0.4t2 ≦ T1 ≦ T2.
By adopting the technical scheme, T1 is adjusted according to different damage degrees, time for adjusting T1 in a targeted manner is achieved, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is graded, the T1 time adjusted correspondingly to each grade is different, the first grade is more serious, the T1 value is larger, the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope is lighter in the third grade, the T1 value is smaller, the different damage degree grades of the elevator steel wire rope are fully considered, and the influence on the service life and the maintenance time of the elevator steel wire rope is avoided.
Optionally, when the physical damage to the elevator steel wire rope is a wire break, adjusting T1 according to the wire break condition.
By adopting the technical scheme, the situation that the physical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is broken can be taken into consideration.
Optionally, when the physical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is deformation, adjusting T1 according to a wire breakage condition.
By adopting the technical scheme, the situation that the physical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is deformation can be taken into consideration.
Optionally, when the chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is corrosion, adjusting T1 according to a corrosion condition.
By adopting the technical scheme, the situation that the chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is corrosion can be taken into consideration, and the elevator steel wire rope is the chemical damage, so that the strength of the elevator steel wire rope is usually related, and the influence degree of the chemical damage is more important than that of the physical damage.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the maintenance method of the elevator steel wire rope, the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope is dynamically adjusted along with the last detection result of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the elevator steel wire rope is always in a safe service life, the probability of layer falling of the elevator due to sudden breakage of the elevator steel wire rope can be effectively reduced, and the safety of the whole operation of the elevator is improved.
2. The safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is determined through the setting of the preset times of the working cycle of the elevator steel wire rope and the bending ratio of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the determination of the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is closer to the application environment of the actual elevator steel wire rope, and the estimated initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope is more accurate.
3. According to the maintenance method of the elevator steel wire rope, the detection period T1 of the elevator steel wire rope is shortened by determining the physical damage or the chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope and determining the damaged area and/or the damaged degree of the elevator steel wire rope.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a maintenance method of an elevator rope provided by the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a maintenance method for an elevator steel wire rope, which specifically includes:
s1, setting a safety coefficient of an elevator steel wire rope according to the preset working cycle times of the elevator steel wire rope;
s2, setting an initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope according to the safety coefficient of the elevator steel wire rope, the working environment of the elevator and the initial preset service life of the elevator steel wire rope;
s3, detecting the running elevator steel wire rope, and judging the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope;
and S4, shortening the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope according to the damage condition in the step S3, setting the shortened time as T1, setting the shortened detection period as T2= T-T1, skipping to the step S3, taking protective measures on the elevator steel wire rope until the elevator steel wire rope is no longer in the safe service life, stopping the elevator for maintenance, and replacing the elevator steel wire rope.
Before the elevator steel wire rope is used, the preset times of the elevator steel wire rope capable of working circulation are determined according to the material and the fatigue resistance of the elevator steel wire rope, and the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is determined by the preset times of the elevator steel wire rope working circulation; if no special requirement is made on the service life of the elevator steel wire rope, the preset working cycle times of the elevator steel wire rope are few, and a smaller safety factor is adopted. Compared with the prior art, according to the maintenance method of the elevator steel wire rope, the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope is dynamically adjusted along with the last detection result of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the elevator steel wire rope is always in a safe service life, the probability of layer falling of the elevator due to sudden fracture of the elevator steel wire rope can be effectively reduced, and the safety of the whole operation of the elevator is improved.
On the basis of the previous embodiment, the elevator steel wire rope in operation is detected in step S3, and the detection includes image detection, ultrasonic detection and electromagnetic detection.
The specific image detection process comprises the steps of adopting a CCD camera to capture different positions and different orientations of an elevator steel wire rope in the initial stage of elevator installation to obtain original images, processing the original images, converting the captured color images into gray level images to obtain gray level images, drawing a gray level histogram of the gray level images for further image analysis, wherein the gray level histogram is a function of gray level, and describes the number of pixels of the image with the gray level, the abscissa represents the gray level, and the ordinate represents the probability of the occurrence of the gray level, namely the number of the pixels. And then filtering and denoising are carried out, gaussian noise and pulse noise in the collected image are removed, specifically, median filtering is adopted to finish image denoising, finally, image segmentation is adopted until defect edges of the steel wire rope are subjected to quantitative calculation and analysis of defect areas, the real edges of the steel wire rope are detected through image detection, the continuity, the integrity and the accurate positioning of surface defect edge patterns of the steel wire rope of the elevator are ensured, morphological operation can be carried out on the edge images, and the final detection result of the system is obtained.
The ultrasonic detection of the elevator steel wire rope is mainly based on the principle that the ultrasonic can generate strong reflection when the ultrasonic is on different interfaces, and whether the surface of the elevator steel wire rope is abnormal or not is judged according to the sequence of the reflected ultrasonic.
In another mode, electromagnetic detection can be applied to the detection of the elevator steel wire rope, and the change of the magnetic characteristic of the elevator steel wire rope is reflected by the voltage change (amplitude and phase) of the coil to detect the change of the metal cross-sectional area of the elevator steel wire rope.
In the embodiment provided by the application, the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope in the step S3 includes physical damage and/or chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope, and different detection period adjustment schemes can be provided for specific physical damage or chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope in the process of adjusting the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope, so that the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope can be adjusted more reasonably.
In the embodiment that this application provided, step S1 specifically is, predetermines number of times and crooked than according to elevator wire rope ' S duty cycle, sets up elevator wire rope ' S factor of safety, and crooked than specifically is, when elevator wire rope walked around reel or pulley on the elevator, the diameter of reel or pulley and elevator wire rope ' S diameter ratio. If the elevator steel wire rope has long service life requirement, a larger bending ratio is adopted, and conversely, if the elevator steel wire rope has short service life requirement, a smaller bending ratio is adopted.
And further, after judging that the elevator steel wire rope is physically damaged and/or chemically damaged, determining a damaged area and/or a damaged degree of the elevator steel wire rope. The damaged area and the damaged degree of the elevator steel wire rope have great influence on the service life of the elevator steel wire rope, if the damaged area of the elevator steel wire rope is found to be close to the position of a counterweight device or a lift car, the impact load on the elevator steel wire rope at the two positions is great, and more influences of external uncertain factors on the service life of the elevator steel wire rope need to be considered, so that if the damaged area is close to important positions such as the counterweight device or the lift car, the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope is further shortened, and the important positions are mainly detected.
Specifically, T1 is adjusted for a damaged area, a time unit adjusted by the damaged area is T1, N1T 1 are set, T1= N1 × T1, when the damaged area is an important area, 0.5t1 ≦ T5T 1, and when the damaged area is an unimportant area, 5t1 ≦ T1 ≦ 10T1. The method comprises the steps that T1 is adjusted according to different damaged areas, time of T1 is adjusted in a targeted mode, different damaged areas of the elevator steel wire rope are fully considered, influences on service life and overhaul time of the elevator steel wire rope are affected, in the embodiment provided by the application, the damaged areas can be divided into important areas and unimportant areas according to actual conditions, standards of which areas belong to the important areas and which areas belong to the unimportant areas can be formulated, whether the damaged areas of the elevator steel wire rope belong to the important areas or the unimportant areas is analyzed through various different detection means, different T1 intervals are selected correspondingly, and the situation that when the damaged areas are the unimportant areas, the detection time of the elevator steel wire rope is adjusted too much, and the steel wire rope is judged to be scrapped if the actual value is not exerted; on the other hand, the situation that when the damaged area is an important area, the detection time of the elevator steel wire rope is adjusted too little, and the elevator steel wire rope is broken in the running process of the elevator is avoided.
In the embodiment provided by the application, T1 is adjusted for the damage degree of an elevator steel wire rope, a time unit adjusted due to the damage degree is T2, N2T 2 is provided, T1= N2 × T2, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is divided into three levels, namely a first level, a second level and a third level, when the elevator steel wire rope is in the first level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is serious, 8T2 ≦ T1 ≦ 10T2, when the elevator steel wire rope is in the second level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is general, 3T2 ≦ T1 ≦ T2, when the elevator steel wire rope is in the third level, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is small, 0.4t2 ≦ T1 ≦ T2, T1<3T2, T1 is adjusted due to different damage degrees, time for pertinently adjusting T1 is achieved, the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is divided into levels, each level corresponds to the adjusted T1 time, the first level is not the same, the value is large, the third level is the damage degree, the third level, the damage degree is small, the damage degree, the service life of the elevator steel wire rope is considered, and the service life of the elevator steel wire rope is small, and the service life of the elevator is small.
Further, when the physical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is wire breakage, T1 is adjusted according to the wire breakage condition, if a small amount of wire breakage indicates that the stress of the elevator steel wire rope is large when the wire breakage occurs, but if the wire breakage is close to each other to form local aggregation, the steel wire rope should be directly scrapped, and if the wire breakage is aggregated in the rope length range smaller than 6d or any strand, the steel wire rope should be scrapped. T1 can be adjusted according to the actual broken wire condition, and the adjustment range value of T1 is established by factors such as the position, the quantity and the area of the broken wire.
In the embodiment provided by the application, when the physical damage of the elevator steel wire rope is deformation, T1 is adjusted according to the wire breakage condition. Specifically, for example, a wavy deformation occurs, which means that the longitudinal axis of the steel wire rope is in a spiral line shape in a loaded or unloaded state, and the deformation does not necessarily result in a loss of strength, but when the deformation is serious, jumping occurs to cause irregular transmission of the steel wire rope. If the straight portion of the wire rope wound around the sheave or the drum, which is not bent under any load condition, satisfies the condition: d1 is greater than 4d/3, wherein d is the nominal diameter of the steel wire rope, d1 is the envelope diameter of the response of the steel wire rope after deformation, the steel wire rope can be directly scrapped, and when the straight line part of the steel wire rope which winds around the pulley or the winding drum and is not bent under any load state does not meet the condition, the adjustment range value of T1 can be set according to the specific deformation condition.
In the embodiment that this application provided, when elevator wire rope's chemical damage is the corrosion, adjust T1 according to the corrosion condition. Concrete elevator wire rope's corrosion can be divided into outside corrosion and inside corrosion, and this kind of chemical damage can make wire rope's intensity reduce, and the irregular surface of serious rupture still can make fatigue accelerate moreover, and serious corrosion can arouse that wire rope's elasticity reduces, consequently need detect this kind of damage condition, adjusts wire rope check-out time according to the condition that detects. For example, it may be arranged that when rust causes the wire rope to slacken, the detection period of the wire rope should be shortened. However, there is another case that the internal corrosion is confirmed, and once the serious internal corrosion is confirmed, the wire rope should be immediately discarded.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A maintenance method of an elevator steel wire rope is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, setting a safety coefficient of an elevator steel wire rope according to preset working cycle times of the elevator steel wire rope;
s2, setting an initial detection period T of the elevator steel wire rope according to the safety coefficient of the elevator steel wire rope, the working environment of the elevator and the initial preset service life of the elevator steel wire rope;
s3, detecting the running elevator steel wire rope, and judging the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope;
s4, shortening the detection period of the elevator steel wire rope according to the damage condition in the step S3, setting the shortened time as T1, setting the shortened detection period as T2= T-T1, skipping to the step S3, taking protective measures on the elevator steel wire rope until the elevator steel wire rope is no longer in the safe service life, stopping the elevator for maintenance, and replacing the elevator steel wire rope;
in the step S3, detecting the elevator steel wire rope in operation, including image detection, ultrasonic detection and electromagnetic detection; the damage condition of the elevator steel wire rope in the step S3 comprises physical damage and/or chemical damage of the elevator steel wire rope;
the method comprises the following steps that S1, specifically, the safety factor of the elevator steel wire rope is set according to the preset working cycle times and the bending ratio of the elevator steel wire rope;
the bending ratio is specifically the ratio of the diameter of a winding drum or a pulley to the diameter of the elevator rope when the elevator rope is wound around the winding drum or the pulley on the elevator;
when the elevator steel wire rope is judged to be physically damaged and/or chemically damaged, determining a damaged area and/or a damaged degree of the elevator steel wire rope; adjusting T1 aiming at a damaged area, setting a time unit adjusted due to the damaged area as T1, and setting N1T 1, wherein T1= N1 × T1;
when the damaged area is an unimportant area, 0.5t1 ≦ T1 ≦ 5T1;
when the damaged area is an important area, 5t1< -T1 ≦ 10t1.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein T1 is adjusted for the degree of damage of the elevator wire rope, T2 is set as a time unit adjusted for the degree of damage, N2T 2 are set, and T1= N2 × T2;
dividing the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope into three grades, namely a first grade, a second grade and a third grade;
when the elevator steel wire rope is in a first grade, if the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is serious, T1 is less than or equal to 8T2 and less than or equal to 10T2;
when the elevator steel wire rope is at a second level, if the damage degree of the elevator steel wire rope is normal, 3T2 is less than or equal to T1<8T2;
when the elevator rope is in a third level, the degree of damage to the elevator rope is small, and 0.4t2 ≦ T1<3T2.
3. The method for maintaining an elevator rope according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein when the physical damage of the elevator rope is a wire break, T1 is adjusted according to the wire break.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein when the physical damage to the elevator rope is deformation, T1 is adjusted according to a wire breakage condition.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when the chemical damage to the elevator wire rope is corrosion, T1 is adjusted according to the corrosion condition.
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| CN109305615A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-02-05 | 奥的斯电梯公司 | The braking moment of elevator brake detects |
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