CN1140387A - Directional microphone assembly - Google Patents

Directional microphone assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1140387A
CN1140387A CN96108348A CN96108348A CN1140387A CN 1140387 A CN1140387 A CN 1140387A CN 96108348 A CN96108348 A CN 96108348A CN 96108348 A CN96108348 A CN 96108348A CN 1140387 A CN1140387 A CN 1140387A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
microphone
assembly
microphone element
elasticity
vibrating diaphragm
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN96108348A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杰弗里·菲利普·麦卡蒂
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AT&T Corp
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AT&T IPM Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by AT&T IPM Corp filed Critical AT&T IPM Corp
Publication of CN1140387A publication Critical patent/CN1140387A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/03—Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Abstract

A unitary housing made from an acoustically-opaque, resilient material is employed with a microphone element to form a directional microphone assembly. The microphone element includes a diaphragm which moves under the influence of sound pressure applied to its opposite surfaces to generate an electrical signal which is proportional to the differential sound pressure. The unitary housing includes a first acoustically-transparent channel for communicating sound pressure from a first port in the unitary housing to one surface of the diaphragm, and a second acoustically transparent channel for communicating sound pressure from a second port in the unitary housing to the other surface of the diaphragm. In an illustrative embodiment, the unitary housing comprises a unitary small 'boot' having a surface including the ports for coupling acoustic energy to the acoustic channels, an inner chamber for housing the microphone element and a predetermined opening in a surface of the boot for accessing the inner chamber.

Description

Directional microphone assembly
The present invention relates to shotgun microphone, especially support the structure of one or more microphone elements.
In many application, all to use microphone with directivity.A kind of known technology of realizing directivity is to use a single order gradient (FOG) microphone element, this microphone element comprises that is encapsulated in a movable vibrating diaphragm that has front and rear surfaces in the chamber, all there is opening on the two sides of cavity, therefore can allow the front and rear surfaces of acoustic pressure and vibrating diaphragm interact.By this interaction, just produced with the vibrating diaphragm apparent surface on the proportional signal of telecommunication of acoustic pressure difference.If wavefront arrives at the front and rear surfaces of vibrating diaphragm simultaneously, the sound that transmits from these directions will be left in the basket so, because in this case, the instantaneous sound pressure on vibrating diaphragm two sides is identical, so the acoustic pressure difference is zero.And the sound that sends from other directions, owing to producing delay during the active path length " d " between the surface relatively by two, so the moment on a surface of arrival vibrating diaphragm will be prior to arriving the moment on another surface.This delay has produced directivity, but it has also influenced Frequency Response, because path " d " is relevant with the different components of each different frequency point place and wavelength.
A kind of known microphone apparatus of National/Panasonic company is a WM-46AAD201 type microphone apparatus, and it provides a kind of heart-shaped polarization response characteristic.The FOG microphone element is encapsulated in a rigidity, the dimeric plastic casing, includes the opening that allows sound wave enter shell in each side of FOG microphone.With glue or other jointing material involutions, each limit of FOG microphone is all only entered the influence of the sound wave of respective openings in the shell like this between plastic casing and the FOG microphone.Unfortunately, owing to used jointing material, the additional step that just needs curing time is taken a lot of work the such equipment of structure very much.And, if improper use produce to leak, with the sound that changes it to characteristic.
Fig. 2 in the technical bulletin TB-21 of Knowles electronics, inc. contained " the EB orientation is listened to auxiliary microphone and the used main points " literary composition shows a kind of directional microphone assembly preferably, and it uses pipeline microphone element to be coupled to the pick-up point of expectation.Regrettably, in audio input device, the constructional device of this assembly that do not provide support.And pipeline also is not easy to be sealed in equipment surface.
Proposed a kind of directional microphone assembly that uses double casing equipment recently, it does not need to use jointing material to support this member (consult United States Patent (USP) 5,226, No. 076, on July 6th, 1993 authorized).Although this existing microphone assembly is satisfactory in some applications, it also has some restrictions.For example, when distance ' ' d ' ' during greater than the width of microphone element, the directional diagram of this existing microphone and frequency response all can change, and this does not expect to take place in some applications.
So, being necessary to provide a kind of shell of microphone element, its structure is simple relatively so that make and install.
The single shell that is made of the sound insulation elastomeric material is used for microphone element and just can constitutes a directional microphone assembly.This microphone element comprises a vibrating diaphragm, and vibrating diaphragm produces one and the proportional signal of telecommunication of acoustic pressure difference according to the effect campaign that is added in the acoustic pressure on its facing surfaces.This single shell comprises one first transaudient passage and one second transaudient passage.The first transaudient passage is with the surface of acoustic pressure from the first auspicious oral instructions of single shell to vibrating diaphragm, and the second transaudient passage passes to second acoustic pressure another surface of vibrating diaphragm from second port.
In an exemplary of this invention, described single shell comprises following each several part: have and comprise the little list " cover " that is used for acoustic energy is coupled to the port of sound channel, be used to hold inner room and a prodefined opening that is positioned at the cover surface that leads to inner room of microphone element.Microphone element inserts inner room by prodefined opening, and the size of opening is made the microphone element that surrounds insertion, and acoustic energy just can not released or leaked into inner room by opening like this.So the very short directional diagram and frequency response that can not change the microphone assembly of gained of the distance between port.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, single shell is cast with polypropylene and ethylene propylene diene monomer, and polypropylene is a kind of rubber-like elasticity material.It has formed perfect close covering at the periphery of microphone element, makes an acoustic pressure in the passage another one passage that can not bleed.In addition, this rubber-like material also constitutes the sealing with wherein audio input device surface.
The invention is characterized in: directional microphone assembly can embed the outer surface of audio input device easily or be fixed on thereafter, and described audio input device has a plurality of access portal on its one or more surfaces.
Fig. 1 illustrates one of the present invention singly to be covered with the front perspective view of putting.
Fig. 2 be the present invention use singly be covered with the rear view of putting.
Fig. 3 be the present invention use singly be covered with the top cutaway view of putting.
Fig. 4 be the present invention use singly be covered with the sectional view of putting.
Fig. 5 be the present invention use singly be covered with the front cross sectional view of putting.
Fig. 6 shows a telephone bandset that uses embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a personal-machine that uses embodiments of the invention.
Outline
Pressure microphone
The single port microphone can its input sound oral instructions sense instantaneous sound pressure and produce one with The corresponding output voltage signal of acoustic pressure amplitude, this microphone is known as " pressure microphone ". The sound hole makes sound, and namely acoustic energy enters microphone assembly, produces with a side interaction of vibrating diaphragm Give birth to voltage. The another side of vibrating diaphragm is in the closed area, and this regional volume affects vibrating diaphragm Acoustic compliance. Pressure microphone is the same for the response from the sound of any direction, so Its response directional diagram is omnidirectional.
The First-order Gradient microphone
The gradient microphone is meant that pressure reduction of those one or more vibrating membrane opposite sides by measuring microphone element realize the microphone of dipole polarization response characteristic.A single order gradient (FOG) microphone generally includes two input sound mouths of the opposite side that is positioned at the microphone element vibrating diaphragm.Its distance of representing sound wave in advancing, must pass through to another mouth of coverage " d " of being separated by between sound mouthful from a sound mouth around FOG.The motion of vibrating diaphragm is converted into voltage at the output of microphone element.The output voltage amplitude of FOG microphone is the function of the instantaneous sound pressure difference of microphone element vibrating diaphragm opposite side.The speed that recalls sound in the air of Fahrenheit 70 degree approximately is 1128 feet of per seconds, so the wavelength of the voice signal of f=2250Hz is approximately six inches.So, even little spacing also can cause sizable differing between the sound mouth, so the FOG microphone has two-way polarization response directivity.In fact, the polarization response directional diagram basically with frequency-independent, this will see in the equation (2) below.Note, the polarity of output voltage be decided by the motion acoustic wavefront at first knocking-on be which side of vibrating diaphragm.It should also be noted that the FOG microphone to the not response of some certain party sound always, is zero.The present invention has utilized this characteristic just.
Lead to FOG microphone element vibrating diaphragm opposite side sound mouthful between space length can change.In the far field, pressure gradient △ P and " d " have following relation: Δ poc sin ( 1 2 kd cos θ ) - - - - ( 1 )
Here: k = 2 πf c
θ=incident wavefront is with respect to the polarised direction of microphone main shaft
The c=velocity of wave
When the kd value was very little, equation (1) can be reduced to: Δpoc 1 2 cos θ - - - ( 2 )
The sensitivity of FOG microphone or frequency response limit by equaling (1), for equation (2), and direction θ=0 °.Frequency response and directional diagram can change by changing gradient microphone self as can be known.For example, can introduce acoustic impedance R at a sound mouth of FOG microphone aThis impedance can change the directional diagram and the frequency response of microphone assembly.More generally, with the FOG microphone concerned direction figure D (θ) that is operated in the far field, in kd＜1 o'clock, have following relation: D ( θ ) [ 1 + B cos θ 1 + B ] - - - - ( 3 )
Wherein B = d / c R a C a ; C a = V pc 2 .
In equation (3), P is an atmospheric density, and V is the volume of vibrating diaphragm back voice range, Ca be vibrating diaphragm to Ra between acoustic compliance (similar) to capacitive reactance.By equation (3) as can be known, when B equals 1, just can obtain a cardioid pattern, wherein to equal 1 be exactly to allow time constant RaCa equal sound wave pass by the used time of distance ' ' d ' ' to B.A kind of suitable FOG microphone element that uses with the present invention is EM1 18 types of being produced by Primo Microphone company.Another Common Shape of the directional diagram of microphone assembly is super heart-shaped.When regulating d, when making B equal 3 square root, Ra and V just can obtain this super heart-shaped (super cardioid) directional diagram.In addition, when the value of B is increased to 3, just can obtain special heart-shaped (hypercardioid) directional diagram.Each selected microphone arrangement all has its one group of characteristic, as (i) position at zero point (degree) (ii) be apart from the factor, indicate when be the pressure microphone to the distance of sound source what times the time, directional microphone has identical signal and incident-noise ratio at random.Response ratio (iii).Or the like.
Most preferred embodiment
Fig. 1 is the front perspective view that shows small-sized single shell 100 of FOG microphone element, and it has limited the spacing " d " of the sound mouth 101 and 102 of microphone resistor effectively, and the FOG microphone element that will wherein comprise is restricted to quite short distance.In fact, we wish that distance ' ' d ' ' equals to insert the width of the microphone element of single shell 100 inner rooms, shown in following.This rectangular cover structure is to form with the elastomeric material mold pressing that sclerosis (sulfuration) rubber or other suit, and it has replaced the dividing plate used in the existing microphone assembly above-mentioned.Single shell is to make it with acoustic material can not transmit acoustic pressure aerially effectively.As noted above, a kind of suitable commercial material be have polyacrylic.
Comprise on the shell 100 and can make acoustic pressure enter the port one 01 and 102 (referring to Fig. 2-5) that is provided with microphone element 201 inner rooms by transaudient path 10 3 and 104 respectively.Microphone element 201 has the couple of conductor (not shown) to draw single shell 100 by self-enclosed hole 105.Single shell 100 is that elastomeric material is made, and its size is made and the microphone element sealing, Gu the acoustic pressure of this passage can be by microphone element another passage that bleeds.Its advantage is, by using the elastic housing material, has saved bonding to obtain the needs of sealing.
Fig. 3 is the top cross-sectional view of the single casing assembly 100 of elasticity, shows it and FOG microphone element 201 (Fig. 2), port one 01 and 102, path 10 3 and 104, hole 105, opening 200 (Fig. 2), and the inside annexation of inner room 300.The size of noting inner room 300 is made and can be held and support microphone element 201, seals with formation around the microphone element 201 like this, and make that acoustic energy just can be from path 10 3,104 one bleeds in another.In addition, what also note that is that the size of opening 200 is littler than the sectional dimension of microphone element 201, like this when microphone element 201 inserts inner rooms 300, can form with opening along microphone element and seal, make acoustic energy can not leak into or released inner room 300 by opening 200.
Fig. 4 is the side sectional view that microphone element 201 has been inserted the single shell 100 of inner room 300 back elasticity.Please note that thereby the opening 200 and the acoustic energy of the expectation of the size relationship generation of microphone element 201 seal.The sealing effect that is produced by the single shell 100 of elasticity also is shown in around microphone element 201 and path 10 3 and 104.
Fig. 5 be use in the present invention singly be covered with the front cross sectional view of putting.What show is microphone element 201 and the size relationship of 200 of path 10 3,104 and single shell 100 inside openings of elasticity.
Attention approximately is five times an of embodiment of microphone assembly of the present invention in the size shown in Fig. 3～5.
Use
The present invention can be installed on the audio input device of any use shotgun microphone.Vocal input equipment all is typical example as telephone bandset, loud speaker microphone, personal-machine etc.
Fig. 6 has shown the application of the present invention in telephone bandset 600.Telephone bandset 600 comprises a loud speaker 601 as shown in the figure, comprises that a microphone element to form single casing assembly 100 that shotgun microphone is provided with, is arranged on a surface of telephone bandset 600.Telephone bandset 600 can be equipment such as standard cell phone, cordless telephone, cellular phone.
Figure 7 shows that one realizes the personal computer of the loud speaker microphone of one embodiment of the present of invention.Specifically, as shown in the figure, personal computer 700 has loud speaker 701 and comprises microphone element to constitute single casing assembly 100 that shotgun microphone is provided with, and it is placed on the surface of personal computer 700.This set also can be used for speakerphone operation.Although for the purpose of illustration, show a desktop personal computers, obviously embodiments of the invention can also place other similar or dissimilar equipment, for example laptop PCs.
In addition, what should be noted that is, because the length of sound channel 103 and 104 is all quite short, so to for example, what influence directional diagram and frequency response heart-shaped or bipolar directional microphone assembly all do not have.
Although shown one particular embodiment of the present invention, clearly, still might revise within the scope of the present invention.These modifications include, but are not limited to use other elastomeric materials to make shell, with the housing of non-press moulding mode making, and use non-rectangle or opening not in the same plane.In addition, except that using single FOG microphone element, also can use two electrical interconnections the pressure microphone element, this also is within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. the configuration that is used to constitute shotgun microphone comprises: the single shell of elasticity that is used to hold microphone element, this microphone element comprises a vibrating diaphragm, the acoustic pressure difference of its response vibrating diaphragm two opposite sides produces and the proportional signal of telecommunication of acoustic pressure difference, and the single shell of this elasticity comprises: the first transaudient passage that (i) acoustic pressure is sent to a face of vibrating diaphragm by first port of shell; (ii) acoustic pressure is sent to the second transaudient passage of vibrating diaphragm another side by second port of shell; (iii) be common to the inner room that holds described microphone element mutually with first and second sound channels; (iv) an opening that is positioned at the single case surface of described elasticity is used for microphone element is inserted above-mentioned inner room, and the size of described opening is decided to be makes that when described microphone element is inserted centre chamber the single shell of elasticity is along microphone element sealing on every side.
2. according to the assembly of claim 1, wherein the single shell of elasticity supports microphone element and constitutes sealing continuously along the periphery of microphone element, and the acoustic pressure in such passage just can not enter another passage.
3. according to the assembly of claim 2, wherein single shell ethylene propylene diene monomer of elasticity and polypropylene are formed.
4. according to the assembly of claim 2, wherein the FOG microphone element is inserted in the described inner room to constitute directional microphone assembly.
5. also combined with the vocal input equipment with an outer surface according to the assembly of claim 4, directional microphone assembly embeds or is located immediately at the described outer surface back of vocal input equipment and constitutes sealing; Thereby constitute vocal input equipment with the little and improved sensitivity of microphone of profile and directivity.
6. according to the assembly of claim 5, wherein audio input device comprises a telephone bandset.
7. according to the assembly of claim 5, wherein audio input device comprises a videoconference unit.
8. according to the assembly of claim 5, wherein vocal input equipment comprises people's computer one by one.
9. according to the assembly of claim 5, also comprise the telephone plant that loud speaker wherein is housed,, comprise that the single shell of described elasticity of the described FOG microphone element that constitutes described shotgun microphone configuration is installed along outer surface so that realize hand-free function.
CN96108348A 1995-06-30 1996-06-25 Directional microphone assembly Pending CN1140387A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/497,269 US5703957A (en) 1995-06-30 1995-06-30 Directional microphone assembly
US497269 2000-02-02

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CN1140387A true CN1140387A (en) 1997-01-15

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US (1) US5703957A (en)
EP (1) EP0751695A2 (en)
JP (1) JPH0965478A (en)
KR (1) KR970004954A (en)
CN (1) CN1140387A (en)
TW (1) TW275741B (en)

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CN101252791B (en) * 2007-02-20 2012-06-20 美商富迪科技股份有限公司 Device avoiding reflected sound wave interference

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CN101252791B (en) * 2007-02-20 2012-06-20 美商富迪科技股份有限公司 Device avoiding reflected sound wave interference

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TW275741B (en) 1996-05-11
KR970004954A (en) 1997-01-29
US5703957A (en) 1997-12-30
EP0751695A2 (en) 1997-01-02
JPH0965478A (en) 1997-03-07

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