CN114035222A - Online neutron energy spectrum measuring device - Google Patents
Online neutron energy spectrum measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114035222A CN114035222A CN202111264050.7A CN202111264050A CN114035222A CN 114035222 A CN114035222 A CN 114035222A CN 202111264050 A CN202111264050 A CN 202111264050A CN 114035222 A CN114035222 A CN 114035222A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T3/00—Measuring neutron radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of neutron energy spectrum monitoring, and provides an online neutron energy spectrum measuring device which comprises a detector ball, a bracket and a rotary connector, wherein the detector ball is arranged on the bracket; the brackets can independently rotate along the direction X, Y, Z, one end of each rotating shaft is provided with a rotating connector, the other end of each rotating shaft is provided with a driving motor which can be controlled by a program, and the detector ball is mounted in the center of the bracket. The device has the advantages of simple operation, good energy response isotropy and high measurement accuracy, and the device arranges a plurality of neutron detectors or position sensitive counters in a certain axial direction of a single slowing sphere and realizes the on-line continuous monitoring of neutron energy spectrums by using a three-dimensional space uniform velocity traversal scanning technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of neutron energy spectrum monitoring, and particularly relates to an online neutron energy spectrum measuring device.
Background
The neutron spectrum measurement technology is one of important means for basic research of nuclear physics and application research of nuclear technology, and has very wide application requirements. Various neutron spectrum measurement methods have been developed for different neutron radiation field types and application purposes, including time-of-flight, back-flushing proton, nuclear reaction, threshold detector, Bonner's multisphere neutron spectrometer, etc. The Bonner multi-sphere neutron spectrometer method is a main method for measuring the neutron energy spectrum at present due to the advantages of wide measurable neutron energy range, good response isotropy, high energy spectrum measurement accuracy and the like.
The Bonner multisphere neutron spectrometer method was originally proposed by Bonner et al in 1960, and a neutron spectrometer based on the method mainly comprises a detection system and neutron spectrum resolving software. The detection system mainly comprises a thermal neutron detector with small volume and a plurality of polyethylene moderating spherical shells with different sizes. The thermal neutron detector arranged at the center of the slowing ball is mostly spherical3He proportional counter tube, or BF3Proportional counter tube and counter6A Li scintillator detector. The measurement counts of the thermal neutron detectors in polyethylene moderated spheres with different sizes are input into neutron spectrum unscrambling software to obtain neutron spectrum information. Because Bonner multisphere neutron spectrometer detecting system is used by a plurality of independent spherical shell collocation, and the volume is great, and is very inconvenient in the aspect of accomodating and carrying, need move different thickness spherical shell to the position of awaiting measuring in turn during the energy spectrum measurement, and operation process is complicated, the test is consuming time longer, can not realize the function of real-time supervision neutron energy spectrum. On the basis, a novel neutron spectrum measuring instrument is developed, and the structure and the advantages and the disadvantages of the novel neutron spectrum measuring instrument are introduced below.
The invention patent with the publication number of CN 102736100A discloses a neutron energy spectrum and neutron fluence measuring device based on a multilayer spherical polyethylene moderator and a single neutron detector. The device adopts the polyethylene of a plurality of internal diameters differences to slow up the form that the spherical shell accumulated layer upon layer and make it have the cost lower, and is small, conveniently accomodates and carries. When the device is used for measuring the neutron energy spectrum, the spherical polyethylene moderating spherical shell needs to be manually installed step by step or removed, the use is inconvenient, and the device cannot measure the neutron energy spectrum in real time.
Publication No. CN 110018513A discloses a neutron spectrometer with a polyhedral structure, which can change the thickness of a moderator according to requirements, has a simple structure, and can only measure neutron energy spectrums in known directions.
Publication No. CN 111487672A discloses a method for measuring neutron energy spectrum by using a semiconductor detector. The method comprises the steps of dividing a slowing sphere into at least 5 spherical shell areas in the radius direction, symmetrically installing semiconductor thermal neutron detectors at different positions in the spherical shell areas, carrying out data processing on measurement data of the semiconductor thermal neutron detectors according to the different spherical shell area divisions, and carrying out spectrum resolving calculation on the processed data by using spectrum resolving software to obtain a neutron energy spectrum result. The method has the advantages that the number of neutron detectors is large, the equipment cost is high, the wiring is complex, the processing difficulty in the aspect of electromagnetic compatibility is high, and the method cannot be used commercially until now due to various defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an online neutron energy spectrum measuring device which is simple to operate, saves cost, has good energy response isotropy and high measuring accuracy.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures: an online neutron energy spectrum measuring device comprises a detector ball, a bracket and a rotary connector; the brackets can independently rotate along the direction X, Y, Z, one end of each rotating shaft is provided with a rotating connector, the other end of each rotating shaft is provided with a driving motor which can be controlled by a program, and the detector ball is mounted in the center of the bracket.
In the technical scheme, the detector ball distributes the detection units at different positions of one half axis of the slowing ball according to the principle that the thickness of the outer layer is thin and the inner layer is not equally divided.
In the technical scheme, the detector ball distributes the detection units at different depths of three mutually perpendicular axes of the slowing-down ball according to the principle that the thickness of the outer layer is thin and the inner layer is not equally divided.
In the technical scheme, the detector ball arranges the position sensitive counting tube which has the neutron moderating capacity equivalent to that of the moderating ball in the moderating ball along a semi-axis.
In the above technical solution, the bracket includes an X-direction rotation axis, a Y-direction rotation axis, a Z-direction rotation axis, a support rod, a Z-direction rotation support ring, and a Y-direction rotation support ring; the X-direction rotating shaft is connected with the detector ball and the Y-direction rotating supporting ring, the Y-direction rotating shaft is connected with the Y-direction rotating supporting ring and the Z-direction rotating supporting ring, the Z-direction rotating shaft is connected with the Z-direction rotating supporting ring and the supporting rod, and the whole bracket is fixed through the supporting rod.
In the above technical solution, the rotary connector includes a connector plug and a connector socket, and the connector plug is, from outside to inside, sequentially provided with a connector plug outer layer insulator, a connector plug first electrode, an inter-electrode insulator, and a connector plug second electrode; the connector socket is characterized in that the connector socket sequentially comprises a connector socket outer insulator, a connector socket rolling bearing outer ring, a connector socket first rolling body, a connector socket slot, a connector socket second rolling body, a connector socket first electrode, a connector socket inter-electrode insulating layer, a connector socket second electrode, a connector socket third rolling body and a connector socket central jack sheath from outside to inside, and the end part of the connector socket is further provided with a connector socket first electrode terminal and a connector socket second electrode terminal.
The on-line neutron energy spectrum measuring device realizes the function that the neutron energy spectrum detecting device can scan any angle in space through 3 rotating shafts, the measuring time can be set to be integral multiple of the scanning period, one scanning period is the time for traversing the space angle, and the neutron radiation field to be measured is required to be unchanged in the whole measuring time, so that the energy response isotropy of the neutron energy spectrum measuring device is realized, the neutron energy spectrum of the neutron field to be measured can be calculated based on the neutron energy response and neutron energy spectrum solution spectrum by accurately measuring the response condition of neutron detecting elements with different depths in the slowing ball to the neutron field to be measured.
The online neutron spectrum measuring device can increase angle-associated cumulative count by increasing the scanning period number n so as to reduce statistical errors caused by low neutron response and insufficient cumulative count of each neutron detector, and the specific expression is as follows:
in the above formula C LModeration of the L-th layer for traversal of the 4 π spatial solid angle for the entire measurement time (n scan cycles)The detector count obtained for the body housing.
The on-line neutron energy spectrum measuring device is characterized in that thermal neutron detection units are distributed at different depths in a single axial direction in a slowing ball and rotate according to a set control program, so that the energy response of neutron detectors at different depths is independent of a space azimuth angle, namely, independent of a neutron incident angle. Compared with the purpose of realizing the isotropy of neutron energy response by utilizing the mode of distributing the thermal neutron detection units on a plurality of symmetrical axes of the slowing-down ball, the device improves the utilization rate of the neutron detection units and does not need to consider the problem of energy response correction of the neutron detection units caused by performance inconsistency in production and development.
The invention provides a new research and development direction for online neutron energy spectrum measurement, so that the portable online neutron energy spectrum meter is more beneficial to engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an online neutron spectrum measuring device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for arranging wires in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 3-5 illustrate three embodiments of the detector ball in the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the connector plug in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the connector receptacle of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a scanning scheme of the present embodiment in which 6 points are uniformly distributed on the spherical surface.
Wherein: 1. Y-direction rotation shaft, 2. detector ball, 3. X-direction rotation shaft, 4. X-direction rotation shaft, 5. Z-direction rotation shaft, 6. support bar, 7. Z-direction rotation ring, 8. Y-direction rotation ring, 9. rotation connector, 10. Z-direction drive motor, 11. Y-direction drive motor, 9-1. Y-direction rotation connector, 9-2. X-direction rotation connector, 9-3. Z-direction rotation connector, 2-1. detection unit, 2-2. moderation ball, 2-3. position sensitive counter tube, 12. connector plug outer layer insulator, 13. connector plug first electrode, 14. connector plug second electrode, 15. insulator, 16. connector socket electrode outer layer insulator, 17. connector socket outer ring, 18. connector socket first rolling body, 19. connector socket slot, 20. connector socket second rolling body, 21. connector socket first pole, 22 connector socket inter-electrode insulation, 23 connector socket second pole, 24 connector socket third rolling element, 25 connector center receptacle sheath, 26 connector socket first pole terminal, 27 connector socket second pole terminal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 3-5 illustrate three embodiments of the detector ball in the apparatus of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the detecting units 2-1 are distributed at different positions of a half axis of the moderating sphere 2-2 according to the principle of non-uniform thickness of the outer layer, the inner layer and the outer layer, and different neutron responses are generated to incident neutrons due to different depths and different moderation degrees.
As shown in fig. 4, the detection units 2-1 are distributed at different depths of three mutually perpendicular axes of the moderating ball 2-2 according to the principle that the thickness of the outer layer is thin and the inner layer is not equally divided, so as to generate different neutron responses to incident neutrons, and the three mutually perpendicular axes are designed to enable the neutron responses to meet isotropy as much as possible.
As shown in FIG. 5, a position sensitive counting tube 2-3 is arranged in a slowing sphere 2-2 along a semi-axis, and counting signals of different positions are obtained by a charge division method, so that neutron responses of different slowing layers are obtained.
In the above embodiment, the detection unit 2-1 may be a small-volume semiconductor neutron detection unit or a scintillator neutron detection unit. The position sensitive counting tube 2-3 can be3He is proportional to the count tube.
As shown in fig. 1, a detector ball 2 (i.e., a neutron moderation ball) is mounted on an X-direction rotation shaft 4, a Y-direction rotation ring 8 is connected to the Y-direction rotation shaft 1, and a Z-direction rotation ring 7 is connected to the Z-direction rotation shaft 5. One end of each rotating shaft is provided with a rotating connector 9, and the other end is provided with a driving motor which can be controlled by a program. When the Z-axis driving motor 10 runs, the Z-direction rotating shaft 5 drives the Z-direction rotating support ring 7 to rotate, the Y-direction rotating shaft 1 drives the Y-direction rotating support ring 8 to rotate, and finally the X-direction rotating shaft 4 drives the neutron moderating ball to rotate along the Z-axis direction; when the Y-axis driving motor 11 runs, the Y-direction rotating support ring 8 is driven to rotate through the Y-direction rotating shaft 1, and finally the neutron moderating ball is driven to rotate along the Y axis through the X-direction rotating shaft 4; when the X-axis driving motor 3 runs, the neutron moderating ball is driven to rotate along the X axis by the X-direction rotating shaft 4. The function of neutron moderation ball rotating at any space angle can be realized by the cooperation of the three driving motors. The whole online neutron spectrum measuring device is supported by two supporting rods connected with a Z-direction rotating shaft.
Since 3 rotating shafts can not only spin along the axial direction, but also lead out signal and power supply wires for connecting a plurality of detection units in the neutron moderation ball, the invention adopts the wire arrangement method as shown in fig. 2 and the connector plug and the connector socket of the multilayer nested bearing connection structure as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the connector plug and the connector socket form a rotary connector together.
Fig. 2 shows a method for arranging the wires, which are transported along the rotating ring and the rotating shaft in a hollow manner or wound along the shaft. Wherein 9-1 is a Y-axis rotary connector, 9-2 is an X-axis rotary connector, and 9-3 is a Z-axis rotary connector. The direction of the arrow is the wire transmission direction, wherein fig. 2a shows the transmission along the hollow shaft of the rotary supporting ring and the rotary shaft, and fig. 2b shows the transmission around the rotary supporting ring and the rotary shaft.
The structures shown in fig. 6 and 7 only show the connector plug and the socket for realizing 2-way signal transmission, and more signal connection modes can be expanded to the outer layer in a similar mode.
The connector plug comprises a connector plug outer-layer insulator 12, a connector plug first electrode 13, an inter-electrode insulator 15 and a connector plug second electrode 14 from outside to inside in sequence; the connector socket comprises a connector socket outer layer insulator 16, a connector socket rolling bearing outer ring 17, a connector socket first rolling body 18, a connector socket slot 19, a connector socket second rolling body 20, a connector socket first electrode 21, a connector socket inter-electrode insulating layer 22, a connector socket second electrode 23, a connector socket third rolling body 24 and a connector socket central insertion hole sheath 25 in sequence from outside to inside, and the end part of the connector socket is further provided with a connector socket first electrode terminal 26 and a connector socket second electrode terminal 27.
The specific working mode is as follows: the different plug electrodes shown in fig. 6 are inserted into the socket slots of the corresponding connectors shown in fig. 7, and the connector plug shown in fig. 6 and the connector socket shown in fig. 7 can rotate freely without affecting the electrical connection of the two because the inner/outer sides of the connector socket slots are provided with the rolling bearings. The more detailed description is: when the plug and the socket are connected, the signal on the second electrode 14 of the connector plug in fig. 6 is transmitted to the central hole sheath 25 of the connector socket in fig. 7 and is transmitted to the second electrode terminal 27 of the connector socket through the third rolling body 24 of the conductive connector socket; the signal on the first pole 13 of the connector plug in fig. 6 is transmitted to the connector socket slot 19 in fig. 7 via the electrically conductive connector socket second rolling body 20 to the connector socket first pole terminal 26.
If the detection units are relatively good in consistency, the detector ball shown in fig. 4 is adopted in fig. 1, and the neutron response data irrelevant to the incident neutron direction can be measured in an all-dimensional manner only by rotating a solid angle of pi/2 in a uniform speed traversal scanning mode, but the adoption of the detector ball shown in fig. 4 causes more complex wiring and higher cost due to more detection units.
In fig. 1, the omni-directional scan of the 4 pi solid angle can be performed in the manner shown in fig. 8, using the structure shown in fig. 3 or 5 in which the detecting elements are arranged in a single axial direction of the slowing-down sphere. Wherein, P0-P5 are the intersection points of the X, Y, Z axis and the spherical surface. The method comprises the following steps of aligning each point on the spherical surface to a reference direction at a constant speed in sequence through rotation operation, wherein the alignment sequence in a single scanning period is as follows: p0 → P1 → P2 → P5 → P3 → P4 → P0. By analogy, by increasing the number of uniformly distributed points on the surface of the sphere, more precise omnibearing scanning of the sphere can be realized, such as scanning the intersection point of the connecting line of the sphere center and the surface center of each surface of the regular polyhedron and the sphere, scanning the spherical surface uniformly distributed points by adopting a Marsaglia method, and the like. Therefore, isotropic neutron response data (counting rate data of a group of neutron detection units in different layers) are obtained and input into a de-spectroscopy algorithm integrated with simulated neutron energy response, and then real-time neutron energy spectrum information can be obtained.
Details not described in the present specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An online neutron energy spectrum measuring device is characterized in that: comprises a detector ball, a bracket and a rotary connector; the brackets can independently rotate along the direction X, Y, Z, one end of each rotating shaft is provided with a rotating connector, the other end of each rotating shaft is provided with a driving motor which can be controlled by a program, and the detector ball is mounted in the center of the bracket.
2. The online neutron spectrum measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the detector ball distributes the detection units at different positions of one half axis of the slowing ball according to the principle of non-equal division of the thickness of the outer layer, the thin layer and the inner layer.
3. The online neutron spectrum measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the detector ball distributes the detection units at different depths of three mutually perpendicular axes of the slowing-down ball according to the principle that the thickness of the outer layer is thin and the inner layer is not equally divided.
4. The online neutron spectrum measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the detector sphere positions a position sensitive counter tube within the moderator sphere along one semi-axis that is comparable to the neutron moderating capability of the moderator sphere.
5. The online neutron spectrum measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the bracket comprises an X-direction rotating shaft, a Y-direction rotating shaft, a Z-direction rotating shaft, a supporting rod, a Z-direction rotating supporting ring and a Y-direction rotating supporting ring; the X-direction rotating shaft is connected with the detector ball and the Y-direction rotating supporting ring, the Y-direction rotating shaft is connected with the Y-direction rotating supporting ring and the Z-direction rotating supporting ring, the Z-direction rotating shaft is connected with the Z-direction rotating supporting ring and the supporting rod, and the whole bracket is fixed through the supporting rod.
6. The online neutron spectrum measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the rotary connector comprises a connector plug and a connector socket, wherein the connector plug sequentially comprises a connector plug outer-layer insulator, a connector plug first electrode, an inter-electrode insulator and a connector plug second electrode from outside to inside; the connector socket comprises a connector socket outer insulator, a connector socket rolling bearing outer ring, a connector socket first rolling body, a connector socket slot, a connector socket second rolling body, a connector socket first electrode, a connector socket inter-electrode insulating layer, a connector socket second electrode, a connector socket third rolling body and a connector socket central jack sheath from outside to inside in sequence, wherein the end part of the connector socket is also provided with a connector socket first electrode terminal and a connector socket second electrode terminal; when the connector plug is connected with the connector socket, a signal on a second electrode of the connector plug is transmitted to a central jack sheath of the connector socket and is transmitted to a second electrode terminal of the connector socket through a third rolling body of the conductive connector socket; the signal on the first electrode of the connector plug is transmitted to the socket slot of the connector socket and is transmitted to the terminal of the first electrode of the connector socket through the second rolling body of the conductive connector socket.
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