CN114033079B - 一种光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统 - Google Patents
一种光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统,实现装饰功能的作用下,具备隔音、保温功能,还能实现对太阳光热利用。它包括:支架,所述支架通过螺栓固定在建筑外墙面;承载架,所述承载架设置在支架前侧并与支架固定连接,在承载架的正面设有管托,管托用于实现对水管的支撑;集热板架,所述集热板架设置在承载架前侧并与承载架固定连接,在承载架与集热板架之间设有保温块和隔音块,且保温块靠近支架设置;在集热板架的前端设置光伏板或集热板。本发明在实现装饰功能的作用下,具备隔音、保温功能,还能实现对太阳光热利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑幕墙技术领域,具体地说是一种光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统。
背景技术
幕墙是建筑的外墙围护,不承重,像幕布一样挂上去,故又称为“帷幕墙”,是现代大型和高层建筑常用的带有装饰效果的轻质墙体。由面板和支承结构体系组成的,可相对主体结构有一定位移能力或自身有一定变形能力、不承担主体结构所作用的建筑外围护结构或装饰性结构(外墙框架式支撑体系也是幕墙体系的一种)。随着人们生活需要的不断提高,现在的幕墙已发展至兼具保温、隔音、防火功能,现有的幕墙支承结构体系一般为整体式结构,比较笨重不便于安装和拆卸,且损坏后需要将整块拆下。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种安装拆卸方便的光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统,实现装饰功能的作用下,具备隔音、保温功能,还能实现对太阳光热利用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是:一种光伏光热幕墙组件,其特征在于,它包括:
支架,所述支架通过螺栓固定在建筑外墙面;
承载架,所述承载架设置在支架前侧并与支架固定连接,在承载架的正面设有管托,管托用于实现对水管的支撑;
集热板架,所述集热板架设置在承载架前侧并与承载架固定连接,在承载架与集热板架之间设有保温块和隔音块,且保温块靠近支架设置;在集热板架的前端设置光伏板或集热板。
进一步地,所述支架包括一对平行设置的横杆和一对平行设置的竖杆,竖杆设置在两横杆之间且与横杆固定连接,在横杆和竖杆上均设有耳板,在耳板与外墙面之间设置螺栓。
进一步地,所述横杆包括内外设置的内杆和外杆,外杆为U形结构,内杆包括U形部分和延伸段,内杆的U形部分和延伸段分别与外杆上相对的两内壁接触,内杆的U形部分内侧形成插槽。
进一步地,承载架为“]”形结构,承载架的上端为上搭板,承载架的下端为下搭板,在上搭板底部固定有卡条,卡条用于伸入上方横杆的插槽内,在下搭板顶部设有限位槽,在下方横杆的插槽内固定有弹簧,弹簧自由端与限位杆连接,在限位杆下端设有外螺纹,在下方横杆的插槽内壁设有与外螺纹配合的内螺纹;限位杆上外螺纹与插槽内壁的内螺纹分离后在弹簧作用下限位杆下端伸入限位槽内。
进一步地,管托为上下设置的两根,在两管托之间设有一对与承载架固定连接的隔板;在保温块上设有卡槽,隔板伸入卡槽内;在隔板与保温块之间设有锁止机构。
进一步地,所述锁止机构为穿过保温块和隔板的螺栓;或者为固定在卡槽内壁上的卡条,在隔板侧壁设有凹槽,卡条伸入凹槽内实现隔板与保温块的相对固定。
进一步地,保温块的外层为铁皮,内层为保温棉;隔音块的外层为铁皮,隔音块的内层为隔音棉。
进一步地,所述集热板架为“]”形结构,集热板架的下端为固定卡头,集热板架的上端铰接安装有活动卡头,集热板下端与固定卡头接触,集热板上端与活动卡头接触,活动卡头与集热板架之间通过螺栓锁止固定。
一种光伏光热幕墙系统,其特征在于,它包括固定于外墙面上的幕墙组件、设置在幕墙组件上的换热箱、设置在换热箱与幕墙组件上集热板之间的导热介质管、设置在建筑内的水箱和散热片、设置在散热片与水箱之间的输送管、穿过幕墙组件且与水箱连接的水管;水箱内的冷水进入水管内流动至幕墙组件内时,幕墙组件内的换热箱与水管之间进行热交换对水管内的水进行加热;加热后的水流至输送管内,流经输送管上的散热片时对室内供暖。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供的一种光伏光热幕墙组件及幕墙系统,幕墙组件主要包括支架、承载架和集热板架,其中支架用于与外墙面固定连接,承载架与支架安装在一起,用于实现对水管、保温块和隔音块的支撑;集热板架于承载架固定安装在一起,用于实现对集热板的支撑。集热板用于吸收太阳能转变为热能,并与水管内的水进行热交换,实现对光热利用。使用时,在外墙面安装若干幕墙组件,在集热板架上还可以安装光伏板,用于吸收太阳能储存电能。这样在安装幕墙组件时,对于同一行的幕墙组件,可以安装若干集热板和若干光伏板,以利用光伏和光热。保温块、隔音块的模块化结构,便于更换和安装。支架、承载架和集热板架的结构设计以及相互之间的装配方式,便于装配以及对内部结构的维护。光伏光热幕墙系统,利用太阳能得到电能和热能,进而对室内进行供暖,由于在外墙面设置了大量的集热板,因此可以对导管内的水进行快速加热。且在幕墙组件上设置两根导管,进一步实现了对水的加热效率。本发明的幕墙系统,在实现装饰效果的同时,还能实现对光伏光热的利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的侧视图;
图2为支架正视图;
图3为横杆俯视图;
图4为横杆侧视图;
图5为承载架的侧视图;
图6为承载架的俯视图;
图7为承载架的正视图;
图8为承载架的后视图;
图9为管托的侧视图;
图10为隔板的侧视图;
图11为保温块的后视图;
图12为保温块的另外一种结构示意图(俯视);
图13为与图12的保温块配合的隔板俯视图;
图14为图12的剖视图;
图15为隔音块的侧视图;
图16为隔音块的正视图;
图17为集热板与集热板架的装配示意图;
图18为集热板架的侧视图;
图19为集热板架的俯视图;
图20为集热板架上活动卡头翻转后的示意图;
图21为活动卡头与集热板架固定在一起的示意图;
图22为将幕墙安装在外墙面上后防火泥涂抹示意图;
图23为下方横杆与承载架的固定示意图;
图24为本发明的幕墙系统的结构示意图;
图中:1支架,11横杆,111外杆,112内杆,113延伸段,12竖杆,121第一螺纹孔,13耳板,14第二螺纹孔,15插槽,16弹簧,17限位杆,171短轴,172连接块,173一字口,2承载架,20第三螺纹孔,21上搭板,22卡条,23下搭板,24限位槽,25隔板,251固定端,252穿孔,253凹槽,26安装杆,261第四螺纹孔,27管托,271通孔,272管套,28限位块,3螺栓,4保温块,41第五螺纹孔,42卡槽,43卡条,44保温棉,5隔音块,51粘接面,6集热板架,60第六螺纹孔,61固定卡头,62活动卡头,621第七螺纹孔,63合页,64下螺套,65上螺套,66背板,661定位槽,662搭杆,67第八螺纹孔,68长槽,7集热板,71换热箱,72导热介质管,8水管,81防火泥,82输送管,83水箱,84散热片,9缓冲垫。
具体实施方式
如图1至图23所示,本发明的幕墙组件主要包括支架1、承载架2、保温块4、隔音块5、集热板架6和集热板7,下面结合附图对本发明的幕墙组件进行详细描述。
如图1至图4所示,支架1包括两根平行设置的横杆11、两根平行设置的竖杆12,两竖杆位于两横杆之间,且横杆与竖杆垂直设置,两竖杆之间的距离小于横杆的长度。竖杆为方管,在竖杆的侧壁上设有第一螺纹孔121,如图4所示,横杆包括内外设置的内杆112和外杆111,外杆和内杆均为钣金件,外杆的横截面为“U”形,内杆包括一“U”形部分和一延伸段113,内杆设置在外杆内侧,且内杆的一侧壁和延伸段均与外杆内壁接触,内杆与外杆之间焊接固定。内杆的内侧形成插槽15,在横杆和竖杆上均固定有耳板13,在耳板上设有第二螺纹孔14。如图23所示,在下方横杆的插槽内设有弹簧16,弹簧的第一端与内杆固定连接,弹簧的第二端固定有连接块172,连接块与短轴171转动连接,短轴为限位杆17的一部分,限位杆滑动设置在插槽内。在弹簧的作用下限位杆的下端伸出插槽,在限位杆的下端设有外螺纹,在插槽开口处的内壁上设有几段内螺纹,内螺纹为断裂的(不完整),限位杆下端的外螺纹与插槽内壁的内螺纹配合在一起,实现限位杆与插槽之间的相对固定,进而将限位杆藏于插槽内。在下搭板上设有限位槽24,在限位杆下端端面内设有一字口173,下方横杆与下搭板贴合后,使用螺丝刀穿过限位槽伸入一字口内旋转限位杆,使得限位杆下端外螺纹与插槽内壁内螺纹分离,此时在弹簧的作用下限位杆下端弹出插槽伸入限位槽内,实现下搭板与下方横杆之间的相对固定。
安装时,将支架贴于外墙面,将膨胀螺栓穿过第二螺纹孔后固定在墙体上,实现支架与外墙面的固定安装。
如图1、图5至图8所示,承载架2为“]”形结构,承载架的两端分别为上搭板21和下搭板23,上搭板用于上方横杆上表面接触,下搭板用于与下方横杆下表面接触,进而使得承载架卡在支架上。在承载架上设有两列第三螺纹孔20,两列第三螺纹孔与竖杆上的第一螺纹孔对应、配合,在第一、第三螺纹孔内穿入螺栓3,实现承载架与支架之间的相对固定。在上搭板的下表面固定有卡条22,安装时,将卡条插入插槽内,然后使得上搭板与上方横杆贴合,随后将下搭板与下方横杆贴合。如图23所示,旋松限位杆,使得限位杆伸入限位槽内,进而实现下搭板与下方横杆的相对固定。
承载架与支架之间即可以通过穿入第一、第三螺纹孔内的螺栓实现相对固定,也可以通过卡条和限位杆实现相对固定。
如图7所示,在承载架的正面固定有两块平行设置的隔板25,如图13所示,隔板为“T”字形结构,隔板上的固定端251用于与承载架正面接触固定在一起。隔板的作用,一是作为加强筋增加承载架的结构强度,二是便于保温块的安装。在隔板上设有穿孔252,用于保温块的固定。如图10、图11所示,保温块4为长方体形结构,保温块外层为铁皮,内侧设置保温棉,在保温块上设有第五螺纹孔41,在保温块的背面设有卡槽42。安装时,将隔板伸入卡槽内,然后在穿孔与第五螺纹孔内穿入螺杆,实现保温块与承载架的相对固定。在每一承载架正面设置两块保温块,单块保温块体积小、重量小,便于加工和装配。如图12至图14所示,隔板与保温块之间的安装方式,还可以为其它形式,此时在隔板平行的两侧壁上设有凹槽253,在保温块的卡槽42内设有卡条43,卡槽宽度与隔板厚度相等。安装时,握住保温块两端向一侧掰动,使得卡槽张开,然后将隔板伸入卡槽内,此时卡条可以方便的移动至凹槽处,随后松开保温块,卡条便伸入凹槽内,实现保温块与隔板的卡接连接。如图5至图7所示,在承载架的正面设有上下设置的两排安装杆26,安装杆上设有第四螺纹孔261,在承载架的正面还固定有上下设置的两个管托27,管托27为“U”形结构,管托的开口端与承载板接触,管托位于上下两排安装杆之间,且安装杆与对应的管托焊接固定。管托的设置,一方面实现对安装杆的装配,另一方面实现对水管的支撑。如图9所示,在管托内侧设有管套272,管套由保温材质制成,水管置于管套内。在管托的内侧还设有限位块28,限位块塞入管托开口端,用于对管套进行限位。如图7所示,管托侧壁设置通孔271,以减轻重量。隔板介于上下两管托之间。螺杆构成了实现保温块与隔板之间相对固定的锁止机构,卡条构成了锁止机构的另外一种结构形式。
如图1所示,在承载架内还设有隔音块5,隔音块5外层为铁皮,内层为隔音棉。如图16所示,隔音块背面为粘接面51,安装时,将隔音块塞入承载架上的上下两排安装杆之间,并使得隔音块上的粘接面与保温块粘接固定在一起。可以通过在隔音块背面涂抹胶水获得粘接面。保温块和隔音块重量均较小,通过粘接实现隔音块与保温块的相对固定即可。
如图17所示,集热板架6整体也为“]”形结构,集热板架6的下端为固定卡头61,集热板架的上端为活动卡头62,固定卡头和活动卡头的末端设置弯钩,活动卡头宽度小于固定卡头宽度,在集热板架的顶部设有长槽68,在活动卡头与集热板架之间设有合页63,以实现活动卡头与集热板架之间的活动连接。在集热板架上端设有第六螺纹孔60,在活动卡头上设有第七螺纹孔621,第六、第七螺纹孔对正且在第六、第七螺纹孔之间穿入螺栓3,实现活动卡头与集热板架的相对固定。活动卡头与集热板架之间的固定方式还可以为其它形式,如图18、图19、图20和图21所示,在活动卡头的合页上固定有若干上螺套65,在集热板架的合页上固定有若干下螺套64,上、下螺套对正后穿入螺栓实现活动卡头和集热板架的相对固定。安装时,将活动卡头翻转,先将集热板7的下端放入固定卡头内,然后将集热板7上端与集热板架贴合,随后顺时针翻转活动卡头,使得活动卡头扣在集热板上端,此时将活动卡头与集热板架固定在一起,便可以实现集热板与集热板架的相对固定。集热板7安装在集热板架上后,集热板倾斜设置,以便于充分吸收太阳光。集热板包括呈钝角设置的两部分,以便于集热板与集热板架的装配。在集热板与集热板架之间设置柔性的缓冲垫9,以对集热板起到缓冲减震作用,避免在风力作用下集热板的振动和产生噪声。
在集热板架的背面固定有背板66,背板与集热板架之间固定连接。在背板上设有两个上下设置的定位槽661,在背板上还设有搭杆662。安装时,将安装杆端部伸入定位槽内,此时搭杆与安装杆接触,在集热板架与安装杆之间安装穿入安装杆内的螺栓3,实现集热板架与承载架的相对固定安装。在集热板架和背板上设有用于安装螺栓的第八螺纹孔67,螺栓穿过第八螺纹孔后与承载架上的安装杆固定连接。
安装时,首先将支架安装在外墙面上,然后将承载架与支架固定安装在一起,随后将水管8穿入套管内。然后将保温块安装在承载架上,随后将隔音块安装在承载架上,然后将集热板架与承载架固定安装在一起,最后将集热板安装于集热板架上,在承载架、集热板架、上方安装杆围成的区域内涂抹防火泥。然后,安装下一块幕墙组件。如图22所示,若干幕墙组件成行成列安装在外墙面上,在相邻两行的幕墙组件之间设置防火泥81,一方面实现对幕墙组件的间隔,防止火灾发生时相互之间的影响,另一方面填充幕墙组件顶部空间,起到密封作用。水管8穿过成行设置的幕墙组件上的套管,这样同一行的幕墙组件可以对同一水管作用,通过集热板实现与水管的换热。
本发明的幕墙组件,主要包括支架、承载架和集热板架,其中支架用于与外墙面固定连接,承载架与支架安装在一起,用于实现对水管、保温块和隔音块的支撑;集热板架于承载架固定安装在一起,用于实现对集热板的支撑。集热板用于吸收太阳能转变为热能,并与水管内的水进行热交换,实现对光热利用。使用时,在外墙面安装若干幕墙组件,在集热板架上还可以安装光伏板,用于吸收太阳能储存电能。这样在安装幕墙组件时,对于同一行的幕墙组件,可以安装若干集热板和若干光伏板,以利用光伏和光热。保温块、隔音块的模块化结构,便于更换和安装。支架、承载架和集热板架的结构设计以及相互之间的装配方式,便于装配以及对内部结构的维护。
如图24所示,一种光伏光热幕墙系统,包括设置在外墙面上的幕墙组件、设置在集热板架上的换热箱71、设置在换热箱与集热板之间的导热介质管72、设置在建筑内的水箱83、设置在建筑内的散热片84、设置在散热片与水箱之间的输送管82、穿过幕墙组件且与水箱连接的水管,水箱内的冷水进入水管内,流动至幕墙组件内时,幕墙组件内的换热箱与水管之间进行热交换,对水管内的水进行加热。加热后的水流至水箱内,然后流动至输送管内,最后流动至散热片内,对室内供暖。从散热片内流出的水回流至水箱然后流动至水管内,与换热箱之间再次进行热交换。在集热板架上设置缓冲垫,换热箱可以设置在缓冲垫内侧,一方面,缓冲垫对换热箱起到保温作用,另一方面,节省空间。
本发明的光伏光热幕墙系统,利用太阳能得到电能和热能,进而对室内进行供暖,由于在外墙面设置了大量的集热板,因此可以对导管内的水进行快速加热。且在幕墙组件上设置两根导管,进一步实现了对水的加热效率。本发明的幕墙系统,在实现装饰效果的同时,还能实现对光伏光热的利用。
Claims (4)
1.一种光伏光热幕墙组件,其特征在于,它包括:
支架,所述支架通过螺栓固定在建筑外墙面;所述支架包括一对平行设置的横杆和一对平行设置的竖杆,竖杆设置在两横杆之间且与横杆固定连接,在横杆和竖杆上均设有耳板,在耳板与外墙面之间设置螺栓;所述横杆包括内外设置的内杆和外杆,外杆为U形结构,内杆包括U 形部分和延伸段,内杆的U 形部分和延伸段分别与外杆上相对的两内壁接触,内杆的U形部分内侧形成插槽;
承载架,所述承载架设置在支架前侧并与支架固定连接,在所述承载架的正面设有上下设置的两排安装杆,所述安装杆上设有第四螺纹孔,在承载架的正面设有管托,所述管托位于上下两排安装杆之间,且所述安装杆与对应的管托焊接固定,管托用于实现对水管的支撑;承载架为“]”形结构,承载架的上端为上搭板,承载架的下端为下搭板,在上搭板底部固定有卡条,卡条用于伸入上方横杆的插槽内,在下搭板顶部设有限位槽,在下方横杆的插槽内固定有弹簧,弹簧自由端与限位杆连接,在限位杆下端设有外螺纹,在下方横杆的插槽内壁设有与外螺纹配合的内螺纹;限位杆上外螺纹与插槽内壁的内螺纹分离后在弹簧作用下限位杆下端伸入限位槽内;管托为上下设置的两根,在两管托之间设有一对与承载架固定连接的隔板;在保温块上设有卡槽,隔板伸入卡槽内;在隔板与保温块之间设有锁止机构;
集热板架,所述集热板架为“]”形结构,集热板架的下端为固定卡头,集热板架的上端铰接安装有活动卡头,在承载架与集热板架之间设有保温块和隔音块,且保温块靠近支架设置;在集热板架的前端设置光伏板或集热板,集热板下端与固定卡头接触,集热板上端与活动卡头接触,活动卡头与集热板架之间通过螺栓锁止固定;在所述集热板架的背面固定有背板,在所述背板上设有两个上下设置的定位槽,在所述背板上还设有搭杆,安装时将所述安装杆端部伸入定位槽内,此时所述搭杆与安装杆接触,在所述集热板架与安装杆之间安装穿入安装杆内的螺栓,实现所述集热板架与承载架的相对固定安装;在所述集热板架和背板上设有用于安装螺栓的第八螺纹孔,螺栓穿过第八螺纹孔后与承载架上的安装杆固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏光热幕墙组件,其特征在于,所述锁止机构为穿过保温块和隔板的螺栓;或者为固定在卡槽内壁上的卡条,在隔板侧壁设有凹槽,卡条伸入凹槽内实现隔板与保温块的相对固定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏光热幕墙组件,其特征在于,保温块的外层为铁皮,内层为保温棉;隔音块的外层为铁皮,隔音块的内层为隔音棉。
4.具有权利要求1至3任一项所述的光伏光热幕墙组件的光伏光热幕墙系统,其特征在于,它包括固定于外墙面上的幕墙组件、设置在幕墙组件上的换热箱、设置在换热箱与幕墙组件上集热板之间的导热介质管、设置在建筑内的水箱和散热片、设置在散热片与水箱之间的输送管、穿过幕墙组件且与水箱连接的水管;水箱内的冷水进入水管内流动至幕墙组件内时,幕墙组件内的换热箱与水管之间进行热交换对水管内的水进行加热;加热后的水流至输送管内,流经输送管上的散热片时对室内供暖。
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