CN114027126A - Planting method of garlic - Google Patents

Planting method of garlic Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114027126A
CN114027126A CN202111392538.8A CN202111392538A CN114027126A CN 114027126 A CN114027126 A CN 114027126A CN 202111392538 A CN202111392538 A CN 202111392538A CN 114027126 A CN114027126 A CN 114027126A
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garlic
planting
soluble silicon
soil
inorganic nano
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Inventor
徐振彪
宋林霞
尹丹丹
封敏敏
金榴红
焦雪
陈斌
田园
张宇轩
徐润奇
李根安
房纪秀
谭皓天
于鑫钰
李卓航
颜世红
刘建鲁
侯佳
孙丽娜
刘啊凤
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Shandong University of Technology
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Shandong University of Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/35Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of garlic. According to the planting method of the garlic, the planting distance of the garlic is as follows: the row spacing is 18 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm; respectively spraying inorganic nanometer water-soluble silicon diluent in 4 periods of garlic planting, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting; the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon diluent is obtained by diluting the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon by 380-fold and 420-fold; the dosage of the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is 120 ml and 180 ml per mu of land. The garlic planted by the method has low planting cost, higher yield and higher quality.

Description

Planting method of garlic
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of garlic.
Background
Garlic is rich in proteins, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, minerals, etc. It can be used as flavoring agent, and can be used as medicine for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, resisting tumor and pathogenic microorganism, and has effects of preventing diseases and promoting health. Due to continuous cropping for many years, improper measures such as long-term asexual propagation, planting mode, management mode and the like, garlic varieties are seriously degraded, the diseases and insect pests are serious, and the yield is lingering.
At present, the unreasonable situation of planting of agricultural species in China is that a large amount of chemical substances are used in agricultural planting, the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent, plant diseases and insect pests are controlled, the problems of soil hardening, fertility reduction, pesticide residue and the like are caused, and the effectiveness of fertilizer substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is more and more limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the garlic planting method, and the garlic planting method has the advantages of low planting cost, higher yield and higher quality.
The planting method of the garlic of the invention sprays inorganic nanometer water-soluble silicon diluent in 4 periods of planting the garlic respectively, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting;
the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon diluent is prepared by diluting the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon by 380-fold, preferably by 400-fold;
the dosage of the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is 120 ml per mu of land and 180 ml per time, and preferably 150 ml per mu of land.
In the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon, the granularity of nano silicon is less than 50 nm, and the content is not less than 60%.
The inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is preferably 'Lujia I' water-soluble silicon produced by Ziboshan Jia Si-Al new material GmbH.
Spacing for planting garlic: the row spacing is 18 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm.
Preferably, the planting method of garlic comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: loosening the soil, increasing the air permeability of the soil and facilitating the respiration of the garlic seeds;
(2) seed selection: selecting complete garlic cloves with good color and luster, and drying in the sun for 1-2 hours;
(3) planting: burying garlic cloves in soil, and covering with thin soil;
(4) watering: watering for the first time, and thoroughly watering;
(5) field management: watering regularly to ensure soil moistening; removing weeds regularly; applying urea (seedling promoting fertilizer) for one time after the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month, and respectively adding urea and compound fertilizer when the garlic turns green, shoots and garlic bulbs expand in the next year;
(6) spraying inorganic nano water-soluble silicon:
diluting inorganic nanometer water soluble silicon, and spraying in 4 periods of garlic, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting;
(7) and (6) harvesting.
In the step (1), a small amount of fertilizer raw materials can be adopted during soil loosening, so that the soil fertility is increased.
In the step (3), the planting time is 9 last ten days.
In the step (7), the harvesting time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months of the second year.
The traditional planting method of garlic, the planting time is 9 last ten days, generally comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: loosening the soil, increasing the air permeability of the soil and facilitating the respiration of the garlic seeds; uses some fertilizer raw materials to increase the soil fertility.
(2) Seed selection: selecting garlic cloves with good color and luster and big heads, drying the garlic cloves in the sun for 1-2 hours, and then burying the complete garlic cloves in soil and covering the soil with thin soil. The distance between the garlic cloves is 18 cm in row spacing and 12 cm in plant spacing.
(3) Watering: the first watering is to ensure thorough watering, and the later watering is to ensure soil moistening.
(4) Field management: and (4) watering regularly, removing weeds and other traditional management methods. And (3) applying a seedling accelerating fertilizer (urea) for one time after the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month.
(5) Fertilizing: when the green-turning fertilizer is used in the next year, the green-turning fertilizer (urea) is applied to the growth of heart leaves; applying bolting fertilizer (compound fertilizer) in the bolting period; after one month, a fertilizer (compound fertilizer) for strengthening the head is applied to swell the garlic.
(6) Harvesting: in the middle and late 5 months of the second year.
Firstly, compared with the traditional planting mode, the invention reduces the investment:
the distance between garlic cloves is 18 cm in row spacing and 12 cm in plant spacing in the traditional planting. According to the experimental result, after the nano water-soluble silicon is sprayed, the garlic heads are obviously enlarged, and the plant spacing is expanded from the original 12 cm to 15 cm in order to ensure good growth conditions of the garlic in the later period.
In this way, taking one mu of field as an example, about 3 thousand garlic plants are planted originally, and 2.5 thousand garlic plants are planted at present, which reduces 5000 garlic plants. The price of the garlic species is calculated by 3 yuan/jin on average, and the garlic cloves of the garlic are 8 cloves on average, and about 64 cloves per jin. Calculated, 5000 ÷ 64 × 3 ═ 234.375 yuan. Therefore, the investment of garlic seeds at the early stage can be reduced by 230 yuan per mu.
Compared with the traditional planting method, the use of the nano water-soluble silicon can effectively enhance the insect-resistant, pest-resistant and stress-resistant capabilities of the garlic, improve the soil, promote the garlic to effectively absorb nutrient elements in the soil and inhibit soil germs.
Compared with the traditional planting method, the method disclosed by the invention has the following additional expenditure:
(1) purchase of Nano Water-soluble silicon
The price of the nano water-soluble silicon is 500 yuan per barrel, 5 liters per barrel, the usage amount of one time per mu of land is calculated according to 150 milliliters, and 4 times of nano water-soluble silicon is needed to be sprayed in the planting process of garlic. It can be calculated that (150 × 4/5000) × 500 ═ 60 yuan.
(2) Fertilizer application equipment
With the development of economy, more and more scientific and technical products are applied to agricultural production. For large garlic planting bases, the manner of hiring artificial fertilization is not as economical as renting the associated equipment. And (3) fertilizing by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the cost for one time per mu is 6 yuan, and the cost for 4 times is 24 yuan.
Compared with the traditional planting method, the yield is increased:
(1) garlic sprout
According to statistics, the yield of garlic shoots per mu is 500-600 jin by adopting the traditional planting mode, and the average value of 560 jin is taken as calculation data.
After the nano water-soluble silicon is used, the yield of the young garlic shoots can be increased by about 15 percent, and the market price of the young garlic shoots is about 1.2 yuan/jin. Therefore, the yield of the garlic shoots per mu can be increased by 560 multiplied by 15% multiplied by 1.2 to 100.8 yuan.
Note: in 2021, according to the latest feedback of garlic planting farmers, after the scientific planting mode of the invention is adopted, the maturity period of the garlic stems is one week earlier than that of the original garlic stems, the garlic stems sell 2.5 yuan one jin in this period, and when most of the garlic stems are mature and come to the market, the sale price of the garlic stems is reduced to 1.5 to 1.8 yuan one jin. Therefore, the garlic grower adopting the scientific planting mode of the invention can obtain more benefits from the time difference.
(2) Garlic
According to statistics of relevant organizations, the yield of garlic per mu is about 3700 jin, the yield is increased by at least about 13% after the nano water-soluble silicon is used, and the purchase price given by companies also varies every year, and the average is about 1.8 yuan/jin, namely, the yield of garlic increased by farmers can be increased by 3700 x 13% × 1.8 ═ 865.8 yuan.
Fourthly, the analysis can obtain that after the planting mode of the invention is adopted, the farmers can more earn for one mu than 1100 yuan.
And fifthly, comparing the traditional planting mode with the scientific planting mode, wherein the comparison is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of traditional planting patterns with the scientific planting patterns of the present invention
Figure BDA0003369246800000031
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. firstly, changing the planting distance of garlic from 12 cm to 15 cm, and changing the row spacing to 18 cm; the diluted silicon material solution is sprayed for four times according to the growth rule of garlic, and is sprayed for 4 times when the inorganic silicon is used in the next year, namely, the diluted silicon material solution is sprayed once respectively before and after the turning green, the pulling high and the bolting. The garlic planted by the method has low planting cost, higher yield and higher quality.
2. According to the invention, the nano water-soluble silicon fertilizer is applied in the planting process, and the planted garlic is a garlic with larger size and higher nutritive value. The silicon element is a fourth nutrient element substance except nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the water-soluble nano silicon material can improve the stress resistance of plants, improve the light and efficiency, regulate the nutrient absorption of the plants, promote the growth of root systems, effectively prevent heavy metals in soil from being absorbed by the plants and improve the biochemical indexes of the plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the total protein concentration corresponding to different sprays when the planting method of the present invention was used;
FIG. 2 shows the total chlorophyll content corresponding to different spray solutions when the planting method of the present invention is used.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
The planting method provided by the invention is adopted to test garlic planting film areas in Gaoqing county. Example 1 the planting method of the present invention was used, and comparative example 1 the conventional planting method was used. Example 1 and comparative example 1 the same garlic seeds were used and planted in two test fields (size: 1 mu) of the same soil texture.
In the embodiment, the adopted inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is 'Lujia I' water-soluble silicon produced by Zibo mountain jia silicon-aluminum new material GmbH.
Example 1
The garlic planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: loosening soil, fertilizing in the process of loosening soil. 3000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied, and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer special for garlic is applied.
(2) Seed selection: selecting complete garlic cloves with good color and luster, and drying in the sun for 2 hours.
(3) Planting: burying garlic cloves in soil, covering with thin soil, and planting for: 2020.9.30, respectively; spacing for planting garlic: the row spacing is 18 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm. 250 jin of garlic is planted in one mu of land.
(4) Watering: watering for the first time and watering thoroughly.
(5) Field management: watering regularly to ensure soil moistening; removing weeds regularly; after the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month, urea is applied once, and urea and compound fertilizer are added when the garlic turns green, shoots and garlic bulbs expand in the next year.
The dosage of the urea is 40kg after the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month.
When the garlic turns green, shoots and garlic bulbs are expanded, 40kg of urea and 50kg of compound fertilizer are added in each period.
(6) Spraying inorganic nano water-soluble silicon:
diluting inorganic nanometer water soluble silicon, and spraying in 4 periods of garlic, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting;
the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is diluted by 400 times by water, and 150 milliliters of water is used for each time period per mu of land.
(7) Harvesting: 2021.5.25.
in example 1, 690 jin of garlic shoots are harvested together, the unit price is 2.5 yuan, and the garlic shoots are sold to 1725 yuan, 4292 jin of harvested garlic is sold to 15022 yuan. Total income: 16747 yuan.
The fertilizer adopted above is as follows:
farmyard manure is a farmer culture product, and the cost is not counted.
Urea, co-dosed 160kg, urea 130 units/bag, 50 kg/bag, monovalent 2.6 units/kg, combined: 416 Yuan.
The compound fertilizer is applied by 200kg, 160 yuan per bag, 40kg per bag and 4 yuan per kg per unit, and the total weight is as follows: 800 yuan.
The total cost of the fertilizers (urea and compound fertilizer) is as follows: 1216 yuan.
The silicon fertilizer is totally 600 ml, which is reduced to 60 yuan.
The garlic seeds are 250 jin, the unit price is 3 yuan, and the garlic seeds are 750 yuan.
Total income per mu: 16747 and 1216-60-750, 14721 yuan.
Comparative example 1
The garlic planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: loosening the soil, increasing the air permeability of the soil and facilitating the respiration of the garlic seeds; uses some fertilizer raw materials to increase the soil fertility. 3000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied, and 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer special for garlic is applied.
(2) Seed selection: selecting garlic cloves with good color and luster and big heads, drying the garlic cloves in the sun for 2 hours, and then burying the complete garlic cloves in soil and covering the soil with thin soil. The distance between the garlic cloves is 18 cm in row spacing, 12 cm in plant spacing and 2020.9.30 in planting time; 300 jin of garlic is planted in one mu of land.
(3) Watering: the first watering is to ensure thorough watering, and the later watering is to ensure soil moistening.
(4) Field management: and (4) watering regularly, removing weeds and other traditional management methods. After the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month, applying a seedling promoting fertilizer (urea) once, wherein the dosage of the urea is 40 kg.
(5) Fertilizing: when the green-turning fertilizer is used in the next year, the green-turning fertilizer (urea) is applied to the growth of heart leaves; applying bolting fertilizer (compound fertilizer) in the bolting period; after one month, a fertilizer (compound fertilizer) for strengthening the head is applied to swell the garlic.
The dosage of the urea is 40kg, and the dosage of the compound fertilizer in each period is 50 kg.
(6) Harvesting: 2021.5.31.
in comparative example 1, 570 jin of garlic shoots are harvested together, and compared with example 1, the unit price of the garlic shoots is 1.8 yuan later for one week, and the garlic shoots are sold to 1026 yuan, and 3700 jin of garlic is harvested and is sold to 12950 yuan.
The fertilizer adopted above is as follows:
farmyard manure is a farmer culture product, and the cost is not counted.
Urea, co-administered 80kg, urea 130 yuan/bag, 50 kg/bag, monovalent 2.6 yuan/kg, combined: 208 yuan;
150kg of compound fertilizer, 160 yuan per bag of compound fertilizer, 40kg per bag, 4 yuan per kg of compound fertilizer, and the total amount is as follows: 600 yuan.
The total cost of the fertilizers (urea and compound fertilizer) is as follows: 808 yuan.
The garlic seeds are 300 jin, the unit price is 3 yuan, and the garlic seeds are 900 yuan.
Total income per mu: 12950, 808, 900, 11242.
In addition, example 1 bolting time was one week earlier than comparative example 1.
The ingredient analysis of the garlic planted in example 1 and comparative example 1 is shown in Table 2. For the analysis of the components, samples were randomly withdrawn. Except for kJ/100g of energy unit, the units of the other components are mg/100 g.
TABLE 2 analytical results
Figure BDA0003369246800000061
Figure BDA0003369246800000071

Claims (7)

1. A garlic planting method is characterized in that: respectively spraying inorganic nanometer water-soluble silicon diluent in 4 periods of garlic planting, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting;
the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon diluent is obtained by diluting the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon by 380-fold and 420-fold;
the dosage of the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon is 120 ml and 180 ml per mu of land.
2. The method for planting garlic according to claim 1, wherein: the inorganic nano water-soluble silicon diluent is used for diluting inorganic nano water-soluble silicon by 400 times.
3. The method for planting garlic according to claim 1, wherein: spacing for planting garlic: the row spacing is 18 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm.
4. A method for planting garlic as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: loosening the soil;
(2) seed selection: selecting complete garlic cloves with good color and luster, and drying in the sun for 1-2 hours;
(3) planting: burying garlic cloves in soil, and covering with thin soil;
(4) watering: watering for the first time, and thoroughly watering;
(5) field management: watering regularly to ensure soil moistening; removing weeds regularly; applying urea once after the garlic sprouts come out of the soil for half a month, and respectively adding urea and a compound fertilizer when the garlic turns green, shoots and garlic bulbs expand in the next year;
(6) spraying inorganic nano water-soluble silicon:
diluting inorganic nanometer water soluble silicon, and spraying in 4 periods of garlic, wherein the 4 periods are as follows: turning green, pulling high, before bolting and after bolting;
(7) and (6) harvesting.
5. The method for planting garlic according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (1), fertilizer raw materials are adopted during soil loosening.
6. The method for planting garlic according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), the planting time is 9 last ten days.
7. The method for planting garlic according to claim 4, wherein: in the step (7), the harvesting time is in the middle and last ten days of 5 months of the second year.
CN202111392538.8A 2021-11-23 2021-11-23 Planting method of garlic Pending CN114027126A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105340549A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-02-24 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for Jinxiang garlic
RU2016123765A (en) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Государственный университет по землеустройству" GARLIC PLANTING METHOD
CN109673453A (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-26 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 Garlic planting method with high garlic shoot yield

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105340549A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-02-24 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for Jinxiang garlic
RU2016123765A (en) * 2016-06-16 2017-12-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Государственный университет по землеустройству" GARLIC PLANTING METHOD
CN109673453A (en) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-26 灵川县海洋乡欣源食品有限公司 Garlic planting method with high garlic shoot yield

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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Title
张明祥 等: "速溶硅肥对大蒜产量和品质的影响", 《农业科技通讯》 *
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