CN114025331A - Traffic system based on heterogeneous network and network selection method under heterogeneous network environment - Google Patents
Traffic system based on heterogeneous network and network selection method under heterogeneous network environment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a traffic system based on a heterogeneous network and a network selection method under the heterogeneous network environment, wherein the system comprises a crossroad, a bidirectional multi-lane, a plurality of networks of different types, road side units of the plurality of networks of different types and a data center server; the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in the candidate network based on the vehicle request information and the network state information, and screens out the candidate network which can cause unnecessary switching based on the residence time. And then, calculating subjective weight and objective weight of the network attribute by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, and calculating comprehensive weight of the network attribute by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight. And calculating the comprehensive utility value of the candidate networks and selecting an available network set. And finally, selecting and switching the optimal network by combining the available network set. The invention can effectively reduce the network switching blocking probability under the heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network environment and improve the network throughput of the system, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and user requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking, and relates to a traffic system based on a heterogeneous network and a network selection method oriented to a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment, in particular to a traffic system based on a heterogeneous network and a network selection method oriented to a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment in an urban scene.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile internet and communication technology, heterogeneous networks with various network convergence become a necessary trend for the development of network communication. Under the heterogeneous network environment, efficient network selection and switching are beneficial to guaranteeing the service quality experience of users. The heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network using the vehicle as a main carrier has the characteristics of high vehicle moving speed, diversified user requirements, frequent network topology change and the like, and easily causes the occurrence of a 'switching blocking' phenomenon and the reduction of the utilization rate of network resources, which is a problem to be solved urgently in the field of intelligent transportation at present.
With the increasing number and types of accessible networks and the increasing complexity of urban vehicular network environments, the traditional network selection method based on a single factor (such as received signal strength) has been difficult to work. Therefore, most of the current researches on the network selection method integrate a plurality of judgment factors, and perform performance evaluation on a plurality of candidate networks through a multi-attribute decision theory to obtain and access the candidate network closest to the ideal network.
However, the existing network selection method based on multi-attribute decision still has many problems. For example, many methods lack pre-processing of candidate networks, and those candidate networks where the vehicle can only make a short stop are prone to unnecessary network handover; in addition, after performance evaluation of candidate networks is completed, the best network is often selected blindly for access, which easily causes the occurrence of 'switching blocking' phenomenon and reduces the utilization rate of network resources, and is difficult to meet the dynamically changing vehicle-mounted environment and user requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing heterogeneous network selection method, the invention provides a heterogeneous network-based traffic system and a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment-oriented network selection method, wherein after unqualified candidate networks are screened out, the comprehensive weights of network attributes are calculated by integrating subjective and objective weights, the advantages and disadvantages of network performance are evaluated by utilizing the comprehensive utility value of the candidate networks, and the optimal network is selected and accessed from an optional network set.
The technical scheme adopted by the system of the invention is as follows: a traffic system based on heterogeneous networks comprises a crossroad and a bidirectional multi-lane, wherein a plurality of networks of different types are crossed and covered at the crossroad and nearby areas, and a plurality of road side units and data center servers of different types of networks;
the vehicle nodes in the system are randomly distributed, the running speed is dynamically changed, the running direction comprises straight running, left turning, right turning and turning around, and the vehicle nodes can only access one network to enjoy data communication service at the same time; the road side unit is used for providing wireless communication services, including voice conversation, real-time streaming media, network interaction and background downloading, and collecting request information of passing vehicles; the data center server is used for processing vehicle request information and network state information uploaded by the road side unit.
The method adopts the technical scheme that: a network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment comprises the following steps:
step 1: the road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, and uploads the vehicle request information and the network state information to a data center server after receiving a request message sent by a vehicle; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
step 2: the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in each candidate network and compares the residence time with a threshold time t0By comparison, if the estimated dwell time is less than the threshold time t0If not, the corresponding network is retained;
and step 3: subjective weight w of network attribute is calculated by using order relation methodaCalculating objective weight w of network attribute by using coefficient of variation methodbIntroducing an adjustment coefficient to calculate the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
and 4, step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method, and if the comprehensive utility value C is greater than the threshold value C meeting the vehicle communication service requirementminIf not, the network can not be added into the optional network set;
and 5: and selecting and switching the optimal network by combining the selectable network set, and ending the process.
The method comprises the steps of firstly pre-screening candidate networks based on the residence time of vehicles in the networks, then respectively calculating subjective weight and objective weight of network attributes by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, calculating comprehensive weight of the network attributes by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight, then calculating comprehensive utility value of the candidate networks and selecting available network sets, and finally selecting and switching the optimal networks by combining the selectable network sets. The invention can effectively reduce the blocking probability of network switching and improve the network throughput, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and user requirements.
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FIG. 1 is a system model of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a scenario for estimating vehicle network residence time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the probability of a handoff jam for different vehicle numbers according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing network throughput for different vehicle numbers according to the method of the embodiment of the present invention and other two methods.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practicing the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to be limiting.
In the existing heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network selection method based on multi-attribute decision, the problems that the preprocessing of candidate networks is lacked, the optimal network is selected blindly for access, so that the switching blockage phenomenon is caused, the utilization rate of network resources is reduced and the like exist. The invention provides a new network selection method facing the heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment in the urban traffic scene. A network selection method facing heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment is used for efficiently selecting and switching networks. The basic idea of the method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of collecting and processing request information of vehicles and state information of networks in real time, screening candidate networks causing unnecessary switching by estimating residence time of the request vehicles in the candidate networks, establishing a candidate network evaluation model, calculating comprehensive utility values of the candidate networks, selecting an optional network set, and selecting an optimal network as a switching target by combining the optional network set.
Please refer to fig. 1, the traffic system based on heterogeneous network provided by the present invention includes a crossroad and a bidirectional multi-lane, wherein various different types of networks cross and cover the crossroad and the nearby area, and relates to 1 LTE mobile communication base station, 2 WiMAX mobile communication base stations and 2 WLAN mobile communication base stations, including road side units and data center servers of various different types of networks; in the embodiment, the vehicle nodes are randomly distributed, the driving speed is dynamically changed, the driving direction comprises straight movement, left turning, right turning and turning around, and the vehicle nodes can only access one network to enjoy data communication service at the same time; the road side unit in the embodiment is used for providing wireless communication services of voice conversation, real-time streaming media, network interaction, background downloading and the like, and collecting request information of passing vehicles; in this embodiment, the data center server is configured to process vehicle request information and network status information uploaded by the road side unit.
In order to enable a vehicle to select a proper network access, performance evaluation is performed on a currently detected candidate network when the vehicle initiates a network switching request, and after the performance evaluation value of the candidate network is obtained, whether switching is performed needs to be judged, but the existing method has the following problems:
(1) networks in which vehicles can only stay for a short time often exist in the heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment, unnecessary network switching is easily caused, and the networks are not processed;
(2) after the performance of the candidate network is evaluated, the optimal network is selected blindly for access, which is not beneficial to the efficient and balanced utilization of network resources.
Therefore, the invention provides a network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment, which is characterized in that unqualified candidate networks are screened out based on the residence time of vehicles in the network, then the subjective weight and the objective weight of network attributes are respectively calculated by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, the comprehensive weight of the network attributes is calculated by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight, then the comprehensive utility value of the candidate networks is calculated, an available network set is selected, and finally the selection and the switching of the optimal network are performed by combining with an optional network set.
Referring to fig. 2, a network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that a road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, wherein the vehicle request information comprises an identifier, a driving speed, a driving direction, a geographical position and a communication service type of a vehicle, and the network state information comprises the bandwidth, time delay jitter, packet loss rate, bit error rate and received signal strength of a network; after receiving a request message sent by a vehicle, the road side unit uploads vehicle request information and network state information to a data center server; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
step 2: the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in each candidate network and compares the residence time with a threshold time t0By comparison, if the estimated dwell time is less than the threshold time t0If not, the corresponding network is retained;
in this embodiment, the process of estimating the residence time of the requested vehicle in the candidate network is as follows: assuming movement of a vehicle in a candidate networkThe trajectory is as shown in fig. 3, the base station S is located at the candidate network center with the signal coverage radius R, the vehicle enters the signal coverage range of the base station S from the point P, travels to the point a after the time Δ t, and finally exits the signal coverage range of the base station S from the point Q. The geographical position information of the point A is (x)A,yA) The geographical location information of the base station S is (x)S,yS) Calculating the distance D between the point A and the base station SSAAs shown in formula (1):
calculating the distance D between the point A and the point B according to the geometrical relationship between the point A and the point B in FIG. 3ABAs shown in formula (2):
where v is the moving speed of the vehicle.
And (3) calculating the total length L of the remaining movement track of the vehicle in the candidate network signal range, as shown in formula (3):
L＝2DAB+vΔt (3)
estimating the estimated residence time t of the vehicle in the candidate network, as shown in equation (4):
and step 3: subjective weight w of network attribute is calculated by using order relation methodaCalculating objective weight w of network attribute by using coefficient of variation methodb(ii) a Introducing an adjusting coefficient alpha to calculate the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
in the embodiment, the subjective weight w of the network attribute is calculated by using the order relation methoda；
After the network attribute is normalized, if the network attribute I is processedjThe importance degree of the service type is greater than the network attribute Ij-1Then record Ij>Ij-1(j is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n), wherein n is the number of network attributes; and dividing voice conversation, real-time streaming media and network interaction into real-time services according to different sensitivity degrees to time delay, and dividing background downloading into non-real-time services. The corresponding sequence relation of the real-time class service is as follows: received signal strength>Time delay>Delay jitter>Bandwidth of>Packet loss rate>The error rate and the corresponding sequence relation of the non-real-time services are as follows: received signal strength>Error rate>Bandwidth of>Packet loss rate>Time delay>And (4) time delay jitter.
Let neighboring network attribute IjAnd Ij-1The ratio of the degree of importance with respect to the traffic type is Rj，1.0≤RjLess than or equal to 1.8 and interference according to human factors to adjacent network attribute IjAnd Ij-1The importance of the system is judged. Attribute Ij-1Ratio attribute IjWhen of equal importance, RjTaking the value of 1.0; attribute Ij-1Ratio attribute IjThe higher the relative degree of importance of R, the higher RjThe larger the value is;
computing network Properties IjSubjective weight w ofajAs shown in formula (5):
the embodiment utilizes the variation coefficient method to calculate the objective weight w of the network attributeb；
In order to reasonably compare various network attributes with different dimensions, the objective weight of the network attributes is processed by adopting the variation coefficient of the network attributes. First, the network attribute I is calculatedjCoefficient of variation U ofjAs shown in formula (6):
wherein σjIs a network attribute IjStandard deviation of (a), kjIs a network attribute IjAverage of σjAnd kjThe values of (A) are respectively shown as formula (7) and formula (8):
fijand j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n. m is the number of candidate networks, and n is the number of network attributes;
computing network Properties IjObjective weight w ofbjAs shown in formula (9):
in the embodiment, the adjustment coefficient alpha is introduced, alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and the network attribute I is calculatedjIntegrated weight W ofj：
Wj＝αwaj+(1-α)wbj (10)
And 4, step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method, and if the comprehensive utility value C is greater than the threshold value C meeting the vehicle communication service requirementminIf not, the network can not be added into the optional network set;
after the comprehensive weight of the network attribute is calculated, the comprehensive utility value of the candidate network T can be calculated by a simple weighting methodiIntegrated utility value of CiThe calculation is made by the following formula:
wherein, WjThe composite weight, f, representing the jth network attributeijAn attribute value representing a jth attribute of the ith candidate network.
And 5: combining the selectable network set to perform network selection and switching operation, and ending the process;
in this implementation, the steps specifically include the following steps:
step 5.1: note that the current access network is NcurrentThe network with the maximum comprehensive utility value in the optional network set is Nbest. Calculating a comprehensive utility value C of the current access networkcurrentCombined utility value C with minimum network for meeting current vehicle traffic demandsminMaking a comparison if Ccurrent＞CminIf yes, turning to step 5.2, otherwise, turning to step 5.3;
step 5.2: keeping the access state of the current network unchanged, not switching the network, and ending the process;
step 5.3: performing network switching operation, and selecting and accessing the network N with the maximum comprehensive utility valuebestThe process is ended.
To illustrate the process performance of this example, several methods are provided for comparison as follows:
1) MADM-VHO, a network selection method based on multi-attribute decision.
2) ST-VHO, a network selection method with dwell time as the main decision factor.
And performing a comparison experiment based on MATLAB, and comparing the switching blocking probability and the network throughput of the three network selection methods under the condition of different vehicle quantities. Fig. 4 shows that the handover blocking probability of the proposed network selection method performs best in the three methods, which is 33.97% lower at 100 vehicle numbers compared to the relatively better performing MADM-VHO method. Fig. 5 shows that the network throughput of the proposed network selection method is the best in the three methods, and compared with the MADM-VHO method with better performance, the network throughput is improved by 12.78-17.12%.
The method screens out the network which can provide more stable communication service by estimating the residence time of the vehicle in the candidate network, more accurately evaluates the performance of the candidate network by combining the subjective and objective weight construction utility function, and avoids the blind access of the candidate network with the maximum comprehensive utility value by judging whether the comprehensive utility value of the current access network meets the minimum requirement of the current vehicle communication service. The invention can effectively reduce the network switching blocking probability and improve the network throughput of the system, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and user requirements.
It should be understood that the above description of the preferred embodiments is given for clarity and not for any purpose of limitation, and that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A traffic system based on heterogeneous network is characterized in that: the system comprises a crossroad and a bidirectional multi-lane, wherein a plurality of different types of networks are crossed and covered at the crossroad and nearby areas, and a plurality of road side units and data center servers of different types of networks;
the vehicle nodes in the system are randomly distributed, the running speed is dynamically changed, the running direction comprises straight running, left turning, right turning and turning around, and the vehicle nodes can only access one network to enjoy data communication service at the same time; the road side unit is used for providing wireless communication services, including voice conversation, real-time streaming media, network interaction and background downloading, and collecting request information of passing vehicles; the data center server is used for processing vehicle request information and network state information uploaded by the road side unit.
2. A network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, and uploads the vehicle request information and the network state information to a data center server after receiving a request message sent by a vehicle; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
step 2: data center server estimates that the requesting vehicle isResidence time in each candidate network and with a threshold time t0By comparison, if the estimated dwell time is less than the threshold time t0If not, the corresponding network is retained;
and step 3: calculating subjective weight w of network attributesaCalculating objective weights w of network attributesbCalculating the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
and 4, step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network, if the comprehensive utility value C is larger than the threshold value C meeting the vehicle communication service requirementminIf not, the network can not be added into the optional network set;
and 5: and selecting and switching the optimal network by combining the selectable network set, and ending the process.
3. The method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: in step 1, the vehicle request information includes an identifier, a driving speed, a driving direction, a geographical position and a communication service type of the vehicle, and the network state information includes a bandwidth, a time delay jitter, a packet loss rate, a bit error rate and a received signal strength of the network.
4. The method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 2, the base station S is positioned in a candidate network center with a signal coverage radius R, a vehicle enters a signal coverage range of the base station S from a point P, runs to a point A after a time delta t, and finally runs out of the signal coverage range of the base station S from a point Q; the geographical position information of the point A is (x)A,yA) The geographical location information of the base station S is (x)S,yS) Calculating the distance D between the point A and the base station SSA：
Calculating the distance D between the point A and the point BAB：
Wherein v is the moving speed of the vehicle;
calculating the total length L of the residual moving track of the vehicle in the range of the candidate network signals:
L＝2DAB+vΔt (3)
estimating the estimated residence time t of the vehicle in the candidate network:
5. the method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: in step 3, subjective weight w of network attribute is calculated by using a sequence relation methoda；
After the network attribute is normalized, if the network attribute I is processedjThe importance degree of the service type is greater than the network attribute Ij-1Then record Ij>Ij-1J is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, and n is the number of network attributes; dividing voice conversation, real-time streaming media and network interaction into real-time services according to different sensitivity degrees to time delay, and dividing background downloading into non-real-time services; the corresponding sequence relation of the real-time class service is as follows: received signal strength>Time delay>Delay jitter>Bandwidth of>Packet loss rate>The error rate and the corresponding sequence relation of the non-real-time services are as follows: received signal strength>Error rate>Bandwidth of>Packet loss rate>Time delay>Time delay jitter;
let neighboring network attribute IjAnd Ij-1The ratio of the degree of importance with respect to the traffic type is Rj，1.0≤RjLess than or equal to 1.8 and interference according to human factors to adjacent network attribute IjAnd Ij-1Judging the importance degree of the target; attribute Ij-1Ratio attribute IjWhen of equal importance, RjTaking the value of 1.0; attribute Ij-1Ratio attribute IjThe higher the relative degree of importance of R, the higher RjThe larger the value is;
then calculate the network attribute IjSubjective weight w ofajComprises the following steps:
6. the method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: in step 3, calculating objective weight w of network attribute by using a variation coefficient methodb；
First, the network attribute I is calculatedjCoefficient of variation U ofj：
Wherein σjIs a network attribute IjStandard deviation of (a), kjIs a network attribute IjAverage of (d); f. ofijRepresenting the jth network attribute value of the ith candidate network, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, m is the number of the candidate networks, and n is the number of the network attributes;
then calculate the network attribute IjObjective weight w ofbjComprises the following steps:
7. the method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: in step 3, introducing an adjustment coefficient to calculate the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
introducing an adjustment coefficient alpha, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and calculating a network attribute IjIntegrated weight W ofjComprises the following steps:
Wj＝αwaj+(1-α)wbj (10)
wherein, wajAs network attribute IjSubjective weight of, wbjAs network attribute IjObjective weight of (2).
8. The method for selecting a network in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 2, wherein: step 4, calculating a comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method;
for candidate network TiValue of combined utility CiIs calculated as:
wherein, WjThe composite weight, f, representing the jth network attributeijAn attribute value representing the jth attribute of the ith candidate network, and n representing the number of network attributes.
9. The method for selecting the network under the heterogeneous network environment according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the step 5 is implemented by the following steps:
step 5.1: note that the current access network is NcurrentThe network with the maximum comprehensive utility value in the optional network set is Nbest(ii) a Calculating a comprehensive utility value C of the current access networkcurrentCombined utility value C with minimum network for meeting current vehicle traffic demandsminMaking a comparison if Ccurrent＞CminIf yes, turning to step 5.2, otherwise, turning to step 5.3;
step 5.2: keeping the access state of the current network unchanged, not switching the network, and ending the process;
step 5.3: performing network switching operation, and selecting and accessing the network N with the maximum comprehensive utility valuebestThe process is ended.
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| CN115515198A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-12-23 | 武汉科技大学 | Heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network selection method and system based on game theory and adaptive hopping |
| CN115515198B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-04-16 | 武汉科技大学 | Heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network selection method and system based on game theory and adaptive jump |
| CN117580132A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Heterogeneous network access method, device and equipment for mobile equipment based on reinforcement learning |
| CN117580132B (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-04-12 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Heterogeneous network access method, device and equipment for mobile equipment based on reinforcement learning |
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