CN114025331B - Heterogeneous network-based traffic system and network selection method in heterogeneous network environment - Google Patents
Heterogeneous network-based traffic system and network selection method in heterogeneous network environment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
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- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
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- H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
- H04W36/0085—Hand-off measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a traffic system based on heterogeneous network and a network selection method in heterogeneous network environment, wherein the system comprises an intersection, a bidirectional multilane, a plurality of different types of networks, road side units of the different types of networks and a data center server; the data center server estimates a residence time of the requesting vehicle in the candidate network based on the vehicle request information and the network status information, and screens out the candidate network that would cause unnecessary handover based on the residence time. And then, respectively calculating subjective weight and objective weight of the network attribute by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, and calculating comprehensive weight of the network attribute by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight. And calculating the comprehensive utility value of the candidate network and selecting an available network set. And finally, selecting and switching the optimal network by combining the available network set. The invention can effectively reduce the network switching blocking probability in the heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network environment and improve the network throughput of the system, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and the user demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of vehicles, relates to a traffic system based on a heterogeneous network and a network selection method oriented to a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment, and particularly relates to a traffic system based on a heterogeneous network and a network selection method oriented to a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment in an urban scene.
Background
With the rapid development of mobile internet and communication technology, heterogeneous networks with various network convergence are a necessary trend of network communication development. In heterogeneous network environment, efficient network selection and switching are beneficial to guaranteeing the service quality experience of users. The heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network taking the vehicle as a main carrier has the characteristics of high vehicle moving speed, diversified user demands, frequent network topology change and the like, and is easy to cause the occurrence of a switching blocking phenomenon and the reduction of the network resource utilization rate, which is a problem to be solved in the current intelligent traffic field.
With the increasing number and types of accessible networks, the urban on-board network environment becomes more complex, and traditional network selection methods based on a single factor (e.g., received signal strength) have been difficult to work with. Therefore, most of the current research on the network selection method synthesizes a plurality of decision factors, and performance evaluation is performed on a plurality of candidate networks through a multi-attribute decision theory, so that the candidate network closest to the ideal network is obtained and accessed.
However, many problems remain with existing network selection methods based on multi-attribute decisions. For example, many methods lack pretreatment of candidate networks, and those candidate networks where the vehicle can only stay briefly are prone to unnecessary network handoffs; in addition, after performance evaluation of the candidate network is completed, the best network is often blindly selected for access, so that the phenomenon of switching blocking is easy to occur, the network resource utilization rate is reduced, and the dynamic change vehicle-mounted environment and the user requirement are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing heterogeneous network selection method, the invention provides a heterogeneous network-based traffic system and a heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environment-oriented network selection method, wherein after unqualified candidate networks are screened, comprehensive subjective and objective weights are used for calculating comprehensive weights of network attributes, the comprehensive utility values of the candidate networks are used for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of network performance, and the optimal network is selected and accessed from a selectable network set.
The system of the invention adopts the technical proposal that: a traffic system based on heterogeneous network comprises an intersection and a bidirectional multi-lane, wherein a plurality of different types of networks are crossed and covered in the intersection and a nearby area, and road side units and data center servers of the different types of networks;
The vehicle nodes in the system are randomly distributed, the running speed is dynamically changed, the running direction comprises straight running, left turning, right turning and turning around, and only one network can be accessed at the same time to enjoy data communication service; the road side unit is used for providing wireless communication services, including voice dialogue, real-time streaming media, network interaction and background downloading, and collecting request information of passing vehicles; the data center server is used for processing the vehicle request information and the network state information uploaded by the road side unit.
The technical scheme adopted by the method is as follows: a network selection method in heterogeneous network environment comprises the following steps:
step 1: the road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, and uploads the vehicle request information and the network state information to the data center server after receiving the request information sent by the vehicle; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
Step 2: the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in each candidate network, compares the residence time with a threshold time t 0, deletes the corresponding network from the candidate network list if the estimated residence time is smaller than the threshold time t 0, and otherwise reserves the corresponding network;
Step 3: calculating subjective weight W a of the network attribute by using a sequence relation method, calculating objective weight W b of the network attribute by using a variation coefficient method, and introducing an adjustment coefficient to calculate comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
Step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method, if the comprehensive utility value C is larger than a threshold C min meeting the vehicle communication service requirement, adding the network into the optional network set, otherwise, failing to add the network into the optional network set;
step 5: and combining the optional network set to perform optimal network selection and switching operation, and ending the flow.
The method comprises the steps of firstly pre-screening candidate networks based on the residence time of vehicles in the networks, then respectively calculating subjective weights and objective weights of network attributes by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, calculating comprehensive weights of the network attributes by combining the subjective weights and the objective weights, then calculating comprehensive utility values of the candidate networks and selecting available network sets, and finally selecting and switching optimal networks by combining the selectable network sets. The invention can effectively reduce the blocking probability of network switching and improve the network throughput, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and the user demands.
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FIG. 1 is a system model of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a scenario featuring an estimated vehicle network residence time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the probability of blocking in a handover between two other methods according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing network throughput for different vehicle numbers for the method according to the embodiment of the present invention and for the other two methods.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding and practice of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art will now make further details with reference to the drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention thereto.
In the existing heterogeneous vehicle-mounted network selection method based on multi-attribute decision, the problems that preprocessing of candidate networks is lacking, the best network is blindly selected for access, so that the phenomenon of switching blocking is caused, the network resource utilization rate is reduced and the like exist. The invention provides a novel network selection method for heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environments in urban traffic scenes. A network selection method oriented to heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environments is used for efficiently selecting and switching networks. The basic idea of the method is that: the method comprises the steps of collecting request information of a vehicle and state information of a network in real time, processing, screening candidate networks which can cause unnecessary switching by estimating residence time of the request vehicle in the candidate networks, establishing a candidate network evaluation model, calculating comprehensive utility values of the candidate networks, selecting a selectable network set, and selecting an optimal network as a switching target by combining the selectable network set.
Referring to fig. 1, the traffic system based on heterogeneous network provided by the invention comprises an intersection and a bidirectional multilane, wherein various networks of different types are crossly covered at the intersection and a nearby area, and the traffic system relates to 1 LTE mobile communication base station, 2 WiMAX mobile communication base stations and 2 WLAN mobile communication base stations, and comprises road side units and data center servers of various networks of different types; in the embodiment, the vehicle nodes are randomly distributed, the running speed is dynamically changed, the running direction comprises straight running, left turning, right turning and turning around, and only one network can be accessed at the same time to enjoy the data communication service; the road side unit in this embodiment is configured to provide wireless communication services of voice dialogue, real-time streaming media, network interaction, background download, etc., and collect request information of a passing vehicle at the same time; the data center server is used for processing the vehicle request information and the network state information uploaded by the road side unit.
In order to enable a vehicle to select a proper network for access, when the vehicle initiates a network switching request, performance evaluation is performed on a currently detected candidate network, and after a performance evaluation value of the candidate network is obtained, whether to switch is required, however, the existing method has the following problems:
(1) Networks where vehicles can only stay briefly often exist in heterogeneous vehicle-mounted environments, unnecessary network switching is easy to cause, and processing on the networks is lacking;
(2) After evaluating the performance of the candidate network, the best network is blindly selected for access, which is unfavorable for the efficient and balanced utilization of network resources.
Therefore, the invention provides a network selection method in heterogeneous network environment, which screens unqualified candidate networks based on the residence time of vehicles in the network, then calculates the subjective weight and objective weight of network attribute by using a sequence relation method and a variation coefficient method, calculates the comprehensive weight of the network attribute by combining the subjective weight and the objective weight, calculates the comprehensive utility value of the candidate network, selects an available network set, and finally selects and switches the optimal network by combining an optional network set.
Referring to fig. 2, the network selection method in the heterogeneous network environment provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
Step 1: the road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, wherein the vehicle request information comprises an identifier, a running speed, a running direction, a geographic position and a communication service type of a vehicle, and the network state information comprises bandwidth, time delay jitter, packet loss rate, bit error rate and received signal strength of a network; after receiving the request message sent by the vehicle, the road side unit uploads the vehicle request message and the network state information to the data center server; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
Step 2: the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in each candidate network, compares the residence time with a threshold time t 0, deletes the corresponding network from the candidate network list if the estimated residence time is smaller than the threshold time t 0, and otherwise reserves the corresponding network;
In this embodiment, the process of estimating the residence time of the requesting vehicle in the candidate network is: assuming that the moving track of the vehicle in a certain candidate network is as shown in fig. 3, the base station S is located in the candidate network center with the signal coverage radius R, the vehicle enters the signal coverage of the base station S from the point P, travels to the point a after the time Δt, and finally exits the signal coverage of the base station S from the point Q. The geographical location information of the point a is (x A,yA), the geographical location information of the base station S is (x S,yS), and the distance D SA between the point a and the base station S is calculated as shown in formula (1):
From the geometric relationship of Δsab and Δspb in fig. 3, the distance D AB between the point a and the point B is calculated as shown in formula (2):
Where v is the moving speed of the vehicle.
Calculating the total length L of the remaining moving track of the vehicle in the candidate network signal range, as shown in a formula (3):
L＝2DAB+vΔt (3)
estimating an estimated residence time t of the vehicle in the candidate network as shown in equation (4):
Step 3: calculating subjective weight w a of the network attribute by using a sequence relation method, and calculating objective weight w b of the network attribute by using a variation coefficient method; introducing an adjustment coefficient alpha to calculate the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
in the embodiment, a sequence relation method is utilized to calculate the subjective weight w a of the network attribute;
After normalizing the network attribute, if the importance degree of the network attribute I j on the service type is greater than that of the network attribute I j-1, recording I j>Ij-1 (j is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n), wherein n is the number of the network attributes; according to the different time delay sensitivity, the voice dialogue, the real-time streaming media and the network interaction are divided into real-time services, and the background downloading is divided into non-real-time services. The corresponding sequence relation of the real-time service is as follows: the sequence relation of the received signal strength > time delay jitter > bandwidth > packet loss rate > error rate and the non-real-time service is as follows: received signal strength > bit error rate > bandwidth > packet loss rate > delay jitter.
The ratio of the importance degree of the adjacent network attributes I j and I j-1 relative to the service type is R j,1.0≤Rj less than or equal to 1.8, and the importance degree of the adjacent network attributes I j and I j-1 is judged according to the interference of human factors. When the attribute I j-1 is equal to the attribute I j, R j takes a value of 1.0; the higher the relative importance of attribute I j-1 over attribute I j, the greater the R j value;
The subjective weight w aj of the network attribute I j is calculated as shown in equation (5):
In the embodiment, the objective weight w b of the network attribute is calculated by using a variation coefficient method;
In order to reasonably compare various network attributes with different dimensions, the objective weight of the network attributes is processed by adopting the variation coefficient of the network attributes. Firstly, calculating a variation coefficient U j of the network attribute I j, as shown in a formula (6):
Wherein σ j is the standard deviation of the network attribute I j, k j is the average number of the network attributes I j, and the values of σ j and k j are respectively shown in the formula (7) and the formula (8):
f ij represents the jth network attribute value of the ith candidate network, i is 1.ltoreq.m, j is 1.ltoreq.n. m is the number of candidate networks, n is the number of network attributes;
the objective weight w bj of the network attribute I j is calculated as shown in equation (9):
In the embodiment, an adjustment coefficient alpha is introduced, alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and the comprehensive weight W j of the network attribute I j is calculated:
Wj＝αwaj+(1-α)wbj (10)
Step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method, if the comprehensive utility value C is larger than a threshold C min meeting the vehicle communication service requirement, adding the network into the optional network set, otherwise, failing to add the network into the optional network set;
After computing the comprehensive weight of the network attribute, the comprehensive utility value of the candidate network may be computed by a simple weighting method, and the comprehensive utility value C i of the candidate network T i may be computed by:
where W j represents the aggregate weight of the jth network attribute, and f ij represents the attribute value of the jth attribute of the ith candidate network.
Step 5: combining the selectable network set to perform network selection and switching operation, and ending the flow;
In this implementation, the steps specifically include the following steps:
Step 5.1: the current access network is N current, and the network with the largest comprehensive utility value in the optional network set is N best. Calculating a comprehensive utility value C current of the current access network, comparing the comprehensive utility value C current with a minimum network comprehensive utility value C min meeting the current vehicle communication service requirement, if C current＞Cmin, turning to step 5.2, otherwise turning to step 5.3;
Step 5.2: keeping the access state of the current network unchanged, not switching the network, and ending the flow;
Step 5.3: and (3) performing network switching operation, selecting and accessing the network N best with the maximum comprehensive utility value, and ending the flow.
To illustrate the method performance of this example, several methods are provided for comparison:
1) MADM-VHO, a network selection method based on multi-attribute decision.
2) ST-VHO, a network selection method with residence time as the main decision factor.
And (3) performing a comparison experiment based on MATLAB, and comparing the switching blocking probability and the network throughput of the three network selection methods under different vehicle numbers. Fig. 4 shows that the handover blocking probability of the proposed network selection method is best among the three methods, and is reduced by 33.97% at a vehicle number of 100, compared to the MADM-VHO method, which is relatively superior in performance. Fig. 5 shows that the network throughput of the proposed network selection method performs best among the three methods, and is improved by 12.78-17.12% compared to the better performing MADM-VHO method.
According to the invention, the network which can provide more stable communication service is screened out by estimating the residence time of the vehicle in the candidate network, the performance of the candidate network is more accurately estimated by combining the subjective and objective weight to construct the utility function, and the candidate network with the maximum comprehensive utility value is prevented from being blindly accessed by judging whether the comprehensive utility value of the current access network meets the minimum requirement of the current vehicle communication service. The invention can effectively reduce the blocking probability of network switching and improve the network throughput of the system, thereby meeting the dynamic vehicle-mounted environment and the user demands.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to limit the scope of the claims, and that those skilled in the art can make substitutions or modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The network selection method in the heterogeneous network environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the road side unit monitors and collects vehicle request information and network state information in real time, and uploads the vehicle request information and the network state information to the data center server after receiving the request information sent by the vehicle; the data center server processes the uploaded data and establishes a candidate network list of the current request vehicle;
Step 2: the data center server estimates the residence time of the request vehicle in each candidate network, compares the residence time with a threshold time t 0, deletes the corresponding network from the candidate network list if the estimated residence time is smaller than the threshold time t 0, and otherwise reserves the corresponding network;
Step 3: calculating subjective weight W a of the network attribute, calculating objective weight W b of the network attribute, and calculating comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
calculating subjective weight w a of the network attribute by using a sequence relation method;
After normalizing the network attribute, if the importance degree of the network attribute I j on the service type is greater than that of the network attribute I j-1, recording I j>Ij-1, wherein j is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to n, and n is the number of the network attributes; dividing voice dialogue, real-time streaming media and network interaction into real-time services according to different time delay sensitivity degrees, and dividing background downloading into non-real-time services; the corresponding sequence relation of the real-time service is as follows: the sequence relation of the received signal strength > time delay jitter > bandwidth > packet loss rate > error rate and the non-real-time service is as follows: received signal strength > bit error rate > bandwidth > packet loss rate > delay jitter;
the ratio of the importance degree of the adjacent network attributes I j and I j-1 relative to the service type is R j,1.0≤Rj less than or equal to 1.8, and the importance degree of the adjacent network attributes I j and I j-1 is judged according to the interference of human factors; when the attribute I j-1 is equal to the attribute I j, R j takes a value of 1.0; the higher the relative importance of attribute I j-1 over attribute I j, the greater the R j value;
The subjective weight w aj of the network attribute I j is calculated as:
Calculating objective weight w b of the network attribute by using a variation coefficient method;
first, the coefficient of variation U j of the network attribute I j is calculated:
Where σ j is the standard deviation of network attribute I j and k j is the average of network attributes I j; f ij represents the jth network attribute value of the ith candidate network, i is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, j is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, m is the number of candidate networks, and n is the number of network attributes;
The objective weight w bj of the network attribute I j is calculated as:
Step 4: calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network, if the comprehensive utility value C is larger than a threshold value C min meeting the vehicle communication service requirement, adding the network into the optional network set, otherwise, failing to add the network into the optional network set;
step 5: and combining the optional network set to perform optimal network selection and switching operation, and ending the flow.
2. The network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 1, wherein: the vehicle request information in step 1 includes an identifier, a running speed, a running direction, a geographical location and a communication service type of the vehicle, and the network state information includes a bandwidth, a time delay jitter, a packet loss rate, an error rate and a received signal strength of the network.
3. The network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the base station S is located at a candidate network center with a signal coverage radius R, the vehicle enters the signal coverage of the base station S from the point P, travels to the point a after the time Δt, and finally exits the signal coverage of the base station S from the point Q; the geographical position information of the point a is (x A,yA), the geographical position information of the base station S is (x S,yS), and the distance D SA between the point a and the base station S is calculated:
Calculate the distance D AB between point a and point B:
Wherein v is the moving speed of the vehicle;
calculating the total length L of the remaining moving track of the vehicle in the candidate network signal range:
L＝2DAB+vΔt(3)
Estimating an estimated residence time t of the vehicle in the candidate network:
4. The network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 1, wherein: in step 3, introducing an adjustment coefficient to calculate the comprehensive weight W of the network attribute;
Introducing an adjustment coefficient alpha, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and calculating the comprehensive weight W j of the network attribute I j as follows:
Wj＝αwaj+(1-α)wbj(10)
Where w aj is the subjective weight of network attribute I j and w bj is the objective weight of network attribute I j.
5. The network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, calculating the comprehensive utility value C of the candidate network by using a simple weighting method;
For candidate network T i, the calculation of its composite utility value C i is:
Where W j represents the aggregate weight of the jth network attribute, f ij represents the attribute value of the jth attribute of the ith candidate network, and n represents the number of network attributes.
6. The network selection method in a heterogeneous network environment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the specific implementation of step 5 includes the following sub-steps:
Step 5.1: recording the current access network as N current, and selecting a network with the maximum comprehensive utility value in the network set as N best; calculating a comprehensive utility value C current of the current access network, comparing the comprehensive utility value C current with a minimum network comprehensive utility value C min meeting the current vehicle communication service requirement, if C current＞Cmin, turning to step 5.2, otherwise turning to step 5.3;
Step 5.2: keeping the access state of the current network unchanged, not switching the network, and ending the flow;
Step 5.3: and (3) performing network switching operation, selecting and accessing the network N best with the maximum comprehensive utility value, and ending the flow.
7. A heterogeneous network-based traffic system employing the method of any of claims 1-6; the method is characterized in that: the system comprises an intersection and a bidirectional multilane, wherein a plurality of different types of networks are crossly covered at the intersection and a nearby area, and road side units and data center servers of the different types of networks;
The vehicle nodes in the system are randomly distributed, the running speed is dynamically changed, the running direction comprises straight running, left turning, right turning and turning around, and only one network can be accessed at the same time to enjoy data communication service; the road side unit is used for providing wireless communication services, including voice dialogue, real-time streaming media, network interaction and background downloading, and collecting request information of passing vehicles; the data center server is used for processing the vehicle request information and the network state information uploaded by the road side unit.
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