CN112996071B - Vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception - Google Patents

Vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception Download PDF

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CN112996071B
CN112996071B CN202110262769.0A CN202110262769A CN112996071B CN 112996071 B CN112996071 B CN 112996071B CN 202110262769 A CN202110262769 A CN 202110262769A CN 112996071 B CN112996071 B CN 112996071B
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vehicle
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qos
switching
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CN112996071A (en
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苏伟
洪高风
温绮丽
张宏科
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]

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Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle vertical switching method based on user service perception. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a network state and vehicle parameters of a vehicle to be switched by adopting an access network; determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state; when the actual throughput is not less than the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, the access network is brought into the alternative network set; acquiring network parameters of a switching network; determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; determining an access distance by adopting a SmoothRWP mobile model according to the radius; acquiring the probability of selecting a switching network for switching the vehicle to be switched; determining the actual radius of a QoS circular area of a switching network according to the probability and the access distance; determining the network utilization rate of a switching network in the alternative network set according to the actual radius and the radius; and determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and switching according to the optimal network. The invention has the advantages of wide application scene, high performability and accurate execution result.

Description

Vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle networking communication, in particular to a vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception.
Background
The Internet of vehicles is used as an important means of intelligent transportation, industries such as automobiles, electronics, information communication, road transportation and the like are deeply integrated, and all-around network connection of vehicles, vehicles and roads, vehicles and pedestrians, vehicles and cloud platforms and the like is achieved. However, a single type of network cannot meet the requirements of low-delay and high-reliability communication in the internet of vehicles, and a heterogeneous network which gradually tends to be converged becomes a development trend of the next generation of internet of vehicles. In order to make the vehicle fully utilize network resources in a heterogeneous network environment and switch to an optimal access network according to business requirements and mobility characteristics, it is critical to research a vertical switching technology of the internet of vehicles.
The types of traffic in current internet of vehicles can be roughly divided into two categories: one is a driving safety service, which mainly comprises automatic driving, remote driving, traffic early warning and the like. The other type is information service type business, which mostly needs higher bandwidth and network throughput, but is often insensitive to time delay, and the related application fields include vehicle-mounted entertainment, live video broadcast, dynamic maps, weather condition forecast and the like. In the heterogeneous Internet of vehicles, each vehicle is equivalent to a communication node, and various interfaces are arranged On an On Board Unit (OBU) of the vehicle to access different communication networks (such as 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX). The characteristic parameters of different access networks are different and are embodied in the aspects of signal strength, load, overhead, safety, energy consumption and the like. Aiming at the safety service, the user pays attention to the real-time performance and the safety of the network; for the information service type service, the user may pay more attention to the overhead, bandwidth, and the like. The vehicle needs to adopt a proper vertical switching mechanism during moving, and switches among different networks by sensing the current Service demand so as to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) of the user.
Vertical handover comprises three processes: the method comprises the steps of switching information acquisition, switching decision and switching execution, wherein the switching decision process is the most critical. A handover decision may be affected by multiple factors, such as: available bandwidth, network load, network coverage, user preferences, overhead, security, and the like. Conventional handover decision schemes can be broadly classified into four categories: user service quality-based handover schemes, decision function-based handover schemes, artificial intelligence-based handover schemes, and context awareness-based handover schemes, which have been improved with respect to handover times, packet loss rates, and the like, but still have some problems:
(1) mobility analysis is insufficient: under the scene of the internet of vehicles, the speed of the vehicles changes rapidly, the network topology changes complicatedly, and the existing switching algorithm is not sufficient for analyzing the track and the mobility of the vehicles and is not suitable for a high-speed mobile terminal. Some mechanisms are simple to model and cannot truly reflect the residence process of the vehicle in the network.
(2) The algorithm is simple: most handover algorithms are based on received signal strength, available bandwidth and other network side parameters to make decisions, and have single decision factors and are easy to generate ping-pong effect, jitter and other problems. In the scene of the internet of vehicles, the types of user services are numerous, the requirements are different, and most algorithms are not enough for decision consideration in the aspects of overhead, load, safety and the like of a user side.
(3) The applicable scene is single: the traditional switching algorithm is relatively simple, the related network coverage scene is single, and the network load balancing problem cannot be effectively solved when the vehicle density is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception, and solves the problems of insufficient mobility analysis, simple algorithm, single applicable scene and the like in the traditional vertical switching technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a vehicle vertical switching method based on user service perception comprises the following steps:
acquiring a network state and vehicle parameters of a vehicle to be switched by adopting an access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, the geographic position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption;
determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state;
judging whether the actual throughput of the access network is smaller than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched or not to obtain a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result is that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched, the access network is brought into an alternative network set; the access network included in the alternative network set is used as a switching network;
acquiring network parameters of a switching network in the alternative network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power;
determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate;
determining an access distance by adopting a Smooth RWP mobile model according to the radius of the QoS circular region; the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and an access point in a QoS circular area after switching delay;
obtaining the probability that the vehicle to be switched selects the switching network for switching;
determining the actual radius of the QoS circular area of the switching network according to the probability and the access distance;
determining the network utilization rate of the switching network in the alternative network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area;
and determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and switching according to the optimal network.
Optionally, the determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state specifically includes:
using formulas
Figure GDA0003307817360000031
Determining an actual throughput of the access network;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000032
for the actual throughput of the access network, LiIn order to access the current load of the network,
Figure GDA0003307817360000033
maximum data rate allocated for access network。
Optionally, the determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameter specifically includes:
using formulas
Figure GDA0003307817360000034
Determining the radius of the QoS circular area;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000035
radius of the QoS circular region, PTXFor the network transmit power, gamma, alpha, beta are all constants, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcIs the access network carrier frequency.
Optionally, determining an access distance by using a Smooth RWP mobility model according to the radius of the QoS circular region specifically includes:
using formulas
Figure GDA0003307817360000041
Determining an access distance;
wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreIs the angle of direction, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
Optionally, the determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and performing handover according to the optimal network further includes:
and if the network utilization rates are all zero or are null sets, selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching.
A vehicle vertical handoff system based on user traffic awareness, comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the network state and the vehicle parameters of the vehicle to be switched by adopting the access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, the geographic position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption;
the actual throughput determining module is used for determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state;
the first judgment result determining module is used for judging whether the actual throughput of the access network is less than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched or not to obtain a first judgment result;
a candidate network set determining module, configured to, if the first determination result is that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, bring the access network into a candidate network set; the access network included in the alternative network set is used as a switching network;
a network parameter obtaining module, configured to obtain a network parameter of a handover network in the candidate network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power;
the radius determining module of the QoS circular area is used for determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate;
an access distance determining module, configured to determine an access distance by using a Smooth RWP mobility model according to the radius of the QoS circular region; the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and an access point in a QoS circular area after switching delay;
the probability obtaining module is used for obtaining the probability that the vehicle to be switched selects the switching network for switching;
an actual radius determining module, configured to determine an actual radius of a QoS circular area of the handover network according to the probability and the access distance;
a network utilization determining module, configured to determine a network utilization of a handover network in the candidate network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area;
and the switching module is used for determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate and switching according to the optimal network.
Optionally, the actual throughput determining module specifically includes:
a real throughput determination unit for utilizing the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000051
Determining an actual throughput of the access network;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000052
for the actual throughput of the access network, LiIn order to access the current load of the network,
Figure GDA0003307817360000053
a maximum data rate allocated for the access network.
Optionally, the radius determining module of the QoS circular area specifically includes:
radius determination unit of QoS circular region for using formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000061
Determining the radius of the QoS circular area;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000062
radius of the QoS circular region, PTXFor the network transmit power, gamma, alpha, beta are all constants, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcIs an access network carrier frequency.
Optionally, the access distance determining module specifically includes:
an access distance determination unit for using the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000063
Determining an access distance;
wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreIs the angle of direction, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and the 5G network switching module is used for selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching if the network utilization rate is all zero or is an empty set.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception, the network state of the adjacent accessible network is scanned through the vehicle-mounted communication terminal, relevant network parameters are collected, and the current load condition of each network and the maximum data rate which can be provided for the vehicle are evaluated. And further judging whether the actual throughput capacity provided by the current network meets the data rate requested by the vehicle or not, and pre-screening the access network. For the switching network in the alternative network set, the maximum data rate which can be provided by the switching network to the vehicle is converted into a QoS circular area taking an Access Point (AP) or a Base Station (BS) as a center, and the vehicle can obtain the requested data transmission rate if the vehicle is in the circular area. And comprehensively analyzing factors such as user side preference information, vehicle movement characteristics, switching delay and the like through the OBU at the vehicle end to obtain the actual radius of the vehicle in each alternative network. Finally, the network utilization rates of different networks in the candidate set are compared, the optimal network is selected, and the subsequent switching execution process is completed. The invention solves the problems of insufficient mobility analysis, simple algorithm, single applicable scene and the like in the traditional vertical handover technology. The invention has the advantages of wide application scene, high performability, accurate execution result and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle vertical handover method based on user service awareness according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of a vertical vehicle handover method based on user service awareness according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a moving track of a vehicle in a network QoS circular theoretical area;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle vertical switching system based on user service awareness according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a vehicle vertical switching method and system based on user service perception, and the method and system have the advantages of wide application scenes, high performability and accurate execution result.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The traditional vertical handover technology has the problems of insufficient mobility analysis, simple algorithm, single applicable scene and the like, and cannot be well applied to the heterogeneous Internet of vehicles scene. The invention aims to improve the original switching technology and provides a scientific and reasonable vertical switching scheme with strong applicability for a heterogeneous vehicle networking scene with infrastructure (such as RSU, AP or base station). According to the scheme, the switching decision is completed by sensing the vehicle service requirements and different access network characteristics and utilizing the mobile assumption, QoS boundary conversion and utility functions, so that the communication quality and the user experience quality of the vehicle in the moving process are improved.
The invention is applicable to a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment comprising various wireless communication technologies such as 5G, Wi-Fi, wherein 5G realizes full coverage by adopting a dense networking mode.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle vertical handover method based on user service awareness provided by the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic principle diagram of a vehicle vertical handover method based on user service awareness provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the vehicle vertical handover method based on user service awareness provided by the present invention includes:
s101, acquiring a network state and vehicle parameters of a vehicle to be switched by adopting an access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched, the geographical position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption.
And S102, determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state.
S102 specifically comprises the following steps:
using formulas
Figure GDA0003307817360000081
An actual throughput of the access network is determined.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000082
for the actual throughput of the access network, LiIn order to access the current load of the network,
Figure GDA0003307817360000083
a maximum data rate allocated for the access network.
The network load is one of important factors influencing the switching performance, and different from the existing scheme, the data rate required by accessing the same network vehicle is adopted to represent the load of the network instead of the number of the accessed vehicles, the fundamental reason is that the number of the accessed vehicles is large, the network load is not necessarily large, and the load is often dependent on the data transmission requirement of the accessed vehicles on the network. The vehicle node scans and acquires nearby accessible networks through periodic broadcast and acquires the current actual load condition L of each networki. Assuming that N vehicles currently access the network i, the data rates allocated to the N vehicles accessing the network are respectively { s }1，s2，...，sN}. For network i, the current load can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003307817360000091
aiming at different scenes in the Internet of vehicles, the sensing module can acquire the data rate requirement of the vehicle on the current service in real time.
S103, judging whether the actual throughput of the access network is less than the data rate S required by the vehicle to be switchedreqAnd obtaining a first judgment result.
S104, if the first judgment result shows that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched, the access network is brought into an alternative network set; the access network included in the set of alternative networks acts as a handover network.
S105, acquiring network parameters of a switching network in the alternative network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power.
S106, determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; and when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate.
Maximum data rate provided to a vehicle
Figure GDA0003307817360000092
Can be converted into a QoS circular area with an Access Point (AP) or a Base Station (BS) as a center, and the vehicle can obtain the requested data transmission rate s if the vehicle is in the circular areareq。
As known from shannon's theorem, in a channel interfered by gaussian white noise, the maximum data rate of the network i is determined by the following formula:
Figure GDA0003307817360000093
where W is the channel bandwidth, PavgIs the received average signal power and N is the noise power. When the vehicle is far from the AP or BS, the data rate of the vehicle may decrease and the corresponding received signal power may also decrease. Power P received by vehicle in QoS circular areaRXComprises the following steps:
PRX＝PTX-PLOS-PF+G。
PTXfor transmitting power, P, to the networkFRepresenting a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects; g denotes the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle. Obtaining a logarithmic distance path loss model in the Internet of vehicles environment as a vehicle andwith an access point distance of r, the path loss can be expressed as:
PLOS＝αlog10r+βlog10(fc)+γ。
gamma, alpha and beta are constants and are related to a wireless scene where the Internet of vehicles is located. The instantaneous signal power received by the vehicle may fluctuate due to changes in the wireless channel conditions. In order to prevent the influence caused by fluctuation, the received average signal power P is usedavgReplacing the power P received by the vehicle in the QoS circular areaRX。
Further, using the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000101
The radius of the QoS circular region is determined.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000102
radius of the QoS circular region, PTXFor the network transmit power, gamma, alpha, beta are all constants, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcIs an access network carrier frequency.
Figure GDA0003307817360000103
S107, determining an access distance by adopting a Smooth RWP mobile model according to the radius of the QoS circular area; and the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and the access point in the QoS circular area after the switching delay. The radius of the QoS circular area is a theoretical radius, that is, the QoS circular area at this time is a theoretical circular area.
S107, considering the factors of user preference information, vehicle movement characteristics, switching delay and the like, the area which can be actually used by the vehicle in the future is smaller than the QoS circular theoretical area. The actual area may also pass through a circular area centered on the Access Point (AP) or Base Station (BS)Field representation, radius of
Figure GDA0003307817360000104
Suppose the handover delay is td，LDFor vehicles passing through t in QoS circular theoretical regiondDistance to access point, probability P, when handover connection establishment is completedURThe probability of the vehicle selecting the network for switching is expressed, is related to the user preference and the vehicle residence time, and is taken as [0, 1 ]]. Thus, it is possible to provide
Figure GDA0003307817360000105
Can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003307817360000106
the invention considers that the vehicle-end OBU intelligently calculates the residence time of the vehicle in the QoS circular theoretical area of some networks and the actually usable area radius, and selects a Smooth RWP movement model to simulate the movement of the vehicle in the calculation process, and the model considers the historical state of the mobile node, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of sudden change of speed and direction angle and being more practical. The following description will take an example of a network in the candidate network set C as an example to describe a specific calculation process.
Suppose a vehicle enters a QoS circular theoretical area of a network with a certain probability, and the trajectory is as shown in fig. 3. At an initial time (t ═ 0), the vehicle is at point a, and its historical speed and heading angle are vpre，θpre. In the Smooth RWP movement model, the vehicle does not suddenly change to a new target speed vendAnd the direction angle thetaendBut gradually changes with the acceleration a. Suppose that t passes through in the course of the changeslotTo reach a transition point B, at which the velocity and direction angle are vmid，θmidThe moving distance is d1. Then passes through a tsloSpecific time reaching target speed v at point CendAnd a direction angle thetaendThe moving distance is d2. Finally, the target speed is continuously moved along the track at a constant speed until a boundary point D is reached, and the moving distance is D3. The change in vehicle displacement results in an actual directional angle of θ 'at B, C'mid、θ′endAt this time, AB '| BC, AC' | CD. Let d (t) be the distance traveled in the network QoS area after the vehicle has traveled for t seconds, and its expression is:
Figure GDA0003307817360000111
middle taIs the duration of vehicle acceleration, equal to
Figure GDA0003307817360000112
D can be calculated by applying the supplementary law of parallel lines and the cosine theorem of triangle1、d2、d3：
d1＝d(tslot)；
d2＝d(2tslot)-d1；
Figure GDA0003307817360000113
Figure GDA0003307817360000114
Figure GDA0003307817360000121
Figure GDA0003307817360000122
Figure GDA0003307817360000123
Further, using the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000124
An access distance is determined.
Wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreIs the angle of direction, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
Wherein d ishIs the vehicle is in the time period tdThe inner travel distance (switching execution time) corresponds to d (t)d). Let d ^ -1 (t) be the inverse function of d (t) defined above, representing the time it takes for the vehicle to travel x meters. Thus predicting the QoS circular theoretical area time T that a vehicle spends in the networkdwellComprises the following steps:
Tdwell＝d-1(d1+d2+d3)。
s108, obtaining the probability P of the vehicle to be switched selecting the switching network for switchingUR。
PURThe value of (d) depends on the user preference and the residence time and can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003307817360000125
wherein tau isiThe user preference degree of the network i is set to be [0, 1 ]]，tdIs a handover delay. Let us assume that the user preferences include parameters like network overhead, security and energy consumption, so τiCan be expressed as:
τi＝ωi1*Ci+ωi2*Si+ωi3*Pi+...
{Ci，Si，Pi.., the normalization factor of the network i is expressed, relating to network overhead, safety, energy consumption and the like, omegaiFor the userThe weight is customized aiming at the current vehicle-mounted service, and omega is satisfiedi1+ωi2+…+ωinAnd 1, dynamically acquiring by the OBU service perception module. Table 1 provides a reference for the network requirement analysis of the vehicle-mounted service, which can be used by the user to define the weight. Finally, the average radius of the area where the vehicle can be actually used can be found as:
Figure GDA0003307817360000131
table 1 is as follows:
TABLE 1
Figure GDA0003307817360000132
S109, determining the actual radius of the QoS circular area of the switching network according to the probability and the access distance.
S110, determining the network utilization rate of the switching network in the alternative network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area.
I.e. each network utilization is eta1，η2，η3，...，ηiEta in whichiThe calculation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003307817360000133
and comparing the network utilization rates of different networks in the candidate set, wherein the highest utilization rate is the selected optimal switching network. The results are communicated to a handover execution component that attempts a handover to the optimal network when the current network link quality is degraded or the data rate provided by the network is insufficient to meet the vehicle demand.
Result＝max{η1，η2，η3，...，ηi}。
And S111, determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and switching according to the optimal network.
Before S111, further comprising:
and if the network utilization rates are all zero or are null sets, selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching.
I.e. due to etaiPossibly 0 if in the final candidate set { η1，η2，η3，...，ηiAll the values are 0 or are in an empty set, namely, no network meeting the QoS of the vehicle is found in the current decision time slot. Since the scene is 5G full coverage, in order to reduce the number of switching times and ensure that communication is not interrupted, a 5G network with the highest data transmission rate in the currently connectable networks may be selected. And finishing the subsequent switching execution process according to the selected optimal network.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle vertical switching system based on user service awareness according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the vehicle vertical switching system based on user service awareness according to the present invention includes:
a parameter obtaining module 401, configured to obtain a network state and vehicle parameters of a vehicle to be switched using an access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched, the geographical position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption.
A goodput determining module 402, configured to determine goodput of the access network according to the network status.
A first judgment result determining module 403, configured to judge whether the actual throughput of the access network is smaller than the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, to obtain a first judgment result.
An alternative network set determining module 404, configured to, if the first determination result is that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, bring the access network into an alternative network set; the access network included in the set of alternative networks acts as a handover network.
A network parameter obtaining module 405, configured to obtain a network parameter of a handover network in the candidate network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power.
A radius determining module 406 of the QoS circular area, configured to determine a radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameter; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; and when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate.
An access distance determining module 407, configured to determine an access distance according to the radius of the QoS circular region by using a Smooth RWP mobility model; and the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and the access point in the QoS circular area after the switching delay.
And a probability obtaining module 408, configured to obtain a probability that the vehicle to be switched selects the switching network for switching.
And an actual radius determining module 409, configured to determine an actual radius of the QoS circular area of the handover network according to the probability and the access distance.
A network utilization determining module 410, configured to determine the network utilization of the handover network in the candidate network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area.
The switching module 411 is configured to determine an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and perform switching according to the optimal network.
The actual throughput determination module 402 specifically includes:
a real throughput determination unit for utilizing the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000151
An actual throughput of the access network is determined.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000152
for access to the networkActual throughput, LiIn order to access the current load of the network,
Figure GDA0003307817360000153
a maximum data rate allocated for the access network.
The radius determining module 406 of the QoS circular area specifically includes:
radius determination unit of QoS circular region for using formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000154
The radius of the QoS circular region is determined.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003307817360000161
radius of the QoS circular region, PTXFor the network transmit power, gamma, alpha, beta are all constants, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcIs an access network carrier frequency.
The access distance determining module 408 specifically includes:
an access distance determination unit for using the formula
Figure GDA0003307817360000162
An access distance is determined.
Wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreIs the angle of direction, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
The invention provides a vehicle vertical switching system based on user service perception, which further comprises:
and the 5G network switching module is used for selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching if the network utilization rate is all zero or is an empty set.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A vehicle vertical switching method based on user service perception is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a network state and vehicle parameters of a vehicle to be switched by adopting an access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, the geographic position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption;
determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state;
judging whether the actual throughput of the access network is smaller than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched or not to obtain a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result is that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched, the access network is brought into an alternative network set; the access network included in the alternative network set is used as a switching network;
acquiring network parameters of a switching network in the alternative network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power;
determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate;
determining an access distance by adopting a Smooth RWP mobile model according to the radius of the QoS circular region; the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and an access point in a QoS circular area after switching delay;
obtaining the probability that the vehicle to be switched selects the switching network for switching;
determining the actual radius of the QoS circular area of the switching network according to the probability and the access distance;
determining the network utilization rate of the switching network in the alternative network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area;
determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate, and switching according to the optimal network;
the determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state specifically includes:
using formulas
Figure FDA0003344745080000021
Determining an actual throughput of the access network;
wherein, Ti actFor the actual throughput of the access network, LiTo access the current load of the network, which is the data rate required for accessing the same network vehicle,
Figure FDA0003344745080000022
a maximum data rate allocated for the access network;
the determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameter specifically includes:
using formulas
Figure FDA0003344745080000023
Determining the radius of the QoS circular area;
wherein r isi QoSRadius of the QoS circular region, PTXFor the network transmit power, gamma, alpha, beta are all constants, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcCarrier frequency of access network;
determining an access distance by adopting a Smooth RWP mobile model according to the radius of the QoS circular region, specifically comprising:
using formulas
Figure FDA0003344745080000024
Determining an access distance;
wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreDirection angle of historical speed, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
2. The vehicle vertical handover method based on user service awareness according to claim 1, wherein the determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate and performing handover according to the optimal network further comprises:
and if the network utilization rates are all zero or are null sets, selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching.
3. A vehicle vertical switching system based on user service perception is characterized by comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the network state and the vehicle parameters of the vehicle to be switched by adopting the access network; the network state includes: maximum data rate distributed by the access network, distributed data rate of each access vehicle and channel bandwidth; the vehicle parameters comprise the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, the geographic position of the vehicle to be switched, the speed and direction angle of the vehicle to be switched, the overhead, the safety and the energy consumption;
the actual throughput determining module is used for determining the actual throughput of the access network according to the network state;
the first judgment result determining module is used for judging whether the actual throughput of the access network is less than the required data rate of the vehicle to be switched or not to obtain a first judgment result;
a candidate network set determining module, configured to, if the first determination result is that the actual throughput of the access network is not less than the data rate required by the vehicle to be switched, bring the access network into a candidate network set; the access network included in the alternative network set is used as a switching network;
a network parameter obtaining module, configured to obtain a network parameter of a handover network in the candidate network set; the network parameters include: network transmit power, fading margin associated with path loss, antenna gain between a network access point and a vehicle, channel bandwidth, and noise power;
the radius determining module of the QoS circular area is used for determining the radius of the QoS circular area according to the network parameters; the QoS circular area is a circular area with an access point or a base station as a circle center; when the vehicle to be switched is in the QoS circular area, acquiring the requested data transmission rate;
an access distance determining module, configured to determine an access distance by using a Smooth RWP mobility model according to the radius of the QoS circular region; the access distance is the distance between the vehicle to be switched and an access point in a QoS circular area after switching delay;
the probability obtaining module is used for obtaining the probability that the vehicle to be switched selects the switching network for switching;
an actual radius determining module, configured to determine an actual radius of a QoS circular area of the handover network according to the probability and the access distance;
a network utilization determining module, configured to determine a network utilization of a handover network in the candidate network set according to the actual radius of the QoS circular area and the radius of the QoS circular area;
the switching module is used for determining an optimal network according to the network utilization rate and switching according to the optimal network;
the actual throughput determination module specifically includes:
a real throughput determination unit for utilizing the formula
Figure FDA0003344745080000041
Determining an actual throughput of the access network;
wherein, Ti actFor the actual throughput of the access network, LiTo access the current load of the network, which is the data rate required for accessing the same network vehicle,
Figure FDA0003344745080000042
a maximum data rate allocated for the access network;
the radius determining module of the QoS circular area specifically includes:
radius determination unit of QoS circular region for using formula
Figure FDA0003344745080000043
Determining the radius of the QoS circular area;
wherein r isi QoSRadius of the QoS circular region, PTXTransmitting work for a networkThe ratio, gamma, alpha, beta, is constant, PFIs a fading margin associated with path loss to overcome shadow fading effects, G is the antenna gain between the network access point and the vehicle, PavgFor the received average signal power, fcCarrier frequency of access network;
the access distance determining module specifically includes:
an access distance determination unit for using the formula
Figure FDA0003344745080000044
Determining an access distance;
wherein L isDFor access distance, dhFor the distance traveled by the vehicle in the switching delay period, θpreDirection angle of historical speed, d1、d2Is a movement distance, θ'midAnd θ'endIs the actual angle of orientation, tdFor switching delay, rbTo the distance from the base station after a set time interval, rcIs the distance from the base station after two set time intervals, tslotTo set the time interval.
4. The vehicle vertical switching system based on user service perception according to claim 3, further comprising:
and the 5G network switching module is used for selecting the 5G network with the highest data transmission rate for switching if the network utilization rate is all zero or is an empty set.
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